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Diffstat (limited to 'grammars/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf')
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diff --git a/grammars/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf b/grammars/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf deleted file mode 100644 index a970c4d85..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,260 +0,0 @@ ---1 Finnish Lexical Paradigms --- --- Aarne Ranta 2003 --- --- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar --- for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming --- expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. --- --- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are --- accessed through the resource syntax API, $resource.Abs.gf$. --- --- The main difference with $morpho.Fin.gf$ is that the types --- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover --- had the design principle of always having existing forms as string --- arguments of the paradigms, not stems. --- --- This is the path to read the grammar from the same directory. ---# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude --- --- The following modules are presupposed: - -resource ParadigmsFin = open (Predef=Predef), Prelude, SyntaxFin, Finnish in { - ---2 Parameters --- --- To abstract over gender, number, and (some) case names, --- we define the following identifiers. - -oper - human : Gender ; - nonhuman : Gender ; - - -- singular : Number ; - -- singular : Number ; - - nominative : Case ; - genitive : Case ; - partitive : Case ; - inessive : Case ; - elative : Case ; - illative : Case ; - adessive : Case ; - ablative : Case ; - allative : Case ; - ---2 Nouns - --- Worst case: give ten forms and the semantic gender. --- In practice just a couple of forms are needed, to define the different --- stems, vowel alternation, and vowel harmony. - -oper - mkN : (talo,talon,talona,taloa,taloon,taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin - : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Nouns with partitive "a"/"ä" are a large group. --- To determine for grade and vowel alternation, three forms are usually needed: --- singular nominative and genitive, and plural partitive. --- Examples: "talo", "kukko", "huippu", "koira", "kukka", "syylä", "särki"... - - nKukko : (kukko,kukon,kukkoja : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- A special case are nouns with no alternations: --- the vowel harmony is inferred from the last letter, --- which must be one of "o", "u", "ö", "y". - - nTalo : (talo : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Foreign words ending in consonants are actually similar to words like --- "malli"/"mallin"/"malleja", with the exception that the "i" is not attached --- to the singular nominative. Examples: "linux", "savett", "screen". --- The singular partitive form is used to get the vowel harmony. (N.B. more than --- 1-syllabic words ending in "n" would have variant plural genitive and --- partitive forms, like "sultanien"/"sultaneiden", which are not covered.) - - nLinux : (linuxia : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Nouns of at least 3 syllables ending with "a" or "ä", like "peruna", "tavara", --- "rytinä". - - nPeruna : (peruna : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- The following paradigm covers both nouns ending in an aspirated "e", such as --- "rae", "perhe", "savuke", and also many ones ending in a consonant --- ("rengas", "kätkyt"). The singular nominative and essive are given. - - nRae : (rae, rakeena : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- The following covers nouns with partitive "ta"/"tä", such as --- "susi", "vesi", "pieni". To get all stems and the vowel harmony, it takes --- the singular nominative, genitive, and essive. - - nSusi : (susi,suden,sutta : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Nouns ending with a long vowel, such as "puu", "pää", "pii", "leikkuu", --- are inflected according to the following. - - nPuu : (puu : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- One-syllable diphthong nouns, such as "suo", "tie", "työ", are inflected by --- the following. - - nSuo : (suo : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Many adjectives but also nouns have the nominative ending "nen" which in other --- cases becomes "s": "nainen", "ihminen", "keltainen". --- To capture the vowel harmony, we use the partitive form as the argument. - - nNainen : (naista : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- The following covers some nouns ending with a consonant, e.g. --- "tilaus", "kaulin", "paimen", "laidun". - - nTilaus : (tilaus,tilauksena : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- The following covers nouns like "nauris" and adjectives like "kallis", "tyyris". --- The partitive form is taken to get the vowel harmony. - - nNauris : (naurista : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Separately-written compound nouns, like "sambal oelek", "Urho Kekkonen", --- have only their last part inflected. - - nComp : Str -> N -> N ; - --- Nouns used as functions need a case, of which by far the commonest is --- the genitive. - - mkFun : N -> Case -> Fun ; - fGen : N -> Fun ; - --- Proper names can be formed by using declensions for nouns. - - mkPN : N -> PN ; - - ---2 Adjectives - --- Non-comparison one-place adjectives are just like nouns. - - mkAdj1 : N -> Adj1 ; - --- Two-place adjectives need a case for the second argument. - - mkAdj2 : N -> Case -> Adj2 ; - --- Comparison adjectives have three forms. The comparative and the superlative --- are always inflected in the same way, so the nominative of them is actually --- enough (except for the superlative "paras" of "hyvä"). - - mkAdjDeg : (kiva : N) -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> AdjDeg ; - - ---2 Verbs --- --- The fragment only has present tense so far, but in all persons. --- The worst case needs five forms, as shown in the following. - - mkV : (tulla,tulen,tulee,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan : Str) -> V ; - --- A simple special case is the one with just one stem and no grade alternation. --- It covers e.g. "sanoa", "valua", "kysyä". - - vValua : (valua : Str) -> V ; - --- With two forms, the following function covers a variety of verbs, such as --- "ottaa", "käyttää", "löytää", "huoltaa", "hiihtää", "siirtää". - - vKattaa : (kattaa, katan : Str) -> V ; - --- When grade alternation is not present, just a one-form special case is needed --- ("poistaa", "ryystää"). - - vOstaa : (ostaa : Str) -> V ; - --- The following covers --- "juosta", "piestä", "nousta", "rangaista", "kävellä", "surra", "panna". - - vNousta : (nousta, nousen : Str) -> V ; - --- This is for one-syllable diphthong verbs like "juoda", "syödä". - - vTuoda : (tuoda : Str) -> V ; - --- The verbs "be" and the negative auxiliary are special. - - vOlla : V ; - vEi : V ; - --- Two-place verbs need a case, and can have a pre- or postposition. --- At least one of the latter is empty, $[]$. - - mkTV : V -> Case -> (prep,postp : Str) -> TV ; - --- If both are empty, the following special function can be used. - - tvCase : V -> Case -> TV ; - --- Verbs with a direct (accusative) object --- are special, since their complement case is finally decided in syntax. - - tvDir : V -> TV ; - --- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are --- hidden from the document. ---. - -- singular defined in types.Fin - -- plural defined in types.Fin - - human = Human ; - nonhuman = NonHuman ; - - nominative = Nom ; - genitive = Gen ; - partitive = Part ; - inessive = Iness ; - elative = Elat ; - illative = Illat ; - adessive = Adess ; - ablative = Ablat ; - allative = Allat ; - - mkN = \a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k -> - mkNoun a b c d e f g h i j ** {g = k ; lock_N = <>} ; - - nKukko = \a,b,c,g -> sKukko a b c ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nTalo = \a,g -> sTalo a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nLinux = \a,g -> sLinux a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nPeruna = \a,g -> sPeruna a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nRae = \a,b,g -> sRae a b ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nSusi = \a,b,c,g -> sSusi a b c ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nPuu = \a,g -> sPuu a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nSuo = \a,g -> sSuo a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nNainen = \a,g -> sNainen a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nTilaus = \a,b,g -> sTilaus a b ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - nNauris = \a,g -> sNauris a ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; - - - nComp = \s,n -> {s = \\c => s ++ n.s ! c ; g = n.g ; lock_N = <>} ; - mkFun = \n,c -> n2n n ** {c = NPCase c ; lock_Fun = <>} ; - fGen = \n -> mkFun n genitive ; - mkPN n = mkProperName n ** {lock_PN = <>} ; - - mkAdj1 = \x -> {s = x.s ; lock_Adj1 = <>} ; - mkAdj2 = \x,c -> mkAdj1 x ** {c = NPCase c ; lock_Adj2 = <>} ; - mkAdjDeg x y z = regAdjDegr x y z ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ; - - mkV a b c d e f = mkVerb a b c d e f ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vValua v = vSanoa v ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vKattaa v u = vOttaa v u ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vOstaa v = vPoistaa v ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vNousta v u = vJuosta v u ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vTuoda v = vJuoda v ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vOlla = verbOlla ** {lock_V = <>} ; - vEi = verbEi ** {lock_V = <>} ; - - mkTV = \v,c,p,o -> v ** {s3 = p ; s4 = o ; c = c ; lock_TV = <>} ; - tvCase = \v,c -> mkTV v c [] [] ; - tvDir v = mkTransVerbDir v ** {lock_TV = <>} ; -} ; |
