From f7f0112256b738a7c640c37d5bcbfc8a33bdb307 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se>
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2010 11:07:24 +0000
Subject: added examples/SUMO

---
 examples/SUMO/Merge.gf | 6829 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 6829 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/SUMO/Merge.gf

(limited to 'examples/SUMO/Merge.gf')

diff --git a/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf b/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
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+-- # -path=.:englishExtended
+abstract Merge = Basic ** {
+
+
+
+-- Any AnatomicalStructure which 
+-- is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is 
+-- the result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, 
+-- goiters, etc.
+fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AbnormalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+-- This is a PositionalAttribute derived from the 
+-- up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly 
+-- above, i.e., if one object is Above another object, then the projections 
+-- of the two objects overlap.
+fun Above  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The value of (AbsoluteValueFn ?NUMBER) 
+-- is the absolute value of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+fun AbsoluteValueFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeRealNumber ;
+
+
+-- Properties or qualities as distinguished from any 
+-- particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. 
+-- Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical 
+-- objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular 
+-- place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.
+fun Abstract  : Class ;
+fun Abstract_Class : SubClass Abstract Entity ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a Class into 
+-- the instance of Attribute that specifies the condition(s) for membership 
+-- in the Class.
+fun AbstractionFn  : Class -> Ind Attribute ;
+
+
+-- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
+-- (AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical sum of these 
+-- numbers.
+fun AdditionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close 
+-- to, near or abutting ?OBJ2. This PositionalAttribute covers the 
+-- following common sense notions: adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, 
+-- is juxtaposed, and is close to.
+fun Adjacent  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- One of the parts of speech. The Class of 
+-- Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.
+fun Adjective  : Class ;
+fun Adjective_Class : SubClass Adjective Word ;
+
+-- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+-- that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.
+fun Adverb  : Class ;
+fun Adverb_Class : SubClass Adverb Word ;
+
+-- A Disseminating whose purpose is to 
+-- promote the sale of an Object represented in a Text or Icon 
+-- (the advertisement).
+fun Advertising  : Class ;
+fun Advertising_Class : SubClass Advertising Disseminating ;
+
+-- A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the 
+-- same age.
+fun AgeGroup  : Class ;
+fun AgeGroup_Class : SubClass AgeGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+-- Something or someone that can act on its own and 
+-- produce changes in the world.
+fun Agent  : Class ;
+fun Agent_Class : SubClass Agent Object ;
+
+-- Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the 
+-- atmosphere surrounding Earth.
+fun Air  : Class ;
+fun Air_Class : SubClass Air GasMixture ;
+
+-- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
+-- relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.
+fun AlethicAttribute  : Class ;
+fun AlethicAttribute_Class : SubClass AlethicAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+-- A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, 
+-- but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.
+fun Alga  : Class ;
+fun Alga_Class : SubClass Alga NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+-- Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by 
+-- means of the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one 
+-- point to another.
+fun Ambulating  : Class ;
+fun Ambulating_Class : SubClass Ambulating (both BodyMotion Translocation) ;
+
+
+-- SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is 
+-- one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Ampere is 
+-- that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel 
+-- conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross_section, and 
+-- placed 1 Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors 
+-- a force equal to 2*10^(_7) Newton per Meter of length.
+fun Ampere  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A cold_blooded, smooth_skinned Vertebrate 
+-- which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by 
+-- gills. When mature, the Amphibian breathes with Lungs.
+fun Amphibian  : Class ;
+fun Amphibian_Class : SubClass Amphibian ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+-- Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of 
+-- the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope.
+fun Amu  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- A normal or pathological part 
+-- of the anatomy or structural organization of an Organism. This 
+-- class covers BodyParts, as well as structures that are given off 
+-- by Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
+fun AnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+fun AnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnatomicalStructure OrganicObject ;
+
+-- The value of an angle in a plane or in a 
+-- solid.
+fun AngleMeasure  : Class ;
+fun AngleMeasure_Class : SubClass AngleMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- The Angstrom is a LengthMeasure. 
+-- 1 Angstrom = 10^(_10) m
+fun Angstrom  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- A plane angle measure.
+fun AngularDegree  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Attributes that indicate whether an 
+-- Organism is alive or not.
+fun AnimacyAttribute  : Class ;
+fun AnimacyAttribute_Class : SubClass AnimacyAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- An Organism with eukaryotic Cells, and lacking 
+-- stiff cell walls, plastids, and photosynthetic pigments.
+fun Animal  : Class ;
+fun Animal_Organism  : SubClassC Animal Organism (\ANIMAL -> and (forall AnimalSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var AnimalSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL))) (forall AnimalAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var AnimalAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL)))) ;
+
+
+-- AnatomicalStructures that 
+-- are possessed exclusively by Animals.
+fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnimalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+-- The subclass of Languages used by 
+-- Animals other than Humans.
+fun AnimalLanguage  : Class ;
+fun AnimalLanguage_Class : SubClass AnimalLanguage Language ;
+
+-- BodySubstances that are produced 
+-- exclusively by Animals.
+fun AnimalSubstance  : Class ;
+fun AnimalSubstance_Class : SubClass AnimalSubstance BodySubstance ;
+
+-- AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute is the class of 
+-- PositionalAttribute that hold in only one direction. I.e. two objects cannot
+-- simulataneously be On each other.
+fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+-- Various Primates with no tails or only short 
+-- tails.
+fun Ape  : Class ;
+fun Ape_Class : SubClass Ape Primate ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are April.
+fun April  : Class ;
+fun April_Class : SubClass April Month ;
+
+-- The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly 
+-- in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses.
+fun AquaticMammal  : Class ;
+fun AquaticMammal_Class : SubClass AquaticMammal Mammal ;
+
+-- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
+-- ticks and spiders.
+fun Arachnid  : Class ;
+fun Arachnid_Class : SubClass Arachnid Arthropod ;
+
+-- Measures of the amount of space in two 
+-- dimensions.
+fun AreaMeasure  : Class ;
+fun AreaMeasure_Class : SubClass AreaMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
+
+-- Any proposition which has the form of a deductive 
+-- or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply 
+-- a conclusion.
+fun Argument  : Class ;
+fun Argument_Class : SubClass Argument Proposition ;
+
+-- Artifacts that are created primarily for 
+-- aesthetic appreciation. Note that this Class does not include 
+-- most examples of architecture, which belong under StationaryArtifact.
+fun ArtWork  : Class ;
+fun ArtWork_Class : SubClass ArtWork Artifact ;
+
+-- A Class of Invertebrate that includes 
+-- Arachnids and Insects.
+fun Arthropod  : Class ;
+fun Arthropod_Class : SubClass Arthropod Invertebrate ;
+
+-- A relatively short Text that either is unbound or is 
+-- bound with other Articles in a Book.
+fun Article  : Class ;
+fun Article_Class : SubClass Article Text ;
+
+-- A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a 
+-- Making.
+fun Artifact  : Class ;
+fun Artifact_Class : SubClass Artifact CorpuscularObject ;
+
+-- The subclass of Languages that are 
+-- designed by Humans.
+fun ArtificialLanguage  : Class ;
+fun ArtificialLanguage_Class : SubClass ArtificialLanguage Language ;
+
+-- Asexual Processes of biological 
+-- reproduction.
+fun AsexualReproduction  : Class ;
+fun AsexualReproduction_Class : SubClass AsexualReproduction Replication ;
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
+-- sleeping.
+fun Asleep  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all astronomical 
+-- objects of significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects 
+-- like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as Collections like 
+-- nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth 
+-- is an AstronomicalBody, but every Region of Earth is a 
+-- GeographicArea.
+fun AstronomicalBody  : Class ;
+fun AstronomicalBody_Class : SubClass AstronomicalBody Region ;
+
+-- An extremely small unit of matter that retains its 
+-- identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an AtomicNucleus and 
+-- Electrons surrounding the AtomicNucleus.
+fun Atom  : Class ;
+fun Atom_Class : SubClass Atom ElementalSubstance ;
+
+-- MassMeasure that is also known as the gram_atom. 
+-- Defined as the mass in grams of 1 Mole of pure substance. For example, 
+-- 1 AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 AtomGrams 
+-- of the same substance will be 24 Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in 
+-- that it is essentially 1 Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the 
+-- actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance.
+fun AtomGram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- The core of the Atom. It is composed of 
+-- Protons and Neutrons.
+fun AtomicNucleus  : Class ;
+fun AtomicNucleus_Class : SubClass AtomicNucleus SubatomicParticle ;
+
+-- A Process where one Object becomes attached 
+-- to another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two 
+-- things which are attached may already be in the same location. Note that 
+-- Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to 
+-- Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too 
+-- that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the 
+-- two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location 
+-- where they were combined.
+fun Attaching  : Class ;
+fun Attaching_Class : SubClass Attaching DualObjectProcess ;
+
+-- A Device whose purpose is to attach one thing 
+-- to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc.
+fun AttachingDevice  : Class ;
+fun AttachingDevice_Class : SubClass AttachingDevice Device ;
+
+-- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the 
+-- agent attempts to inflict damage on the patient.
+fun Attack  : Class ;
+fun Attack_Class : SubClass Attack Maneuver ;
+
+-- Qualities which we cannot or choose not to 
+-- reify into subclasses of Object.
+fun Attribute  : Class ;
+fun Attribute_Class : SubClass Attribute Abstract ;
+
+-- A sound level capable of being heard by a Human.
+fun Audible  : Ind SoundAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are August.
+fun August  : Class ;
+fun August_Class : SubClass August Month ;
+
+-- The class of PhysiologicProcesses of 
+-- which there is not conscious awareness and control.
+fun AutonomicProcess  : Class ;
+fun AutonomicProcess_Class : SubClass AutonomicProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
+-- neither Unconscious nor Asleep.
+fun Awake  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
+-- that is opposite the FrontFn of the Object. Note that this is a 
+-- partial function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples 
+-- and spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
+-- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
+-- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
+-- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
+-- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
+fun BackFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+
+-- A small, typically one_celled, prokaryotic 
+-- Microorganism.
+fun Bacterium  : Class ;
+fun Bacterium_Class : SubClass Bacterium Microorganism ;
+
+-- A ViolentContest between two or more military 
+-- units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the 
+-- metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some 
+-- sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of 
+-- Contest.
+fun Battle  : Class ;
+fun Battle_Class : SubClass Battle ViolentContest ;
+
+-- SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures 
+-- the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is 
+-- that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic 
+-- disintegration per SecondDuration. Becquerel = s^(_1).
+fun Becquerel  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
+-- the TimePoint at which the interval begins.
+fun BeginFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
+-- to the GraphNode that is the beginning of the GraphPath. Note that, 
+-- unlike InitialNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
+-- BeginNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a beginning.
+fun BeginNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+
+-- A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief 
+-- or set of beliefs.
+fun BeliefGroup  : Class ;
+fun BeliefGroup_Class : SubClass BeliefGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+-- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+-- up/down schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means 
+-- directly below, i.e., if one object is Below another object, then the 
+-- projections of the two objects overlap.
+fun Below  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A FinancialTransaction where an instance of 
+-- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger 
+-- instance of CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of 
+-- Game.
+fun Betting  : Class ;
+fun Betting_Class : SubClass Betting FinancialTransaction ;
+
+-- Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. 
+-- Note that this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food, 
+-- i.e. Meat and FruitOrVegetable.
+fun Beverage  : Class ;
+fun Beverage_Class : SubClass Beverage Food ;
+
+-- Elements from the number system with base 2. 
+-- Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.
+fun BinaryNumber  : Class ;
+fun BinaryNumber_Class : SubClass BinaryNumber RealNumber ;
+
+-- Attributes that apply specifically 
+-- to instances of Organism.
+fun BiologicalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun BiologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass BiologicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- A Process embodied in an Organism.
+fun BiologicalProcess  : Class ;
+fun BiologicalProcess_Class : SubClass BiologicalProcess InternalChange ;
+
+-- A Substance that is 
+-- capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an 
+-- Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, 
+-- diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. 
+-- This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body 
+-- and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance 
+-- includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special 
+-- handling because of their toxicity.
+fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance  : Class ;
+fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance_Class : SubClass BiologicallyActiveSubstance Substance ;
+
+-- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
+-- and characterized by the presence of feathers.
+fun Bird  : Class ;
+fun Bird_Class : SubClass Bird WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+-- The Process of being born.
+fun Birth  : Class ;
+fun Birth_Class : SubClass Birth OrganismProcess ;
+
+-- One Bit of information. A one or a zero.
+fun Bit  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+
+-- The Attribute of being black in color.
+fun Black  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+
+-- A fluid present in Animals that transports 
+-- Nutrients to and waste products away from various BodyParts.
+fun Blood  : Class ;
+fun Blood_Class : SubClass Blood BodySubstance ;
+
+-- The Attribute of being blue in color.
+fun Blue  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+
+-- Any BodyPart which contains an unfilled space, 
+-- e.g. BodyVessels, the atria and ventricles of the heart, the lungs, etc.
+fun BodyCavity  : Class ;
+fun BodyCavity_Class : SubClass BodyCavity BodyPart ;
+
+-- Any BodyPart which is a covering of another 
+-- BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of 
+-- FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals.
+fun BodyCovering  : Class ;
+fun BodyCovering_Class : SubClass BodyCovering BodyPart ;
+
+-- The place where two BodyParts 
+-- meet or connect.
+fun BodyJunction  : Class ;
+fun BodyJunction_Class : SubClass BodyJunction BodyPart ;
+
+-- Any Motion where the agent is an Organism 
+-- and the patient is a BodyPart.
+fun BodyMotion  : Class ;
+fun BodyMotion_Class : SubClass BodyMotion Motion ;
+
+-- A collection of Cells and Tissues which 
+-- are localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not 
+-- pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures 
+-- to small components of complex Organs.
+fun BodyPart  : Class ;
+fun BodyPart_Class : SubClass BodyPart AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+-- The class of Attributes expressing 
+-- configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans, 
+-- e.g. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc.
+fun BodyPosition  : Class ;
+fun BodyPosition_Class : SubClass BodyPosition BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- Extracellular material and mixtures of 
+-- cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted 
+-- by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental 
+-- enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid.
+fun BodySubstance  : Class ;
+fun BodySubstance_Class : SubClass BodySubstance Substance ;
+
+-- Any tube_like structure which occurs naturally in 
+-- an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate.
+fun BodyVessel  : Class ;
+fun BodyVessel_Class : SubClass BodyVessel BodyCavity ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where a Substance is 
+-- heated and converted from a Liquid to a Gas.
+fun Boiling  : Class ;
+fun Boiling_Class : SubClass Boiling StateChange ;
+
+-- Rigid Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up 
+-- the skeleton of Vertebrates. Note that this Class also includes teeth.
+fun Bone  : Class ;
+fun Bone_Class : SubClass Bone (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
+
+
+-- A Text that has pages and is bound.
+fun Book  : Class ;
+fun Book_Class : SubClass Book Text ;
+
+-- The subclass of Getting Processes where 
+-- the agent gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation 
+-- that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).
+fun Borrowing  : Class ;
+fun Borrowing_Class : SubClass Borrowing Getting ;
+
+-- The Process of respiration, by which oxygen 
+-- is made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, 
+-- exhalation, and alternations between the two.
+fun Breathing  : Class ;
+fun Breathing_Class : SubClass Breathing (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
+
+
+-- An energy measure.
+fun BritishThermalUnit  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are 
+-- intended to house Humans and their activities.
+fun Building  : Class ;
+fun Building_Class : SubClass Building StationaryArtifact ;
+
+-- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
+-- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.
+fun Buying  : Class ;
+fun Buying_Class : SubClass Buying FinancialTransaction ;
+
+-- One Byte of information. A Byte is eight 
+-- Bits.
+fun Byte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+
+-- IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve 
+-- the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.
+fun Calculating  : Class ;
+fun Calculating_Class : SubClass Calculating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- A Calorie is an energy measure.
+fun Calorie  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. 
+-- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
+-- follows: the Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, 
+-- of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 
+-- Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 
+-- Watt per Steradian.
+fun Candela  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Carnivores with completely 
+-- separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles.
+fun Canine  : Class ;
+fun Canine_Class : SubClass Canine Carnivore ;
+
+-- An element of living cells and a source of 
+-- energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates, 
+-- i.e. sugars, and complex Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.
+fun Carbohydrate  : Class ;
+fun Carbohydrate_Class : SubClass Carbohydrate Nutrient ;
+
+fun CardinalityFn  : El (either SetOrClass Collection) -> Ind Number ;
+
+-- The Class of flesh_eating Mammals. Members 
+-- of this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes 
+-- cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks.
+fun Carnivore  : Class ;
+fun Carnivore_Class : SubClass Carnivore Mammal ;
+
+-- Transfer from one point to another by means of 
+-- an Animal or Human.
+fun Carrying  : Class ;
+fun Carrying_Class : SubClass Carrying Transfer ;
+
+-- (CeilingFn ?NUMBER) returns the smallest 
+-- Integer greater than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+fun CeilingFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- The fundamental structural and functional unit of 
+-- living Organisms.
+fun Cell  : Class ;
+fun Cell_Class : SubClass Cell BodyPart ;
+
+-- A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point 
+-- and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 
+-- CelsiusDegrees.
+fun CelsiusDegree  : Ind (both TemperatureMeasure UnitOfMeasure) ;
+
+
+-- (CenterOfCircleFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the 
+-- GeometricPoint that is the center of the Circle ?CIRCLE.
+fun CenterOfCircleFn  : El Circle -> Ind GeometricPoint ;
+
+
+-- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is 
+-- the 100th part of a Meter
+fun Centimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+-- midwestern United States.
+fun CentralTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+
+-- A Text that confers a right or obligation 
+-- on the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation 
+-- need not be a legal one, as in the case of an academic diploma that grants 
+-- certain privileges in the professional world.
+fun Certificate  : Class ;
+fun Certificate_Class : SubClass Certificate Text ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where 
+-- ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another.
+fun ChangeOfPossession  : Class ;
+fun ChangeOfPossession_Class : SubClass ChangeOfPossession SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. 
+-- Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character 
+-- is a subclass of SymbolicString, because every instance of Character is 
+-- an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.
+fun Character  : Class ;
+fun Character_Class : SubClass Character SymbolicString ;
+
+-- The Class of ChemicalProcesses 
+-- in which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.
+fun ChemicalDecomposition  : Class ;
+fun ChemicalDecomposition_Class : SubClass ChemicalDecomposition (both ChemicalProcess Separating) ;
+
+
+-- A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever 
+-- chemical compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. 
+-- For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products 
+-- appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical 
+-- reaction takes place. Catalysts in a ChemicalProcess may speed up the 
+-- reaction, but aren't themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of 
+-- iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to 
+-- gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.
+fun ChemicalProcess  : Class ;
+fun ChemicalProcess_Class : SubClass ChemicalProcess InternalChange ;
+
+-- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in 
+-- which a CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.
+fun ChemicalSynthesis  : Class ;
+fun ChemicalSynthesis_Class : SubClass ChemicalSynthesis (both ChemicalProcess Combining) ;
+
+
+-- The class of Ovals such that all GeometricPoints 
+-- that make up the Circle are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, 
+-- known as the center of the Circle.
+fun Circle  : Class ;
+fun Circle_Class : SubClass Circle Oval ;
+
+-- A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited 
+-- by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. 
+-- Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements 
+-- like towns, villages, hamlets, etc.
+fun City  : Class ;
+fun City_Class : SubClass City (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+
+-- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. 
+-- Note that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact 
+-- that the latter covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any 
+-- Proposition, while the former involves the assignment of a label 
+-- or category.
+fun Classifying  : Class ;
+fun Classifying_Class : SubClass Classifying IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- Any TwoDimensionalFigure which 
+-- has a well defined interior and exterior.
+fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+-- Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other 
+-- materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans.
+fun Clothing  : Class ;
+fun Clothing_Class : SubClass Clothing WearableItem ;
+
+-- Any GasMixture that is visible, e.g. Smoke produced 
+-- by a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.
+fun Cloud  : Class ;
+fun Cloud_Class : SubClass Cloud GasMixture ;
+
+-- A SentientAgent with responsibilities 
+-- and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is 
+-- essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although 
+-- Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of 
+-- CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, 
+-- chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials 
+-- (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.
+fun CognitiveAgent  : Class ;
+fun CognitiveAgent_Class : SubClass CognitiveAgent SentientAgent ;
+
+-- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
+-- is not internally regulated.
+fun ColdBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
+fun ColdBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass ColdBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
+
+-- Collections have members like Classes, but, 
+-- unlike Classes, they have a position in space_time and members can be 
+-- added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the 
+-- Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks 
+-- of sheep.
+fun Collection  : Class ;
+fun Collection_Class : SubClass Collection Object ;
+
+-- The Class of Attributes relating to the 
+-- color of Objects.
+fun ColorAttribute  : Class ;
+fun ColorAttribute_Class : SubClass ColorAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- The subclass of SurfaceChange where a 
+-- ColorAttribute of the patient is altered. Note that the change in
+-- color may apply to just part of the object.
+fun Coloring  : Class ;
+fun Coloring_Class : SubClass Coloring SurfaceChange ;
+
+-- A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects 
+-- are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining 
+-- is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects 
+-- being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects 
+-- being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different 
+-- from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or 
+-- may not be moved from the location where they were combined.
+fun Combining  : Class ;
+fun Combining_Class : SubClass Combining DualObjectProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an Object 
+-- reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in which 
+-- something is burning.
+fun Combustion  : Class ;
+fun Combustion_Class : SubClass Combustion ChemicalDecomposition ;
+
+-- An Agent that provides products and/or 
+-- services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.
+fun CommercialAgent  : Class ;
+fun CommercialAgent_Class : SubClass CommercialAgent Agent ;
+
+-- Any FinancialTransaction by a 
+-- CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.
+fun CommercialService  : Class ;
+fun CommercialService_Class : SubClass CommercialService (both FinancialTransaction ServiceProcess) ;
+
+
+-- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some 
+-- future course. For example, Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.
+fun Committing  : Class ;
+fun Committing_Class : SubClass Committing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+-- A SocialInteraction that involves 
+-- the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. 
+-- Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially 
+-- different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation 
+-- or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is 
+-- the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message.
+fun Communication  : Class ;
+fun Communication_Class : SubClass Communication (both ContentBearingProcess SocialInteraction) ;
+
+
+-- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of 
+-- two or more Entities.
+fun Comparing  : Class ;
+fun Comparing_Class : SubClass Comparing (both DualObjectProcess IntentionalPsychologicalProcess) ;
+
+
+-- The complement of a given SetOrClass C is the 
+-- SetOrClass of all things that are not instances of C. In other words, an 
+-- object is an instance of the complement of a SetOrClass C just in case it 
+-- is not an instance of C.
+fun ComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A Number that has the form: x + yi, where x 
+-- and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of _1.
+fun ComplexNumber  : Class ;
+fun ComplexNumber_Class : SubClass ComplexNumber Number ;
+
+-- Instances
+-- of this Class are UnitsOfMeasure defined by the functional
+-- composition of other units, each of which might be a
+-- CompositeUnitOfMeasure or a NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure.
+fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass CompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- The Class of Substances that contain 
+-- two or more elements (ElementalSubstances), in definite proportion by weight. 
+-- The composition of a pure compound will be invariant, regardless of the method 
+-- of preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element). 
+-- The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still 
+-- retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt (sodium 
+-- chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), and water (H_2O).
+fun CompoundSubstance  : Class ;
+fun CompoundSubstance_Class : SubClass CompoundSubstance PureSubstance ;
+
+-- The class of Languages designed for 
+-- and interpreted by a computer.
+fun ComputerLanguage  : Class ;
+fun ComputerLanguage_Class : SubClass ComputerLanguage ArtificialLanguage ;
+
+-- A set of instructions in a computer 
+-- programming language that can be executed by a computer.
+fun ComputerProgram  : Class ;
+fun ComputerProgram_Class : SubClass ComputerProgram Procedure ;
+
+-- The process of developing a 
+-- ComputerProgram
+fun ComputerProgramming  : Class ;
+fun ComputerProgramming_Class : SubClass ComputerProgramming ContentDevelopment ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+-- cooled and converted from a Gas to a Liquid.
+fun Condensing  : Class ;
+fun Condensing_Class : SubClass Condensing StateChange ;
+
+-- The Class of Keeping Processes where the 
+-- patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers 
+-- caging, imprisonment, jailing, etc.
+fun Confining  : Class ;
+fun Confining_Class : SubClass Confining Keeping ;
+
+-- Attributes that indicate whether 
+-- an Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of 
+-- an Organism.
+fun ConsciousnessAttribute  : Class ;
+fun ConsciousnessAttribute_Class : SubClass ConsciousnessAttribute StateOfMind ;
+
+-- A ConstantQuantity
+-- is a PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 3 Meters and
+-- 5 HourDurations. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every
+-- ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantity is
+-- distinguished from FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the
+-- latter is formed through the mapping of one PhysicalQuantity to
+-- another PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of ConstantQuantity is
+-- expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a
+-- Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters
+-- is expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). Instances of
+-- ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see
+-- PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since
+-- lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is
+-- defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a
+-- total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class
+-- ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of
+-- ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to
+-- elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity
+-- (such as mass quantities).
+fun ConstantQuantity  : Class ;
+fun ConstantQuantity_Class : SubClass ConstantQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+-- An ConstructedLanguage is a 
+-- HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language
+-- community, but rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by 
+-- one or more language experts, often with an aim to produce a more 
+-- grammatically regular language than any language that has evolved 
+-- naturally. This Class includes languages like Esperanto that were 
+-- created to facilitate international communication
+fun ConstructedLanguage  : Class ;
+fun ConstructedLanguage_Class : SubClass ConstructedLanguage (both ArtificialLanguage HumanLanguage) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Making in which a 
+-- StationaryArtifact is built.
+fun Constructing  : Class ;
+fun Constructing_Class : SubClass Constructing Making ;
+
+-- Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses 
+-- content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject 
+-- is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or 
+-- physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.
+fun ContentBearingObject  : Class ;
+fun ContentBearingObject_Class : SubClass ContentBearingObject (both ContentBearingPhysical CorpuscularObject) ;
+
+
+-- Any Object or Process that
+-- expresses content. This covers Objects that contain a Proposition,
+-- such as a book, as well as ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly
+-- contain a Proposition.
+fun ContentBearingPhysical  : Class ;
+fun ContentBearingPhysical_Class : SubClass ContentBearingPhysical Physical ;
+
+-- Any Process, for example 
+-- ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition.
+fun ContentBearingProcess  : Class ;
+fun ContentBearingProcess_Class : SubClass ContentBearingProcess ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+-- A subclass of IntentionalProcess in 
+-- which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.
+fun ContentDevelopment  : Class ;
+fun ContentDevelopment_Class : SubClass ContentDevelopment IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- A SocialInteraction where the agent and 
+-- patient are CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. 
+-- Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural 
+-- language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or 
+-- sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment.
+fun Contest  : Class ;
+fun Contest_Class : SubClass Contest SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- A Class containing Attributes that are 
+-- specific to participants in a Contest. In particular, these Attributes 
+-- indicate the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect 
+-- to other agent(s) in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes 
+-- are winning, losing, won, lost, etc.
+fun ContestAttribute  : Class ;
+fun ContestAttribute_Class : SubClass ContestAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+-- As defined in the CIA World Fact Book, 
+-- Continent covers seven land masses: Africa, NorthAmerica, 
+-- SouthAmerica, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. 
+-- Note that Australia, counted as a continent in some other systems, 
+-- is included in Oceania in the Fact Book. As a consequence, there 
+-- is no Nation which is also a Continent.
+fun Continent  : Class ;
+fun Continent_Class : SubClass Continent LandArea ;
+
+-- The Making of an instance of Food. Note 
+-- that this can cover any preparation of Food, e.g. making a salad, 
+-- cutting up fruit, etc. It does not necessarily involve the application 
+-- of heat.
+fun Cooking  : Class ;
+fun Cooking_Class : SubClass Cooking Making ;
+
+-- Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
+-- decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.
+fun Cooling  : Class ;
+fun Cooling_Class : SubClass Cooling Decreasing ;
+
+-- The subclass of SocialInteraction where 
+-- the participants involved work together for the achievement of a common 
+-- goal.
+fun Cooperation  : Class ;
+fun Cooperation_Class : SubClass Cooperation SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- A TimeZone which functions 
+-- as the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military), 
+-- Greenwich Mean Time, and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever 
+-- a TimeZone is not specified, the TimePosition is understood to be with 
+-- respect to the CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.
+fun CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+
+-- An Organization that has a special legal status 
+-- that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates 
+-- the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the 
+-- corporation's operation.
+fun Corporation  : Class ;
+fun Corporation_Class : SubClass Corporation (both CommercialAgent Organization) ;
+
+
+-- A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have 
+-- properties that are not shared by the whole.
+fun CorpuscularObject  : Class ;
+fun CorpuscularObject_Class : SubClass CorpuscularObject SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+-- (CosineFn ?DEGREE) returns the cosine of the 
+-- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The cosine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the 
+-- side next to ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
+fun CosineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is 
+-- the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of 
+-- a conductor in an electric circuit during each SecondDuration by a 
+-- current of 1 Ampere. Coulomb = s*A.
+fun Coulomb  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating 
+-- Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the 
+-- patient.
+fun Counting  : Class ;
+fun Counting_Class : SubClass Counting Calculating ;
+
+-- A GeopoliticalArea that is larger than a city, 
+-- usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a StateOrProvince. 
+-- Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is 
+-- known by various names in various counties, e.g. parrish, commune, etc.
+fun County  : Class ;
+fun County_Class : SubClass County (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Putting processes where the agent 
+-- covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something 
+-- else.
+fun Covering  : Class ;
+fun Covering_Class : SubClass Covering Putting ;
+
+-- The subclass of Process in which 
+-- something is created. Note that the thing created is specified 
+-- with the result CaseRole.
+fun Creation  : Class ;
+fun Creation_Class : SubClass Creation InternalChange ;
+
+-- A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells 
+-- in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes 
+-- lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles.
+fun Crustacean  : Class ;
+fun Crustacean_Class : SubClass Crustacean Arthropod ;
+
+-- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a 
+-- Pint.
+fun Cup  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- Any element of the official currrency of some 
+-- Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.
+fun Currency  : Class ;
+fun Currency_Class : SubClass Currency FinancialInstrument ;
+
+-- Instances of this
+-- subclass of ConstantQuantity are measures of monetaryValue
+-- stated in terms of some UnitOfCurrency such as UnitedStatesDollar,
+-- UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc.
+fun CurrencyMeasure  : Class ;
+fun CurrencyMeasure_Class : SubClass CurrencyMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph the 
+-- Class of GraphPaths that partition the graph into two separate 
+-- graphs if cut. There may be more than one cutset for a given graph.
+fun CutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Poking Processes which 
+-- involve a sharp instrument.
+fun Cutting  : Class ;
+fun Cutting_Class : SubClass Cutting Poking ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+-- brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally 
+-- or as intended.
+fun Damaging  : Class ;
+fun Damaging_Class : SubClass Damaging InternalChange ;
+
+-- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
+-- Object contains some Liquid.
+fun Damp  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Any BodyMotion of Humans which is 
+-- deliberately coordinated with music.
+fun Dancing  : Class ;
+fun Dancing_Class : SubClass Dancing BodyMotion ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Days.
+fun Day  : Class ;
+fun Day_Class : SubClass Day TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.
+fun DayDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+-- a subclass of Months to the Days within each Month corresponding to that 
+-- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (DayFn 16 August) is the Class of all 
+-- sixteenth days of August. For another example, (DayFn 9 Month) would return 
+-- the class of all ninth days of any month. For still another example, (DayFn 18 
+-- (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))) denotes the 18th day of August 1912.
+fun DayFn : El PositiveInteger -> Desc Month -> Desc Day ;
+
+
+-- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
+-- not alive.
+fun Dead  : Ind (both AnimacyAttribute ConsciousnessAttribute) ;
+
+
+-- The Process of dying.
+fun Death  : Class ;
+fun Death_Class : SubClass Death OrganismProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are December.
+fun December  : Class ;
+fun December_Class : SubClass December Month ;
+
+-- The subclass of Selecting where the agent 
+-- opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities 
+-- that are open to him/her.
+fun Deciding  : Class ;
+fun Deciding_Class : SubClass Deciding Selecting ;
+
+-- The Class of LinguisticCommunications that 
+-- effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. 
+-- Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating.
+fun Declaring  : Class ;
+fun Declaring_Class : SubClass Declaring LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+-- Converting a document or message that has previously 
+-- been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a 
+-- relatively large number of speakers.
+fun Decoding  : Class ;
+fun Decoding_Class : SubClass Decoding Writing ;
+
+-- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity 
+-- is decreased.
+fun Decreasing  : Class ;
+fun Decreasing_Class : SubClass Decreasing QuantityChange ;
+
+-- An Argument which has the form of a 
+-- deduction, i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the 
+-- conclusion.
+fun DeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+fun DeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass DeductiveArgument Argument ;
+
+-- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest 
+-- where the agent attempts to avoid being damaged.
+fun DefensiveManeuver  : Class ;
+fun DefensiveManeuver_Class : SubClass DefensiveManeuver Maneuver ;
+
+-- Exhibiting something or a range of things 
+-- before the public in a particular location. This would cover software 
+-- demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum 
+-- exhibitions, etc.
+fun Demonstrating  : Class ;
+fun Demonstrating_Class : SubClass Demonstrating Disseminating ;
+
+-- (DenominatorFn ?NUMBER) returns the 
+-- denominator of the canonical reduced form of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+fun DenominatorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- DensityFn maps an instance of MassMeasure 
+-- and an instance of VolumeMeasure to the density represented by this 
+-- proportion of mass and volume. For example, (DensityFn (MeasureFn 3 Gram) 
+-- (MeasureFn 1 Liter)) represents the density of 3 grams per liter.
+fun DensityFn  : El MassMeasure -> El VolumeMeasure -> Ind FunctionQuantity;
+
+
+-- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
+-- relating to the notions of permission, obligation, and prohibition.
+fun DeonticAttribute  : Class ;
+fun DeonticAttribute_Class : SubClass DeonticAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+-- The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a 
+-- Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects 
+-- with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to 
+-- satisfy a particular purpose.
+fun Designing  : Class ;
+fun Designing_Class : SubClass Designing IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- The subclass of Damagings in which 
+-- the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. 
+-- Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass is solely 
+-- one of extent.
+fun Destruction  : Class ;
+fun Destruction_Class : SubClass Destruction Damaging ;
+
+-- A Process where the agent detaches one thing 
+-- from something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating 
+-- in that the latter applies to Substances, while the former applies to 
+-- CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Detaching is different from 
+-- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are detached may or 
+-- may not be moved from the location where they were attached.
+fun Detaching  : Class ;
+fun Detaching_Class : SubClass Detaching DualObjectProcess ;
+
+-- Attributes that indicate the 
+-- stage of development of an Organism.
+fun DevelopmentalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun DevelopmentalAttribute_Class : SubClass DevelopmentalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to 
+-- serve as an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.
+fun Device  : Class ;
+fun Device_Class : SubClass Device Artifact ;
+
+-- A Process that is carried out for 
+-- the purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
+fun DiagnosticProcess  : Class ;
+fun DiagnosticProcess_Class : SubClass DiagnosticProcess Investigating ;
+
+-- The Process by which Food that has been 
+-- ingested is broken down into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by 
+-- the Organism.
+fun Digesting  : Class ;
+fun Digesting_Class : SubClass Digesting (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
+
+
+-- The Class of directed graphs. A 
+-- directed graph is a Graph in which all GraphArcs
+-- have direction, i.e. every GraphArc has an initial node (see 
+-- InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
+fun DirectedGraph  : Class ;
+fun DirectedGraph_Class : SubClass DirectedGraph Graph ;
+
+-- Instances of this Class urge some further action 
+-- among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering, a Requesting or 
+-- a Questioning.
+fun Directing  : Class ;
+fun Directing_Class : SubClass Directing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+-- The act of changing the direction in 
+-- which the patient of the act is oriented.
+fun DirectionChange  : Class ;
+fun DirectionChange_Class : SubClass DirectionChange Motion ;
+
+-- The subclass of PositionalAttributes 
+-- that concern compass directions.
+fun DirectionalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun DirectionalAttribute_Class : SubClass DirectionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+-- A Stating in which two Agents have
+-- contradictory statements. This is distinguished from Arguing in
+-- that the statement in dispute may be a simple assertion, rather than
+-- a chain of deduction, and that two entities must be disagreeing with
+-- each other, whereas a single entity may craft an argument for a given
+-- point of view, without the need for another agent to disagree with.
+fun Disagreeing  : Class ;
+fun Disagreeing_Class : SubClass Disagreeing Stating ;
+
+-- Finding something that was sought. Note that 
+-- this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. 
+-- For cases involving the acquisition of knowledge, the class Learning 
+-- should be used.
+fun Discovering  : Class ;
+fun Discovering_Class : SubClass Discovering IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies 
+-- something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity 
+-- of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of 
+-- one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs.
+fun DiseaseOrSyndrome  : Class ;
+fun DiseaseOrSyndrome_Class : SubClass DiseaseOrSyndrome BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- Any Communication that involves a 
+-- single agent and many destinations. This covers the release 
+-- of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving 
+-- orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc.
+fun Disseminating  : Class ;
+fun Disseminating_Class : SubClass Disseminating Communication ;
+
+-- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
+-- (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the result of dividing ?NUMBER1 by 
+-- ?NUMBER2. Note that when ?NUMBER1 = 1 (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
+-- is the reciprocal of ?NUMBER2. Note too that (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 
+-- ?NUMBER2) is undefined when ?NUMBER2 = 0.
+fun DivisionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- The Process by which liquid Food, i.e. 
+-- Beverages, are incorporated into an Animal.
+fun Drinking  : Class ;
+fun Drinking_Class : SubClass Drinking Ingesting ;
+
+-- Controlling the direction and/or speed of a 
+-- Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship, driving a car or truck, 
+-- operating a train, etc.
+fun Driving  : Class ;
+fun Driving_Class : SubClass Driving Guiding ;
+
+-- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
+-- Object contains no Liquid.
+fun Dry  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed 
+-- from an Object.
+fun Drying  : Class ;
+fun Drying_Class : SubClass Drying Removing ;
+
+-- Any Process that requires two, 
+-- nonidentical patients.
+fun DualObjectProcess  : Class ;
+fun DualObjectProcess_Class : SubClass DualObjectProcess Process ;
+
+-- The compass direction of East.
+fun East  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+-- eastern United States.
+fun EasternTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+
+-- The Process by which solid Food is 
+-- incorporated into an Animal.
+fun Eating  : Class ;
+fun Eating_Class : SubClass Eating Ingesting ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps a type of text 
+-- (e.g. Agatha Christie's Murder_on_the_Orient_Express) and a number 
+-- to the edition of the text type corresponding to the number.
+fun EditionFn : Desc ContentBearingObject -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc ContentBearingObject ;
+
+
+-- A EducationalOrganization is 
+-- an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K_12 
+-- schools, and colleges and universities.
+fun EducationalOrganization  : Class ;
+fun EducationalOrganization_Class : SubClass EducationalOrganization Organization ;
+
+-- Any Process which is intended to result 
+-- in Learning.
+fun EducationalProcess  : Class ;
+fun EducationalProcess_Class : SubClass EducationalProcess Guiding ;
+
+-- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody 
+-- of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian 
+-- ova.
+fun Egg  : Class ;
+fun Egg_Class : SubClass Egg (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+
+-- Election is the class of events conducted by an 
+-- organization, in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt 
+-- resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization.
+fun Election  : Class ;
+fun Election_Class : SubClass Election OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+-- SubatomicParticles that surround the 
+-- AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.
+fun Electron  : Class ;
+fun Electron_Class : SubClass Electron SubatomicParticle ;
+
+-- The ElectronVolt is an energy measure. 
+-- Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing 
+-- through a potential difference of 1 Volt in a vacuum.
+fun ElectronVolt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of PureSubstances that 
+-- cannot be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical 
+-- (or physical) means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances 
+-- are composed of only one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), 
+-- and oxygen (O_2). ElementalSubstances are the simplest 
+-- PureSubstances.
+fun ElementalSubstance  : Class ;
+fun ElementalSubstance_Class : SubClass ElementalSubstance PureSubstance ;
+
+-- The stage of an Organism or an 
+-- AnatomicalStructure that exists only before the Organism is born. 
+-- Mammals, for example, have this Attribute only prior to 
+-- their birth.
+fun Embryonic  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Attributes that denote emotional 
+-- states of Organisms.
+fun EmotionalState  : Class ;
+fun EmotionalState_Class : SubClass EmotionalState StateOfMind ;
+
+-- Converting a document or message into a formal 
+-- language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small 
+-- body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of 
+-- the content in the original document or message.
+fun Encoding  : Class ;
+fun Encoding_Class : SubClass Encoding Writing ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
+-- the TimePoint at which the interval ends.
+fun EndFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
+-- to the GraphNode that is the end of the GraphPath. Note that, unlike 
+-- TerminalNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
+-- EndNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a end.
+fun EndNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+
+-- A fundamental concept that applies 
+-- in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of 
+-- a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might 
+-- see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference betweeen 
+-- EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that 
+-- EngineeringComponents are object_like in a modeling sense. Thus, an 
+-- EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a 
+-- system with a stable identity.
+fun EngineeringComponent  : Class ;
+fun EngineeringComponent_Class : SubClass EngineeringComponent Device ;
+
+-- An EngineeringConnection is an 
+-- EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between 
+-- two other EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the 
+-- Predicate connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever 
+-- this Predicate holds between two EngineeringComponents, there exists an 
+-- EngineeringConnection. The practical reason for reifying a relationship 
+-- is to be able to attach other information about it. For example, one
+-- might want to say that a particular connection is associated with some 
+-- shared parameters, or that it is of a particular type. 
+-- EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can therefore be 
+-- an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However, 
+-- to provide for modular regularity in component systems, 
+-- EngineeringConnections cannot be connected. For each pair of 
+-- EngineeringComponents related by connectedEngineeringComponents, there 
+-- exists at least one EngineeringConnection. However, that object may not 
+-- be unique, and the same EngineeringConnection may be associated with 
+-- several pairs of EngineeringComponents.
+fun EngineeringConnection  : Class ;
+fun EngineeringConnection_Class : SubClass EngineeringConnection EngineeringComponent ;
+
+-- The universal class of individuals. This is the root 
+-- node of the ontology.
+fun Entity  : Class ;
+
+
+-- A complex Protein that is produced by living 
+-- cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six 
+-- main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, 
+-- lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
+fun Enzyme  : Class ;
+fun Enzyme_Class : SubClass Enzyme Protein ;
+
+-- A GroupOfPeople whose members originate 
+-- from the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural 
+-- practices.
+fun EthnicGroup  : Class ;
+fun EthnicGroup_Class : SubClass EthnicGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+-- A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01 
+-- EuroDollars.
+fun EuroCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+
+-- A currency measure of most European Union countries.
+fun EuroDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where a Substance is 
+-- converted from a Liquid to a Gas at a temperature below its
+-- Boiling point.
+fun Evaporating  : Class ;
+fun Evaporating_Class : SubClass Evaporating StateChange ;
+
+-- An Integer that is evenly divisible 
+-- by 2.
+fun EvenInteger  : Class ;
+fun EvenInteger_Class : SubClass EvenInteger Integer ;
+
+-- The system of Bones that are on the Outside of an organism and 
+-- make up the supporting structure of many Invertebrates.
+fun Exoskeleton  : Class ;
+fun Exoskeleton_Class : SubClass Exoskeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
+
+
+-- Investigating the truth of a Proposition 
+-- by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either 
+-- controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind.
+fun Experimenting  : Class ;
+fun Experimenting_Class : SubClass Experimenting Investigating ;
+
+-- An Argument where the conclusion is an 
+-- observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply 
+-- the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico_deductive model 
+-- of explanation.
+fun Explanation  : Class ;
+fun Explanation_Class : SubClass Explanation DeductiveArgument ;
+
+-- (ExponentiationFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns 
+-- the RealNumber ?NUMBER raised to the power of the Integer ?INT.
+fun ExponentiationFn  : El Quantity -> El Integer -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- Instances of this Class express a state of the agent. 
+-- For example, Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The thanking 
+-- in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that Expressing, 
+-- unlike the other speech act types, is not a subclass of LinguisticCommunication. 
+-- This is because emotions, for example, can be expressed without language, e.g. by 
+-- smiling.
+fun Expressing  : Class ;
+fun Expressing_Class : SubClass Expressing Communication ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Attribute 
+-- into the Class whose condition for membership is the Attribute.
+fun ExtensionFn  : El Attribute -> Class ;
+
+
+-- Artifacts that are created by weaving together 
+-- natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of 
+-- Animals. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by 
+-- stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other 
+-- hand, Clothing is not a subclass of Fabric, because many clothing items 
+-- contain elements that are not fabrics.
+fun Fabric  : Class ;
+fun Fabric_Class : SubClass Fabric Artifact ;
+
+-- The class of Texts that purport to 
+-- reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information 
+-- or as non_fiction. Note that something can be an instance of 
+-- FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something 
+-- is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating 
+-- the text.
+fun FactualText  : Class ;
+fun FactualText_Class : SubClass FactualText Text ;
+
+-- A UnitOfTemperature that is commonly 
+-- used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point 
+-- of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 
+-- 212 FahrenheitDegrees.
+fun FahrenheitDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+
+-- Falling is the class of events in 
+-- which something moves from a higher location to a lower location 
+-- under the force of gravity.
+fun Falling  : Class ;
+fun Falling_Class : SubClass Falling (both MotionDownward Translocation) ;
+
+
+-- The TruthValue of being false.
+fun False  : Ind TruthValue ;
+
+
+-- A GroupOfPeople whose members bear 
+-- familyRelations to one another.
+fun FamilyGroup  : Class ;
+fun FamilyGroup_Class : SubClass FamilyGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+-- SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the 
+-- capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears 
+-- a difference of potential of 1 Volt when it is charged by a quantity 
+-- of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. Farad = C/V = 
+-- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^4*A^2.
+fun Farad  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Nonrigid Tissue that is composed largely of 
+-- fat cells.
+fun FatTissue  : Class ;
+fun FatTissue_Class : SubClass FatTissue Tissue ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are February.
+fun February  : Class ;
+fun February_Class : SubClass February Month ;
+
+-- The Class of Carnivores with completely
+-- separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than
+-- the cheetah have retractable claws.
+fun Feline  : Class ;
+fun Feline_Class : SubClass Feline Carnivore ;
+
+-- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
+-- female in nature.
+fun Female  : Ind SexAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue. 
+-- This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and 
+-- whisk ferns.
+fun Fern  : Class ;
+fun Fern_Class : SubClass Fern NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+-- The class of Texts that purport to 
+-- be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author 
+-- does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is 
+-- an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can 
+-- be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. 
+-- Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs 
+-- of the agent creating the text.
+fun FictionalText  : Class ;
+fun FictionalText_Class : SubClass FictionalText Text ;
+
+-- An academic or applied discipline with 
+-- recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note 
+-- that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a 
+-- FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational 
+-- content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of 
+-- this content.
+fun FieldOfStudy  : Class ;
+fun FieldOfStudy_Class : SubClass FieldOfStudy Proposition ;
+
+-- Something is Fillable if it can be filled by 
+-- something else. Note that 'filled' here means perfectly filled.
+-- Something is fillable just in case it is part of a hole, i.e., 
+-- fillability is an exclusive property of holes and their parts.
+fun Fillable  : Ind ShapeAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A document having monetary value 
+-- or recording a monetary transaction
+fun FinancialInstrument  : Class ;
+fun FinancialInstrument_Class : SubClass FinancialInstrument Certificate ;
+
+-- A Transaction where an instance 
+-- of Currency is exchanged for something else.
+fun FinancialTransaction  : Class ;
+fun FinancialTransaction_Class : SubClass FinancialTransaction Transaction ;
+
+-- A Set containing a finite number of elements.
+fun FiniteSet  : Class ;
+fun FiniteSet_Class : SubClass FiniteSet Set ;
+
+-- A cold_blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by 
+-- fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony 
+-- skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. 
+-- Also included are those Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or 
+-- hagfish.
+fun Fish  : Class ;
+fun Fish_Class : SubClass Fish ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+-- The Attribute of being flammable at normal temperatures
+-- (i.e. not while a Plasma).
+fun Flammable  : Ind PhysicalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- (FloorFn ?NUMBER) returns the largest Integer 
+-- less than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+fun FloorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- FlowRegion is a class of things whose 
+-- boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive material is continuously moving 
+-- through the region itself and being replaced by 
+-- other, similar material. Each FlowRegion is constituted by a stream 
+-- of matter moving as a whole. A FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. 
+-- A wind may be considered as a Process or as a FlowRegion, similarly 
+-- an OceanCurrent or a WaterWave. The motion process associated with a 
+-- FlowRegion F is denoted by (FlowFn F). Note that certain 
+-- properties belong to the FlowRegion itself (e.g., mass, length, volume, 
+-- temperature, and speed or velocity of the region moving as a whole), 
+-- while other properties of interest belong to the Motion of its 
+-- constitutive stuff (e.g., velocity, direction). The motion of 
+-- a FlowRegion as a whole (e.g., JetStream moves within the atmosphere) 
+-- is distinguished from the motion of the pieces of stuff constituting the 
+-- FlowRegion. See FlowFn and FlowRegionFn.
+fun FlowRegion  : Class ;
+
+
+-- A Plant that produces seeds and flowers. 
+-- This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers.
+fun FloweringPlant  : Class ;
+fun FloweringPlant_Class : SubClass FloweringPlant Plant ;
+
+-- Fluid is the PhysicalState attribute of an 
+-- Object that does not have a fixed shape and thus tends to flow or to 
+-- conform to the shape of a container.
+fun Fluid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+
+-- Any SelfConnectedObject containing Nutrients, 
+-- such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a 
+-- living Animal and metabolized into energy and body tissue.
+fun Food  : Class ;
+fun Food_Class : SubClass Food SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+-- English length unit of feet.
+fun FootLength  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+-- cooled and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.
+fun Freezing  : Class ;
+fun Freezing_Class : SubClass Freezing StateChange ;
+
+-- A subclass of
+-- TimeDependentQuantity, instances of which are measures of the
+-- frequency with which some Process occurs.
+fun FrequencyMeasure  : Class ;
+fun FrequencyMeasure_Class : SubClass FrequencyMeasure TimeDependentQuantity ;
+
+-- A WaterArea whose Water is not saline, 
+-- e.g. most rivers and lakes.
+fun FreshWaterArea  : Class ;
+fun FreshWaterArea_Class : SubClass FreshWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Fridays.
+fun Friday  : Class ;
+fun Friday_Class : SubClass Friday Day ;
+
+-- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
+-- that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the 
+-- direction in which the Object moves. Note that this is a partial 
+-- function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and 
+-- spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
+-- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
+-- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
+-- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
+-- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
+fun FrontFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+
+-- Any fruit or vegetable, i.e. a 
+-- ripened ReproductiveBody of a Plant. Note that FruitOrVegetable 
+-- is not a subclass of Food, because some fruits, e.g. poisonous 
+-- berries, are not edible.
+fun FruitOrVegetable  : Class ;
+fun FruitOrVegetable_Class : SubClass FruitOrVegetable (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+
+-- The stage of an Organism when it has reached 
+-- the end of its growth phase.
+fun FullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A FunctionQuantity
+-- is a PhysicalQuantity that is returned by a Function that maps
+-- from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance
+-- of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would
+-- be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating values of time (which
+-- are instances of ConstantQuantity) to values of distance
+-- (also instances of ConstantQuantity). Note that all elements of the
+-- range of the Function corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the
+-- same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.
+fun FunctionQuantity  : Class ;
+fun FunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass FunctionQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+-- Any instance of Giving where the patient is an 
+-- instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing, e.g. 
+-- where a firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement 
+-- that a certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned 
+-- to the firm, and instances of UnilateralGiving, e.g. providing a tuition 
+-- waiver and/or a stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.
+fun Funding  : Class ;
+fun Funding_Class : SubClass Funding Giving ;
+
+-- A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the 
+-- absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included 
+-- here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, 
+-- and mushrooms.
+fun Fungus  : Class ;
+fun Fungus_Class : SubClass Fungus Organism ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
+-- to the TimeInterval which it meets and which ends at 
+-- PositiveInfinity.
+fun FutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- A Contest whose purpose is the 
+-- enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game.
+fun Game  : Class ;
+fun Game_Class : SubClass Game (both Contest RecreationOrExercise) ;
+
+
+-- An Object has the Attribute of Gas if it has 
+-- neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.
+fun Gas  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+
+-- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
+-- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any 
+-- component other than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
+-- which are suspended in the Gas.
+fun GasMixture  : Class ;
+fun GasMixture_Class : SubClass GasMixture Mixture ;
+
+-- Any Motion where the patient is a 
+-- Gas. This class would cover, in particular, the motion of 
+-- Air, e.g. a breeze or wind.
+fun GasMotion  : Class ;
+fun GasMotion_Class : SubClass GasMotion Motion ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that takes a 
+-- SetOrClass of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which 
+-- is the intersection of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. 
+-- the SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of all 
+-- instances of the original SetOrClass.
+fun GeneralizedIntersectionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that takes a SetOrClass 
+-- of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which is the 
+-- merge of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. the SetOrClass 
+-- containing just those instances which are instances of an instance of the 
+-- original SetOrClass.
+fun GeneralizedUnionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A geographic location, generally having 
+-- definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass 
+-- Region in that a GeographicArea is a three_dimensional Region of the 
+-- earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all 
+-- one_dimensional and two_dimensional Regions are not classed under 
+-- GeographicArea.
+fun GeographicArea  : Class ;
+fun GeographicArea_Class : SubClass GeographicArea Region ;
+
+-- The class of activities that 
+-- are caused by geological forces and affect geological features, 
+-- and which may affect the biosphere as well.
+fun GeologicalProcess  : Class ;
+fun GeologicalProcess_Class : SubClass GeologicalProcess (both InternalChange Motion) ;
+
+
+-- The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the 
+-- class of all abstract, spatial representations. The instances of this class 
+-- are GeometricPoints, TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures.
+fun GeometricFigure  : Class ;
+fun GeometricFigure_Class : SubClass GeometricFigure ShapeAttribute ;
+
+-- The class of zero_dimensional 
+-- GeometricFigures, i.e. the class of GeometricFigures that have position 
+-- but lack extension in any dimension.
+fun GeometricPoint  : Class ;
+fun GeometricPoint_Class : SubClass GeometricPoint GeometricFigure ;
+
+-- Any GeographicArea which is associated 
+-- with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, 
+-- Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity 
+-- of a GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders.
+fun GeopoliticalArea  : Class ;
+fun GeopoliticalArea_Class : SubClass GeopoliticalArea (both Agent GeographicArea) ;
+
+
+-- Any BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the 
+-- head, a smile, which is also an instance of Communication.
+fun Gesture  : Class ;
+fun Gesture_Class : SubClass Gesture (both BodyMotion Communication) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the
+-- agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is 
+-- obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole.
+fun Getting  : Class ;
+fun Getting_Class : SubClass Getting ChangeOfPossession ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000 units of the original 
+-- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (GigaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000 Hertz.
+fun GigaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the 
+-- agent gives the destination something.
+fun Giving  : Class ;
+fun Giving_Class : SubClass Giving ChangeOfPossession ;
+
+-- Any instance of Giving where the agent gives 
+-- something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by 
+-- the destination, e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.
+fun GivingBack  : Class ;
+fun GivingBack_Class : SubClass GivingBack Giving ;
+
+-- An Organ that removes Substances from the Blood, 
+-- alters them in some way, and then releases them.
+fun Gland  : Class ;
+fun Gland_Class : SubClass Gland Organ ;
+
+-- The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.
+fun Government  : Class ;
+fun Government_Class : SubClass Government GovernmentOrganization ;
+
+-- (GovernmentFn ?AREA) denotes the 
+-- Government of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA. For example, 
+-- (GovernmentFn UnitedStates) denotes the Federal_level government of 
+-- the United States, (GovernmentFn PuertoRico) denotes the government of 
+-- the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
+fun GovernmentFn  : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind Government ;
+
+
+-- GovernmentOrganization is the 
+-- class of official Organizations that are concerned with the government 
+-- of a GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization 
+-- of a government.
+fun GovernmentOrganization  : Class ;
+fun GovernmentOrganization_Class : SubClass GovernmentOrganization Organization ;
+
+-- Any instance of Touching which results in 
+-- a situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.
+fun Grabbing  : Class ;
+fun Grabbing_Class : SubClass Grabbing (both Attaching Touching) ;
+
+
+-- The OrganizationalProcess of graduating 
+-- from an EducationalOrganization.
+fun Graduation  : Class ;
+fun Graduation_Class : SubClass Graduation LeavingAnOrganization ;
+
+-- Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 
+-- 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams.
+fun Gram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- The Class of graphs, where a graph is understood 
+-- to be a set of GraphNodes connected by GraphArcs. Note that this 
+-- Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a 
+-- GraphPath between any two GraphNodes. Note too that every Graph 
+-- is required to contain at least two GraphArcs and three GraphNodes.
+fun Graph  : Class ;
+fun Graph_Class : SubClass Graph Abstract ;
+
+-- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
+-- and GraphArcs. Every GraphArc links two GraphNodes.
+fun GraphArc  : Class ;
+fun GraphArc_Class : SubClass GraphArc GraphElement ;
+
+-- A GraphPath that begins (see 
+-- BeginNodeFn) and ends (see EndNodeFn) at the same 
+-- GraphNode.
+fun GraphCircuit  : Class ;
+fun GraphCircuit_Class : SubClass GraphCircuit GraphPath ;
+
+-- Noncompositional parts of Graphs. 
+-- These parts are restricted to GraphNodes and GraphArcs.
+fun GraphElement  : Class ;
+fun GraphElement_Class : SubClass GraphElement Abstract ;
+
+-- A GraphArc in which a GraphNode is 
+-- linked to itself.
+fun GraphLoop  : Class ;
+fun GraphLoop_Class : SubClass GraphLoop GraphArc ;
+
+-- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
+-- and GraphArcs. Every GraphNode is linked by a GraphArc.
+fun GraphNode  : Class ;
+fun GraphNode_Class : SubClass GraphNode GraphElement ;
+
+-- Informally, a single, directed route between 
+-- two GraphNodes in a Graph. Formally, a DirectedGraph that is a 
+-- subGraph of the original Graph and such that no two GraphArcs in 
+-- the DirectedGraph have the same intial node (see InitialNodeFn) or 
+-- the same terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
+fun GraphPath  : Class ;
+fun GraphPath_Class : SubClass GraphPath DirectedGraph ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps two GraphNodes 
+-- to the Class of GraphPaths between those two nodes. Note that the two 
+-- GraphNodes must belong to the same Graph.
+fun GraphPathFn : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+
+-- SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures 
+-- the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately 
+-- to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to
+-- matter by ionizing radiation is 1 Joule per kilogram. Gray = J/kg 
+-- = m^2*s^(_2).
+fun Gray  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- (GreatestCommonDivisorFn 
+-- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the greatest common divisor of 
+-- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
+fun GreatestCommonDivisorFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- A Collection of Agents, e.g. a flock 
+-- of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop.
+fun Group  : Class ;
+fun Group_Class : SubClass Group (both Agent Collection) ;
+
+
+-- Any Group whose members are 
+-- exclusively Humans.
+fun GroupOfPeople  : Class ;
+fun GroupOfPeople_Class : SubClass GroupOfPeople Group ;
+
+-- The Process of biological development in which 
+-- an Organism or part of an Organism changes its form or its size.
+fun Growth  : Class ;
+fun Growth_Class : SubClass Growth AutonomicProcess ;
+
+-- Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to 
+-- direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not.
+fun Guiding  : Class ;
+fun Guiding_Class : SubClass Guiding IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+-- sensing is done by an auditory Organ.
+fun Hearing  : Class ;
+fun Hearing_Class : SubClass Hearing Perception ;
+
+-- Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
+-- increased is a TemperatureMeasure.
+fun Heating  : Class ;
+fun Heating_Class : SubClass Heating Increasing ;
+
+-- SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One Henry 
+-- is equivalent to one Volt divided by one Ampere per SecondDuration. 
+-- If a current changing at the rate of one Ampere per SecondDuration 
+-- induces an electromotive force of one Volt, the circuit has an 
+-- inductance of one Henry. Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_2).
+fun Henry  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the 
+-- number of cycles per second. Hertz = s^(_1). Note that Hertz 
+-- does not have a conversion function.
+fun Hertz  : Ind UnitOfFrequency ;
+
+
+-- OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an 
+-- employee of an Organization.
+fun Hiring  : Class ;
+fun Hiring_Class : SubClass Hiring JoiningAnOrganization ;
+
+-- A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface 
+-- of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host 
+-- (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as 
+-- being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same 
+-- region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two 
+-- hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A 
+-- common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any 
+-- object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its 
+-- parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have 
+-- overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their 
+-- hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with 
+-- exactly the same things as the hole itself.
+fun Hole  : Class ;
+fun Hole_Class : SubClass Hole Region ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to 
+-- the Object which is its principal host. The principle host of a Hole 
+-- is its maximally connected host (a notion taken here to be defined only 
+-- when the argument is a hole).
+fun HoleHostFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to the skin 
+-- of the Hole. The skin of a Hole is the fusion of those superficial 
+-- parts (see superficialPart) of the Hole's principal host (see 
+-- HoleHostFn) with which the Hole is externally connected.
+fun HoleSkinFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
+
+
+-- Includes Humans and relatively recent 
+-- ancestors of Humans.
+fun Hominid  : Class ;
+fun Hominid_Class : SubClass Hominid Primate ;
+
+-- The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves. 
+-- Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc.
+fun HoofedMammal  : Class ;
+fun HoofedMammal_Class : SubClass HoofedMammal Mammal ;
+
+-- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
+-- is positioned width_wise with respect to another Object.
+fun Horizontal  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- In Animals, a chemical secreted by an 
+-- endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. 
+-- Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or 
+-- control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, 
+-- are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as 
+-- chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as 
+-- growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad 
+-- categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
+fun Hormone  : Class ;
+fun Hormone_Class : SubClass Hormone (both BiologicallyActiveSubstance BodySubstance) ;
+
+
+-- A power measure that is equal to 746 Watts.
+fun Horsepower  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all clock Hours.
+fun Hour  : Class ;
+fun Hour_Class : SubClass Hour TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.
+fun HourDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+-- a subclass of Days to the Hours within each Day corresponding to that 
+-- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (HourFn 12 Thursday) is the Class of all 
+-- instances of noon Thursday. For another example, (HourFn 0 Day) would return 
+-- the class of all instances of midnight. For still another example, (HourFn 14 
+-- (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912)))) denotes 2 PM on the 18th day of 
+-- August 1912.
+fun HourFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Day -> Desc Hour ;
+
+
+-- A ResidentialBuilding which is intended to be 
+-- inhabited by members of the same SocialUnit. Houses are distinguished 
+-- from temporary housing like hotels and multi_family dwellings like condominium 
+-- and apartment buildings.
+fun House  : Class ;
+fun House_Class : SubClass House (both ResidentialBuilding SingleFamilyResidence) ;
+
+
+-- Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo 
+-- genus.
+fun Human  : Class ;
+fun Human_Class : SubClass Human (both CognitiveAgent Hominid) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Languages used by 
+-- Humans.
+fun HumanLanguage  : Class ;
+fun HumanLanguage_Class : SubClass HumanLanguage Language ;
+
+-- Hunting is the class of Processes in which 
+-- an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed.
+fun Hunting  : Class ;
+fun Hunting_Class : SubClass Hunting Pursuing ;
+
+-- This is the subclass of ContentBearingPhysical 
+-- which are not part of a Language and which have some sort of similarity 
+-- with the Objects that they represent. This Class would include symbolic 
+-- roadway signs, representational art works, photographs, etc.
+fun Icon  : Class ;
+fun Icon_Class : SubClass Icon ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+-- The Attribute of Regions that are 
+-- illuminated to some degree, i.e. in which some shapes are visually 
+-- discernable.
+fun Illuminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Any Number that is the result of 
+-- multiplying a RealNumber by the square root of _1.
+fun ImaginaryNumber  : Class ;
+fun ImaginaryNumber_Class : SubClass ImaginaryNumber Number ;
+
+-- (ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER) returns 
+-- the part of ?NUMBER that has the square root of _1 as its factor.
+fun ImaginaryPartFn  : El ComplexNumber -> Ind ImaginaryNumber ;
+
+
+-- (ImmediateFamilyFn ?PERSON) denotes the 
+-- immediate family of ?PERSON, i.e. the Group consisting of the parents of 
+-- ?PERSON and anyone of whom ?PERSON is a parent.
+fun ImmediateFamilyFn  : El Human -> Ind FamilyGroup ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+-- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
+-- immediately follows the TimePosition.
+fun ImmediateFutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+-- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
+-- immediately precedes the TimePosition.
+fun ImmediatePastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- Any Touching where something comes into 
+-- sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples 
+-- would be striking, knocking, whipping etc.
+fun Impacting  : Class ;
+fun Impacting_Class : SubClass Impacting Touching ;
+
+-- The subclass of Transfer where the patient 
+-- travels through space by means of a sudden, forceful event. Some examples 
+-- would be shooting, throwing, tossing, etc.
+fun Impelling  : Class ;
+fun Impelling_Class : SubClass Impelling Transfer ;
+
+-- English length unit of inches.
+fun Inch  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- InchMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
+-- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of 
+-- inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the 
+-- surrounding air pressure.
+fun InchMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
+
+
+-- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity 
+-- is increased.
+fun Increasing  : Class ;
+fun Increasing_Class : SubClass Increasing QuantityChange ;
+
+-- An Argument which is inductive, i.e. it is 
+-- claimed that a set of specific cases makes the conclusion, which generalizes 
+-- these cases, more likely to be true.
+fun InductiveArgument  : Class ;
+fun InductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InductiveArgument Argument ;
+
+-- Measures of the amount of information. 
+-- Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and 
+-- MegaByte.
+fun InformationMeasure  : Class ;
+fun InformationMeasure_Class : SubClass InformationMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- The Process by which Food is 
+-- taken into an Animal.
+fun Ingesting  : Class ;
+fun Ingesting_Class : SubClass Ingesting OrganismProcess ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+-- GraphArc to the initial node of the GraphArc. Note
+-- that this is a partial function. In particular, the function is 
+-- undefined for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
+fun InitialNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+
+-- Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an 
+-- Animal or a Human with a syringe.
+fun Injecting  : Class ;
+fun Injecting_Class : SubClass Injecting Inserting ;
+
+-- The process of creating a traumatic wound or 
+-- injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function 
+-- of the organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.
+fun Injuring  : Class ;
+fun Injuring_Class : SubClass Injuring PathologicProcess ;
+fun Injuring_Damaging  : SubClassC Injuring Damaging (\INJ -> exists Organism (\ORGANISM -> patient(var Damaging Process ? INJ)(var Organism Entity ? ORGANISM)));
+
+
+-- A Class of small Arthropods that are 
+-- air_breathing and that are distinguished by appearance.
+fun Insect  : Class ;
+fun Insect_Class : SubClass Insect Arthropod ;
+
+-- Putting one thing inside of another thing.
+fun Inserting  : Class ;
+fun Inserting_Class : SubClass Inserting Putting ;
+
+-- A negative or nonnegative whole number.
+fun Integer  : Class ;
+fun Integer_Class : SubClass Integer RationalNumber ;
+
+-- (IntegerSquareRootFn ?NUMBER) 
+-- returns the integer square root of ?NUMBER.
+fun IntegerSquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
+
+
+-- A Process that has a specific 
+-- purpose for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.
+fun IntentionalProcess  : Class ;
+fun IntentionalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalProcess Process ;
+
+-- An IntentionalProcess that 
+-- can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus, 
+-- for example, Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, 
+-- because one can reason simply by exercising one's mind/brain. On the other 
+-- hand, RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess,
+-- because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses 
+-- of BodyMotion.
+fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
+fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalPsychologicalProcess (both IntentionalProcess PsychologicalProcess) ;
+
+
+-- Any Attribute of an Entity that is an 
+-- internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, 
+-- etc.
+fun InternalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun InternalAttribute_Class : SubClass InternalAttribute Attribute ;
+
+-- Processes which involve altering an internal 
+-- property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its 
+-- structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include 
+-- changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in 
+-- spatial or temporal location.
+fun InternalChange  : Class ;
+fun InternalChange_Class : SubClass InternalChange Process ;
+
+-- Any Process of assigning a Proposition to 
+-- a Text, i.e. understanding the Text.
+fun Interpreting  : Class ;
+fun Interpreting_Class : SubClass Interpreting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
+-- SetOrClasses to the intersection of these SetOrClasses. An object is 
+-- an instance of the intersection of two SetOrClasses just in case it is 
+-- an instance of both of those SetOrClasses.
+fun IntersectionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that
+-- maps two instances of ConstantQuantity to the subclass of
+-- ConstantQuantity that comprises the interval from the first
+-- ConstantQuantity to the second ConstantQuantity. For
+-- example, (IntervalFn (MeasureFn 8 Meter) (MeasureFn 14 Meter)) 
+-- would return the subclass of ConstantQuantity comprising quantities 
+-- between 8 and 14 meters in length.
+fun IntervalFn : El ConstantQuantity -> El ConstantQuantity -> Desc ConstantQuantity ;
+
+
+-- DeductiveArguments that are not 
+-- ValidDeductiveArguments, i.e. it is not the case that the set of premises 
+-- in fact entails the conclusion.
+fun InvalidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+fun InvalidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InvalidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
+
+-- An Animal which has no spinal column.
+fun Invertebrate  : Class ;
+fun Invertebrate_Class : SubClass Invertebrate Animal ;
+
+-- The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted 
+-- by a Formula).
+fun Investigating  : Class ;
+fun Investigating_Class : SubClass Investigating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- Any RealNumber that is not also a 
+-- RationalNumber.
+fun IrrationalNumber  : Class ;
+fun IrrationalNumber_Class : SubClass IrrationalNumber RealNumber ;
+
+-- A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea.
+fun Island  : Class ;
+fun Island_Class : SubClass Island LandArea ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are January.
+fun January  : Class ;
+fun January_Class : SubClass January Month ;
+
+-- The OrganizationalProcess of 
+-- becoming a member of an Organization.
+fun JoiningAnOrganization  : Class ;
+fun JoiningAnOrganization_Class : SubClass JoiningAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+-- SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work 
+-- done when the point of application of 1 Newton is displaced a distance 
+-- of 1 Meter in the direction of the force. Joule = N*m = 
+-- m^2*kg*s^(_2).
+fun Joule  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts 
+-- for one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to 
+-- him/her.
+fun Judging  : Class ;
+fun Judging_Class : SubClass Judging Selecting ;
+
+-- JudicialOrganization is the class 
+-- of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according 
+-- to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. 
+-- Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, 
+-- those associated with sporting associations.
+fun JudicialOrganization  : Class ;
+fun JudicialOrganization_Class : SubClass JudicialOrganization Organization ;
+
+-- Any legal proceeding which is conducted 
+-- by a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference 
+-- between the concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former 
+-- refers to legal claims that are brought by a plaintiff, e.g. law suits, 
+-- while the second refers to trials and other sorts of judicial hearings 
+-- where the merits of a LegalAction are decided.
+fun JudicialProcess  : Class ;
+fun JudicialProcess_PoliticalProcess  : SubClassC JudicialProcess PoliticalProcess (\PROCESS -> forall Organization (\ORG -> agent(var PoliticalProcess Process ? PROCESS)(var Organization Agent ? ORG)));
+
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are July.
+fun July  : Class ;
+fun July_Class : SubClass July Month ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are June.
+fun June  : Class ;
+fun June_Class : SubClass June Month ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+-- keeps something in a particular location for an extended period of time.
+fun Keeping  : Class ;
+fun Keeping_Class : SubClass Keeping IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- SI UnitOfMeasure used
+-- with MeasureFn to produce terms denoting instances of
+-- TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in
+-- SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the
+-- Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be
+-- 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes
+-- of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the
+-- conversion constant is 273.15.
+fun KelvinDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Destruction in which the 
+-- death of an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases 
+-- of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases.
+fun Killing  : Class ;
+fun Killing_Class : SubClass Killing Destruction ;
+
+-- One KiloByte (KB) of information. One 
+-- KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is 
+-- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
+fun KiloByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+-- For example, (KiloFn Gram) is 1,000 Grams.
+fun KiloFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- Supermultiple of Gramm. Symbol: kg. 1 Kilogram
+-- = 1000 Grams.
+fun Kilogram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- Supermultiple of Meter. Symbol: km. A
+-- Meter is the 1000th part of a Kilometer
+fun Kilometer  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- An area which is predominantly solid ground, 
+-- e.g. a Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a LandArea may 
+-- contain some relatively small WaterAreas. For example, Australia is 
+-- a LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes.
+fun LandArea  : Class ;
+fun LandArea_Class : SubClass LandArea GeographicArea ;
+
+-- LandTransitway is the subclass of 
+-- Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.
+fun LandTransitway  : Class ;
+fun LandTransitway_Class : SubClass LandTransitway (both LandArea Transitway) ;
+
+
+-- A system of signs for expressing thought. The 
+-- system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges 
+-- gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created 
+-- by a person or group of people.
+fun Language  : Class ;
+fun Language_Class : SubClass Language LinguisticExpression ;
+
+-- Form of most Invertebrates, Amphibians, and 
+-- Fish immediately after they hatch. This form is fundamentally unlike 
+-- the adult form, and metamorphosis is required to reach the latter form.
+fun Larval  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+-- required by a government or a branch of the government and that are enforced 
+-- with penalties for noncompliance. These Propositions may be codified as 
+-- legislation or they may be more informal, as in the case of government policy.
+fun Law  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all leap years. These are years 
+-- which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly 
+-- divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century).
+fun LeapYear  : Class ;
+fun LeapYear_Class : SubClass LeapYear Year ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes which relate to the 
+-- acquisition of information.
+fun Learning  : Class ;
+fun Learning_Class : SubClass Learning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- (LeastCommonMultipleFn 
+-- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the least common multiple of 
+-- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
+fun LeastCommonMultipleFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- The OrganizationalProcess of 
+-- leaving an Organization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.
+fun LeavingAnOrganization  : Class ;
+fun LeavingAnOrganization_Class : SubClass LeavingAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+-- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+-- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left, so that, 
+-- if one object is to the left of another, then the projections of the 
+-- two objects overlap.
+fun Left  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks 
+-- to obtain something through a court of law.
+fun LegalAction  : Class ;
+fun LegalAction_Class : SubClass LegalAction Contest ;
+
+-- A decision issued by a court with respect to 
+-- a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a 
+-- decision of a court, it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits 
+-- of a particular LegalAction.
+fun LegalDecision  : Class ;
+fun LegalDecision_Class : SubClass LegalDecision (both Declaring JudicialProcess) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Giving Processes where 
+-- the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of 
+-- time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with 
+-- interest).
+fun Lending  : Class ;
+fun Lending_Class : SubClass Lending Giving ;
+
+-- A subclass of
+-- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of length.
+fun LengthMeasure  : Class ;
+fun LengthMeasure_Class : SubClass LengthMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- The ProbabilityAttribute of being probable, i.e. more 
+-- likely than not to be True.
+fun Likely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A Communication that involves 
+-- the transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.
+fun LinguisticCommunication  : Class ;
+fun LinguisticCommunication_Class : SubClass LinguisticCommunication Communication ;
+
+-- This is the subclass of 
+-- ContentBearingPhysical which are language_related. Note that this Class 
+-- encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, 
+-- e.g. Words.
+fun LinguisticExpression  : Class ;
+fun LinguisticExpression_Class : SubClass LinguisticExpression ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+-- An Object has the Attribute of Liquid if 
+-- it has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
+fun Liquid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+
+-- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
+-- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Liquid and any 
+-- component other than Liquid in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
+-- which are suspended in the Liquid.
+fun LiquidMixture  : Class ;
+fun LiquidMixture_Class : SubClass LiquidMixture Mixture ;
+
+-- Any Motion where the patient is a 
+-- Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of 
+-- Water.
+fun LiquidMotion  : Class ;
+fun LiquidMotion_Class : SubClass LiquidMotion Motion ;
+
+-- Every List is a particular ordered n_tuple of 
+-- items. Generally speaking, Lists are created by means of the ListFn 
+-- Function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a 
+-- List with the items in the same order. Anything, including other 
+-- Lists, may be an item in a List. Note too that Lists are 
+-- extensional _ two lists that have the same items in the same order are 
+-- identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case, 
+-- the List is the NullList.
+fun List  : Class ;
+
+
+-- A Function that returns the concatenation 
+-- of the two Lists that are given as arguments. For example, the value of 
+-- (ListConcatenateFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday) (ListFn Wednesday 
+-- Thursday)) would be (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday).
+fun ListConcatenateFn  : El List -> El List -> Ind List ;
+
+
+-- A Function that takes any number of arguments and 
+-- returns the List containing those arguments in exactly the same order.
+fun ListFn  : [El Entity] -> Ind List ;
+
+
+-- A Function that takes a List as its sole 
+-- argument and returns the number of items in the List. For example, 
+-- (ListLengthFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the 
+-- value 3.
+fun ListLengthFn  : El List -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
+
+
+-- (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) denotes the item 
+-- that is in the ?NUMBER position in the List ?LIST. For example, 
+-- (ListOrderFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) 2) would return the 
+-- value Tuesday.
+fun ListOrderFn  : El List -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind Entity ;
+
+
+-- Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.
+fun Listening  : Class ;
+fun Listening_Class : SubClass Listening (both Hearing IntentionalProcess) ;
+
+
+-- Unit of volume in the metric
+-- system. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic
+-- decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: l.
+fun Liter  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
+-- alive.
+fun Living  : Ind AnimacyAttribute ;
+
+
+-- (LogFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns the logarithm of the 
+-- RealNumber ?NUMBER in the base denoted by the Integer ?INT.
+fun LogFn  : El RealNumber -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- This Class comprises all 
+-- of the logical operators (viz. 'and', 'or', 'not', '=>', and '<=>').
+fun LogicalOperator  : Class ;
+
+
+-- Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.
+fun Looking  : Class ;
+fun Looking_Class : SubClass Looking (both IntentionalProcess Seeing) ;
+
+
+-- SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the 
+-- amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 Steradian from a 
+-- uniform point source having an intensity of one Candela. Lumen = 
+-- cd*sr = cd * 1.
+fun Lumen  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the 
+-- amount of illumination provided when one Lumen is evenly distributed 
+-- over an area of 1 square Meter. This is also equivalent to the 
+-- illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one 
+-- Meter from a point source of one Candela. Lux = lm/m^2 = 
+-- m^(_2)*cd.
+fun Lux  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Machines are Devices that that have a 
+-- well_defined resource and result and that automatically convert 
+-- the resource into the result.
+fun Machine  : Class ;
+fun Machine_Class : SubClass Machine Device ;
+
+-- The magnitude of a PhysicalQuantity is the 
+-- numeric value for the quantity. In other words, MagnitudeFn converts 
+-- a PhysicalQuantity with an associated UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary 
+-- RealNumber. For example, the magnitude of the ConstantQuantity 2 
+-- Kilometers is the RealNumber 2. Note that the magnitude of a 
+-- quantity in a given unit times that unit is equal to the original 
+-- quantity.
+fun MagnitudeFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+-- cares for or maintains the Object.
+fun Maintaining  : Class ;
+fun Maintaining_Class : SubClass Maintaining IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- The subclass of Creation in which an individual 
+-- Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.
+fun Making  : Class ;
+fun Making_Class : SubClass Making (both Creation IntentionalProcess) ;
+
+
+-- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
+-- male in nature.
+fun Male  : Ind SexAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
+-- and characterized by the presence of hair, mammary glands, and sweat 
+-- glands.
+fun Mammal  : Class ;
+fun Mammal_Class : SubClass Mammal WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+-- The class of Male Humans.
+fun Man  : Class ;
+fun Man_Class : SubClass Man Human ;
+
+-- OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing 
+-- the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
+-- and its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship between 
+-- the manager and the managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which 
+-- the activities of the regulated are referred.
+fun Managing  : Class ;
+fun Managing_Class : SubClass Managing (both Guiding OrganizationalProcess) ;
+
+
+-- An intentional move or play within a Contest. 
+-- In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for 
+-- winning the Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi_arbitrary 
+-- division of the overarching Contest, e.g. innings in a baseball game.
+fun Maneuver  : Class ;
+fun Maneuver_Class : SubClass Maneuver IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- A ManualHumanLanguage is a
+-- HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement, such 
+-- as the shape, position, and movement of the hands.
+fun ManualHumanLanguage  : Class ;
+fun ManualHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass ManualHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+-- The Making of Artifacts on a mass 
+-- scale.
+fun Manufacture  : Class ;
+fun Manufacture_Class : SubClass Manufacture Making ;
+
+-- Any Corporation which manufactures Products.
+fun Manufacturer  : Class ;
+fun Manufacturer_Class : SubClass Manufacturer Corporation ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are March.
+fun March  : Class ;
+fun March_Class : SubClass March Month ;
+
+-- The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for 
+-- their young.
+fun Marsupial  : Class ;
+fun Marsupial_Class : SubClass Marsupial Mammal ;
+
+-- A subclass of
+-- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of the amount of
+-- matter in an Object.
+fun MassMeasure  : Class ;
+fun MassMeasure_Class : SubClass MassMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- The OrganizationalProcess of joining an 
+-- EducationalOrganization as a student.
+fun Matriculation  : Class ;
+fun Matriculation_Class : SubClass Matriculation JoiningAnOrganization ;
+
+-- (MaxFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the largest of 
+-- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
+-- MaxFn returns one of its arguments.
+fun MaxFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
+-- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the largest sum of weighted arcs 
+-- between the two GraphNodes.
+fun MaximalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are May.
+fun May  : Class ;
+fun May_Class : SubClass May Month ;
+
+-- This BinaryFunction maps a
+-- RealNumber and a UnitOfMeasure to that Number of units. It is
+-- used to express `measured' instances of PhysicalQuantity. Example:
+-- the concept of three meters is represented as (MeasureFn 3
+-- Meter).
+fun MeasureFn  : El RealNumber -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Calculating Processes where 
+-- the aim is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.
+fun Measuring  : Class ;
+fun Measuring_Class : SubClass Measuring Calculating ;
+
+-- Any Device whose purpose is to measure a 
+-- PhysicalQuantity.
+fun MeasuringDevice  : Class ;
+fun MeasuringDevice_Class : SubClass MeasuringDevice Device ;
+
+-- Any Food which was originally part of an 
+-- Animal and is not ingested by drinking, including eggs and animal 
+-- blood that is eaten as food. Note that this class covers both raw 
+-- meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. 
+-- Note too that preparations involving Meat and FruitOrVegetable 
+-- are classed directly under Food.
+fun Meat  : Class ;
+fun Meat_Class : SubClass Meat Food ;
+
+-- The coming together of two or more 
+-- CognitiveAgents for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal 
+-- meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board 
+-- of directors meeting.
+fun Meeting  : Class ;
+fun Meeting_Class : SubClass Meeting SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- One MegaByte (MB) of information. One 
+-- MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is 
+-- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
+fun MegaByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000 units of the original 
+-- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MegaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000 Hertz.
+fun MegaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+-- heated and converted from a Solid to a Liquid.
+fun Melting  : Class ;
+fun Melting_Class : SubClass Melting StateChange ;
+
+-- Any Corporation which sells 
+-- goods or services to customers for a profit.
+fun MercantileOrganization  : Class ;
+fun MercantileOrganization_Class : SubClass MercantileOrganization Corporation ;
+
+-- (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 
+-- ?OBJ2) denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to ?OBJ1 
+-- and not to ?OBJ2.
+fun MereologicalDifferenceFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+
+-- (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+-- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to both ?OBJ1 
+-- and ?OBJ2.
+fun MereologicalProductFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+
+-- (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+-- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to either 
+-- ?OBJ1 or ?OBJ2.
+fun MereologicalSumFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+
+-- A Metal is an ElementalSubstance that conducts heat 
+-- and electricity, is shiny and reflects many colors of light, and can be hammered 
+-- into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements 
+-- (ElementalSubstances) are metals.
+fun Metal  : Class ;
+fun Metal_Class : SubClass Metal ElementalSubstance ;
+
+-- SI UnitOfLength. Symbol: m. It is one of the
+-- base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter 
+-- is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time 
+-- interval of 1/299792458 of a SecondDuration.
+fun Meter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+-- For example, (MicroFn Meter) is .000001 Meters.
+fun MicroFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- An Organism that can be seen only with 
+-- the aid of a microscope.
+fun Microorganism  : Class ;
+fun Microorganism_Class : SubClass Microorganism Organism ;
+
+-- English length unit of miles.
+fun Mile  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- MilitaryForce is the subclass of 
+-- Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the 
+-- purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not 
+-- the force is an official GovernmentOrganization.
+fun MilitaryForce  : Class ;
+fun MilitaryForce_Class : SubClass MilitaryForce PoliticalOrganization ;
+
+-- Any heavily armed Organization 
+-- that is part of a Government and that is charged with representing the 
+-- Government in international conflicts.
+fun MilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
+fun MilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass MilitaryOrganization (both GovernmentOrganization MilitaryForce) ;
+
+
+-- Any Process that is carried out by a 
+-- military organization. Note that this class covers Processes, e.g. 
+-- military operations, that are the result of careful planning, as well as 
+-- those which are unscripted.
+fun MilitaryProcess  : Class ;
+fun MilitaryProcess_Class : SubClass MilitaryProcess PoliticalProcess ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+-- For example, (MilliFn Gram) is .001 Grams.
+fun MilliFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: mm. A millimeter
+-- is the 1000th part of a meter
+fun Millimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+
+-- (MinFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the smallest of 
+-- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
+-- MinFn returns one of its arguments.
+fun MinFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous 
+-- substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or 
+-- synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form 
+-- and properties of a naturally occurring mineral.
+fun Mineral  : Class ;
+fun Mineral_Class : SubClass Mineral Substance ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph 
+-- the Class of GraphPaths which comprise cutsets for the Graph and 
+-- which have the least number of GraphArcs.
+fun MinimalCutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+
+-- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
+-- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the smallest sum of weighted arcs 
+-- between the two GraphNodes.
+fun MinimalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all clock Minutes.
+fun Minute  : Class ;
+fun Minute_Class : SubClass Minute TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.
+fun MinuteDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+-- a subclass of Hours to the Minutes within each Hour corresponding to that 
+-- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (MinuteFn 30 (HourFn 17 Day)) is the Class 
+-- of all 5:30's in the afternoon. For another example, (MinuteFn 15 Hour) would return 
+-- the class of all instances of quarter past the hour. For still another example, 
+-- (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))))) denotes 
+-- 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.
+fun MinuteFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Hour -> Desc Minute ;
+
+
+-- A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances, 
+-- combined in varying proportions _ each retaining its own specific properties. 
+-- The components of a Mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without 
+-- the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly 
+-- dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete.
+fun Mixture  : Class ;
+fun Mixture_Class : SubClass Mixture Substance ;
+
+-- MmMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
+-- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number 
+-- of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer
+--  by the surrounding air pressure.
+fun MmMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
+
+
+-- SI amount of substance
+-- unit. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as
+-- follows: the Mole is the amount of substance of a system which
+-- contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012
+-- Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this UnitOfMeasure is
+-- used, the elementary entities must be specified _ they may be atoms,
+-- molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles.
+fun Mole  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a 
+-- CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties 
+-- of that substance, e.g., Ne, H2, H2O. A molecule is two or more Atoms 
+-- linked by a chemical bond.
+fun Molecule  : Class ;
+fun Molecule_Class : SubClass Molecule CompoundSubstance ;
+
+-- Soft_bodied Invertebrate that is usually 
+-- contained in a shell. Includes oysters, clams, mussels, snails, slugs, 
+-- octopi, and squid.
+fun Mollusk  : Class ;
+fun Mollusk_Class : SubClass Mollusk Invertebrate ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Mondays.
+fun Monday  : Class ;
+fun Monday_Class : SubClass Monday Day ;
+
+-- Various Primates with relatively long 
+-- tails.
+fun Monkey  : Class ;
+fun Monkey_Class : SubClass Monkey Primate ;
+
+-- An Object with this Attribute has 
+-- the same color on every part of its surface.
+fun Monochromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Months.
+fun Month  : Class ;
+fun Month_Class : SubClass Month TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. A month's duration is at least
+-- 28 days, and no more than 31 days. Note that this unit is a range, rather
+-- than an exact amount, unlike most other units.
+fun MonthDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of Month and a 
+-- subclass of Year to the class containing the Months corresponding to thos Years. 
+-- For example (MonthFn January (YearFn 1912)) is the class containing the eighth 
+-- Month, i.e. August, of the Year 1912. For another example, (MonthFn August 
+-- Year) is equal to August, the class of all months of August. Note that this function 
+-- returns a Class as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. 
+-- DayFn, HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
+-- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
+-- these functions classes rather than individuals.
+fun MonthFn : Desc Month -> Desc Year -> Desc Month ;
+
+
+-- Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided 
+-- and which expresses a meaning.
+fun Morpheme  : Class ;
+fun Morpheme_Class : SubClass Morpheme LinguisticExpression ;
+
+-- A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little 
+-- if any vascular tissue.
+fun Moss  : Class ;
+fun Moss_Class : SubClass Moss NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+-- Any Process of movement.
+fun Motion  : Class ;
+fun Motion_Class : SubClass Motion Process ;
+
+-- Motion where an Object is moving toward the 
+-- ground.
+fun MotionDownward  : Class ;
+fun MotionDownward_Class : SubClass MotionDownward Motion ;
+
+-- A ContentBearingObject which depicts motion 
+-- (and which may have an audio or text component as well). This Class covers 
+-- films, videos, etc.
+fun MotionPicture  : Class ;
+fun MotionPicture_Class : SubClass MotionPicture Text ;
+
+-- Motion where an Object is moving away 
+-- from the ground.
+fun MotionUpward  : Class ;
+fun MotionUpward_Class : SubClass MotionUpward Motion ;
+
+-- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+-- Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
+fun MountainTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+
+-- The Class of multigraphs. A multigraph 
+-- is a Graph containing at least one pair of GraphNodes that are 
+-- connected by more than one GraphArc.
+fun MultiGraph  : Class ;
+fun MultiGraph_Class : SubClass MultiGraph Graph ;
+
+-- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
+-- then (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical product 
+-- of these numbers.
+fun MultiplicationFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and 
+-- composed largely of contractile cells.
+fun Muscle  : Class ;
+fun Muscle_Class : SubClass Muscle (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of RadiatingSound where the 
+-- sound is intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately.
+fun Music  : Class ;
+fun Music_Class : SubClass Music RadiatingSound ;
+
+-- A Device which is manipulated by a Human 
+-- and whose purpose is to produce Music.
+fun MusicalInstrument  : Class ;
+fun MusicalInstrument_Class : SubClass MusicalInstrument Device ;
+
+-- A SetOrClass is a MutuallyDisjointClass 
+-- just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of all of the instances of 
+-- the original SetOrClass.
+fun MutuallyDisjointClass  : Class ;
+fun MutuallyDisjointClass_Class : SubClass MutuallyDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
+
+-- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
+-- centipedes and millipedes.
+fun Myriapod  : Class ;
+fun Myriapod_Class : SubClass Myriapod Arthropod ;
+
+-- A Promise where nothing is promised in return, 
+-- i.e. a nudum pactum.
+fun NakedPromise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Process of assigning a name to someone or something.
+fun Naming  : Class ;
+fun Naming_Class : SubClass Naming Declaring ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original 
+-- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MicroFn SecondDuration) is .000000001 
+-- SecondDurations.
+fun NanoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- The broadest GeopoliticalArea, i.e. Nations are 
+-- GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and 
+-- comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts 
+-- of loose international organizations).
+fun Nation  : Class ;
+fun Nation_Class : SubClass Nation (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of HumanLanguages which 
+-- are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This 
+-- Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, 
+-- Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural 
+-- languages.
+fun NaturalLanguage  : Class ;
+fun NaturalLanguage_Class : SubClass NaturalLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+-- A Process that take place in nature
+-- spontanously.
+fun NaturalProcess  : Class ;
+fun NaturalProcess_Class : SubClass NaturalProcess Process ;
+
+-- Any Substance that is not the result of 
+-- an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.
+fun NaturalSubstance  : Class ;
+fun NaturalSubstance_Class : SubClass NaturalSubstance Substance ;
+
+-- The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if 
+-- an object is Near another object, then the objects are not connected.
+fun Near  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+-- necessary, i.e. true in every possible world.
+fun Necessity  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The TimePoint that is before 
+-- all other TimePoints.
+fun NegativeInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
+
+
+-- An Integer that is less than zero.
+fun NegativeInteger  : Class ;
+fun NegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NegativeInteger (both Integer NegativeRealNumber) ;
+
+
+-- A RealNumber that is less than 
+-- zero.
+fun NegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
+fun NegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NegativeRealNumber RealNumber (\NUMBER -> lessThan(var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+
+-- A system in Vertebrates that is made up of 
+-- the Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc.
+fun NervousSystem  : Class ;
+fun NervousSystem_Class : SubClass NervousSystem (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
+
+
+-- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have no 
+-- charge.
+fun Neutron  : Class ;
+fun Neutron_Class : SubClass Neutron SubatomicParticle ;
+
+-- SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force 
+-- which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 Meter per 
+-- SecondDuration. Newton = m*kg*s^(_2).
+fun Newton  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Instances of
+-- this Class are UnitsOfMeasure that are applied to a single
+-- dimension, and so are not intrinsically defined by the functional
+-- composition of other units.
+fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- A Plant that reproduces with spores and 
+-- does not produce flowers.
+fun NonFloweringPlant  : Class ;
+fun NonFloweringPlant_Class : SubClass NonFloweringPlant Plant ;
+
+-- The stage of an Organism before it is 
+-- FullyFormed.
+fun NonFullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Any SetOrClass that contains at least one 
+-- instance.
+fun NonNullSet  : Class ;
+fun NonNullSet_Class : SubClass NonNullSet SetOrClass ;
+
+-- An Integer that is greater than 
+-- or equal to zero.
+fun NonnegativeInteger  : Class ;
+fun NonnegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NonnegativeInteger (both Integer NonnegativeRealNumber) ;
+
+
+-- A RealNumber that is greater than 
+-- or equal to zero.
+fun NonnegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
+fun NonnegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NonnegativeRealNumber RealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThanOrEqualTo(var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+
+-- A Class containing all of the 
+-- Attributes that are specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, 
+-- etiquette, etc. Many of these attributes express a judgement that 
+-- something ought or ought not to be the case.
+fun NormativeAttribute  : Class ;
+fun NormativeAttribute_Class : SubClass NormativeAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- The compass direction of North.
+fun North  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+-- that conventionally denote Objects.
+fun Noun  : Class ;
+fun Noun_Class : SubClass Noun Word ;
+
+-- A Phrase that has the same function as a 
+-- Noun.
+fun NounPhrase  : Class ;
+fun NounPhrase_Class : SubClass NounPhrase Phrase ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are November.
+fun November  : Class ;
+fun November_Class : SubClass November Month ;
+
+-- The List that has no items. The uniqueness of 
+-- NullList follows from the extensionality of Lists, i.e. the fact that 
+-- two Lists with the same items in the same order are identical.
+fun NullList  : Ind List ;
+
+
+-- Any SetOrClass that contains no instances.
+fun NullSet  : Class ;
+fun NullSet_Class : SubClass NullSet SetOrClass ;
+
+-- A measure of how many things there are, or how
+-- much there is, of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into 
+-- RealNumber, ComplexNumber, and ImaginaryNumber.
+fun Number  : Class ;
+fun Number_Class : SubClass Number Quantity ;
+
+-- NumberE is the RealNumber that is the base for 
+-- natural logarithms. It is approximately equal to 2.718282.
+fun NumberE  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
+
+
+-- (NumeratorFn ?NUMBER) returns the numerator 
+-- of the canonical reduced form ?NUMBER.
+fun NumeratorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. 
+-- It is generally ingested as Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role 
+-- in the biologic functioning of the Organism.
+fun Nutrient  : Class ;
+fun Nutrient_Class : SubClass Nutrient BiologicallyActiveSubstance ;
+
+-- Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary 
+-- objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, 
+-- and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical 
+-- class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal 
+-- extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the 
+-- time_axis.
+fun Object  : Class ;
+fun Object_Class : SubClass Object Physical ;
+
+-- The Class of NormativeAttributes that are 
+-- associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is 
+-- broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.
+fun ObjectiveNorm  : Class ;
+fun ObjectiveNorm_Class : SubClass ObjectiveNorm NormativeAttribute ;
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
+-- Agent is required, by some authority, to make true.
+fun Obligation  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are October.
+fun October  : Class ;
+fun October_Class : SubClass October Month ;
+
+-- An Integer that is not evenly divisible 
+-- by 2.
+fun OddInteger  : Class ;
+fun OddInteger_Class : SubClass OddInteger Integer ;
+
+-- The subclass of Committing in which a 
+-- CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings 
+-- may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a 
+-- UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to 
+-- effect a Transaction of some sort).
+fun Offering  : Class ;
+fun Offering_Class : SubClass Offering Committing ;
+
+-- SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric
+-- resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference 
+-- of potential of 1 Volt, applied between these two points,
+-- produces in this conductor a current of 1 Ampere, this conductor not
+-- being the force of any electromotive force. Ohm = V/A = 
+-- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_2).
+fun Ohm  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of properties that are 
+-- detectable by smell.
+fun OlfactoryAttribute  : Class ;
+fun OlfactoryAttribute_Class : SubClass OlfactoryAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+-- This is used to assert that an object is on top of 
+-- another object, and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves 
+-- contact.
+fun On  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+-- have position and an extension along a single dimension, viz. straight lines.
+fun OneDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+fun OneDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OneDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+-- The class of TwoDimensionalFigures that 
+-- are not ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.
+fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OpenTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+-- A Directing in which the receiver is 
+-- commanded to realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders 
+-- are injunctions, the disobedience of which involves sanctions, or 
+-- which express an obligation upon the part of the orderee.
+fun Ordering  : Class ;
+fun Ordering_Class : SubClass Ordering Directing ;
+
+-- A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a 
+-- specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily 
+-- systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.
+fun Organ  : Class ;
+fun Organ_Class : SubClass Organ BodyPart ;
+
+-- A PhysiologicProcess of a 
+-- particular Organ or Tissue.
+fun OrganOrTissueProcess  : Class ;
+fun OrganOrTissueProcess_Class : SubClass OrganOrTissueProcess AutonomicProcess ;
+
+-- This class encompasses Organisms, 
+-- CorpuscularObjects that are parts of Organisms, i.e. BodyParts, 
+-- and CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by 
+-- Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
+fun OrganicObject  : Class ;
+fun OrganicObject_Class : SubClass OrganicObject CorpuscularObject ;
+
+-- Generally, a living individual, including all 
+-- Plants and Animals.
+fun Organism  : Class ;
+fun Organism_Class : SubClass Organism (both Agent OrganicObject) ;
+
+
+-- A physiologic function of the 
+-- Organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems or of multiple 
+-- Organs or Tissues.
+fun OrganismProcess  : Class ;
+fun OrganismProcess_Class : SubClass OrganismProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
+
+-- An Organization is a corporate or similar 
+-- institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common 
+-- purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, 
+-- etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the 
+-- accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. 
+-- Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence 
+-- of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). 
+-- Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member 
+-- should be assumed.
+fun Organization  : Class ;
+fun Organization_Class : SubClass Organization (both CognitiveAgent Group) ;
+
+
+-- An IntentionalProcess that 
+-- involves an Organization.
+fun OrganizationalProcess  : Class ;
+fun OrganizationalProcess_Class : SubClass OrganizationalProcess IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a 
+-- Cup.
+fun Ounce  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- The class of ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures that are 
+-- produced by the intersection of a Cone with a ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure.
+fun Oval  : Class ;
+fun Oval_Class : SubClass Oval ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+-- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+-- western part of the United States.
+fun PacificTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+
+-- A SetOrClass is a PairwiseDisjointClass 
+-- just in case every instance of the SetOrClass is either equal to or disjoint 
+-- from every other instance of the SetOrClass.
+fun PairwiseDisjointClass  : Class ;
+fun PairwiseDisjointClass_Class : SubClass PairwiseDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
+
+-- An Organization which is much like 
+-- a MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it 
+-- is not associated with a Government.
+fun ParamilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
+fun ParamilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass ParamilitaryOrganization MilitaryForce ;
+
+-- An umbrella Class for any Word that does not 
+-- fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small 
+-- term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 
+-- 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the 
+-- subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord 
+-- includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', 
+-- etc.
+fun ParticleWord  : Class ;
+fun ParticleWord_Class : SubClass ParticleWord Word ;
+
+-- SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the 
+-- pressure of one Newton per square Meter. Pascal = N/m^2 
+-- = m^(_1)*kg*s^(_2).
+fun Pascal  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
+-- to the TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at 
+-- NegativeInfinity.
+fun PastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- A Certificate that expresses the content of an 
+-- invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental 
+-- entity.
+fun Patent  : Class ;
+fun Patent_Class : SubClass Patent Certificate ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+-- GraphPath to the sum of the arcWeights on the GraphArcs in 
+-- the GraphPath.
+fun PathWeightFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- A disordered process, activity, or 
+-- state of the Organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of 
+-- multiple Organs or Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a 
+-- negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are 
+-- less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have 
+-- systemic effects.
+fun PathologicProcess  : Class ;
+fun PathologicProcess_Class : SubClass PathologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+-- PerFn maps two instances of PhysicalQuantity to 
+-- the FunctionQuantity composed of these two instances. For example, 
+-- (PerFn (MeasureFn 2 (MicroFn Gram)) (MeasureFn 1 (KiloFn 
+-- Gram))) denotes the FunctionQuantity of 2 micrograms per kiogram. 
+-- This function is useful, because it allows the knowledge engineer to 
+-- dynamically generate instances of FunctionQuantity.
+fun PerFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+
+-- Sensing some aspect of the material world. 
+-- Note that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal.
+fun Perception  : Class ;
+fun Perception_Class : SubClass Perception PsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- Any Attribute whose presence is detected 
+-- by an act of Perception.
+fun PerceptualAttribute  : Class ;
+fun PerceptualAttribute_Class : SubClass PerceptualAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- A Series whose elements are published separately 
+-- and on a periodic basis.
+fun Periodical  : Class ;
+fun Periodical_Class : SubClass Periodical Series ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of 
+-- Periodical and a number to all of the issues of the Periodical corresponding 
+-- to the number.
+fun PeriodicalIssueFn : Desc Periodical -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Periodical ;
+
+
+-- A Residence where people live, i.e. 
+-- where people have a home.
+fun PermanentResidence  : Class ;
+fun PermanentResidence_Class : SubClass PermanentResidence Residence ;
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
+-- Agent is permitted, by some authority, to make true.
+fun Permission  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A set of Words in a Language which form a unit, 
+-- i.e. express a meaning in the Language.
+fun Phrase  : Class ;
+fun Phrase_Class : SubClass Phrase LinguisticExpression ;
+
+-- An entity that has a location in space_time. 
+-- Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in 
+-- space_time.
+fun Physical  : Class ;
+fun Physical_Class : SubClass Physical Entity ;
+
+-- An InternalAttribute given by physical
+-- properties of the object.
+fun PhysicalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun PhysicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PhysicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of 
+-- some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's 
+-- diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable 
+-- solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial 
+-- coordinates). Every PhysicalQuantity is either a ConstantQuantity
+-- or FunctionQuantity. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent 
+-- on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are 
+-- Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances 
+-- of ConstantQuantity (e.g., a TimeDependentQuantity is a
+-- FunctionQuantity). Although the name and definition of 
+-- PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, a PhysicalQuantity need 
+-- not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, 
+-- etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. 
+-- Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. 
+-- A PhysicalQuantity is distinguished from a pure Number by the fact that 
+-- the former is associated with a dimension of measurement.
+fun PhysicalQuantity  : Class ;
+fun PhysicalQuantity_Class : SubClass PhysicalQuantity Quantity ;
+
+-- The physical state of an Object. There 
+-- are three reified instances of this Class: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. 
+-- Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one 
+-- substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical 
+-- states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a 
+-- substance still called iron.
+fun PhysicalState  : Class ;
+fun PhysicalState_Class : SubClass PhysicalState InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- PhysicalSystem is the class of complex 
+-- Physical things. A PhysicalSystem may have one or more 
+-- corresponding abstract Graph representations.
+fun PhysicalSystem  : Class ;
+fun PhysicalSystem_Class : SubClass PhysicalSystem Physical ;
+
+-- A normal process of an Organism 
+-- or part of an Organism.
+fun PhysiologicProcess  : Class ;
+fun PhysiologicProcess_Class : SubClass PhysiologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+-- Pi is the RealNumber that 
+-- is the ratio of the perimeter of a circle to its diameter. It is 
+-- approximately equal to 3.141592653589793.
+fun Pi  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+-- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original 
+-- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (PicoFn SecondDuration) is .000000000001 
+-- SecondDurations.
+fun PicoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a 
+-- Quart.
+fun Pint  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- A specification of a sequence of Processes which 
+-- is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.
+fun Plan  : Class ;
+fun Plan_Class : SubClass Plan Procedure ;
+
+-- The value of an angle in a plane.
+fun PlaneAngleMeasure  : Class ;
+fun PlaneAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass PlaneAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
+
+-- Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a 
+-- set of goals or objectives.
+fun Planning  : Class ;
+fun Planning_Class : SubClass Planning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- An Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing 
+-- by synthesis of Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of 
+-- chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion.
+fun Plant  : Class ;
+fun Plant_Organism  : SubClassC Plant Organism (\PLANT -> and (forall PlantSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var PlantSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))) (forall PlantAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var PlantAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))));
+
+
+-- AnatomicalStructures that 
+-- are possessed exclusively by Plants.
+fun PlantAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+fun PlantAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass PlantAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+-- BodySubstances that are produced 
+-- exclusively by Plants.
+fun PlantSubstance  : Class ;
+fun PlantSubstance_Class : SubClass PlantSubstance BodySubstance ;
+
+-- An extremely energetic PhysicalState that consists 
+-- of atomic nuclei stripped of electrons. That is, a plasma is composed of 
+-- positive ions and free electrons. Plasma behaves differently enough from 
+-- Gas that it is referred to as the fourth state of matter.
+fun Plasma  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+
+-- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
+-- can easily be altered.
+fun Pliable  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A Poisoning is caused by an external 
+-- substance. Since Poisoning is not possible without some biologic 
+-- function which affects the Organism being injured, it is a subclass 
+-- of BiologicalProcess.
+fun Poisoning  : Class ;
+fun Poisoning_Class : SubClass Poisoning Injuring ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where the agent
+-- pierces the surface of the Object with an instrument.
+fun Poking  : Class ;
+fun Poking_Class : SubClass Poking IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- Any GovernmentOrganization 
+-- that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.
+fun PoliceOrganization  : Class ;
+fun PoliceOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliceOrganization GovernmentOrganization ;
+
+-- An Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort 
+-- of political change.
+fun PoliticalOrganization  : Class ;
+fun PoliticalOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliticalOrganization Organization ;
+
+-- An OrganizationalProcess carried 
+-- out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples 
+-- would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, 
+-- or even overthrowing a government in a revolution.
+fun PoliticalProcess  : Class ;
+fun PoliticalProcess_Class : SubClass PoliticalProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+-- A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male 
+-- gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same 
+-- species.
+fun Pollen  : Class ;
+fun Pollen_Class : SubClass Pollen (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+
+-- An Object with this Attribute has 
+-- different colors on different parts of its surface.
+fun Polychromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A formal position of reponsibility within an 
+-- Organization. Examples of Positions include president, laboratory 
+-- director, senior researcher, sales representative, etc.
+fun Position  : Class ;
+fun Position_Class : SubClass Position SocialRole ;
+
+-- Attributes characterizing the 
+-- orientation of an Object, e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal, Left 
+-- versus Right etc.
+fun PositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun PositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass PositionalAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- The TimePoint that is after 
+-- all other TimePoints.
+fun PositiveInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
+
+
+-- An Integer that is greater than zero.
+fun PositiveInteger  : Class ;
+fun PositiveInteger_Class : SubClass PositiveInteger (both NonnegativeInteger PositiveRealNumber) ;
+
+
+-- A RealNumber that is greater than 
+-- zero.
+fun PositiveRealNumber  : Class ;
+fun PositiveRealNumber_NonnegativeRealNumber  : SubClassC PositiveRealNumber NonnegativeRealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThan(var NonnegativeRealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+-- possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world.
+fun Possibility  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
+
+
+-- English pound of force. The conversion
+-- factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A
+-- mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this 
+-- constant.
+fun PoundForce  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- English mass unit of pounds.
+fun PoundMass  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- (PowerSetFn ?CLASS) maps the SetOrClass 
+-- ?CLASS to the SetOrClass of all subclasses of ?CLASS.
+fun PowerSetFn : El SetOrClass -> Desc SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- Precipitation is the process of 
+-- water molecules falling from the air to the ground, in either a 
+-- liquid or frozen state.
+fun Precipitation  : Class ;
+fun Precipitation_Class : SubClass Precipitation (both Falling (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess)) ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to 
+-- its predecessor, e.g. the predecessor of 5 is 4.
+fun PredecessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs 
+-- which might be realized in the future.
+fun Predicting  : Class ;
+fun Predicting_Class : SubClass Predicting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- (PremisesFn ?ARGUMENT) returns the complete 
+-- set of premises of the Argument ?ARGUMENT.
+fun PremisesFn  : El Argument -> Ind Proposition ;
+
+
+-- A Phrase that begins with a 
+-- preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.
+fun PrepositionalPhrase  : Class ;
+fun PrepositionalPhrase_Class : SubClass PrepositionalPhrase Phrase ;
+
+-- Any SocialInteraction where a 
+-- CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make 
+-- another CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents believe 
+-- something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, 
+-- impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few 
+-- examples.
+fun Pretending  : Class ;
+fun Pretending_Class : SubClass Pretending SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- Colors which can be blended to form any 
+-- color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.
+fun PrimaryColor  : Class ;
+fun PrimaryColor_Class : SubClass PrimaryColor ColorAttribute ;
+
+-- The Class of Mammals which are 
+-- Primates.
+fun Primate  : Class ;
+fun Primate_Class : SubClass Primate Mammal ;
+
+-- An Integer that is evenly divisible only 
+-- by itself and 1.
+fun PrimeNumber  : Class ;
+fun PrimeNumber_Class : SubClass PrimeNumber Integer ;
+
+-- A class containing all of the Attributes 
+-- relating to objective, qualitative assessments of probability, e.g. Likely and 
+-- Unlikely.
+fun ProbabilityAttribute  : Class ;
+fun ProbabilityAttribute_Class : SubClass ProbabilityAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+-- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations, 
+-- ProbabilityFn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of 
+-- affairs. (ProbabilityFn ?FORMULA) denotes the a priori probability 
+-- of ?FORMULA.
+fun ProbabilityFn  : Formula -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- A sequence_dependent specification. Some 
+-- examples are ComputerPrograms, finite_state machines, cooking recipes, 
+-- musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts 
+-- of plays and movies.
+fun Procedure  : Class ;
+fun Procedure_Class : SubClass Procedure Proposition ;
+
+-- The class of things that happen 
+-- and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events 
+-- like a football match or a race, actions like Pursuing and Reading, 
+-- and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that occurs in
+-- time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have 
+-- participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players 
+-- in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose 
+-- spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages 
+-- roughly perpendicular to the time_axis.
+fun Process  : Class ;
+fun Process_Class : SubClass Process Physical ;
+
+-- An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture.
+fun Product  : Class ;
+fun Product_Class : SubClass Product Artifact ;
+
+-- Prohibition is the DeonticAttribute that 
+-- applies to Formulas that an Agent is forbidden, by some authority, 
+-- to make true.
+fun Prohibition  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Propositions that 
+-- an Agent promises to make true. Promises may be implicit or explicit. 
+-- They may be expressed in a written or verbal or gestural manner.
+fun Promise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to the 
+-- Set of Objects owned by the Agent.
+fun PropertyFn  : El Agent -> Ind Set ;
+
+
+-- Propositions are Abstract entities that 
+-- express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, 
+-- the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the 
+-- entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that 
+-- propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual 
+-- sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by 
+-- theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish 
+-- Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A 
+-- Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, 
+-- but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. 
+-- A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: 
+-- strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is 
+-- on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed 
+-- on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence 
+-- of sounds or by some non_latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form
+fun Proposition  : Class ;
+fun Proposition_Class : SubClass Proposition Abstract ;
+
+-- The BodyPosition of lying down, being in a 
+-- horizontal position.
+fun Prostrate  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+
+-- A Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by 
+-- peptide bonds.
+fun Protein  : Class ;
+fun Protein_Class : SubClass Protein Nutrient ;
+
+-- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have a 
+-- positive charge.
+fun Proton  : Class ;
+fun Proton_Class : SubClass Proton SubatomicParticle ;
+
+-- The Class of pseudographs. A pseudograph 
+-- is a Graph containing at least one GraphLoop.
+fun PseudoGraph  : Class ;
+fun PseudoGraph_Class : SubClass PseudoGraph Graph ;
+
+-- Attributes that characterize the mental 
+-- or behavioral life of an Organism.
+fun PsychologicalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun PsychologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PsychologicalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- A clinically significant 
+-- dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. 
+-- These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies 
+-- or manifestations.
+fun PsychologicalDysfunction  : Class ;
+fun PsychologicalDysfunction_Class : SubClass PsychologicalDysfunction (both DiseaseOrSyndrome PsychologicalAttribute) ;
+
+
+-- A BiologicalProcess which takes place in 
+-- the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior 
+-- of the Organism.
+fun PsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
+fun PsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass PsychologicalProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+-- The Manufacture of Texts. Note that 
+-- there is no implication that the Texts are distributed. Such 
+-- distribution, when it occurs, is an instance of Dissemination.
+fun Publication  : Class ;
+fun Publication_Class : SubClass Publication (both ContentDevelopment Manufacture) ;
+
+
+-- A Contract between two Agents in 
+-- which one Agent agrees to render the other some good or service in 
+-- exchange for currency.
+fun PurchaseContract  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Substances with constant 
+-- composition. A PureSubstance can be either an element (ElementalSubstance) 
+-- or a compound of elements (CompoundSubstance). Examples: Table salt 
+-- (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), water (H_2O), 
+-- iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2).
+fun PureSubstance  : Class ;
+fun PureSubstance_Class : SubClass PureSubstance Substance ;
+
+-- The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is 
+-- sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking.
+fun Pursuing  : Class ;
+fun Pursuing_Class : SubClass Pursuing IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where something is put 
+-- in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole 
+-- destination.
+fun Putting  : Class ;
+fun Putting_Class : SubClass Putting Transfer ;
+
+-- Any specification of how many or how much of 
+-- something there is. Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: 
+-- Number (how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much).
+fun Quantity  : Class ;
+fun Quantity_Class : SubClass Quantity Abstract ;
+
+-- Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity 
+-- associated with the patient is altered.
+fun QuantityChange  : Class ;
+fun QuantityChange_Class : SubClass QuantityChange InternalChange ;
+
+-- English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a 
+-- UnitedStatesGallon.
+fun Quart  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- A request for information. For example, John asked 
+-- Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the Union 
+-- address.
+fun Questioning  : Class ;
+fun Questioning_Class : SubClass Questioning Directing ;
+
+-- SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the 
+-- angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's 
+-- radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a 
+-- circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the 
+-- radius. Radian = m/m = 1.
+fun Radian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Processes in which some form of electromagnetic 
+-- radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given 
+-- off or absorbed by something else.
+fun Radiating  : Class ;
+fun Radiating_Class : SubClass Radiating Motion ;
+
+-- RadiatingElectromagnetic 
+-- is the subclass of Radiating processes in which electromagnetic 
+-- radiation is transmitted or absorbed.
+fun RadiatingElectromagnetic  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingElectromagnetic_Class : SubClass RadiatingElectromagnetic Radiating ;
+
+-- Any instance of Radiating where the 
+-- wavelengths are longer than those of visible light and shorter than those 
+-- of radio emissions.
+fun RadiatingInfrared  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingInfrared_Class : SubClass RadiatingInfrared RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+
+-- The subclass of Radiating in which 
+-- light is given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking, flashing, 
+-- and glittering.
+fun RadiatingLight  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingLight_Class : SubClass RadiatingLight RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+
+-- Releasing atomic energy, i.e. energy from 
+-- a nuclear reaction.
+fun RadiatingNuclear  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingNuclear_Class : SubClass RadiatingNuclear Radiating ;
+
+-- The subclass of Radiating in which 
+-- sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, 
+-- roaring, and whistling.
+fun RadiatingSound  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingSound_Class : SubClass RadiatingSound Radiating ;
+
+fun RadiatingXRay  : Class ;
+fun RadiatingXRay_Class : SubClass RadiatingXRay RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+-- A TemperatureMeasure. Note 
+-- that 0 RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 
+-- KelvinDegrees).
+fun RankineDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+
+-- Any RealNumber that is the product of 
+-- dividing two Integers.
+fun RationalNumber  : Class ;
+fun RationalNumber_Class : SubClass RationalNumber RealNumber ;
+
+-- (RationalNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns 
+-- the rational representation of ?NUMBER.
+fun RationalNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RationalNumber ;
+
+
+-- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
+-- content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. 
+-- Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a 
+-- Text is read silently.
+fun Reading  : Class ;
+fun Reading_Class : SubClass Reading ContentDevelopment ;
+
+-- Any Number that can be expressed as a 
+-- (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any Number that has a position 
+-- on the number line.
+fun RealNumber  : Class ;
+fun RealNumber_Class : SubClass RealNumber Number ;
+
+-- (RealNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of 
+-- ?NUMBER that is a RealNumber.
+fun RealNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- which involve concluding, on the basis of either deductive or inductive 
+-- evidence, that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.
+fun Reasoning  : Class ;
+fun Reasoning_Class : SubClass Reasoning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- (ReciprocalFn ?NUMBER) is the reciprocal 
+-- element of ?NUMBER with respect to the multiplication operator 
+-- (MultiplicationFn), i.e. 1/?NUMBER. Not all numbers have a reciprocal 
+-- element. For example the number 0 does not. If a number ?NUMBER has a 
+-- reciprocal ?RECIP, then the product of ?NUMBER and ?RECIP will be 
+-- 1, e.g. 3*1/3 = 1. The reciprocal of an element is equal to 
+-- applying the ExponentiationFn function to the element to the power 
+-- _1.
+fun ReciprocalFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- A Process that is carried out for 
+-- the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a 
+-- subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether 
+-- or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same 
+-- program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely 
+-- to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an 
+-- instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of 
+-- watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since 
+-- being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention).
+fun RecreationOrExercise  : Class ;
+fun RecreationOrExercise_Class : SubClass RecreationOrExercise IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- A function that is useful for generating 
+-- recurring time intervals. For example, (RecurrentTimeIntervalFn (HourFn 6 Day) 
+-- (HourFn 12 Day)) returns the Class of TimeIntervals beginning at 6 in the 
+-- morning and ending at 12 noon. For another example, (RecurrentTimeInterval 
+-- Saturday Sunday) returns the Class of all weekends. For still another example, 
+-- (RecurrentTimeInterval June August) returns the Class containing the academic 
+-- summer period.
+fun RecurrentTimeIntervalFn : Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- The Attribute of redness.
+fun Red  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+
+-- A topographic location. Regions encompass 
+-- surfaces of Objects, imaginary places, and GeographicAreas. Note 
+-- that a Region is the only kind of Object which can be located at 
+-- itself. Note too that Region is not a subclass of SelfConnectedObject, 
+-- because some Regions, e.g. archipelagos, have parts which are not 
+-- connected with one another.
+fun Region  : Class ;
+fun Region_Class : SubClass Region Object ;
+
+-- an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement 
+-- of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
+-- and the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship 
+-- between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed, while the 
+-- former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are 
+-- referred.
+fun RegulatoryProcess  : Class ;
+fun RegulatoryProcess_Class : SubClass RegulatoryProcess Guiding ;
+
+-- Any Attribute that an Entity has by 
+-- virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities, 
+-- e.g. SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.
+fun RelationalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun RelationalAttribute_Class : SubClass RelationalAttribute Attribute ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
+-- SetOrClasses to the difference between these SetOrClasses. More 
+-- precisely, (RelativeComplementFn ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) denotes the instances 
+-- of ?CLASS1 that are not also instances of ?CLASS2.
+fun RelativeComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A means of converting TimePositions 
+-- between different TimeZones. (RelativeTimeFn ?TIME ?ZONE) 
+-- denotes the TimePosition in CoordinatedUniversalTime that is 
+-- contemporaneous with the TimePosition ?TIME in TimeZone ?ZONE.
+-- For example, (RelativeTimeFn (MeasureFn 14 HourDuration) EasternTimeZone) 
+-- would return the value (MeasureFn 19 HourDuration).
+fun RelativeTimeFn  : El TimePosition -> El TimeZone -> Ind TimePosition ;
+
+
+-- Any instance of Transfer which results in 
+-- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
+-- which he/she grasps previously.
+fun Releasing  : Class ;
+fun Releasing_Class : SubClass Releasing Transfer ;
+
+-- An Organization whose members 
+-- share a set of religious beliefs.
+fun ReligiousOrganization  : Class ;
+fun ReligiousOrganization_Class : SubClass ReligiousOrganization (both BeliefGroup Organization) ;
+
+
+-- An OrganizationalProcess that is 
+-- carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.
+fun ReligiousProcess  : Class ;
+fun ReligiousProcess_Class : SubClass ReligiousProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+-- (RemainderFn ?NUMBER ?DIVISOR) is the 
+-- remainder of the number ?NUMBER divided by the number ?DIVISOR. 
+-- The result has the same sign as ?DIVISOR.
+fun RemainderFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which 
+-- involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge 
+-- which was previously acquired.
+fun Remembering  : Class ;
+fun Remembering_Class : SubClass Remembering PsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where something is 
+-- taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location 
+-- are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively.
+fun Removing  : Class ;
+fun Removing_Class : SubClass Removing Transfer ;
+
+-- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+-- makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not 
+-- functioning as intended so that it works properly.
+fun Repairing  : Class ;
+fun Repairing_Class : SubClass Repairing IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- The Process of biological reproduction. 
+-- This can be either a sexual or an asexual process.
+fun Replication  : Class ;
+fun Replication_Class : SubClass Replication OrganismProcess ;
+
+-- Any ArtWork that represents 
+-- something Physical.
+fun RepresentationalArtWork  : Class ;
+fun RepresentationalArtWork_Class : SubClass RepresentationalArtWork (both ArtWork Icon) ;
+
+
+-- Reproductive structure of Organisms. 
+-- Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. 
+-- Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and FruitOrVegetables, as 
+-- well as the eggs produced by Animals.
+fun ReproductiveBody  : Class ;
+fun ReproductiveBody_Class : SubClass ReproductiveBody BodyPart ;
+
+-- A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external 
+-- covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of 
+-- Lungs and generally lay eggs.
+fun Reptile  : Class ;
+fun Reptile_Class : SubClass Reptile ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+-- A request expresses a desire that some future 
+-- action be performed. For example, the 5th Battalion requested air support 
+-- from the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals, 
+-- recommendations, suggestions, etc.
+fun Requesting  : Class ;
+fun Requesting_Class : SubClass Requesting Directing ;
+
+-- A Building or part of a Building which provides 
+-- some accomodation for sleeping.
+fun Residence  : Class ;
+fun Residence_Class : SubClass Residence StationaryArtifact ;
+
+-- A Building which provides some 
+-- accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just 
+-- permanent residences, e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, 
+-- but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. 
+-- ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from CommercialBuildings, 
+-- which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential 
+-- function.
+fun ResidentialBuilding  : Class ;
+fun ResidentialBuilding_Class : SubClass ResidentialBuilding (both Building Residence) ;
+
+
+-- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+-- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right, so that, 
+-- if one object is to the right of another, then the projections of the 
+-- two objects overlap.
+fun Right  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
+-- cannot be altered without breaking.
+fun Rigid  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways 
+-- that are areas intended for surface travel by self_powered, wheeled 
+-- vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been 
+-- at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. 
+-- Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and 
+-- expressways.
+fun Roadway  : Class ;
+fun Roadway_Class : SubClass Roadway LandTransitway ;
+
+-- The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs 
+-- of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and 
+-- rabbits.
+fun Rodent  : Class ;
+fun Rodent_Class : SubClass Rodent Mammal ;
+
+-- A properPart of a Building which is separated from 
+-- the exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. 
+-- Some Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, 
+-- entertainment, etc.
+fun Room  : Class ;
+fun Room_Class : SubClass Room StationaryArtifact ;
+
+-- An Object with this Attribute has a rough 
+-- surface.
+fun Rough  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
+
+
+-- (RoundFn ?NUMBER) is the Integer closest 
+-- to ?NUMBER on the number line. If ?NUMBER is halfway between two 
+-- Integers (for example 3.5), it denotes the larger Integer.
+fun RoundFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a 
+-- way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a 
+-- period of time.
+fun Running  : Class ;
+fun Running_Class : SubClass Running Ambulating ;
+
+-- A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. 
+-- oceans and seas.
+fun SaltWaterArea  : Class ;
+fun SaltWaterArea_Class : SubClass SaltWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+-- A Class of Attributes that specify, in 
+-- a qualitative manner, the extent of the presence of one kind of Object in 
+-- another kind of Object.
+fun SaturationAttribute  : Class ;
+fun SaturationAttribute_Class : SubClass SaturationAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Saturdays.
+fun Saturday  : Class ;
+fun Saturday_Class : SubClass Saturday Day ;
+
+-- The Class of all clock Seconds.
+fun Second  : Class ;
+fun Second_Class : SubClass Second TimeInterval ;
+
+-- SI UnitOfDuration. Symbol: s. 
+-- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
+-- follows: the SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of 
+-- the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine 
+-- levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
+fun SecondDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and a 
+-- subclass of Minutes to the Seconds within each Minute corresponding to that 
+-- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (SecondFn 4 (MinuteFn 5 Hour)) is the Class 
+-- of all fourth Seconds of every fifth Minute of every hour. For another example, 
+-- (SecondFn 8 Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still 
+-- another example, (SecondFn 9 (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn 
+-- August (YearFn 1912)))))) denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th 
+-- day of August 1912.
+fun SecondFn : El PositiveRealNumber -> Desc Minute -> Desc Second ;
+
+
+-- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody 
+-- of a FloweringPlant.
+fun Seed  : Class ;
+fun Seed_Class : SubClass Seed (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+-- sensing is done by an ocular Organ.
+fun Seeing  : Class ;
+fun Seeing_Class : SubClass Seeing Perception ;
+
+-- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+-- which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. 
+-- Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.
+fun Selecting  : Class ;
+fun Selecting_Class : SubClass Selecting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+-- A SelfConnectedObject is any 
+-- Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.
+fun SelfConnectedObject  : Class ;
+fun SelfConnectedObject_Class : SubClass SelfConnectedObject Object ;
+
+-- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
+-- Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.
+fun Selling  : Class ;
+fun Selling_Class : SubClass Selling FinancialTransaction ;
+
+-- A syntactically well_formed formula of a 
+-- Language. It includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which 
+-- may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a Proposition.
+fun Sentence  : Class ;
+fun Sentence_Class : SubClass Sentence LinguisticExpression ;
+
+-- An Agent that has rights but may or may 
+-- not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are 
+-- present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. 
+-- Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not 
+-- also CognitiveAgents.
+fun SentientAgent  : Class ;
+fun SentientAgent_Class : SubClass SentientAgent Agent ;
+
+-- A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is 
+-- separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different 
+-- from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not 
+-- being connected. Note too that Separating is different from 
+-- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated 
+-- may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated.
+fun Separating  : Class ;
+fun Separating_Class : SubClass Separating DualObjectProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of all Months which are September.
+fun September  : Class ;
+fun September_Class : SubClass September Month ;
+
+-- A Text consisting of multiple self_contained units. 
+-- Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television 
+-- series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc.
+fun Series  : Class ;
+fun Series_Class : SubClass Series Text ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps a type of Series 
+-- (e.g. the Encyclopedia_Britannica or the Popular_Mechanics periodical) and a 
+-- number to the volumes of the text type designated by the number.
+fun SeriesVolumeFn : Desc Series -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Text ;
+
+
+-- ServiceProcess denotes the class
+-- of events in which one agent performs a service for another. The
+-- service need not be commercial, and it need not be the case that
+-- the serviceRecipient pays or recompenses the serviceProvider
+-- for the service.
+fun ServiceProcess  : Class ;
+fun ServiceProcess_Class : SubClass ServiceProcess SocialInteraction ;
+
+-- A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as
+-- other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ 
+-- from Classes in two important respects. First, Sets are extensional _ 
+-- two Sets with the same elements are identical. Second, a Set can be 
+-- an arbitrary stock of objects. That is, there is no requirement that Sets 
+-- have an associated condition that determines their membership. Note that Sets 
+-- are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. elements of a Set may occur more 
+-- than once in the Set.
+fun Set  : Class ;
+fun Set_Class : SubClass Set SetOrClass ;
+
+-- The SetOrClass of Sets
+-- and Classes, i.e. any instance of Abstract that has elements or
+-- instances.
+fun SetOrClass  : Class ;
+fun SetOrClass_Class : SubClass SetOrClass Abstract ;
+
+-- Attributes that indicate the sex of an 
+-- Organism.
+fun SexAttribute  : Class ;
+fun SexAttribute_Class : SubClass SexAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- Sexual Processes of biological 
+-- reproduction.
+fun SexualReproduction  : Class ;
+fun SexualReproduction_Class : SubClass SexualReproduction Replication ;
+
+-- Any Attribute that relates to the 
+-- shape of an Object.
+fun ShapeAttribute  : Class ;
+fun ShapeAttribute_Class : SubClass ShapeAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+-- The Process of changing the shape of an Object.
+fun ShapeChange  : Class ;
+fun ShapeChange_Class : SubClass ShapeChange InternalChange ;
+
+-- The subclass of Impelling where the patient 
+-- is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of 
+-- Device.
+fun Shooting  : Class ;
+fun Shooting_Class : SubClass Shooting Impelling ;
+
+-- A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 
+-- 1_3 km wide bordering a body of water, such as an ocean, bay, river, 
+-- or lake. A ShoreArea may comprise a variety of LandForms, such as dunes, 
+-- sloughs, and marshes.
+fun ShoreArea  : Class ;
+fun ShoreArea_Class : SubClass ShoreArea LandArea ;
+
+-- SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. 
+-- In the case of direct current, the conductance in Siemens is the 
+-- reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms, in the case of alternating current, 
+-- it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = 
+-- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^(3)*A^2.
+fun Siemens  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is 
+-- a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The Sievert makes it 
+-- possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes 
+-- into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, 
+-- since each form of such radiation__e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons__
+-- has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed 
+-- dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in Sievert) is 
+-- the dose of the radiation in Gray multiplied by a quality factor that 
+-- is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. 
+-- Accordingly, one Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation 
+-- roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one Gray of gamma 
+-- radiation. Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(_2)
+fun Sievert  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- (SignumFn ?NUMBER) denotes the sign of ?NUMBER. 
+-- This is one of the following values: _1, 1, or 0.
+fun SignumFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- (SineFn ?DEGREE) is the sine of the 
+-- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The sine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side 
+-- opposite ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
+fun SineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- Speaking that is also Music.
+fun Singing  : Class ;
+fun Singing_Class : SubClass Singing (both Music Speaking) ;
+
+
+-- SingleAgentProcess 
+-- is the Class of all Processes that require exactly one agent in order to occur.
+fun SingleAgentProcess  : Class ;
+fun SingleAgentProcess_Class : SubClass SingleAgentProcess Process ;
+
+-- A PermanentResidence which is 
+-- intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers 
+-- Houses, ApartmentUnits, and CondominiumUnits.
+fun SingleFamilyResidence  : Class ;
+fun SingleFamilyResidence_Class : SubClass SingleFamilyResidence PermanentResidence ;
+
+-- The BodyPosition of being recumbent, i.e. 
+-- knees bent and back side supported.
+fun Sitting  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+
+-- The system of Bones that make up the supporting structure 
+-- of Vertebrates.
+fun Skeleton  : Class ;
+fun Skeleton_Class : SubClass Skeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
+
+
+-- English mass unit of slugs.
+fun Slug  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+-- sensing is done by an olefactory Organ.
+fun Smelling  : Class ;
+fun Smelling_Class : SubClass Smelling Perception ;
+
+-- A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is 
+-- produced by Combustion.
+fun Smoke  : Class ;
+fun Smoke_Class : SubClass Smoke Cloud ;
+
+-- An Object with this Attribute has a smooth 
+-- surface.
+fun Smooth  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The subclass of 
+-- IntentionalProcess that involves interactions between 
+-- CognitiveAgents.
+fun SocialInteraction  : Class ;
+fun SocialInteraction_Class : SubClass SocialInteraction IntentionalProcess ;
+
+-- The Class of all Attributes that 
+-- specify the position or status of a CognitiveAgent within an 
+-- Organization or other Group.
+fun SocialRole  : Class ;
+fun SocialRole_Class : SubClass SocialRole RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- A GroupOfPeople who all have the same home.
+fun SocialUnit  : Class ;
+fun SocialUnit_Class : SubClass SocialUnit GroupOfPeople ;
+
+-- An Object has the Attribute of Solid if it 
+-- has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
+fun Solid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+
+-- The value of an angle in a solid.
+fun SolidAngleMeasure  : Class ;
+fun SolidAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass SolidAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
+
+-- A liquid mixture. The most abundant component in 
+-- a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. 
+-- A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition. 
+-- Any amount of salt, up to a maximum limit, can be dissolved in a given 
+-- amount of water.
+fun Solution  : Class ;
+fun Solution_Class : SubClass Solution LiquidMixture ;
+
+-- The volume of sound relative to a listener.
+fun SoundAttribute  : Class ;
+fun SoundAttribute_Class : SubClass SoundAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- The compass direction of South.
+fun South  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a 
+-- Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which 
+-- involves his/her vocal cords.
+fun Speaking  : Class ;
+fun Speaking_Class : SubClass Speaking (both LinguisticCommunication Vocalizing) ;
+
+
+-- Maps an instance of LengthMeasure and an instance of 
+-- TimeDuration to the speed represented by this proportion of distance and time. 
+-- For example, (SpeedFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile)(MeasureFn 1 HourDuration)) 
+-- represents the velocity of 55 miles per hour.
+fun SpeedFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+
+-- A flexible column made out of bones called 
+-- vertebrae. The main function of the SpinalColumn is to protect the 
+-- spinal cord.
+fun SpinalColumn  : Class ;
+fun SpinalColumn_Class : SubClass SpinalColumn (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
+
+
+-- A SpokenHumanLanguage is a
+-- HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also 
+-- berepresented visually through writing, although not all 
+-- SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified written form.
+fun SpokenHumanLanguage  : Class ;
+fun SpokenHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass SpokenHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+-- Any ReproductiveBody of a NonFloweringPlant.
+fun Spore  : Class ;
+fun Spore_Class : SubClass Spore (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+
+-- A Game which requires some degree of physical 
+-- exercion from the participants of the game.
+fun Sport  : Class ;
+fun Sport_Class : SubClass Sport Game ;
+
+-- (SquareRootFn ?NUMBER) is the principal 
+-- square root of ?NUMBER.
+fun SquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Number ;
+
+
+-- The BodyPosition of being upright, i.e. being 
+-- fully extended and supported by nothing other than one's own feet.
+fun Standing  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+
+-- Any Process where the PhysicalState 
+-- of part of the patient of the Process changes.
+fun StateChange  : Class ;
+fun StateChange_Class : SubClass StateChange InternalChange ;
+
+-- The class StateOfMind is distinguished from 
+-- its complement TraitAttribute by the fact that instances of the former are 
+-- transient while instances of the latter are persistent features of a creature's behavioral/psychological make_up.
+fun StateOfMind  : Class ;
+fun StateOfMind_Class : SubClass StateOfMind PsychologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- Administrative subdivisions of a 
+-- Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that 
+-- may exist. This Class includes the states of the United States, as 
+-- well as the provinces of Canada and European countries.
+fun StateOrProvince  : Class ;
+fun StateOrProvince_Class : SubClass StateOrProvince (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+
+-- A WaterArea in which water does not flow 
+-- constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.
+fun StaticWaterArea  : Class ;
+fun StaticWaterArea_Class : SubClass StaticWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+-- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. 
+-- For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.
+fun Stating  : Class ;
+fun Stating_Class : SubClass Stating LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+-- A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact 
+-- that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are 
+-- architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, 
+-- single_family houses, etc.
+fun StationaryArtifact  : Class ;
+fun StationaryArtifact_Class : SubClass StationaryArtifact Artifact ;
+
+-- SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is 
+-- the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose 
+-- area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition 
+-- is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, 
+-- cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square 
+-- with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = 
+-- m^2/m^2 = 1.
+fun Steradian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A relatively narrow WaterArea where the 
+-- water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, 
+-- etc.
+fun StreamWaterArea  : Class ;
+fun StreamWaterArea_Class : SubClass StreamWaterArea (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;
+
+
+-- The class of ElementalSubstances that 
+-- are smaller than Atoms and compose Atoms.
+fun SubatomicParticle  : Class ;
+fun SubatomicParticle_Class : SubClass SubatomicParticle ElementalSubstance ;
+
+-- The Class of NormativeAttributes
+-- which lack an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. the attribution of 
+-- these Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the 
+-- same subject over time. This Class is, generally speaking, only used when 
+-- mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a knowledge 
+-- source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, it is assigned to 
+-- this Class.
+fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute  : Class ;
+fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute_Class : SubClass SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute NormativeAttribute ;
+
+-- An Object in which every part is similar to 
+-- every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a 
+-- Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts _ any parts have 
+-- properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance 
+-- may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the 
+-- temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part 
+-- to another. An example would be a body of water.
+fun Substance  : Class ;
+fun Substance_Class : SubClass Substance SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+-- The Class of Transfers where one thing is 
+-- replaced with something else.
+fun Substituting  : Class ;
+fun Substituting_Class : SubClass Substituting (both DualObjectProcess Transfer) ;
+
+
+-- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
+-- then (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical difference 
+-- between ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 minus ?NUMBER2. An 
+-- exception occurs when ?NUMBER1 is equal to 0, in which case 
+-- (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the negation of ?NUMBER2.
+fun SubtractionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to 
+-- its successor, e.g. the successor of 5 is 6.
+fun SuccessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
+
+
+-- A short Text that is a summary of another, 
+-- longer Text.
+fun Summary  : Class ;
+fun Summary_Class : SubClass Summary Text ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Sundays.
+fun Sunday  : Class ;
+fun Sunday_Class : SubClass Sunday Day ;
+
+-- Instances of this Class suppose, for the sake of 
+-- argument, that a proposition is true. For example, John considered what he 
+-- would do if he won the lottery.
+fun Supposing  : Class ;
+fun Supposing_Class : SubClass Supposing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+-- Processes which involve altering 
+-- the properties that apply to the surface of an Object.
+fun SurfaceChange  : Class ;
+fun SurfaceChange_Class : SubClass SurfaceChange InternalChange ;
+
+-- Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an 
+-- incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess.
+fun Surgery  : Class ;
+fun Surgery_Class : SubClass Surgery TherapeuticProcess ;
+
+-- A LiquidMixture where at least one of the 
+-- components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture 
+-- but is not dissolved in it.
+fun Suspension  : Class ;
+fun Suspension_Class : SubClass Suspension LiquidMixture ;
+
+-- Any deliberate and controlled BodyMotion 
+-- through water that is accomplished by an Organism.
+fun Swimming  : Class ;
+fun Swimming_Class : SubClass Swimming BodyMotion ;
+
+-- The Class of alphanumeric sequences.
+fun SymbolicString  : Class ;
+fun SymbolicString_Class : SubClass SymbolicString ContentBearingObject ;
+
+-- SymmetricAttribute is the class of 
+-- PositionalAttribute that hold between two items regardless of their 
+-- order or orientation.
+fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass SymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+-- Any Substance that is the result of an 
+-- IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans.
+fun SyntheticSubstance  : Class ;
+fun SyntheticSubstance_Substance  : SubClassC SyntheticSubstance Substance (\SUBSTANCE -> exists IntentionalProcess (\PROCESS -> result(var IntentionalProcess Process ? PROCESS)(var Substance Entity ? SUBSTANCE)));
+
+
+-- The Class of Systeme 
+-- International (SI) units.
+fun SystemeInternationalUnit  : Class ;
+fun SystemeInternationalUnit_Class : SubClass SystemeInternationalUnit UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- The subclass of Perception in which 
+-- the sensing is done by Touching. Note that Touching need not involve 
+-- TactilePerception. For example, a person who has lost all sensation in 
+-- both of his legs would have no TactilePerception of anything his legs 
+-- were Touching.
+fun TactilePerception  : Class ;
+fun TactilePerception_Class : SubClass TactilePerception Perception ;
+
+-- (TangentFn ?DEGREE) is the tangent of the 
+-- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The tangent of ?DEGREE is the ratio of 
+-- the side opposite ?DEGREE to the side next to ?DEGREE in a right_angled 
+-- triangle.
+fun TangentFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Attributes relating to 
+-- the taste of Objects.
+fun TasteAttribute  : Class ;
+fun TasteAttribute_Class : SubClass TasteAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+-- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+-- sensing is done by of an Organ which can discriminate various tastes.
+fun Tasting  : Class ;
+fun Tasting_Class : SubClass Tasting Perception ;
+
+-- Measures of temperature. 
+-- In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the 
+-- average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.
+fun TemperatureMeasure  : Class ;
+fun TemperatureMeasure_Class : SubClass TemperatureMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- The basic Function for expressing 
+-- the composition of larger TimeIntervals out of smaller TimeIntervals. 
+-- For example, if ThisSeptember is an instance of September, 
+-- (TemporalCompositionFn ThisSeptember Day) denotes the Class of 
+-- consecutive days that make up ThisSeptember. Note that one can obtain 
+-- the number of instances of this Class by using the function CardinalityFn.
+fun TemporalCompositionFn : El TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- A Residence which is strictly temporary, 
+-- i.e. where no one makes his/her home.
+fun TemporaryResidence  : Class ;
+fun TemporaryResidence_Class : SubClass TemporaryResidence Residence ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure 
+-- into a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000,000 units of the original 
+-- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (TeraFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000,000 Hertz.
+fun TeraFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+-- GraphArc to the terminal node of the GraphArc. Note that this 
+-- is a partial function. In particular, the function is undefined 
+-- for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
+fun TerminalNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+
+-- OrganizationalProcesses where someone 
+-- ceases to be an employee of an Organization. Note that this covers being 
+-- laid off, being fired, and voluntarily leaving a job.
+fun TerminatingEmployment  : Class ;
+fun TerminatingEmployment_Class : SubClass TerminatingEmployment LeavingAnOrganization ;
+
+-- SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T.
+-- One Tesla equals one Weber per square Meter. Tesla = Wb/m^2 = 
+-- kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
+fun Tesla  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A LinguisticExpression or set of 
+-- LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related 
+-- to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular 
+-- topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans.
+fun Text  : Class ;
+fun Text_Class : SubClass Text (both Artifact (both ContentBearingObject LinguisticExpression)) ;
+
+
+-- Any Attribute that characterizes the 
+-- texture of an Object.
+fun TextureAttribute  : Class ;
+fun TextureAttribute_Class : SubClass TextureAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+-- A Process that is carried out 
+-- for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated 
+-- with a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
+fun TherapeuticProcess  : Class ;
+fun TherapeuticProcess_Class : SubClass TherapeuticProcess Repairing ;
+
+-- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+-- have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids 
+-- like polyhedrons and cylinders.
+fun ThreeDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+fun ThreeDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ThreeDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Thursdays.
+fun Thursday  : Class ;
+fun Thursday_Class : SubClass Thursday Day ;
+
+-- A
+-- UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of continuous time. All instances of
+-- this Class are returned by Functions that map a time quantity into
+-- another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the
+-- temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a
+-- TimeDependentQuantity, since its value depends on the time.
+fun TimeDependentQuantity  : Class ;
+fun TimeDependentQuantity_Class : SubClass TimeDependentQuantity UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity ;
+
+-- Any measure of length of time, 
+-- with or without respect to the universal timeline.
+fun TimeDuration  : Class ;
+fun TimeDuration_Class : SubClass TimeDuration TimeMeasure ;
+
+-- An interval of time.
+-- Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the
+-- universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps,
+-- i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.
+fun TimeInterval  : Class ;
+fun TimeInterval_Class : SubClass TimeInterval TimePosition ;
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that takes two TimePoints 
+-- as arguments and returns the TimeInterval defined by these two TimePoints. 
+-- Note that the first TimePoint must occur earlier than the second TimePoint.
+fun TimeIntervalFn  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- The class of temporal durations (instances 
+-- of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along 
+-- the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition).
+fun TimeMeasure  : Class ;
+fun TimeMeasure_Class : SubClass TimeMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+-- An extensionless point on
+-- the universal timeline. The TimePoints at which Processes occur
+-- can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but
+-- conceptually TimePoints are point_like and not interval_like. That
+-- is, it doesn't make sense to talk about how long a TimePoint
+-- lasts.
+fun TimePoint  : Class ;
+fun TimePoint_Class : SubClass TimePoint TimePosition ;
+
+-- Any TimePoint or TimeInterval 
+-- along the universal timeline from NegativeInfinity to 
+-- PositiveInfinity.
+fun TimePosition  : Class ;
+fun TimePosition_Class : SubClass TimePosition TimeMeasure ;
+
+-- An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates 
+-- in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to 
+-- the same TimePositions.
+fun TimeZone  : Class ;
+fun TimeZone_Class : SubClass TimeZone RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells 
+-- and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively 
+-- non_localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. 
+-- The main features of Tissues are self_connectivity (see 
+-- SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the 
+-- same granularity are instances of Tissue as well).
+fun Tissue  : Class ;
+fun Tissue_Class : SubClass Tissue BodySubstance ;
+
+-- Any Transfer where two Objects are 
+-- brought into immediate physical contact with one another.
+fun Touching  : Class ;
+fun Touching_Class : SubClass Touching Transfer ;
+
+-- Attributes that indicate the the 
+-- behavior/personality traits of an Organism.
+fun TraitAttribute  : Class ;
+fun TraitAttribute_Class : SubClass TraitAttribute PsychologicalAttribute ;
+
+-- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where 
+-- something is exchanged for something else.
+fun Transaction  : Class ;
+fun Transaction_Class : SubClass Transaction (both ChangeOfPossession DualObjectProcess) ;
+
+
+-- Any instance of Translocation where the agent 
+-- and the patient are not the same thing.
+fun Transfer  : Class ;
+fun Transfer_Class : SubClass Transfer Translocation ;
+
+-- Transitway is the broadest class 
+-- of regions which may be passed through as a path in instances 
+-- of Translocation. Transitway includes land, air, and sea 
+-- regions, and it includes both natural and artificial transitways.
+fun Transitway  : Class ;
+fun Transitway_Class : SubClass Transitway (both Region SelfConnectedObject) ;
+
+
+-- Converting content from one Language into another. 
+-- This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written translation.
+fun Translating  : Class ;
+fun Translating_Class : SubClass Translating (both ContentDevelopment DualObjectProcess) ;
+
+
+-- Translocation is that class of Motions 
+-- in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round 
+-- trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening 
+-- motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear 
+-- motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is 
+-- not necessary, Ambulating is a kind of Translocation.
+fun Translocation  : Class ;
+fun Translocation_Class : SubClass Translocation Motion ;
+
+-- Motion from one point to another by means 
+-- of a TransportationDevice.
+fun Transportation  : Class ;
+fun Transportation_Class : SubClass Transportation Translocation ;
+
+-- A TransportationDevice is a Device 
+-- which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries 
+-- the patient of the Process from one point to another.
+fun TransportationDevice  : Class ;
+fun TransportationDevice_Class : SubClass TransportationDevice Device ;
+
+-- A Tree is a DirectedGraph that has no 
+-- GraphLoops.
+fun Tree  : Class ;
+fun Tree_Class : SubClass Tree Graph ;
+
+-- The TruthValue of being true.
+fun True  : Ind TruthValue ;
+
+
+-- The Class of truth values, e.g. True and 
+-- False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions.
+fun TruthValue  : Class ;
+fun TruthValue_Class : SubClass TruthValue RelationalAttribute ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.
+fun Tuesday  : Class ;
+fun Tuesday_Class : SubClass Tuesday Day ;
+
+-- Any two OneDimensionalFigures (i.e. 
+-- straight lines) meeting at a single GeometricPoint.
+fun TwoDimensionalAngle  : Class ;
+fun TwoDimensionalAngle_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalAngle OpenTwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+-- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+-- have position and an extension along two dimensions, viz. plane figures 
+-- like circles and polygons.
+fun TwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+fun TwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+-- A
+-- subclass of FunctionQuantity, instances of which are returned by
+-- UnaryFunctions that map from one instance of the Class
+-- ConstantQuantity to another instance of the Class
+-- ConstantQuantity.
+fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity  : Class ;
+fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity FunctionQuantity ;
+
+-- Attribute that applies to Organisms that 
+-- are unconscious. An Organism may be Unconscious because it is Dead 
+-- or because of a blow to the head, a drug, etc.
+fun Unconscious  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Removing processes where the agent 
+-- uncovers the patient, either completely or only partially.
+fun Uncovering  : Class ;
+fun Uncovering_Class : SubClass Uncovering Removing ;
+
+-- The Attribute of a CognitiveAgent when 
+-- he/she is unemployed.
+fun Unemployed  : Ind SocialRole ;
+
+
+-- Any instance of Detaching which results in 
+-- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
+-- which he/she grasps previously.
+fun Ungrasping  : Class ;
+fun Ungrasping_Class : SubClass Ungrasping Detaching ;
+
+-- Any instance of Getting that is not part 
+-- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing 
+-- is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, 
+-- commandeering, stealing, etc.
+fun UnilateralGetting  : Class ;
+fun UnilateralGetting_Class : SubClass UnilateralGetting Getting ;
+
+-- Any instance of Giving that is not part 
+-- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Giving where nothing 
+-- is received in return. Some examples of UnilateralGiving are: honorary 
+-- awards, gifts, and financial grants.
+fun UnilateralGiving  : Class ;
+fun UnilateralGiving_Class : SubClass UnilateralGiving Giving ;
+
+-- The Attribute of Regions that are 
+-- unilluminated, i.e in which no shapes are visually discernable.
+fun Unilluminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryFunction that maps two SetOrClasses to 
+-- the union of these SetOrClasses. An object is an element of the union 
+-- of two SetOrClasses just in case it is an instance of either SetOrClass.
+fun UnionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+
+-- A List in which no item appears more than once, 
+-- i.e. a List for which there are no distinct numbers ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 
+-- such that (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1) and (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2) 
+-- return the same value.
+fun UniqueList  : Class ;
+fun UniqueList_Class : SubClass UniqueList List ;
+
+-- UnitFn returns just the
+-- UnitOfMeasure of a PhysicalQuantity with an associated
+-- UnitOfMeasure and RealNumber magnitude. For example, the unit of
+-- the ConstantQuantity (MeasureFn 2 Kilometer) is the
+-- UnitOfMeasure Kilometer.
+fun UnitFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of AngleMeasure.
+fun UnitOfAngularMeasure  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfAngularMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAngularMeasure NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of AreaMeasure.
+fun UnitOfArea  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfArea_Class : SubClass UnitOfArea CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- UnitOfAtmosphericPressure includes those instances of
+-- UnitOfMeasure used to measure atmospheric pressure (barometricPressure),
+-- e.g., InchMercury.
+fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAtmosphericPressure CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of CurrencyMeasure.
+fun UnitOfCurrency  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfCurrency_Class : SubClass UnitOfCurrency NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of TimeDuration. Note that TimeDuration is a subclass
+-- of TimeMeasure.
+fun UnitOfDuration  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfDuration_Class : SubClass UnitOfDuration NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of FrequencyMeasure.
+fun UnitOfFrequency  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfFrequency_Class : SubClass UnitOfFrequency CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of InformationMeasure.
+fun UnitOfInformation  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfInformation_Class : SubClass UnitOfInformation NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of LengthMeasure.
+fun UnitOfLength  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfLength_Class : SubClass UnitOfLength NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of MassMeasure, which denote the amount of matter in
+-- PhysicalObjects.
+fun UnitOfMass  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfMass_Class : SubClass UnitOfMass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- A standard of measurement for some dimension. 
+-- For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, 
+-- as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that 
+-- makes it primitive or fundamental, rather, a system of units (e.g. 
+-- SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and 
+-- assigns units for each.
+fun UnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfMeasure PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of TemperatureMeasure.
+fun UnitOfTemperature  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfTemperature_Class : SubClass UnitOfTemperature NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Every instance of this
+-- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+-- instances of VolumeMeasure.
+fun UnitOfVolume  : Class ;
+fun UnitOfVolume_Class : SubClass UnitOfVolume CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+-- Unit of volume commonly used in the 
+-- United Kingdom.
+fun UnitedKingdomGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is 
+-- equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars.
+fun UnitedStatesCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+
+-- A currency measure.
+fun UnitedStatesDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+
+-- Unit of volume commonly used in the 
+-- United States.
+fun UnitedStatesGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+
+-- The ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable, i.e. more 
+-- likely than not to be False.
+fun Unlikely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A DeductiveArgument which is 
+-- valid, i.e. the set of premises in fact entails the conclusion.
+fun ValidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+fun ValidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass ValidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
+
+-- Vehicle is the subclass of 
+-- TransportationDevices that transport passengers or goods 
+-- from one place to another by moving from one place to the other 
+-- with them, e.g., cars, trucks, ferries, and airplanes. Contrast 
+-- with devices such as pipelines, escalators, or supermarket 
+-- checkout belts, which carry items from one place to another by means 
+-- of a moving part, without the device removing from the origin to 
+-- the destination.
+fun Vehicle  : Class ;
+fun Vehicle_Class : SubClass Vehicle TransportationDevice ;
+
+-- Specifies the velocity of an object, i.e. the speed 
+-- and the direction of the speed. For example (VelocityFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile) 
+-- (MeasureFn 2 HourDuration) ?REFERENCE North) denotes the velocity of 55 miles 
+-- per hour North of the given reference point ?REFERENCE.
+fun VelocityFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> El Region -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+
+-- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+-- that conventionally denote Processes.
+fun Verb  : Class ;
+fun Verb_Class : SubClass Verb Word ;
+
+-- A Phrase that has the same function as a 
+-- Verb.
+fun VerbPhrase  : Class ;
+fun VerbPhrase_Class : SubClass VerbPhrase Phrase ;
+
+-- An Animal which has a spinal column.
+fun Vertebrate  : Class ;
+fun Vertebrate_Animal  : SubClassC Vertebrate Animal (\VERT -> and (and (and (exists SpinalColumn (\SPINE -> component(var SpinalColumn CorpuscularObject ? SPINE)(var Animal CorpuscularObject ? VERT))) (forall NervousSystem (\S -> part(var NervousSystem Object ? S)(var Animal Object ? VERT)))) (forall Skeleton (\SKELETON -> part(var Skeleton Object ? SKELETON)(var Animal Object ? VERT)))) (forall Exoskeleton (\SKELETON -> part(var Exoskeleton Object ? SKELETON)(var Animal Object ? VERT))));
+
+
+-- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
+-- is positioned height_wise with respect to another Object.
+fun Vertical  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- A Contest where one participant attempts to 
+-- physically injure another participant.
+fun ViolentContest  : Class ;
+fun ViolentContest_Class : SubClass ViolentContest Contest ;
+
+-- An Organism consisting of a core of a single 
+-- nucleic acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate 
+-- only inside a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the 
+-- usual characteristics of living things.
+fun Virus  : Class ;
+fun Virus_Class : SubClass Virus Microorganism ;
+
+-- The Class of visually discernible 
+-- properties.
+fun VisualAttribute  : Class ;
+fun VisualAttribute_Class : SubClass VisualAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+-- A Nutrient present in natural products or made 
+-- synthetically, which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher 
+-- Animals. Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins.
+fun Vitamin  : Class ;
+fun Vitamin_Class : SubClass Vitamin Nutrient ;
+
+-- The vocal cords, are composed
+-- of two folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the
+-- larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the
+-- lungs during Vocalizing.
+fun VocalCords  : Class ;
+fun VocalCords_Class : SubClass VocalCords Organ ;
+
+-- Any instance of RadiatingSound where the 
+-- instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts, screams, 
+-- roars, as well as Speaking.
+fun Vocalizing  : Class ;
+fun Vocalizing_Class : SubClass Vocalizing (both BodyMotion RadiatingSound) ;
+
+
+-- SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is 
+-- the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting 
+-- wire carrying a constant current of 1 Ampere, when the power dissipated 
+-- between these points is equal to 1 Watt. Volt = W/A = 
+-- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_1).
+fun Volt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Measures of the amount of space in three 
+-- dimensions.
+fun VolumeMeasure  : Class ;
+fun VolumeMeasure_Class : SubClass VolumeMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
+
+-- Voting is the activity of voting in an 
+-- Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections 
+-- are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual 
+-- voter is part of an Election process.
+fun Voting  : Class ;
+fun Voting_Class : SubClass Voting Deciding ;
+
+-- Ambulating relatively slowly, i.e. moving in such a 
+-- way that at least one foot is always in contact with the ground.
+fun Walking  : Class ;
+fun Walking_Class : SubClass Walking Ambulating ;
+
+-- A military confrontation between two or more 
+-- GeopoliticalAreas or Organizations whose members are GeopoliticalAreas. 
+-- As the corresponding axiom specifies, a War is made up of Battles.
+fun War  : Class ;
+fun War_Class : SubClass War ViolentContest ;
+
+-- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
+-- is internally regulated.
+fun WarmBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
+fun WarmBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass WarmBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
+
+-- A Contract that states the cirumstances 
+-- under which defects in the product will be corrected for no charge. 
+-- A Warranty is usually limited to a length of time that is specified 
+-- in the Warranty itself. A Warranty also includes information about 
+-- what is not covered and actions that invalidate the Warranty.
+fun Warranty  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of samples of the compound H20. Note 
+-- that this Class covers both pure and impure Water.
+fun Water  : Class ;
+fun Water_Class : SubClass Water CompoundSubstance ;
+
+-- A body which is made up predominantly of water, 
+-- e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.
+fun WaterArea  : Class ;
+fun WaterArea_Class : SubClass WaterArea GeographicArea ;
+
+-- Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor.
+fun WaterCloud  : Class ;
+fun WaterCloud_Class : SubClass WaterCloud Cloud ;
+
+-- Any LiquidMotion where the Liquid is Water.
+fun WaterMotion  : Class ;
+fun WaterMotion_Class : SubClass WaterMotion LiquidMotion ;
+
+-- SI power measure. Symbol: W. A UnitOfMeasure 
+-- that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by 
+-- TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production 
+-- of energy (or work) at the rate of one Joule per SecondDuration. 
+-- Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(_3).
+fun Watt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to a 
+-- CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the Agent. 
+-- Note that this Function is generally used in conjunction with the 
+-- Function PropertyFn, e.g. (WealthFn (PropertyFn BillGates)) would 
+-- return the monetary value of the sum of Bill Gates' holdings.
+fun WealthFn  : El Agent -> Ind CurrencyMeasure ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Devices that are designed 
+-- primarily to damage or destroy Humans/Animals, StationaryArtifacts or 
+-- the places inhabited by Humans/Animals.
+fun Weapon  : Class ;
+fun Weapon_Class : SubClass Weapon Device ;
+
+-- WearableItem is the subclass of 
+-- Artifacts that are made to be worn on the body.
+fun WearableItem  : Class ;
+fun WearableItem_Class : SubClass WearableItem Artifact ;
+
+-- WeatherProcess is the broadest class of 
+-- processes that involve weather, including weather seasons (not to be confused 
+-- with instances of SeasonOfYear), weather systems, and short_term weather 
+-- events.
+fun WeatherProcess  : Class ;
+fun WeatherProcess_Class : SubClass WeatherProcess Motion ;
+
+-- SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the 
+-- magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an
+-- electromotive force of 1 Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform
+-- rate in 1 SecondDuration. Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
+fun Weber  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+
+-- Any Declaring that leads to one person being 
+-- the spouse of another.
+fun Wedding  : Class ;
+fun Wedding_Class : SubClass Wedding Declaring ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.
+fun Wednesday  : Class ;
+fun Wednesday_Class : SubClass Wednesday Day ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar weeks.
+fun Week  : Class ;
+fun Week_Class : SubClass Week TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. A week's duration is seven days.
+fun WeekDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- The compass direction of West.
+fun West  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+
+-- An Attribute which indicates that the 
+-- associated Object is fully saturated with a Liquid, i.e. 
+-- every part of the Object has a subpart which is a Liquid.
+fun Wet  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+
+-- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is 
+-- added to an Object.
+fun Wetting  : Class ;
+fun Wetting_Class : SubClass Wetting Putting ;
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps an Object or 
+-- Process to the exact TimeInterval during which it exists. Note 
+-- that, for every TimePoint ?TIME outside of the TimeInterval 
+-- (WhenFn ?THING), (time ?THING ?TIME) does not hold.
+fun WhenFn  : El Physical -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+
+-- Maps an Object and a TimePoint at which the 
+-- Object exists to the Region where the Object existed at that 
+-- TimePoint.
+fun WhereFn  : El Physical -> El TimePoint -> Ind Region ;
+
+
+-- The Attribute of being white in color.
+fun White  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+
+-- Any Motion of Air.
+fun Wind  : Class ;
+fun Wind_Class : SubClass Wind GasMotion ;
+
+-- The class of Female Humans.
+fun Woman  : Class ;
+fun Woman_Class : SubClass Woman Human ;
+
+-- A term of a Language that represents a concept.
+fun Word  : Class ;
+fun Word_Class : SubClass Word LinguisticExpression ;
+
+-- Long, narrow, soft_bodied Invertebrates.
+fun Worm  : Class ;
+fun Worm_Class : SubClass Worm Invertebrate ;
+
+-- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
+-- content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented 
+-- mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both 
+-- transcription and original creation of written Texts.
+fun Writing  : Class ;
+fun Writing_Class : SubClass Writing ContentDevelopment ;
+
+-- The Class of all calendar Years.
+fun Year  : Class ;
+fun Year_Class : SubClass Year TimeInterval ;
+
+-- Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year =
+-- 365 days = 31536000 seconds.
+fun YearDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+
+-- A UnaryFunction that maps a number to the corresponding calendar 
+-- Year. For example, (YearFn 1912) returns the Class containing just one instance, 
+-- the year of 1912. As might be expected, positive integers return years in the Common Era, 
+-- while negative integers return years in B.C.E. Note that this function returns a Class 
+-- as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. MonthFn, DayFn, 
+-- HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
+-- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
+-- these functions classes rather than individuals.
+fun YearFn : El Integer -> Desc Year ;
+
+
+-- The Attribute of being yellow in color.
+fun Yellow  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+
+-- (abstractCounterpart ?AB ?PHYS
+-- relates a Physical entity to an Abstract one which is an idealized
+-- model in some dimension of the Physical entity. For example, an
+-- Abstract GraphNode could be stated to be the counterpart of an 
+-- actual Computer in a ComputerNetwork.
+fun abstractCounterpart  : El Abstract -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (acquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 has
+-- met and knows something about ?H2, such as ?H2's name and appearance.
+-- Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with
+-- holdsDuring. Note that acquaintance is not symmetric. For the
+-- symmetric version, see mutualAcquaintance.
+fun acquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Simply relates an Object to a ConstantQuantity 
+-- specifying the age of the Object.
+fun age  : El Object -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is 
+-- an active determinant, either animate or inanimate, of the Process 
+-- ?PROCESS, with or without voluntary intention. For example, Eve is an 
+-- agent in the following proposition: Eve bit an apple.
+fun agent  : El Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A TernaryPredicate that is
+-- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
+-- another point that is below the top of the Object (often this
+-- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
+-- used to specify, for example, the height of geographic features,
+-- e.g. mountains, the altitude of aircraft, and the orbit of satellites
+-- around the Earth.
+fun altitude  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The transitive closure of the parent predicate. 
+-- (ancestor ?DESCENDANT ?ANCESTOR) means that ?ANCESTOR is either the 
+-- parent of ?DESCENDANT or the parent of the parent of DESCENDANT or 
+-- etc.
+fun ancestor  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?FIGURE) means that 
+-- the TwoDimensionalAngle ?ANGLE is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
+fun angleOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (angularMeasure ?ANGLE ?MEASURE) means that 
+-- the two_dimensional geometric angle ?ANGLE has the PlaneAngleMeasure of 
+-- ?MEASURE.
+fun angularMeasure  : El TwoDimensionalAngle -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This predicate indicates the value of a 
+-- GraphArc in a Graph. This could map to the length of a road in 
+-- a road network or the flow rate of a pipe in a plumbing system.
+fun arcWeight  : El GraphArc -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (atomicNumber ?ELEMENT ?NUMBER) means that 
+-- the ElementalSubstance ?ELEMENT has the atomic number ?NUMBER. The 
+-- atomic number is the number of Protons in the nucleus of an Atom.
+fun atomicNumber : Desc ElementalSubstance -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (attends ?DEMO ?PERSON) means that ?PERSON attends, 
+-- i.e. is a member of the audience, of the performance event ?DEMO.
+fun attends  : El Demonstrating -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that 
+-- ?PROPERTY is a Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example, 
+-- (attribute MyLittleRedWagon Red).
+fun attribute  : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (authors ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
+-- creatively responsible for ?TEXT. For example, Agatha Christie is 
+-- author of Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
+fun authors : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A partial function that relates a List to a 
+-- RealNumber, provided that the List only has list elements that are 
+-- RealNumbers. The RealNumber associated with the List is equal to the 
+-- mathematical average of the RealNumbers in the List divided by the total
+-- number of list elements.
+fun average  : El List -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (barometricPressure ?AREA ?PRESSURE) means that the atmospheric 
+-- pressure measured at ?AREA is ?PRESSURE. Barometric pressure is 
+-- typically expressed in units of InchMercury or MmMercury. For 
+-- example, standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury: 
+-- (barometricPressure SeaLevel (MeasureFn 29.92 InchMercury)).
+fun barometricPressure  : El Object -> El UnitOfAtmosphericPressure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
+-- precedes ?POINT2 on the universal timeline.
+fun before  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (beforeOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
+-- is identical with ?POINT2 or occurs before it on the universal timeline.
+fun beforeOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The epistemic predicate of belief. 
+-- (believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT believes the proposition 
+-- expressed by ?FORMULA.
+fun believes  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (between ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that ?OBJ2 is 
+-- spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3. Note that this implies that 
+-- ?OBJ2 is directly between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3, i.e. the projections of ?OBJ1 
+-- and ?OBJ3 overlap with ?OBJ2.
+fun between  : El Object -> El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
+-- state from a Liquid to a Gas.
+fun boilingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT) holds if ?BOTTOM is the 
+-- lowest or deepest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.
+fun bottom  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of being a brother. 
+-- (brother ?MAN ?PERSON) means that ?MAN is the brother of ?PERSON.
+fun brother  : El Man -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The causation relation between instances of Process. 
+-- (causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of Process ?PROCESS1 
+-- brings about the instance of Process ?PROCESS2.
+fun causes  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (causesProposition ?FORMULA1
+-- ?FORMULA2) means that the state of affairs described by ?FORMULA1
+-- causes, or mechanistically brings about, the state of affairs
+-- described by ?FORMULA2. Note that unlike entails, the time
+-- during which ?FORMULA2 holds cannot precede the time during which
+-- ?FORMULA1 holds, although ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 can hold
+-- simultaneously. Note, also, that causesProposition is a
+-- predicate, not a truth function. The following rule
+-- (contraposition) does not hold: (=> (causesProp ?FORMULA1
+-- ?FORMULA2) (causesProp (not ?FORMULA2) (not ?FORMULA1))).
+fun causesProposition  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The causation relation between subclasses of Process. 
+-- (causesSubclass ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the subclass of Process ?PROCESS1 
+-- brings about the subclass of Process ?PROCESS2, e.g. (causesSubclass Killing 
+-- Death).
+fun causesSubclass : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the 
+-- Human ?PERSON is a citizen of Nation ?NATION.
+fun citizen  : El Human -> El Nation -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+-- means that some part of the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. 
+-- Note that if (completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part 
+-- ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (completelyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). 
+-- A complete filler of (a part of) a hole is connected with everything 
+-- with which (that part of) the hole itself is connected. 
+-- A perfect filler of (a part of) a hole completely fills every proper 
+-- part of (that part of) that hole.
+fun completelyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A specialized common sense notion of part 
+-- for heterogeneous parts of complexes. (component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) 
+-- means that ?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component 
+-- include the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a 
+-- country, or the limbs and organs of an animal. Compare piece, which 
+-- is also a subrelation of part.
+fun component  : El CorpuscularObject -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (conclusion ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that
+-- the Proposition ?PROPOSITION is the conclusion explicitly drawn from the 
+-- Argument ?ARGUMENT. Note that it may or may not be the case that ?ARGUMENT 
+-- entails ?PROPOSITION.
+fun conclusion  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+-- conditionalProbability is used to state the numeric value of a conditional 
+-- probability. (conditionalProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2 ?NUMBER) means 
+-- that the probability of ?FORMULA2 being true given that ?FORMULA1 is true is 
+-- ?NUMBER.
+fun conditionalProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
+-- an Entity, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity brings it about that 
+-- the Formula has the ObjectiveNorm.
+fun confersNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses the relationship between a 
+-- a Formula, an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity 
+-- obligates the CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is 
+-- true.
+fun confersObligation  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
+-- an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity authorizes the 
+-- CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is true.
+fun confersRight  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+-- meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.
+fun connected  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This is the most general 
+-- connection relation between EngineeringComponents. If 
+-- (connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2), then neither ?COMP1 nor 
+-- ?COMP2 can be an engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation 
+-- connectedEngineeringComponents is a SymmetricRelation, there is no 
+-- information in the direction of connection between two components. It is 
+-- also an IrreflexiveRelation, no EngineeringComponent bears this relation 
+-- to itself. Note that this relation does not associate a name or type 
+-- with the connection.
+fun connectedEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relationship between three things, when one of 
+-- the three things connects the other two. More formally, (connects ?OBJ1 
+-- ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3) 
+-- and not (connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3).
+fun connects  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- connectsEngineeringComponents 
+-- is a TernaryPredicate that maps from an EngineeringConnection to the 
+-- EngineeringComponents it connects. Since EngineeringComponents cannot 
+-- be connected to themselves and there cannot be an EngineeringConnection 
+-- without a connectedEngineeringComponents Predicate, the second and third 
+-- arguments of any connectsEngineeringComponents relationship will always be 
+-- distinct for any given first argument.
+fun connectsEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT 
+-- considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by 
+-- ?FORMULA.
+fun considers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two 
+-- Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another, i.e. it 
+-- is possible for both of them to be true at the same time.
+fun consistent  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relation of spatial containment for two 
+-- separable objects. When the two objects are not separable (e.g. an 
+-- automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used. 
+-- (contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has 
+-- a space (i.e. a Hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2.
+fun contains  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A subrelation of represents. This 
+-- predicate relates a ContentBearingPhysical to the Proposition that is 
+-- expressed by the ContentBearingPhysical. Examples include the relationships 
+-- between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its 
+-- musical content.
+fun containsInformation  : El ContentBearingPhysical -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A contraryAttribute is a set of Attributes 
+-- such that something can not simultaneously have more than one of these Attributes. 
+-- For example, (contraryAttribute Pliable Rigid) means that nothing can be both 
+-- Pliable and Rigid.
+fun contraryAttribute  : [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (cooccur ?THING1 ?THING2) means that the 
+-- Object or Process ?THING1 occurs at the same time as, together with, 
+-- or jointly with the Object or Process ?THING2. This covers the 
+-- following temporal relations: is co_incident with, is concurrent with, 
+-- is contemporaneous with, and is concomitant with.
+fun cooccur  : El Physical -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- relates an Object to an exact copy of the 
+-- Object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original 
+-- with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal 
+-- location.
+fun copy  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (crosses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+-- Object ?OBJ1 traverses Object ?OBJ2, without being connected 
+-- to it.
+fun crosses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate that specifies a 
+-- TimePosition in absolute calendar time, at the resolution 
+-- of one day, for a particular Object or Process.
+fun date  : El Physical -> El Day -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of daughterhood. 
+-- (daughter ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological daughter
+-- of ?PARENT.
+fun daughter  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+-- (decreasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is less 
+-- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
+fun decreasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses the relationship between an 
+-- Entity, a Formula, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity 
+-- brings it about that the Formula does not have the ObjectiveNorm.
+fun deprivesNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A TernaryPredicate that is
+-- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
+-- another point that is above the top of the Object (often this
+-- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
+-- used to specify, for example, the depth of marine life or submarines,
+-- for example.
+fun depth  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants 
+-- to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there 
+-- is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. 
+-- Note too that desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former 
+-- is a PropositionalAttitude, while wants is an ObjectAttitude.
+fun desires  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (destination ?PROCESS ?GOAL) means that 
+-- ?GOAL is the target or goal of the Process ?PROCESS. For example, 
+-- Danbury would be the destination in the following proposition: Bob went 
+-- to Danbury. Note that this is a very general CaseRole and, in 
+-- particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'. 
+-- Thus, John would be the destination in the following proposition: 
+-- Tom gave a book to John.
+fun destination  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (developmentalForm ?OBJECT ?FORM) 
+-- means that ?FORM is an earlier stage in the individual maturation of 
+-- ?OBJECT. For example, tadpole and caterpillar are developmentalForms 
+-- of frogs and butterflies, respectively.
+fun developmentalForm  : El OrganicObject -> El DevelopmentalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (diameter ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the diameter 
+-- of the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
+fun diameter  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (direction ?PROC ?ATTR) means that the 
+-- Process ?PROC is moving in the direction ?ATTR. For example, one 
+-- would use this Predicate to represent the fact that Max is moving 
+-- North.
+fun direction  : El Process -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Classes are disjoint only if they share no 
+-- instances, i.e. just in case the result of applying IntersectionFn to
+-- them is empty.
+fun disjoint  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A disjointDecomposition of a Class 
+-- C is a set of subclasses of C that are mutually disjoint.
+fun disjointDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the 
+-- shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note 
+-- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
+-- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
+-- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
+-- separates two distinct objects.
+fun distance  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A relation between objects 
+-- in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text stated in 
+-- a particular HumanLanguage. The domain of documentation is not 
+-- constants (names), but the objects themselves. This means that one does 
+-- not quote the names when associating them with their documentation.
+fun documentation  : El Entity -> El HumanLanguage -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the 
+-- duration of the TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this 
+-- Predicate can be used in conjunction with the Function WhenFn 
+-- to specify the duration of any instance of Physical.
+fun duration  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+-- ?INTERVAL1 starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2.
+fun during  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+-- the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 
+-- begins.
+fun earlier  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (editor ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
+-- an editor of ?TEXT.
+fun editor : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case 
+-- ?ENTITY is contained in the Set ?SET. An Entity can be an element 
+-- of another Entity only if the latter is a Set.
+fun element  : El Entity -> El Set -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has 
+-- hired ?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON, on a salaried, hourly 
+-- or contractual basis, to provide services in exchange for monetary 
+-- compensation.
+fun employs  : El Organization -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB 
+-- ?SUPER) means that the EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a 
+-- properPart of ?SUPER. This relation is an AsymmetricRelation, since 
+-- two EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.
+fun engineeringSubcomponent  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The operator of logical entailment. (entails 
+-- ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 can be derived from ?FORMULA1 
+-- by means of the proof theory of SUO_KIF.
+fun entails  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (equal ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2) is true just in case 
+-- ?ENTITY1 is identical with ?ENTITY2.
+fun equal  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate that relates two 
+-- subclasses of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 
+-- ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1 is 
+-- also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2, and vice versa. An example 
+-- would be the relationship between English and Russian editions of Agatha 
+-- Christie's 'Murder on the Orient Express'. Note that 
+-- (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) implies (subsumesContentClass 
+-- ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) and (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS2 ?CLASS1).
+fun equivalentContentClass  : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
+-- instances of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentInstance 
+-- ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to 
+-- the content expressed by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship 
+-- between a handwritten draft of a letter to one's lawyer and a typed 
+-- copy of the same letter. Note that (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 
+-- ?OBJ2) implies (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and 
+-- (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2).
+fun equivalentContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The actual, minimal location of an 
+-- Object. This is a subrelation of the more general Predicate 
+-- located.
+fun exactlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This predicate relates a Class to a 
+-- set of Attributes, and it means that the elements of this set exhaust the 
+-- instances of the Class. For example, (exhaustiveAttribute PhysicalState 
+-- Solid Fluid Liquid Gas Plasma) means that there are only five instances of 
+-- the class PhysicalState, viz. Solid, Fluid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma.
+fun exhaustiveAttribute : Desc Attribute -> [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- An exhaustiveDecomposition of a 
+-- Class C is a set of subclasses of C such that every instance of C is an 
+-- instance of one of the subclasses in the set. Note: this does not necessarily 
+-- mean that the elements of the set are disjoint (see partition _ a partition 
+-- is a disjoint exhaustive decomposition).
+fun exhaustiveDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (experiencer ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means 
+-- that ?AGENT experiences the Process ?PROCESS. For example, Yojo 
+-- is the experiencer of seeing in the following proposition: Yojo 
+-- sees the fish. Note that experiencer, unlike agent, does 
+-- not entail a causal relation between its arguments.
+fun experiencer  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?OBJ is used 
+-- by ?AGENT as a resource in an unspecified instance of Process. This 
+-- Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the 
+-- relations agent and resource.
+fun exploits  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANG) 
+-- means that the LinguisticExpression ?EXPRESS is part of the Language 
+-- ?LANG.
+fun expressedInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (faces ?OBJ ?DIRECTION) means that the front of 
+-- ?OBJ (see FrontFn) is positioned towards the compass direction ?DIRECTION. 
+-- More precisely, it means that if a line were extended from the center of 
+-- ?DIRECTION, the line would intersect with the front of ?OBJ before it 
+-- intersected with its back (see BackFn).
+fun faces  : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate for biological 
+-- relationships. (familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that 
+-- ?ORGANISM1 and ?ORGANISM2 are biologically derived from a common ancestor.
+fun familyRelation  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of fatherhood. 
+-- (father ?CHILD ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the biological father
+-- of ?CHILD.
+fun father  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Holes can be filled. (fills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+-- means that the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. Note that 
+-- fills here means perfectly filled. Perfect fillers and fillable entities have no parts in common (rather, 
+-- they may occupy the same spatial region).
+fun fills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+-- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
+-- ending TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1.
+fun finishes  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (frequency ?PROC ?TIME) means that the 
+-- Process type of ?PROC recurs after every interval of ?TIME.
+fun frequency : Desc Process -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE) 
+-- means that the GeographicArea ?PART is part of the GeographicArea 
+-- ?WHOLE.
+fun geographicSubregion  : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (geometricDistance ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
+-- ?LENGTH) means that ?LENGTH is the distance between the two 
+-- GeometricPoints ?POINT1 and ?POINT2.
+fun geometricDistance  : El GeometricPoint -> El GeometricPoint -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (geometricPart ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the 
+-- GeometricFigure ?PART is part of the GeometricFigure ?WHOLE.
+fun geometricPart  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (geopoliticalSubdivision 
+-- ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is any geopolitical part of ?AREA2, 
+-- that is, ?AREA1 is an integral geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 (not a 
+-- DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea), having its own associated 
+-- GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by 
+-- the government of ?AREA2. Cf. dependentGeopoliticalArea.
+fun geopoliticalSubdivision  : El GeopoliticalArea -> El GeopoliticalArea -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (graphMeasure ?GRAPH ?MEAS) fixes a 
+-- UnitOfMeasure that is used for the arcWeight of a given Graph. Stating 
+-- such a relationship entails that the components of given graph are the 
+-- abstractCounterparts of sets of Physical Entity(ies).
+fun graphMeasure  : El Graph -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A basic relation for Graphs and their 
+-- parts. (graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH) means that ?PART is a GraphArc 
+-- or GraphNode of the Graph ?GRAPH.
+fun graphPart  : El GraphElement -> El Graph -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The state of grasping an Object. (grasps 
+-- ?ANIMAL ?OBJ) means that the Animal ?ANIMAL is intentionally holding 
+-- on to the Object ?OBJ.
+fun grasps  : El Animal -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (greaterThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true 
+-- just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the Quantity 
+-- ?NUMBER2.
+fun greaterThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (greaterThanByQuality 
+-- ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?ATT) means that ?ENTITY1 has more of the given
+-- quality ?ATT than ?ENTITY2)
+fun greaterThanByQuality  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 
+-- ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater 
+-- than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+fun greaterThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This Predicate expresses the concept of a 
+-- conventional goal, i.e. a goal with a neutralized agent's intention. 
+-- Accordingly, (hasPurpose ?THING ?FORMULA) means that the instance of 
+-- Physical ?THING has, as its purpose, the Proposition expressed by 
+-- ?FORMULA. Note that there is an important difference in meaning between 
+-- the Predicates hasPurpose and result. Although the second argument 
+-- of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, 
+-- a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result 
+-- may be neither expected nor desired. For example, a machine process may 
+-- have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no 
+-- goal, a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on.
+fun hasPurpose  : El Physical -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses a cognitive attitude of an 
+-- agent with respect to a particular instance of Physical. More precisely, 
+-- (hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?FORMULA ?AGENT) means that the purpose of 
+-- ?THING for ?AGENT is the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Very complex 
+-- issues are involved here. In particular, the rules of inference of the 
+-- first order predicate calculus are not truth_preserving for the second 
+-- argument position of this Predicate.
+fun hasPurposeForAgent  : El Physical -> Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Similar to the capability Predicate 
+-- with the additional restriction that the ability be practised/
+-- demonstrated to some measurable degree.
+fun hasSkill : Desc Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The height of an Object is the distance between 
+-- its top and its bottom.
+fun height  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA) means that the 
+-- proposition denoted by ?FORMULA is true in the time frame ?TIME. Note 
+-- that this implies that ?FORMULA is true at every TimePoint which is a 
+-- temporalPart of ?TIME.
+fun holdsDuring  : El TimePosition -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses a relationship between a 
+-- Formula and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has 
+-- the obligation to bring it about that the Formula is true.
+fun holdsObligation  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Expresses a relationship between a Formula 
+-- and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has the right to 
+-- bring it about that the Formula is true.
+fun holdsRight  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a 
+-- Hole in ?OBJ. A Hole is a fillable body located at the 
+-- surface an Object.
+fun hole  : El Hole -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relation between a Human and a PermanentResidence 
+-- of the Human.
+fun home  : El Human -> El PermanentResidence -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (husband ?MAN ?WOMAN) means that ?MAN is the 
+-- husband of ?WOMAN.
+fun husband  : El Man -> El Woman -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (identicalListItems ?LIST1 ?LIST2) 
+-- means that ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 have exactly the same items in their 
+-- respective lists. Although ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 are required to share 
+-- exactly the same items, they may order these items differently.
+fun identicalListItems  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A SetOrClass ?CLASS1 is an immediateSubclass 
+-- of another SetOrClass ?CLASS2 just in case ?CLASS1 is a subclass of ?CLASS2 and 
+-- there is no other subclass of ?CLASS2 such that ?CLASS1 is also a subclass of it.
+fun immediateSubclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The analog of element and instance for Lists. 
+-- (inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the List ?LIST. For example, 
+-- (inList Tuesday (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would be true.
+fun inList  : El Entity -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate. 
+-- (inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the 
+-- scope of interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be 
+-- either positive or negative, i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in 
+-- avoiding or promoting ?ENTITY.
+fun inScopeOfInterest  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+-- (increasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is more 
+-- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
+fun increasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+-- (independentProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that the probabilities of 
+-- ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 being true are independent.
+fun independentProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very basic notion of living within something 
+-- else. (inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is the residence 
+-- (either permanent or temporary), nest, etc. of ?ORGANISM.
+fun inhabits  : El Organism -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate. (inhibits 
+-- ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that the Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders 
+-- the occurrence of the Process ?PROC2. For example, obstructing an 
+-- object inhibits moving it. Note that this is a relation between types 
+-- of Processes, not between instances.
+fun inhibits : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL 
+-- is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not 
+-- changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the 
+-- following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument 
+-- and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.
+fun instrument  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+-- that ?OBJ1 is part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and 
+-- any superficialPart ?OBJ2.
+fun interiorPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (involvedInEvent ?EVENT ?THING) means 
+-- that in the Process ?EVENT, the Entity ?THING plays some CaseRole.
+fun involvedInEvent  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows 
+-- ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by 
+-- ?FORMULA. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this 
+-- Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or 
+-- unconscious knowledge.
+fun knows  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is 
+-- larger, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
+fun larger  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON)
+-- means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.
+fun leader  : El Agent -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means 
+-- that ?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. 
+-- Some examples include marriage, adoption, etc.
+fun legalRelation  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
+-- of an Object along its longest span.
+fun length  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just 
+-- in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+fun lessThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
+-- is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than or equal to 
+-- the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+fun lessThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (lineMeasure ?LINE ?MEASURE) means that the 
+-- straight line ?LINE has the LengthMeasure of ?MEASURE.
+fun lineMeasure  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
+-- of an Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note 
+-- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
+-- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
+-- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
+-- separates two distinct objects.
+fun linearExtent  : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- a TernaryPredicate that specifies the 
+-- GraphArc connecting two GraphNodes.
+fun links  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> El GraphArc -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (located ?PHYS ?OBJ) means that ?PHYS is partlyLocated 
+-- at ?OBJ, and there is no part or subProcess of ?PHYS that is not located at 
+-- ?OBJ.
+fun located  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (manner ?PROCESS ?MANNER) means that the 
+-- Process ?PROCESS is qualified by the Attribute ?MANNER. The Attributes 
+-- of Processes are usually denoted by adverbs and include things like the 
+-- speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports 
+-- competition.
+fun manner  : El Process -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that 
+-- ?OBJECT is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation 
+-- encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'. 
+-- For example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor. Compare 
+-- part and its subrelations, viz component and piece.
+fun material : Desc Substance -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate for
+-- asserting that a particular Object is measured by a particular
+-- PhysicalQuantity. In general, the second argument of this
+-- Predicate will be a term produced with the Function MeasureFn.
+fun measure  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (meetsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+-- ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are connected but that neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
+-- overlapsSpatially the other.
+fun meetsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (meetsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) 
+-- means that the terminal point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 is the 
+-- initial point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2.
+fun meetsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
+-- state from a Solid to a Liquid. Note that Arsenic can sublimate directly
+-- from Solid to Gas which means that its melting and boiling points are equal.
+fun meltingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
+-- uniform parts of Collections. For example, each sheep in a flock of 
+-- sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock.
+fun member  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Collection -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryRelation that is used to state the 
+-- normative force of a Proposition. (modalAttribute ?FORMULA ?PROP) means 
+-- that the Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA has the NormativeAttribute 
+-- ?PROP. For example, (modalAttribute (exists (?ACT ?OBJ) (and 
+-- (instance ?ACT Giving) (agent ?ACT John) (patient ?ACT ?OBJ) 
+-- (destination ?ACT Tom))) Obligation) means that John is obligated to give 
+-- Tom something.
+fun modalAttribute  : Formula -> El NormativeAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate that associates an 
+-- Object or Process with its value expressed as an instance of 
+-- CurrencyMeasure.
+fun monetaryValue  : El Physical -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of motherhood. 
+-- (mother ?CHILD ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the biological mother 
+-- of ?CHILD.
+fun mother  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (multiplicativeFactor ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
+-- means that ?NUMBER1 is a factor of ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 can be multiplied by 
+-- some Integer to give ?NUMBER2 as a result.
+fun multiplicativeFactor  : El Integer -> El Integer -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (mutualAcquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means
+-- that ?H1 and ?H2 have met each other and know something about each other,
+-- such as name and appearance. Statements made with this predicate should
+-- be temporally specified with holdsDuring. See also the weaker,
+-- non_symmetric version of this predicate, acquaintance.
+fun mutualAcquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY 
+-- has the SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that names and represents 
+-- are the two immediate subrelations of refers. The predicate names is used 
+-- when the referring item is merely a tag without connotative content, while the 
+-- predicate represents is used for referring items that have such content.
+fun names  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is 
+-- physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.
+fun needs  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG) 
+-- means that ?PERSON holds the Position ?POSITION at Organization ?ORG. 
+-- For example, (occupiesPosition TomSmith ResearchDirector 
+-- AcmeLaboratory) means that TomSmith is a research director at Acme Labs.
+fun occupiesPosition  : El Human -> El Position -> El Organization -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A general Predicate for indicating how two 
+-- Objects are oriented with respect to one another. For example, 
+-- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 North) means that ?OBJ1 is north of ?OBJ2, and 
+-- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Vertical) means that ?OBJ1 is positioned 
+-- vertically with respect to ?OBJ2.
+fun orientation  : El Object -> El Object -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE 
+-- indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies 
+-- that ?SOURCE is present at the beginning of the process, but need not 
+-- participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the 
+-- origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a 
+-- submarine.
+fun origin  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+-- that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have part(s) in common, but neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
+-- is a part of the other.
+fun overlapsPartially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+-- that the Objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have some parts in common. This is a 
+-- reflexive and symmetric (but not transitive) relation.
+fun overlapsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 
+-- ?INTERVAL2) means that the TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 
+-- have a TimeInterval as a common part.
+fun overlapsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (parallel ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the 
+-- OneDimensionalFigures ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another, 
+-- i.e. they are equidistant from one another at every point.
+fun parallel  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of parenthood. 
+-- (parent ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is a biological parent 
+-- of ?CHILD.
+fun parent  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The basic mereological relation. All other 
+-- mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. 
+-- (part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the Object ?PART is part
+-- of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since part is a 
+-- ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself.
+fun part  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that 
+-- ?OBJ completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. Note that if (partiallyFills 
+-- ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). 
+-- Note too that a partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole (it may 
+-- stick out), which means that every complete filler also qualifies as 
+-- (is a limit case of) a partial one.
+fun partiallyFills  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A partition of a class C is a set of 
+-- mutually disjoint classes (a subclass partition) which covers C. 
+-- Every instance of C is an instance of exactly one of the subclasses 
+-- in the partition.
+fun partition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (partlyLocated ?THING ?OBJ) means that the 
+-- instance of Physical ?THING is at least partially located at ?OBJ. For 
+-- example, Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. 
+-- Note that partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located 
+-- is an immediate subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is 
+-- an immediate subrelation of located.
+fun partlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (path ?MOTION ?PATH) means that ?PATH is a route 
+-- along which ?MOTION occurs. For example, Highway 101 is the path in the 
+-- following proposition: the car drove up Highway 101.
+fun path  : El Motion -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate that specifies the 
+-- length (in number of GraphNodes) of a GraphPath.
+-- (pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER) means that there are ?NUMBER nodes in 
+-- the GraphPath ?PATH.
+fun pathLength  : El GraphPath -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY 
+-- is a participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved, said, experienced, etc. 
+-- For example, the direct objects in the sentences 'The cat swallowed the 
+-- canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients. Note 
+-- that the patient of a Process may or may not undergo structural 
+-- change as a result of the Process. The CaseRole of patient is used 
+-- when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the object of a 
+-- Process.
+fun patient  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (penetrates ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+-- ?OBJ1 is connected to ?OBJ2 along at least one whole dimension (length, 
+-- width or depth).
+fun penetrates  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
+-- arbitrary parts of Substances. Quasi_synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, 
+-- etc. Compare component, another subrelation of part.
+fun piece  : El Substance -> El Substance -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (pointOfFigure ?POINT ?FIGURE) means that 
+-- the GeometricPoint ?POINT is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
+fun pointOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (pointOfIntersection ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 
+-- ?POINT) means that the two straight lines ?FIGURE1 and ?FIGURE2 meet at the 
+-- point ?POINT.
+fun pointOfIntersection  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> El GeometricPoint -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Relation that holds between an Agent and 
+-- an Object when the Agent has ownership of the Object.
+fun possesses  : El Agent -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate. (precondition 
+-- ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an 
+-- instance of ?PROC1 also exists.
+fun precondition : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (prefers ?AGENT ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that 
+-- CognitiveAgent ?AGENT prefers the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA1
+-- over the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA2 all things being equal.
+fun prefers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (premise ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the 
+-- Proposition ?PROPOSITION is an explicit assumption of the Argument 
+-- ?ARGUMENT.
+fun premise  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general Predicate. (prevents ?PROC1 
+-- ?PROC2) means that ?PROC1 prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other 
+-- words, if ?PROC1 is occurring in a particular time and place, ?PROC2 
+-- cannot occur at the same time and place. For example, innoculating 
+-- prevents contracting disease. Note that this is a relation between types 
+-- of Processes, not between instances.
+fun prevents : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+-- ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a 
+-- TransitiveRelation and AsymmetricRelation (hence an 
+-- IrreflexiveRelation).
+fun properPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+-- means that ?HOLE is properly (though perhaps incompletely) filled by 
+-- ?OBJ, i.e. some part of ?HOLE is perfectly filled by ?OBJ. Note that 
+-- properlyFills is the dual of completelyFills, and is so 
+-- related to partiallyFills that ?OBJ properlyFills ?HOLE just in 
+-- case ?OBJ partiallyFills every part of ?HOLE. (Thus, every perfect 
+-- filler is both complete and proper in this sense). 
+-- Every hole is connected with everything with which a proper filler 
+-- of the hole is connected. Every proper part of a perfect filler of (a part of) a hole properly 
+-- fills (that part of) that hole.
+fun properlyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This Predicate holds between an instance of 
+-- Entity and an instance of Attribute. (property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) 
+-- means that ?ENTITY has the Attribute ?ATTR.
+fun property  : El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (publishes ?ORG ?TEXT) means that ?ORG 
+-- publishes ?TEXT. For example, Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christie's 
+-- Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
+fun publishes : El Organization -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (radius ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the radius of 
+-- the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
+fun radius  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A subrelation of represents. 
+-- (realization ?PROCESS ?PROP) means that ?PROCESS is a Process which 
+-- expresses the content of ?PROP. Examples include a particular musical 
+-- performance, which realizes the content of a musical score, or the 
+-- reading of a poem.
+fun realization  : El Process -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+-- mentions or includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that refers is 
+-- more general in meaning than represents, because presumably something 
+-- can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. 
+-- For example, an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of 
+-- oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, 
+-- the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options 
+-- for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, 
+-- etc.
+fun refers  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (relatedEvent ?EVENT1 ?EVENT2) means 
+-- that the Process ?EVENT1 is related to the Process ?EVENT2. The 
+-- relationship is between separate individual events, not events and 
+-- their subprocesses. On the other hand, two subProcesses of the same 
+-- overarching event may be relatedEvents. The argument order does not 
+-- imply temporal ordering.
+fun relatedEvent  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Used to signify a three_place 
+-- relation between a concept in an external knowledge source, a concept 
+-- in the SUMO, and the name of the other knowledge source.
+fun relatedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Means that the two arguments are 
+-- related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity 
+-- of meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO 
+-- concept and a concept from another source, use the Predicate 
+-- relatedExternalConcept.
+fun relatedInternalConcept  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (relative ?O1 ?O2) means that ?O1
+-- and ?O2 are relatives, whether through common ancestry (consanguinity),
+-- someone's marriage (affinity), or someone's adoption. This definition is
+-- intentionally broad, so as to capture a wide array of `familial'
+-- relations. The notion of who counts as `family' also varies between
+-- cultures, but that aspect of meaning is not addressed here.
+fun relative  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general semiotics Predicate. 
+-- (represents ?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates, 
+-- expresses, connotes, pictures, describes, etc. ?ENTITY. The Predicates 
+-- containsInformation and realization are subrelations of represents. 
+-- Note that represents is a subrelation of refers, since something can 
+-- represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. See the 
+-- documentation string for names.
+fun represents  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general predicate. 
+-- (representsForAgent ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?AGENT) means that the ?AGENT 
+-- chooses to use ?ENTITY1 to 'stand for' ?ENTITY2.
+fun representsForAgent  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A very general predicate. 
+-- (representsInLanguage ?THING ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE) means that the 
+-- LinguisticExpression ?THING stands for ?ENTITY in the Language 
+-- ?LANGUAGE.
+fun representsInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+fun resourceS  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+-- (result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is 
+-- a product of ?ACTION. For example, house is a result in the 
+-- following proposition: Eric built a house.
+fun result  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relationship between two Organisms that 
+-- have the same mother and father. Note that this relationship does 
+-- not hold between half_brothers, half_sisters, etc.
+fun sibling  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (side ?SIDE ?OBJECT) means that ?SIDE is a side of the object, 
+-- as opposed to the top or bottom.
+fun side  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of being a sister. 
+-- (sister ?WOMAN ?PERSON) means that ?WOMAN is the sister of ?PERSON.
+fun sister  : El Woman -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+-- is smaller, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
+fun smaller  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The general relationship of being a son. 
+-- (son ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological 
+-- son of ?PARENT.
+fun son  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relationship of marriage between two Humans.
+fun spouse  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+-- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
+-- initial TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.
+fun starts  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relation between a Human and a TemporaryResidence 
+-- of the Human.
+fun stays  : El Human -> El TemporaryResidence -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Means that the second argument can be 
+-- ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it.
+fun subAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that 
+-- the Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the Collection ?COLL2.
+fun subCollection  : El Collection -> El Collection -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The relation between two Graphs when one 
+-- Graph is a part of the other. (subGraph ?GRAPH1 ?GRAPH2) means 
+-- that ?GRAPH1 is a part of ?GRAPH2.
+fun subGraph  : El Graph -> El Graph -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a 
+-- sublist of ?LIST2, i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and 
+-- the elements that are common to both Lists have the same order in both 
+-- Lists. Elements that are common to both Lists and are consecutive in one 
+-- list must also be consecutive in the other list. (Therefore _ the list of 
+-- prime numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 5 7] is not a subList of the 
+-- natural numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]).
+fun subList  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means 
+-- that ?ORG1 is an Organization which is a part of the Organization 
+-- ?ORG2. Note that subOrganization is a ReflexiveRelation, so every 
+-- Organization is a subOrganization of itself.
+fun subOrganization  : El Organization -> El Organization -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 
+-- is a Plan which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally 
+-- used to relate a supporting Plan to the overall Plan in a particular 
+-- context.
+fun subPlan  : El Plan -> El Plan -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC 
+-- is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally 
+-- distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process.
+fun subProcess  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that 
+-- ?PROP1 is a Proposition which is a proper part of the Proposition ?PROP2. 
+-- In other words, subProposition is the analogue of properPart for chunks 
+-- of abstract content.
+fun subProposition  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subSystem ?SUB ?SYSTEM) means that the 
+-- PhysicalSystem ?SUB is a part of the PhysicalSystem ?SYSTEM.
+fun subSystem  : El PhysicalSystem -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that ?CLASS1 is 
+-- a subclass of ?CLASS2, i.e. every instance of ?CLASS1 is also an instance of 
+-- ?CLASS2. A class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses.
+fun subclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subset ?SET1 ?SET2) is true just in case the 
+-- elements of the Set ?SET1 are also elements of the Set ?SET2.
+fun subset  : El Set -> El Set -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subsumedExternalConcept 
+-- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING is subsumed 
+-- by the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is narrower 
+-- in meaning than ?STRING.
+fun subsumedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate that relates two 
+-- subclasses of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 
+-- ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2 is 
+-- also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1. Examples include the 
+-- relationship between a poem and one of its stanzas or between a book and 
+-- one of its chapters. Note that this is a relation between subclasses of 
+-- ContentBearingObject, rather than instances. If one wants to relate 
+-- instances, the Predicate subsumesContentInstance can be used. Note 
+-- that subsumesContentClass is needed in many cases. Consider, for 
+-- example, the relation between the King James edition of the Bible and its 
+-- Book of Genesis. This relation holds for every copy of this edition and 
+-- not just for a single instance.
+fun subsumesContentClass : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
+-- instances of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+-- means that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed 
+-- by ?OBJ1. An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and 
+-- one of its stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances, 
+-- rather than Classes. If one wants to assert a content relationship 
+-- between Classes, e.g. between the version of an intellectual work and a 
+-- part of that work, the relation subsumesContentClass should be used.
+fun subsumesContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (subsumingExternalConcept 
+-- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING subsumes 
+-- the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is broader 
+-- in meaning than ?STRING.
+fun subsumingExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) 
+-- means that ?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after ?ATTR1 
+-- on the scale that they share.
+fun successorAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The transitive closure of 
+-- successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means 
+-- that there is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting 
+-- ?ATTR1 and ?ATTR2.
+fun successorAttributeClosure  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+-- means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own 
+-- (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are 
+-- externally connected with the mereological complement of ?OBJ2). This too 
+-- is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and 
+-- MereologicalProductFn.
+fun superficialPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+-- is a maximally connected superficialPart of ?OBJ2. Note that some 
+-- SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow 
+-- object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface.
+fun surface  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (synonymousExternalConcept 
+-- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING has the 
+-- same meaning as ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE.
+fun synonymousExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (systemPart ?PART ?SYSTEM) means that 
+-- the Physical thing ?PART is a SystemElement in the PhysicalSystem 
+-- ?SYSTEM.
+fun systemPart  : El Physical -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The temporal analogue of the spatial part 
+-- predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 
+-- is part of TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a 
+-- ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.
+fun temporalPart  : El TimePosition -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (temporallyBetween ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
+-- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT2 is between the TimePoints 
+-- ?POINT1 and ?POINT3, i.e. ?POINT1 is before ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before 
+-- ?POINT3.
+fun temporallyBetween  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (temporallyBetweenOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
+-- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT1 is before or equal to the 
+-- TimePoint ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before or equal to the TimePoint 
+-- ?POINT3.
+fun temporallyBetweenOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- This relation holds between an instance of 
+-- Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal 
+-- lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time
+-- ?THING ?TIME) means that ?THING existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note 
+-- that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does 
+-- for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are 
+-- the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively.
+fun time  : El Physical -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
+
+
+fun toInt : Int -> Ind Integer ;
+
+fun toRealNum : Float -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+-- (top ?TOP ?OBJECT) means that ?TOP is the highest maximal 
+-- superficial part of ?OBJECT.
+fun top  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION 
+-- ?AMOUNT) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of CurrencyMeasure being 
+-- exhanged in the FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.
+fun transactionAmount  : El FinancialTransaction -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+-- crosses or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that crosses and 
+-- penetrates are subrelations of traverses.
+fun traverses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The BinaryPredicate that relates a Sentence 
+-- to its TruthValue.
+fun truth  : El Sentence -> El TruthValue -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- The class of names that uniquely identify 
+-- an instance of Entity. Some examples of uniqueIdentifiers are the keys 
+-- of tables in database applications and the ISBN (International Standard Book 
+-- Number).
+fun uniqueIdentifier  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by 
+-- ?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, 
+-- as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles 
+-- agent and instrument.
+fun uses  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- Some Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete 
+-- stages or versions. (version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 
+-- is a version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this Predicate relates subclasses of 
+-- Artifact and not instances.
+fun version : Desc Artifact -> Desc Artifact -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, 
+-- i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is 
+-- no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.
+fun wants  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (wears ?AGENT ?CLOTHING) means that ?AGENT is wearing 
+-- the item of Clothing ?CLOTHING.
+fun wears  : El Animal -> El Clothing -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (weight ?O ?MM) means that on planet earth
+-- the SelfConnectedObject ?O has the weight ?MM.
+fun weight  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El MassMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
+-- of an Object from side to side at its widest span.
+fun width  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+
+-- (wife ?WOMAN ?MAN) means that ?WOMAN is the wife of 
+-- ?MAN.
+fun wife  : El Woman -> El Man -> Formula ;
+}
-- 
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