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diff --git a/deprecated/doc/gf-summerschool.txt b/deprecated/doc/gf-summerschool.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0acf9177d..000000000 --- a/deprecated/doc/gf-summerschool.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,533 +0,0 @@ -GF Resource Grammar Summer School -Gothenburg, 17-28 August 2009 -Aarne Ranta (aarne at chalmers.se) - -%!Encoding : iso-8859-1 - -%!target:html -%!postproc(html): #BECE <center> -%!postproc(html): #ENCE </center> -%!postproc(html): #GRAY <font color="green" size="-1"> -%!postproc(html): #EGRAY </font> -%!postproc(html): #RED <font color="red"> -%!postproc(html): #YELLOW <font color="orange"> -%!postproc(html): #ERED </font> - -#BECE -[school-langs.png] -#ENCE - - -//red=wanted, green=exists, orange=in-progress, solid=official-eu, dotted=non-eu// - - -==News== - -An on-line course //GF for Resource Grammar Writers// will start on -Monday 20 April at 15.30 CEST. The slides and recordings of the five -45-minute lectures will be made available via this web page. If requested, -the course may be repeated in the beginning of the summer school. - - -==Executive summary== - -GF Resource Grammar Library is an open-source computational grammar resource -that currently covers 12 languages. -The Summer School is a part of a collaborative effort to extend the library -to all of the 23 official EU languages. Also other languages -chosen by the participants are welcome. - -The missing EU languages are: -Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian, -Maltese, Portuguese, Slovak, and Slovenian. There is also more work to -be done on Polish and Romanian. - -The linguistic coverage of the library includes the inflectional morphology -and basic syntax of each language. It can be used in GF applications -and also ported to other formats. It can also be used for building other -linguistic resources, such as morphological lexica and parsers. -The library is licensed under LGPL. - -In the summer school, each language will be implemented by one or two students -working together. A morphology implementation will be credited -as a Chalmers course worth 7.5 ETCS points; adding a syntax implementation -will be worth more. The estimated total work load is 1-2 months for the -morphology, and 3-6 months for the whole grammar. - -Participation in the course is free. Registration is done via the courses's -Google group, [``groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/`` http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/]. The registration deadline is 15 June 2009. - -Some travel grants will be available. They are distributed on the basis of a -GF programming contest in April and May. - -The summer school will be held on 17-28 August 2009, at the campus of -Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. - - -[align6.png] - -//Word alignment produced by GF from the resource grammar in Bulgarian, English, Italian, German, Finnish, French, and Swedish.// - -==Introduction== - -Since 2007, EU-27 has 23 official languages, listed in the diagram on top of this -document. There is a growing need of linguistic resources for these -languages, to help in tasks such as translation and information retrieval. -These resources should be **portable** and **freely accessible**. -Languages marked in red in the diagram are of particular interest for -the summer school, since they are those on which the effort will be concentrated. - -GF (Grammatical Framework, -[``digitalgrammars.com/gf`` http://digitalgrammars.com/gf]) -is a **functional programming language** designed for writing natural -language grammars. It provides an efficient platform for this task, due to -its modern characteristics: -- It is a functional programming language, similar to Haskell and ML. -- It has a static type system and type checker. -- It has a powerful module system supporting separate compilation - and data abstraction. -- It has an optimizing compiler to **Portable Grammar Format** (PGF). -- PGF can be further compiled to other formats, such as JavaScript and - speech recognition language models. -- GF has a **resource grammar library** giving access to the morphology and - basic syntax of 12 languages. - - -In addition to "ordinary" grammars for single languages, GF -supports **multilingual grammars**. A multilingual GF grammar consists of an -**abstract syntax** and a set of **concrete syntaxes**. -An abstract syntax is system of **trees**, serving as a semantic -model or an ontology. A concrete syntax is a mapping from abstract syntax -trees to strings of a particular language. - -These mappings defined in concrete syntax are **reversible**: they -can be used both for **generating** strings from trees, and for -**parsing** strings into trees. Combinations of generation and -parsing can be used for **translation**, where the abstract -syntax works as an **interlingua**. Thus GF has been used as a -framework for building translation systems in several areas -of application and large sets of languages. - - - -==The GF resource grammar library== - -The GF resource grammar library is a set of grammars usable as libraries when -building translation systems and other applications. -The library currently covers -the 9 languages coloured in green in the diagram above; in addition, -Catalan, Norwegian, and Russian are covered, and there is ongoing work on -Arabic, Hindi/Urdu, Polish, Romanian, and Thai. - -The purpose of the resource grammar library is to define the "low-level" structure -of a language: inflection, word order, agreement. This structure belongs to what -linguists call morphology and syntax. It can be very complex and requires -a lot of knowledge. Yet, when translating from one language to -another, knowing morphology and syntax is but a part of what is needed. -The translator (whether human -or machine) must understand the meaning of what is translated, and must also know -the idiomatic way to express the meaning in the target language. This knowledge -can be very domain-dependent and requires in general an expert in the field to -reach high quality: a mathematician in the field of mathematics, a meteorologist -in the field of weather reports, etc. - -The problem is to find a person who is an expert in both the domain of translation -and in the low-level linguistic details. It is the rareness of this combination -that has made it difficult to build interlingua-based translation systems. -The GF resource grammar library has the mission of helping in this task. -It encapsulates the low-level linguistics in program modules -accessed through easy-to-use interfaces. -Experts on different domains can build translation systems by using the library, -without knowing low-level linguistics. The idea is much the same as when a -programmer builds a graphical user interface (GUI) from high-level elements such as -buttons and menus, without having to care about pixels or geometrical forms. - - -===Missing EU languages, by the family=== - -Writing a grammar for a language is usually easier if other languages -from the same family already have grammars. The colours have the same -meaning as in the diagram above. - -Baltic: -#RED Latvian #ERED -#RED Lithuanian #ERED - -Celtic: -#RED Irish #ERED - -Fenno-Ugric: -#RED Estonian #ERED -#GRAY Finnish #EGRAY -#RED Hungarian #ERED - -Germanic: -#GRAY Danish #EGRAY -#RED Dutch #ERED -#GRAY English #EGRAY -#GRAY German #EGRAY -#GRAY Swedish #EGRAY - -Hellenic: -#RED Greek #ERED - -Romance: -#GRAY French #EGRAY -#GRAY Italian #EGRAY -#RED Portuguese #ERED -#YELLOW Romanian #ERED -#GRAY Spanish #EGRAY - -Semitic: -#RED Maltese #ERED - -Slavonic: -#GRAY Bulgarian #EGRAY -#RED Czech #ERED -#YELLOW Polish #ERED -#RED Slovak #ERED -#RED Slovenian #ERED - - - - - - -===Applications of the library=== - -In addition to translation, the library is also useful in **localization**, -that is, porting a piece of software to new languages. -The GF resource grammar library has been used in three major projects that need -interlingua-based translation or localization of systems to new languages: -- in KeY, - [``http://www.key-project.org/`` http://www.key-project.org/], - for writing formal and informal software specifications (3 languages) -- in WebALT, - [``http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/content/index_eng.html`` http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/content/index_eng.html], - for translating mathematical exercises to 7 languages -- in TALK [``http://www.talk-project.org`` http://www.talk-project.org], - where the library was used for localizing spoken dialogue systems - to six languages - - -The library is also a generic **linguistic resource**, -which can be used for tasks -such as language teaching and information retrieval. The liberal license (LGPL) -makes it usable for anyone and for any task. GF also has tools supporting the -use of grammars in programs written in other -programming languages: C, C++, Haskell, -Java, JavaScript, and Prolog. In connection with the TALK project, -support has also been -developed for translating GF grammars to language models used in speech -recognition (GSL/Nuance, HTK/ATK, SRGS, JSGF). - - - -===The structure of the library=== - -The library has the following main parts: -- **Inflection paradigms**, covering the inflection of each language. -- **Core Syntax**, covering a large set of syntax rule that - can be implemented for all languages involved. -- **Common Test Lexicon**, giving ca. 500 common words that can be used for - testing the library. -- **Language-Specific Syntax Extensions**, covering syntax rules that are - not implementable for all languages. -- **Language-Specific Lexica**, word lists for each language, with - accurate morphological and syntactic information. - - -The goal of the summer school is to implement, for each language, at least -the first three components. The latter three are more open-ended in character. - - -==The summer school== - -The goal of the summer school is to extend the GF resource grammar library -to covering all 23 EU languages, which means we need 15 new languages. -We also welcome other languages than these 23, -if there are interested participants. - -The amount of work and skill is between a Master's thesis and a PhD thesis. -The Russian implementation was made by Janna Khegai as a part of her -PhD thesis; the thesis contains other material, too. -The Arabic implementation was started by Ali El Dada in his Master's thesis, -but the thesis does not cover the whole API. The realistic amount of work is -somewhere between 3 and 8 person months, -but this is very much language-dependent. -Dutch, for instance, can profit from previous implementations of German and -Scandinavian languages, and will probably require less work. -Latvian and Lithuanian are the first languages of the Baltic family and -will probably require more work. - -In any case, the proposed allocation of work power is 2 participants per -language. They will do 1 months' worth of home work, followed -by 2 weeks of summer school, followed by 4 months work at home. -Who are these participants? - - -===Selecting participants=== - -Persons interested to participate in the Summer School should sign up in -the **Google Group** of the course, - -[``groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/`` http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/] - -The registration deadline is 15 June 2009. - -Notice: you can sign up in the Google -group even if you are not planning to attend the summer school, but are -just interested in the topic. There will be a separate registration to the -school itself later. - -The participants are recommended to learn GF in advance, by self-study from the -[tutorial http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/gf-tutorial.html]. -This should take a couple of weeks. An **on-line course** will be -arranged on 20-29 April to help in getting started with GF. - -At the end of the on-line course, a **programming assignment** will be published. -This assignment will test skills required in resource grammar programming. -Work on the assignment will take a couple of weeks. -Those who are interested in getting a travel grant will submit -their sample resource grammar fragment -to the Summer School Committee by 12 May. -The Committee then decides who is given a travel grant of up to 1000 EUR. - -Notice: you can participate in the summer school without following the on-line -course or participating in the contest. These things are required only if you -want a travel grant. If requested by enough many participants, the lectures of -the on-line course will be repeated in the beginning of the summer school. - -The summer school itself is devoted for working on resource grammars. -In addition to grammar writing itself, testing and evaluation is -performed. One way to do this is via adding new languages -to resource grammar applications - in particular, to the WebALT mathematical -exercise translator. - -The resource grammars are expected to be completed by December 2009. They will -be published at GF website and licensed under LGPL. - -The participants are encouraged to contact each other and even work in groups. - - - -===Who is qualified=== - -Writing a resource grammar implementation requires good general programming -skills, and a good explicit knowledge of the grammar of the target language. -A typical participant could be -- native or fluent speaker of the target language -- interested in languages on the theoretical level, and preferably familiar - with many languages (to be able to think about them on an abstract level) -- familiar with functional programming languages such as ML or Haskell - (GF itself is a language similar to these) -- on Master's or PhD level in linguistics, computer science, or mathematics - - -But it is the quality of the assignment that is assessed, not any formal -requirements. The "typical participant" was described to give an idea of -who is likely to succeed in this. - - -===Costs=== - -The summer school is free of charge. - -Some travel grants are given, on the basis of a programming contest, -to cover travel and accommodation costs up to 1000 EUR -per person. - -The number of grants will be decided during Spring 2009, and the grand -holders will be notified before the beginning of June. - -Special terms will apply to students in -[GSLT http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/] and -[NGSLT http://ngslt.org/]. - - - - - -===Teachers=== - -A list of teachers will be published here later. Some of the local teachers -probably involved are the following: -- Krasimir Angelov -- Robin Cooper -- Håkan Burden -- Markus Forsberg -- Harald Hammarström -- Peter Ljunglöf -- Aarne Ranta - - -More teachers are welcome! If you are interested, please contact us so that -we can discuss your involvement and travel arrangements. - -In addition to teachers, we will look for consultants who can help to assess -the results for each language. Please contact us! - - - -===The Summer School Committee=== - -This committee consists of a number of teachers and informants, -who will select the participants. It will be selected by April 2009. - - -===Time and Place=== - -The summer school will -be organized at the campus of Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, -Sweden, on 17-28 August 2009. - -Time schedule: -- February: announcement of summer school -- 20-29 April: on-line course -- 12 May: submission deadline for assignment work -- 31 May: review of assignments, notifications of acceptance -- 15 June: **registration deadline** -- 17-28 August: Summer School -- September-December: homework on resource grammars -- December: release of the extended Resource Grammar Library - - -===Dissemination and intellectual property=== - -The new resource grammars will be released under the LGPL just like -the current resource grammars, -with the copyright held by respective authors. - -The grammars will be distributed via the GF web site. - - - -==Why I should participate== - -Seven reasons: -+ participation in a pioneering language technology work in an - enthusiastic atmosphere -+ work and fun with people from all over Europe and the world -+ job opportunities and business ideas -+ credits: the school project will be established as a course at Chalmers worth - 7.5 or 15 ETCS points per person, depending on the work accompliched; also - extensions to Master's thesis will be considered (special credit arrangements - for [GSLT http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/] and [NGSLT http://ngslt.org/]) -+ merits: the resulting grammar can easily lead to a published paper (see below) -+ contribution to the multilingual and multicultural development of Europe and the - world -+ free trip and stay in Gothenburg (for travel grant students) - - -==More information== - -[Course Google Group http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/] - -[GF web page http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/] - -[GF tutorial http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/gf-tutorial.html] - -[GF resource synopsis http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/lib/resource/doc/synopsis.html] - -[Resource-HOWTO document http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/Resource-HOWTO.html] - - -===Contact=== - -Håkan Burden: burden at chalmers se - -Aarne Ranta: aarne at chalmers se - - - -===Selected publications from earlier resource grammar projects=== - -K. Angelov. -Type-Theoretical Bulgarian Grammar. -In B. Nordström and A. Ranta (eds), -//Advances in Natural Language Processing (GoTAL 2008)//, -LNCS/LNAI 5221, Springer, -2008. - -B. Bringert. -//Programming Language Techniques for Natural Language Applications//. -Phd thesis, Computer Science, University of Gothenburg, -2008. - -A. El Dada and A. Ranta. -Implementing an Open Source Arabic Resource Grammar in GF. -In M. Mughazy (ed), -//Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XX. Papers from the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics, Kalamazoo, March 26// -John Benjamins Publishing Company. -2007. - -A. El Dada. -Implementation of the Arabic Numerals and their Syntax in GF. -Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages: Common Issues and Resources, - ACL-2007 Workshop, -June 28, 2007, Prague. -2007. - -H. Hammarström and A. Ranta. -Cardinal Numerals Revisited in GF. -//Workshop on Numerals in the World's Languages//. -Dept. of Linguistics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, -2004. - -M. Humayoun, H. Hammarström, and A. Ranta. -Urdu Morphology, Orthography and Lexicon Extraction. -//CAASL-2: The Second Workshop on Computational Approaches to Arabic Script-based Languages//, -July 21-22, 2007, LSA 2007 Linguistic Institute, Stanford University. -2007. - -K. Johannisson. -//Formal and Informal Software Specifications.// -Phd thesis, Computer Science, University of Gothenburg, -2005. - -J. Khegai. -GF parallel resource grammars and Russian. -In proceedings of ACL2006 - (The joint conference of the International Committee on Computational - Linguistics and the Association for Computational Linguistics) (pp. 475-482), - Sydney, Australia, July 2006. - -J. Khegai. -//Language engineering in Grammatical Framework (GF)//. -Phd thesis, Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology, -2006. - -W. Ng'ang'a. -Multilingual content development for eLearning in Africa. -eLearning Africa: 1st Pan-African Conference on ICT for Development, - Education and Training. 24-26 May 2006, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. -2006. - -N. Perera and A. Ranta. -Dialogue System Localization with the GF Resource Grammar Library. -//SPEECHGRAM 2007: ACL Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing//, -June 29, 2007, Prague. -2007. - -A. Ranta. -Modular Grammar Engineering in GF. -//Research on Language and Computation//, -5:133-158, 2007. - -A. Ranta. -How predictable is Finnish morphology? An experiment on lexicon construction. -In J. Nivre, M. Dahllöf and B. Megyesi (eds), -//Resourceful Language Technology: Festschrift in Honor of Anna Sågvall Hein//, -University of Uppsala, -2008. - -A. Ranta. Grammars as Software Libraries. -To appear in -Y. Bertot, G. Huet, J-J. Lévy, and G. Plotkin (eds.), -//From Semantics to Computer Science//, -Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009. - -A. Ranta and K. Angelov. -Implementing Controlled Languages in GF. -To appear in the proceedings of //CNL 2009//. - |