Phrasebook grammars for English, Romanian and Dutch

5 files changed, 441 insertions, 154 deletions

diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/GreetingsDut.gf b/examples/phrasebook/GreetingsDut.gf
index 68162d18d..4c547c144 100644
--- a/examples/phrasebook/GreetingsDut.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/GreetingsDut.gf
@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
 concrete GreetingsDut of Greetings = open Prelude in {
 
---lincat 
---  Greeting = SS ;
+lincat 
+  Greeting = SS ;
 
---lin 
---  GBye = ss "hej då" ;
---  GCheers = ss "skål" ;
---  GDamn = ss "fan" ;
---  GExcuse, GExcusePol = ss "ursäkta" ;
---  GGoodDay = ss "god dag" ;
---  GGoodEvening = ss "god afton" ;
---  GGoodMorning = ss "god morgon" ;
---  GGoodNight = ss "god natt" ;
---  GGoodbye = ss "hej då" ;
---  GHello = ss "hej" ;
---  GHelp = ss "hjälp" ;
---  GHowAreYou = ss "hur står det till" ;
---  GLookOut = ss "se upp" ;
---  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = ss "trevligt att träffas" ;
---  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = ss "var så god" ;
---  GSeeYouSoon = ss "vi ses snart" ;
---  GSorry, GSorryPol = ss "förlåt" ;
---  GThanks = ss "tack" ;
---  GTheCheck = ss "notan" ;
+lin 
+  GBye = ss "doei" ; 
+  GCheers = ss "proost" ;
+  GDamn = ss "verdomme" ; 
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = ss "pardon" ; 
+  GGoodDay = ss "goedendag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = ss "goedenavond" ;
+  GGoodMorning = ss "goedemorgen" ;
+  GGoodNight = ss "goedenacht" ;
+  GGoodbye = ss "tot ziens" ;
+  GHello = ss "hallo" ;
+  GHelp = ss "help" ;
+  GHowAreYou = ss "hoe gaat het" ;
+  GLookOut = ss "kijk uit" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = ss "leuk je te ontmoeten" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYouPol = ss "leuk je u ontmoeten" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = ss "alstublieft" ; 
+  GSeeYouSoon = ss "tot ziens" ;
+  GSorry = ss "sorry";
+  GSorryPol = ss "mijn verontschuldiging" ;
+  GThanks = ss "dank je wel" ; 
+  GTheCheck = ss "rekening" ; 
 
---}
 }
diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/SentencesRon.gf b/examples/phrasebook/SentencesRon.gf
index 94c94d9eb..a60cd9e1a 100644
--- a/examples/phrasebook/SentencesRon.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/SentencesRon.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 concrete SentencesRon of Sentences = NumeralRon ** SentencesI - [
   IFemale, YouFamFemale, YouPolFemale, IMale, YouFamMale, YouPolMale,
-  ThePlace
+  ThePlace, Nationality, CitiNat, Citizenship, ACitizen, PCitizenship, PropCit
 ] 
   with 
     (Syntax = SyntaxRon), 
@@ -9,6 +9,24 @@ concrete SentencesRon of Sentences = NumeralRon ** SentencesI - [
     (Lexicon = LexiconRon) ** 
   open SyntaxRon, ExtraRon in {
 
+oper 
+  NPNationalityRon : Type = {lang : NP ; country : NP ; propObj : A; propPers : A};
+  CitizenshipRon : Type = {pers : A; prop : A};
+
+
+  mkNPNationalityRon : NP -> NP -> A -> A -> NPNationalityRon = \la,co,pro, prp ->
+        {lang = la ; 
+         country = co ;
+         propObj = pro ;
+         propPers = prp
+        } ;
+ 
+   mkCitizenshipRon : A -> A -> CitizenshipRon = \aobj, apers -> {pers = apers; prop = aobj};
+
+
+lincat 
+   Nationality = NPNationalityRon ;
+   Citizenship = CitizenshipRon ;   
 
 lin 
  IFemale = {name = mkNP i8fem_Pron ; isPron = True ; poss = mkQuant i_Pron} ; 
@@ -22,7 +40,10 @@ lin
          at = if_then_else Adv kind.at.needIndef (mkAdv kind.at name) (mkAdv kind.at (mkNP kind.name));
          to = if_then_else Adv kind.at.needIndef (mkAdv kind.to name) (mkAdv kind.at (mkNP kind.name))
        } ;
-
+CitiNat n = {pers = n.propPers; prop = n.propObj} ;
+ACitizen p n = mkCl p.name n.pers ;
+PCitizenship x =  mkPhrase (mkUtt (mkAP x.prop)) ;
+PropCit p = p.prop ;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/WordsDut.gf b/examples/phrasebook/WordsDut.gf
index 758f12f5b..0d5e52ebe 100644
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsDut.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsDut.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
 
 concrete WordsDut of Words = SentencesDut ** 
-    open SyntaxDut, ParadigmsDut, IrregDut, (L = LexiconDut), ExtraDut, Prelude in {
+    open SyntaxDut, (P = ParadigmsDut), (I = IrregDut), (L = LexiconDut), ExtraDut, Prelude in {
 
   lin
 
@@ -10,158 +10,260 @@ concrete WordsDut of Words = SentencesDut **
     Apple = mkCN L.apple_N ;
     Beer = mkCN L.beer_N ;
     Bread = mkCN L.bread_N ;
---    Cheese = mkCN (mkN "ost") ;
---    Chicken = mkCN (mkN "kyckling") ;
---    Coffee = mkCN (mkN "kaffe" neutrum) ;
+    Cheese = mkCN L.cheese_N ;
+    Chicken = mkCN (P.mkN "kip" "kippen" P.de) ;
+    Coffee = mkCN (P.mkN "koffie" "koffie" P.de) ;
     Fish = mkCN L.fish_N ;
---    Meat = mkCN (mkN "kött" "kött") ;
-    Milk = mkCN L.milk_N ;
---    Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ;
+    Meat = mkCN (P.mkN "vlees" "vlees" P.het) ;
+    Milk = mkCN L.milk_N ; 
+    Pizza = mkCN (P.mkN "pizza" "pizza's" P.de) ;
     Salt = mkCN L.salt_N ;
---    Tea = mkCN (mkN "te" neutrum) ;
+    Tea = mkCN (P.mkN "thee" "thee" P.de) ;
     Water = mkCN L.water_N ;
     Wine = mkCN L.wine_N ;
 
 -- properties
 
+
     Bad = L.bad_A ;
---    Cheap = mkA "billig" ;
---    Boring = mkA "tråkig" ;
+    Cheap = P.mkA "goedkoop" ;
+    Boring = P.mkA "vervelend" ;
     Cold = L.cold_A ;
---    Delicious = mkA "läcker" ;
---    Expensive = mkA "dyr" ;
---    Fresh = mkA "färsk" ;
+    Delicious = P.mkA "heerlijk" ;
+    Expensive = P.mkA "duur" ;
+    Fresh = P.mkA "vers" ;
     Good = L.good_A ;
---    Suspect = mkA "suspekt" "suspekt" ;
+    Suspect = P.mkA "verdachte" ;
     Warm = L.warm_A ;
 
+
+
 -- places
+ 
+    Airport = mkPlace (P.mkN "luchthaven" "luchthavens" P.de) "op" ; 
+    AmusementPark = mkPlace (P.mkN "pretpark" "pretparken" P.het) "in" ;
+    Bar = mkPlace (P.mkN "bar" P.de) "in" ;  
+    Cafeteria = mkPlace (P.mkN "cafetaria" "cafetaria's" P.de) "in" ;
+    Center = mkPlace (P.mkN "centrum" "centra" P.het) "in" ;
+    Church = mkPlace (P.mkN "kerk" "kerken" P.de) "in" ; 
+    Cinema = mkPlace (P.mkN "bioscoop" "bioscopen" P.de) "in" ;  
+    Disco = mkPlace (P.mkN "disco" "disco's" P.de) "in" ;
+    Hospital = mkPlace (P.mkN "ziekenhuis" "ziekenhuizen" P.het) "in" ; 
+    Hotel = mkPlace (P.mkN "hotel" "hotels" P.het) "in" ; 
+    Museum = mkPlace (P.mkN "museum" "musea" P.het) "in" ; 
+    Park = mkPlace (P.mkN "park" "parken" P.het) "in" ; 
+    Parking = mkPlace (P.mkN "parkeerplaats" "parkeerplaatsen" P.de) "op" ; --parkeren x parkeerplaats -- naar op 
+    Pharmacy = mkPlace (P.mkN "apotheek" "apotheken" P.de)  "in" ;
+    Pub = mkPlace (P.mkN "kroeg" "kroegen" P.de) "in" ;
+    Restaurant = mkPlace (P.mkN "restaurant" "restaurants" P.het) "in" ; 
+    Shop = mkPlace (P.mkN "winkel" "winkels" P.de) "in" ; -- shop x winkel 
+    School = mkPlace (P.mkN "school" "scholen" P.de) "in" ; 
+    Station = mkPlace (P.mkN "station" "stations" P.het) "op" ; 
+    Supermarket = mkPlace (P.mkN "supermarkt" "supermarkten" P.de) "in" ;
+    Theatre = mkPlace (P.mkN "theater" "theaters" P.het) "in" ;
+    Toilet = mkPlace (P.mkN "toilet" "toiletten" P.het) "op" ; 
+    University = mkPlace (P.mkN "universiteit" "universiteiten" P.de) "in" ; --universitair x universiteit -- naar in
+    Zoo = mkPlace (P.mkN "dierentuin" "dierentuinen" P.de) "op" ;
+
+ 
+   CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit (P.mkN "restaurant")) in_Prep to_Prep ;    
 
---    Airport = mkPlace (mkN "flygplats" "flygplatser") "på" ;
---    Bar = mkPlace (mkN "bar" "barer") "i" ;
---    Church = mkPlace (mkN "kyrka") "i" ;
---    Cinema = mkPlace (mkN "bio" "bio" "bion" "biona") "på" ; ---- ?
---    Hospital = mkPlace (mkN "sjukhus" "sjukhus") "på" ;
---    Hotel = mkPlace (mkN "hotell" "hotell") "på" ;
---    Museum = mkPlace (mkN "museum" "museet" "museer" "museerna") "på" ;
---    Park = mkPlace (mkN "park" "parker") "i" ;
---    Restaurant = mkPlace (mkN "restaurang" "restauranger") "på" ;
---    Shop = mkPlace (mkN "affär" "affär") "i" ;
---    School = mkPlace (mkN "skola") "på" ;
---    Station = mkPlace (mkN "station" "stationer") "på" ;
---    Theatre = mkPlace (mkN "teater" "teatrar") "på" ;
---    Toilet = mkPlace (mkN "toalett" "toaletter") "på" ;
---    University = mkPlace (mkN "universitet" "universitet") "på" ;
 
 -- currencies
 
---    DanishCrown = mkCN (mkA "dansk") (mkN "krona") | mkCN (mkN "krona") ;
---    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollar" "dollar") ;
---    Euro = mkCN (mkN "euro" "euro") ;
---    Lei = mkCN (mkN "lei" "lei") ;
---    SwedishCrown = mkCN (mkA "svensk") (mkN "krona") | mkCN (mkN "krona") ;
+    DanishCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "Deens") (P.mkN "kroon" "kronen" P.de) ;
+    Dollar = mkCN (P.mkN "dollar" "dollars" P.de) ;
+    Euro = mkCN (P.mkN "euro" "euro's" P.de) ;
+    Lei = mkCN (P.mkA "Roemeens") (P.mkN "leu" "lei" P.de) ;
+    Leva = mkCN (P.mkA "Bulgaars") (P.mkN "leva" "levs" P.de) ;
+    NorwegianCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "Noors") (P.mkN "kroon" "kronen "P.de) ;  
+    Rouble = mkCN (P.mkA "Russisch") (P.mkN "roebel" "roebel" P.de) ;
+    SwedishCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "Zweeds") (P.mkN "kroon" "kronen" P.de) ;
+    Zloty = mkCN (P.mkA "Pools") (P.mkN "zloty" "zloty" P.de) ;
 
--- nationalities
 
---    Belgian = mkA "belgisk" ;
---    Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "Belgien") ;
---    English = mkNat "engelsk" "England" ;
---    Finnish = mkNat "finsk" "Finland" ;
---    Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "flamländska") ;
---    French = mkNat "fransk" "Frankrike" ; 
---    Italian = mkNat "italiensk" "Italien" ;
---    Romanian = mkNat "rumänsk" "Rumänien" ;
---    Swedish = mkNat "svensk" "Sverige" ;
+-- Nationalities
 
--- actions
+--    Belgian = mkA "belgisk" ; belgische
+--    Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "Belgien") ; belgië
+--    English = mkNat "engelsk" "England" ; engelse
+--    Finnish = mkNat "finsk" "Finland" ; finse 
+--    Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "flamländska") ; vlaamse
+--    French = mkNat "fransk" "Frankrike" ; franse
+--    Italian = mkNat "italiensk" "Italien" ; italiaanse
+--    Romanian = mkNat "rumänsk" "Rumänien" ; roemeense
+--    Swedish = mkNat "svensk" "Sverige" ; zweedse
+
+
+-- Means of transportation
+
+
+    Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ;
+    Bus = mkTransport (P.mkN "bus" "bussen" P.de) ; 
+    Car = mkTransport (P.mkN "auto" "auto's" P.de);
+    Ferry = mkTransport (P.mkN "veerboot" "veerboten" P.de) ; -- ferry x veerboot
+    Plane = mkTransport (P.mkN "vliegtuig" "vliegtuigen" P.het) ;
+    Subway = mkTransport (P.mkN "metro" "metro" P.de) ;
+    Taxi = mkTransport (P.mkN "taxi" "taxi's" P.de) ;
+    Tram = mkTransport (P.mkN "tram" "trams" P.de) ;
+    Train = mkTransport (P.mkN "trein" "treinen" P.de) ;
 
---    AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num L.year_N) ;
---    AHasName p name = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "heter")) name ;
-    AHasChildren p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP num L.child_N) ;
---    AHasRoom p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 
---      (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "rum" "rum")) 
---        (SyntaxDut.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (mkN "person" "personer")))) ;
---    AHasTable p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 
---      (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "bord" "bord")) 
---        (SyntaxDut.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (mkN "person" "personer")))) ;
---    AHungry p = mkCl p.name (mkA "hungrig") ;
---    AIll p = mkCl p.name (mkA "sjuk") ;
---    AKnow p = mkCl p.name (mkV "veta" "vet" "vet" "visste" "vetat" "visst") ; 
---    ALike p item = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "tycker") (mkPrep "om")) item ;
---    ALive p co = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP (mkV "bo")) (SyntaxDut.mkAdv in_Prep co)) ;
---    ALove p q = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "älska")) q.name ;
---    AMarried p = mkCl p.name (mkA "gift") ;
---    AReady p = mkCl p.name (mkA "färdig") ;
---    AScared p = mkCl p.name (mkA "rädd") ;
---    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p.name  (mkV2 (mkV "tala")) lang ;
---    AThirsty p = mkCl p.name (mkA "törstig") ;
---    ATired p = mkCl p.name (mkA "trött") ;
---    AUnderstand p = mkCl p.name (mkV "förstå" "förstod" "förstått") ;
---    AWant p obj = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP have_V2 obj) ;
---    AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to) ;
+    ByFoot = P.mkAdv "te voet" ;
+{-
+ ik ga met de/het ....
+ik ga te voet/ ik ga lopend
+
+-}
+
+
+
+-- actions
+    AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num L.year_N) ; -- ik ben ... jaar
+    AHasName p name = mkCl p.name (P.mkV2 I.heten_V) name ;  -- ik heet ...
+    AHasChildren p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP num L.child_N) ; -- ik heb ... kinderen
+    AHasRoom p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 
+      (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (P.mkN "kamer")) 
+        (SyntaxDut.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "persoon")))) ; -- ik heb een ... persoons kamer/ ik heb een kamer voor ... personen
+    AHasTable p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 
+      (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (P.mkN "tafel")) 
+        (SyntaxDut.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "persoon")))) ;
+    AHungry p = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (P.mkN "honger")) ; -- to have   
+    AIll p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "ziek") ; -- to be ?
+    AKnow p = mkCl p.name I.wijten_V ; -- ik weet het.
+    ALike p item = mkCl p.name (P.mkV2 I.houden_V P.van_Prep) item ; -- lekker
+    ALive p co = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP L.live_V) (SyntaxDut.mkAdv in_Prep co)) ; -- woon
+    ALove p q = mkCl p.name (P.mkV2 (P.mkV "lief" P.hebben_V)) q.name ; -- houden van
+    AMarried p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "getrouwd") ; -- ik ben getrouwd
+    AReady p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "klaar") ; -- ik ben klaar
+    AScared p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "bang") ; -- ik ben bang
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p.name (P.mkV2 I.spreken_V) lang ; -- ik spreek .../ ik versta ...
+    AThirsty p = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (P.mkN "dorst")) ; -- ik heb dorst
+    ATired p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "moe") ; -- ik ben moe
+    AUnderstand p = mkCl p.name (P.mkV "begrijpen" "begreep" "begrepen" "begrepen") ; -- ik begrijp het
+    AWant p obj = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP have_V2 obj) ; -- ik wil
+    AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to) ; -- ik wil naar ...
 
 -- miscellaneous
 
---    QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl whatSg_IP p.name (mkV2 (mkV "heter"))) ;
---    QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl (ICompAP (mkAP L.old_A)) p.name) ;
---    HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkCl item (mkV "kosta"))) ; 
---    ItCost item price = mkCl item (mkV2 (mkV "kosta")) price ;
+    QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl how_IAdv (mkCl p.name  I.heten_V)) ; --hoe heet je
+    QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl how_IAdv (mkCl p.name (mkAP L.old_A))) ; -- hoe oud ben je
+    HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkCl item (P.mkV "kosten"))) ; --hoeveel kost...
+    ItCost item price = mkCl item (P.mkV2 (P.mkV "kosta")) price ; --..item.. kost ..price..
 
---    PropOpen p = mkCl p.name open_A ;
---    PropClosed p = mkCl p.name closed_A ;
---    PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_A) d) ; 
---    PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP closed_A) d) ; 
---    PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_A) d.habitual) ; 
---    PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP closed_A) d.habitual) ; 
+    PropOpen p = mkCl p.name open_A ; 
+    PropClosed p = mkCl p.name closed_A ; 
+    PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_A) d) ; --de winkel is geopend op vrijdag(s)
+           --normaal gesproken ga ik op vrijdag ..action../vrijdags ga ik ..action..
+    PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP closed_A) d) ; -- gesloten
+    PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_A) d.habitual) ; 
+    PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP closed_A) d.habitual) ; 
 
 -- Building phrases from strings is complicated: the solution is to use
 -- mkText : Text -> Text -> Text ;
 
---    PSeeYou d = mkText (lin Text (ss ("vi ses"))) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) ;
---    PSeeYouPlace p d = 
---      mkText (lin Text (ss ("vi ses"))) 
---        (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d))) ;
+    PSeeYou d = mkText (lin Text (ss ("tot"))) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) ; -- zie je / tot 
+    PSeeYouPlace p d = 
+      mkText (lin Text (ss ("tot"))) 
+        (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d))) ; --tot ... op/in/bij
 
 -- Relations are expressed as "my wife" or "my son's wife", as defined by $xOf$
 -- below. Languages without productive genitives must use an equivalent of
 -- "the wife of my son" for non-pronouns.
 
---    Wife = xOf sing (mkN "fru" "fruar") ;
---    Husband = xOf sing L.man_N ;
---    Son = xOf sing (mkN "son" "söner") ;
---    Daughter = xOf sing (mkN "dotter" "döttrar") ;
---    Children = xOf plur L.child_N ;
+    Wife = xOf sing (P.mkN "vrouw" "vrowen" P.de) ; -- x vrouw
+    Husband = xOf sing L.man_N ;
+    Son = xOf sing (P.mkN "zoon" "zonen" P.de) ;
+    Daughter = xOf sing (P.mkN "dochter" "dochters" P.de) ;
+    Children = xOf plur L.child_N ; -- kind
+
 
+ 
 -- week days
 
---    Monday = mkDay "måndag" ;
---    Tuesday = mkDay "tisdag" ;
---    Wednesday = mkDay "onsdag" ;
---    Thursday = mkDay "torsdag" ;
---    Friday = mkDay "fredag" ;
---    Saturday = mkDay "lördag" ;
---    Sunday = mkDay "söndag" ;
+    Monday = mkDay "maandag" ;
+    Tuesday = mkDay "dinsdag" ;
+    Wednesday = mkDay "woensdag" ;
+    Thursday = mkDay "donderdag" ;
+    Friday = mkDay "vrijdag" ;
+    Saturday = mkDay "zaterdag" ;
+    Sunday = mkDay "zondag" ;
+
+  Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "morgen" ;
+
+-- modifiers of places 
+    TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ;
+    TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; 
+    TheCheapest = mkSuperl (P.mkA "goedkoop") ;
+    TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (P.mkA "duur") ;
+    TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (P.mkA "populair") ;
+    TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ;
+
+    SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ;
+
+-- transports
+
+    HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv place.name) ; -- hoe ver is de dierentuin
+    HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name (SyntaxDut.mkAdv from_Prep x.name))) ;
+-- how far is the center from the hotel ? hoever is het centrum van het hotel
+    HowFarFromBy x y t = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl long_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP y.name (SyntaxDut.mkAdv from_Prep x.name)) t)) ;
+--hoelang duurt het om van het vliegveld naar het hotel te gaan per taxi
+    HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name t.by)) ; --hoe ver is het museum per bus
+ 
+    WhichTranspPlace trans place = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ;
+
+    IsTranspPlace trans place =
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name place.to))) ;
+
+
+
+
+  oper
+    mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> 
+      mkNPNationality (mkNP (P.mkPN (nat + "a"))) (mkNP (P.mkPN co)) (P.mkA nat) ;
+
+    mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d -> 
+      mkNPDay (mkNP (P.mkPN d)) (mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP (P.mkPN d))) 
+        (mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP a_Quant plNum (mkCN (P.mkN d)))) ;
+
+    mkPlace : N -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep} = \p,i -> 
+      mkCNPlace (mkCN p) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ;
+
+    open_A = P.mkA "geopend" ;
+    closed_A = P.mkA "gesloten" ;
+
+   xOf : GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> 
+      relativePerson n (mkCN x) (\a,b,c -> mkNP (mkNP the_Quant a c) (SyntaxDut.mkAdv possess_Prep b)) p ;
+
+     mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> {
+      name = mkCN n ; 
+      by = SyntaxDut.mkAdv with_Prep (mkNP n)
+      } ;
+
+  far_IAdv = ss "hoe ver" ** {lock_IAdv = <>} ;
+  long_IAdv = ss "hoe lang" ** {lock_IAdv = <>};
+
+  mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> SyntaxDut.mkDet the_Art (SyntaxDut.mkOrd a) ;
+
 
---    Tomorrow = ParadigmsDut.mkAdv "imorgon" ;
 
---  oper
---    mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> 
---      mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN (nat + "a"))) (mkNP (mkPN co)) (mkA nat) ;
+{-
+TheBest : SuperlModif ; de/het beste
+    TheClosest : SuperlModif ; welke ... is het dichtste bij (which .. is the closest)
+    TheCheapest : SuperlModif ; de goedkoopste
+    TheWorst : SuperlModif ; de slechtste
+    MostExpensive : SuperlModif ; de duurste
+    MostPopular : SuperlModif ; populairste
 
---    mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d ->
---      let day = mkNP (mkPN d) in 
---      mkNPDay day (SyntaxDut.mkAdv on_Prep day) 
---        (SyntaxDut.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP a_Quant plNum (mkCN (mkN d)))) ;
+    HowFar : Place -> Question ;                            -- how far is the zoo ?  
+    HowFarFrom : Place -> Place -> Question ;               -- how far is the center from the hotel ? hoever is het centrum van het hotel
+    HowFarFromBy : Place -> Place -> ByTransp -> Question ; -- how far is the airport from the hotel by taxi ? hoelang duurt het om van het vliegveld naar het hotel te gaan per taxi
+    HowFarBy : Place -> Transp -> Question ;                -- how far is the museum by bus ? hoe ver is het museum per bus/ hoelang doe je er over om met de bus naar het museum te gaan/hoelang doet de bus er over tot het museum
 
---    mkPlace : N -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep} = \p,i -> 
---      mkCNPlace (mkCN p) (mkPrep i) to_Prep ;
 
---    open_A = mkA "öppen" "öppet" ;
---    closed_A = mkA "stängd" "stängt" ;
 
---    xOf : GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> 
---      relativePerson n (mkCN x) (\a,b,c -> mkNP (GenNP b) a c) p ;
+-}
 
 
---}
 }
diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf b/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf
index a76901825..620164472 100644
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf
@@ -46,20 +46,34 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
 -- defined by $mkPlace$.
 
     Airport = mkPlace "airport" "at" ;
+    AmusementPark = mkCompoundPlace "amusement" "park" "in" ;
+    Bank = mkPlace "bank" "at" ;
     Bar = mkPlace "bar" "in" ;
-    Church = mkPlace "church" "in" ;
+    Cafeteria = mkPlace "cafeteria" "in" ;
+    Center = mkPlace "center" "in" ;
     Cinema = mkPlace "cinema" "at" ;
+    Church = mkPlace "church" "in" ;
+    Disco = mkPlace "disco" "in" ;
     Hospital = mkPlace "hospital" "in" ;
     Hotel = mkPlace "hotel" "in" ;
     Museum = mkPlace "museum" "in" ;
     Park = mkPlace "park" "in" ;
+    Parking = mkPlace "parking" "in" ; 
+    Pharmacy = mkPlace "pharmacy" "at" ;
+    PostOffice = mkCompoundPlace "post" "office" "in" ;
+    Pub = mkPlace "pub" "at" ;
     Restaurant = mkPlace "restaurant" "in" ;
     School = mkPlace "school" "at" ;
     Shop = mkPlace "shop" "in" ;
     Station = mkPlace "station" "at" ;
+    Supermarket = mkPlace "supermarket" "at" ; 
     Theatre = mkPlace "theatre" "at" ;
     Toilet = mkPlace "toilet" "in" ;
     University = mkPlace "university" "at" ;
+    Zoo = mkPlace "zoo" "at" ;
+   
+    CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit (mkN "restaurant")) in_Prep to_Prep ;
+
 
 -- Currencies; $crown$ is ambiguous between Danish and Swedish crowns.
 
@@ -67,20 +81,47 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
     Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollar") ;
     Euro = mkCN (mkN "euro" "euros") ; -- to prevent euroes
     Lei = mkCN (mkN "leu" "lei") ;
+    Leva = mkCN (mkN "lev") ;
+    NorwegianCrown = mkCN (mkA "Norwegian") (mkN "crown") | mkCN (mkN "crown") ;
+    Rouble = mkCN (mkN "rouble") ;
     SwedishCrown = mkCN (mkA "Swedish") (mkN "crown") | mkCN (mkN "crown") ;
+    Zloty = mkCN (mkN "zloty" "zloty") ;
 
 -- Nationalities
 
     Belgian = mkA "Belgian" ;
     Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "Belgium") ;
+    Bulgarian = mkNat "Bulgarian" "Bulgaria" ;
+    Catalan = mkNat "Catalan" "Catalonia" ;
+    Danish = mkNat "Danish" "Denmark" ;
+ --   Dutch = mkNat "Dutch" ""
     English = mkNat "English" "England" ;
     Finnish = mkNat "Finnish" "Finland" ;
     Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "Flemish") ;
     French = mkNat "French" "France" ; 
+    German = mkNat "German" "Germany" ;
     Italian = mkNat "Italian" "Italy" ;
+    Norwegian = mkNat "Norwegian" "Norway" ;
+    Polish = mkNat "Polish" "Poland" ;
     Romanian = mkNat "Romanian" "Romania" ;
+    Russian = mkNat "Russian" "Russia" ;
+    Spanish = mkNat "Spanish" "Spain" ;
     Swedish = mkNat "Swedish" "Sweden" ;
 
+-- Means of transportation 
+
+   Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ;
+   Bus = mkTransport (mkN "bus") ;
+   Car = mkTransport L.car_N ;
+   Ferry = mkTransport (mkN "ferry") ;
+   Plane = mkTransport L.airplane_N ;
+   Subway = mkTransport (mkN "subway") ;
+   Taxi = mkTransport (mkN "taxi") ;
+   Train = mkTransport (mkN "train") ;
+   Tram = mkTransport (mkN "tram") ;
+
+   ByFoot = P.mkAdv "by foot" ;
+
 -- Actions: the predication patterns are very often language-dependent.
 
     AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num L.year_N) ;
@@ -150,6 +191,34 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
  
     Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "tomorrow" ;
 
+-- modifiers of places
+
+    TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ;
+    TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; 
+    TheCheapest = mkSuperl (mkA "cheap") ;
+    TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (mkA "expensive") ;
+    TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (mkA "popular") ;
+    TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ;
+
+    SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ;
+
+
+-- transports
+
+    HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv place.name) ;
+    HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name (SyntaxEng.mkAdv from_Prep x.name))) ;
+    HowFarFromBy x y t = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP y.name (SyntaxEng.mkAdv from_Prep x.name)) t)) ;
+    HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name t.by)) ;
+ 
+    WhichTranspPlace trans place = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ;
+
+    IsTranspPlace trans place =
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name place.to))) ;
+
+
+
 -- auxiliaries
 
   oper
@@ -161,6 +230,9 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
       let day = mkNP (mkPN d) in 
       mkNPDay day (SyntaxEng.mkAdv on_Prep day) 
         (SyntaxEng.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP a_Quant plNum (mkCN (mkN d)))) ;
+    
+    mkCompoundPlace : Str -> Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep} = \comp, p, i ->
+     mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN comp (mkN p))) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ;
 
     mkPlace : Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep} = \p,i -> 
       mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN p)) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ;
@@ -173,4 +245,14 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
 
     nameOf : NPPerson -> NP = \p -> (xOf sing (mkN "name") p).name ;
 
+
+    mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> {
+      name = mkCN n ; 
+      by = SyntaxEng.mkAdv by8means_Prep (mkNP n)
+      } ;
+
+    mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> SyntaxEng.mkDet the_Art (SyntaxEng.mkOrd a) ;
+    
+   far_IAdv = ExtraEng.IAdvAdv (ss "far") ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf b/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf
index 85b88046d..f6fa48a0e 100644
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- (c) 2009 Ramona Enache under LGPL
 
 concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
-  SyntaxRon, ResRon,
+  SyntaxRon, ResRon, Prelude,
   (P = ParadigmsRon),
   (L = LexiconRon),
   BeschRon,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
     Beer = mkCN L.beer_N ;
     Bread = mkCN L.bread_N ;
     Cheese = mkCN L.cheese_N ;
-    Chicken = mkCN (P.mkN "pui" "pui") ;
+    Chicken = mkCN (P.mkN "pui" "pui" P.masculine) ;
     Coffee = mkCN (P.mkN "cafea") ;
     Fish = mkCN L.fish_N ;
     Meat = mkCN (P.mkN "carne" "cărnuri" "cărni") ;
@@ -44,41 +44,93 @@ concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
 -- places
 
     Airport = mkPlace (P.mkNR "aeroport") at_Prep ; 
-    Bar = mkPlace (P.mkNR "bar") at_Prep ; 
+    AmusementPark = mkPlace (P.compN (P.mkNR "parc") ["de distracții"]) in_Prep ;
+    Bank = mkPlace (P.mkN "bancă" "bănci") in_Prep ;
+    Bar = mkPlace (P.mkNR "bar") at_Prep ;
+    Cafeteria = mkPlace (P.mkN "cantină" "cantine") in_Prep ;
+    Center = mkPlace (P.mkN "centru" "centre" ) in_Prep ; 
     Church = mkPlace (P.mkN "biserică" "biserici") at_Prep ; 
-    Cinema = mkPlace (P.mkNR "cinema") at_Prep ; 
+    Cinema = mkPlace (P.mkNR "cinematograf") at_Prep ;
+    Disco = mkPlace (P.mkN "discotecă" "discoteci" ) at_Prep ; 
     Hospital = mkPlace (P.mkN "spital") at_Prep ;
     Hotel = mkPlace (P.mkNR "hotel") at_Prep ; 
     Museum = mkPlace (P.mkN "muzeu" "muzee") at_Prep ; 
     Park = mkPlace (P.mkNR "parc") at_Prep ;
+    Parking = mkPlace (P.mkN "parcare" "parcări") in_Prep ;
+    Pharmacy = mkPlace (P.mkN "farmacie" "farmacii" P.feminine) at_Prep;
+    PostOffice = mkPlace (P.mkN "poștă" "poște") at_Prep ;
+    Pub = mkPlace (P.mkNR "pub") in_Prep ;
     Restaurant = mkPlace (P.mkN "restaurant") at_Prep ; 
     School = mkPlace (P.mkN "şcoală" "şcoli") at_Prep ;
     Shop = mkPlace (P.mkN "magazin") at_Prep ;
     Station = mkPlace (P.mkN "gară" "gări") at_Prep ;
+    Supermarket = mkPlace (P.mkNR "supermarket") at_Prep ;
     Theatre = mkPlace (P.mkN "teatru" "teatre") at_Prep ;
     Toilet = mkPlace (P.mkN "toaletă") at_Prep ;
     University = mkPlace (P.mkN "universitate") at_Prep ;
+    --Zoo = mkPlace 
+
+    CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit.prop (P.mkN "restaurant" "restaurante")) in_Prep to_Prep;  
 
 -- currencies
 
+    DanishCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "danez") (P.mkN "coroană") ;
     Dollar = mkCN (P.mkN "dolar" P.masculine) ;
-    Euro = mkCN (P.mkN "euro" "euro") ;
+    Euro = mkCN (P.mkN "euro" "euro" P.masculine) ;
     Lei = mkCN (P.mkN "leu" "lei") ;
-    DanishCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "danez") (P.mkN "coroană") ;
+    Leva = mkCN (P.mkN "levă" "leve") ;
+    NorwegianCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "norvegian") (P.mkN "coroană") ;
+    Rouble = mkCN (P.mkN "rublă" "ruble") ;
     SwedishCrown = mkCN (P.mkA "suedez") (P.mkN "coroană") ;
-    
+    Zloty = mkCN (P.mkN "zlot" P.masculine) ;    
+
 -- nationalities
 
-    Belgian = P.mkA "belgian" ;
+    Belgian = mkCitizenshipRon (P.mkA "belgian") (P.mkA "belgian") ;
     Belgium = mkNP (P.mkPN "Belgia") ;
-    English = mkNat "englez" "Anglia" ;
-    Finnish = mkNat "finlandez" "Finlanda" ;
+    Bulgarian = mkSimpNat "bulgar" "Bulgaria" ;
+    Catalan = mkSimpNat "catalan" "Catalonia" ;
+    Danish = mkSimpNat "danez" "Danemarca" ;
+    Dutch = mkSimpNat "olandez" "Olanda" ;
+    English = mkSimpNat "englez" "Anglia" ;
+    Finnish = mkSimpNat "finlandez" "Finlanda" ;
     Flemish = mkNP (P.mkPN "flamandă") ; 
-    French = mkNat "francez" "Franţa" ; 
-    Italian = mkNat "italian" "Italia" ;
-    Romanian = mkNat "român" "România" ;
-    Swedish = mkNat "suedez" "Suedia" ;
+    French = mkSimpNat "francez" "Franţa" ;
+    German = mkSimpNat "german" "Germania" ; 
+    Italian = mkNPNationalityRon (mkNP (P.mkPN "italiană"))  (mkNP (P.mkPN "Italia")) (P.mkA "italian") (P.mkA "italian" "italiancă" "italieni" "italience") ;
+    Norwegian = mkSimpNat "norvegian" "Norvegia" ;
+    Polish = mkSimpNat "polonez" "Polonia" ;
+    Romanian = mkNPNationalityRon (mkNP (P.mkPN "română")) (mkNP (P.mkPN "România")) (P.mkA "român") (P.mkA "român" "româncă" "români" "românce") ;
+    Russian = mkSimpNat "rus" "Rusia" ;
+    Spanish = mkSimpNat "spaniol" "Spania" ;
+    Swedish = mkSimpNat "suedez" "Suedia" ;
     
+-- means of transportation 
+
+    Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ; 
+    Bus = mkTransport (P.mkN "autobuz" "autobuze") ;
+    Car = mkTransport L.car_N ;
+    Ferry = mkTransport (P.mkNR "feribot") ;
+    Plane = mkTransport L.airplane_N ;
+    Subway = mkTransport (P.mkNR "metrou") ; 
+    Taxi = mkTransport (P.mkNR "taxi") ; 
+    Train = mkTransport (P.mkNR "tren") ;
+    Tram = mkTransport (P.mkN "tramvai" "tramvaie") ;
+
+    ByFoot = P.mkAdv "pe jos" ;
+
+    HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkDestination place.name)) ;
+    HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkNP (mkDestination y.name) (SyntaxRon.mkAdv from_Prep x.name))) ;
+    HowFarFromBy x y t = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP (mkDestination y.name) (SyntaxRon.mkAdv from_Prep x.name)) t)) ;
+    HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkNP (mkDestination y.name) t.by)) ; 
+
+   WhichTranspPlace trans place = 
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ;
+
+    IsTranspPlace trans place =
+      mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name (mkDestination place.name)))) ;
+
 
 -- actions
 
@@ -124,7 +176,7 @@ concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
 -- Building phrases from strings is complicated: the solution is to use
 -- mkText : Text -> Text -> Text ;
 
-    PSeeYou d = mkText (lin Text {s = ("pe" ++ "curând")}) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) ;
+    PSeeYou d = mkText (lin Text {s = ("ne" ++ "vedem")}) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) ;
     PSeeYouPlace p d = 
       mkText (lin Text { s = ("ne" ++ "vedem")}) 
         (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d))) ;
@@ -151,6 +203,21 @@ concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
 
     Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "mâine" ;
 
+-- modifiers of places
+
+    TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ;
+    TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; 
+    TheCheapest = mkSuperl (P.mkA "ieftin") ;
+    TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (P.mkA "scump") ;
+    TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (P.mkA "popular") ;
+    TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ;
+
+    SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ;
+
+
+
+
+
 oper
 
 closed_A : A = P.mkA "inchis" ;
@@ -158,12 +225,15 @@ open_A : A = P.mkA "deschis" ;
 
 -- auxiliaries
 
-    mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> 
-      mkNPNationality (mkNP (P.mkPN nat)) (mkNP (P.mkPN co)) (P.mkA nat) ;
+   mkSimpNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationalityRon = \nat, co ->
+      mkNPNationalityRon (mkNP (P.mkPN (nat+"ă"))) (mkNP (P.mkPN co)) (P.mkA nat) (P.mkA nat) ;    
+
+    mkNat : Str -> Str -> A -> NPNationalityRon = \nat,co, adj -> 
+      mkNPNationalityRon (mkNP (P.mkPN nat)) (mkNP (P.mkPN co)) adj adj ;
 
     mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d ->
       let day = mkNP (P.mkPN d P.Feminine) ;
-          ad = {s = d} in
+          ad = {s = d; lock_Adv=<>} in
       mkNPDay day ad ad; ---- difference is enforced by additional constructions
 
     xOf : GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> mkRelative n (refCN x) p ; 
@@ -179,4 +249,15 @@ oper
       to = to_Prep   -- in Romanian, most of the time they would be the same
       } ;
 
+   mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> {
+      name = mkCN n ; 
+      by = SyntaxRon.mkAdv with_Prep (mkNP the_Det n)
+      } ;
+
+    mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> mkDet the_Art (SyntaxRon.mkOrd a) ;
+
+    mkDestination : NP -> NP = \np -> heavyNP {s = \\c => "pâna la"++np.indForm ; 
+                                               a = np.a; hasClit = HasRef False;
+                                               ss = "pâna la"++np.indForm} ** {lock_NP =<>};
+
 }