integrating russian in document

5 files changed, 437 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/doc/Makefile b/doc/Makefile
index 5c3a92168..9c0c735be 100644
--- a/doc/Makefile
+++ b/doc/Makefile
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ resource:
 	gfdoc -txt2 ../lib/resource-1.0/*/Paradigms*.gf
 	txt2tags --toc resource.txt
 #	cat resource-preamble resource.tex >final-resource.tex
+	sed -i 's/\\docum/%\\docum/g' resource.tex
 	sed -i 's/ion\*{/ion{/g' resource.tex
 	sed -i 's/\\paragraph{}//g' resource.tex
 	sed -i 's/}\\\\/}/g' resource.tex
+	cat resource-preamble resource.tex >resource.tmp
+	mv resource.tmp resource.tex
 	latex resource.tex
 	latex resource.tex
 	dvipdf resource.dvi
diff --git a/doc/ParadigmsRus.tex b/doc/ParadigmsRus.tex
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..950c88965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ParadigmsRus.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+This is an API for the user of the resource grammar for adding

+lexical items. It gives functions for forming expressions of open

+categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.

+

+Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are

+accessed through the resource syntax API, {\tt Structural.gf}.

+

+The main difference with {\tt MorphoRus.gf} is that the types

+referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover

+had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather

+than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.

+

+The structure of functions for each word class {\tt C} is the following:

+first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all

+regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function {\tt mkC}, which serves as an

+escape to construct the most irregular words of type {\tt C}.

+%However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a

+%separate module {\tt IrregularEng}, which covers all irregularly inflected

+words.

+

+The following modules are presupposed:

+\begin{verbatim}

+  resource ParadigmsRus = open

+    (Predef=Predef),

+    Prelude,

+    MorphoRus,

+    CatRus,

+    NounRus

+    in {

+

+  flags  coding=utf8 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\textbf{Parameters}

+

+To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.

+\begin{verbatim}

+  oper

+    Gender : Type ;

+

+    masculine : Gender ;

+    feminine  : Gender ;

+    neuter    : Gender ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+To abstract over case names, we define the following.

+\begin{verbatim}

+    Case : Type ;

+

+    nominative    : Case ;

+    genitive      : Case ;

+    dative        : Case ;

+    accusative    : Case ;

+    instructive   : Case ;

+    prepositional : Case ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+In some (written in English) textbooks accusative case

+is put on the second place. However, we follow the case order

+standard for Russian textbooks.

+To abstract over number names, we define the following.

+\begin{verbatim}

+    Number : Type ;

+

+    singular : Number ;

+    plural   : Number ;

+

+    Animacy: Type ;

+

+    animate: Animacy;

+    inanimate: Animacy;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\textbf{Nouns}

+Best case: indeclinabe nouns: {\cyr kofe}, {\cyr

+pal\cyrsftsn{}to}, {\cyr VUZ}.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Worst case - give six singular forms:

+Nominative, Genetive, Dative, Accusative, Instructive and Prepositional;

+corresponding six plural forms and the gender.

+May be the number of forms needed can be reduced,

+but this requires a separate investigation.

+Animacy parameter (determining whether the Accusative form is equal

+to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help,

+since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkN  : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,

+             nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl: Str)

+             -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+({\cyr \em muzhchina, muzhchinu, muzhchine, muzhchinu,

+muzhchino\cyrishrt{}, muzhchine}

+

+\noindent {\cyr \em muzhchin\cyrery{}, muzhchin, muzhchinam,

+muzhchin, muzhchinami, muzhchinah})

+

+\vspace{5mm}

+

+The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns

+endings from the list below:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     regN             : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Here are some common patterns. The list is far from complete.

+

+\subsubsection{Feminine patterns}

+

+\noindent feminine, inanimate, ending with "-a", Inst -"{\cyr

+mashin-o\cyrishrt{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nMashina         : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, inanimate, ending with "-a", Inst -"{\cyr

+edinic-e\cyrishrt{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nEdinica         : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, animate, ending with "-a":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nZhenchina       : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, inanimate, ending with "{\cyr g\_k\_h-a}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nNoga            : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, inanimate, ending with "-{\cyr -iya}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nMalyariya       : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, animate, ending with "{\cyr -ya}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nTetya           : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+feminine, inanimate, ending with "-{\cyr \cyrsftsn{}}"(soft sign):

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nBol             : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\subsubsection{Neuter patterns}

+

+\noindent neutral, inanimate, ending with "-ee":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nObezbolivauchee : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+neutral, inanimate, ending with "-e":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nProizvedenie    : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+neutral, inanimate, ending with "-o":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nChislo          : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+neutral, inanimate, ending with "-{\cyr oe}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nZhivotnoe       : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\subsubsection{Masculine patterns}

+

+\noindent Ending with consonant:

+

+\noindent masculine, inanimate, ending with "-{\cyr el}"- "{\cyr

+pep-la}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nPepel           : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+animate, "{\cyr brat-\cyrsftsn{}ya}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nBrat            : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+same as above, but inanimate:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nStul            : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr malyshe\cyrishrt{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nMalush          : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr potol-ok, potol-ka}"

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nPotolok         : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+the next four differ in plural nominative and/or accusative

+form(s):

+

+\noindent {\cyr bank-i}(Nom=Acc):

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nBank            : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+same as above, but animate:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nStomatolog      : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr adres-a}" (Nom=Acc):

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nAdres           : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr telefony}" (Nom=Acc):

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nTelefon         : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+masculine, inanimate, ending with "{\cyr \cyrsftsn{}}" (soft

+sign):

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nNol             : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+masculine, inanimate, ending with "{\cyr -en\cyrsftsn{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nUroven          : Str -> N ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkFun            : N -> Prep -> N2 ;

+     mkN2             : N -> N2 ;

+     mkN3             : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\subsubsection{Proper names}

+

+{\cyr Ivan, Masha}:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkPN             : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ;

+\end{verbatim}

+\begin{verbatim}

+     nounPN           : N -> PN ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+On the top level, it is maybe {\tt CN} that is used rather than {\tt N}, and

+{\tt NP} rather than {\tt PN}.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkCN             : N -> CN ;

+     mkNP             : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\textbf{Adjectives}

+Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28

+(4 by 7) forms in the worst case: (Masculine  | Feminine | Neutral

+| Plural) * (Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative Inanimate

+| Accusative Animate | Instructive | Prepositional). Notice that 4

+short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included in

+the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for

+positive degree.

+

+The regular function captures the variants for some popular

+adjective endings below. The first string agrument is the

+masculine singular form, the second is comparative:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     regA             : Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\noindent Invariable adjective is a special case: {\cyr haki,

+mini, hindi, netto}:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     adjInvar         : Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Some regular patterns depending on the ending.

+

+\noindent ending with "{\cyr y\cyrishrt{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     AStaruyj         : Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+ending with "{\cyr i\cyrishrt{}}", Gen - "{\cyr

+malen\cyrsftsn{}k-ogo}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     AMalenkij        : Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+ending with "{\cyr i\cyrishrt{}}", Gen - "{\cyr horosh-ego}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     AKhoroshij       : Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+ending with "{\cyr o\cyrishrt{}}", plural - "{\cyr molod-ye}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     AMolodoj         : Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+ending with "{\cyr o\cyrishrt{}}", plural - "{\cyr kak-ie}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     AKakoj_Nibud     : Str -> Str -> Str -> A ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.

+

+"{\cyr delim na}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkA2             : A -> Str -> Case -> A2 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective (28 forms without

+short forms). Taking only one comparative form (non-syntactic) and

+only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the

+comparison adjective with only one extra argument - non-syntactic

+comparative form. Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkADeg           : A -> Str -> ADeg ;

+\end{verbatim}

+On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case

+is just to use a one-place adjective.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     ap               : A  -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\textbf{Adverbs}

+Adverbs are not inflected. %Most lexical ones have position after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. {\it always}).

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkAdv            : Str -> Adv ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\textbf{Verbs}

+

+In our lexicon description ({\it Verbum}) there are 62 forms: 2

+(Voice) by { 1 (infinitive) + [2(number) by 3

+(person)](imperative) + [ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) +

+[2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) + 4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+

+4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) } Participles (Present and Past) and

+Gerund forms are not included, since they fuction more like

+Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly rather than verbs. Aspect

+is regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb. Notice, that some

+forms are never used for some verbs. %Actually, the majority of verbs do not have many of the forms.

+\begin{verbatim}

+  Voice: Type;

+  Aspect: Type;

+  Tense : Type;

+  Bool: Type;

+  Conjugation: Type ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr gulya-Esh\cyrsftsn{}, gulya-Em}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+  first: Conjugation;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\noindent Verbs with vowel "{\cyr \cyryo}": "{\cyr

+da\cyryo{}sh\cyrsftsn{}}" (give), "{\cyr

+p\cyrsftsn{}\cyryo{}sh\cyrsftsn{}}" (drink):

+\begin{verbatim}

+  firstE: Conjugation;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\noindent "{\cyr vid-Ish\cyrsftsn{}, vid-Im}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+  second: Conjugation;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr hoch-Esh\cyrsftsn{}, hot-Im}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+  mixed: Conjugation;

+\end{verbatim}

+irregular:

+\begin{verbatim}

+  dolzhen: Conjugation;

+

+  true: Bool;

+  false: Bool;

+

+  active: Voice ;

+  passive: Voice ;

+  imperfective: Aspect;

+  perfective: Aspect ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative

+mood ({\cyr ya begu}, {\cyr ty bezhish\cyrsftsn{}}, {\cyr on

+bezhit}, {\cyr my bezhim}, {\cyr vy bezhite}, {\cyr oni begut}), a

+past form (singular, masculine: {\cyr ya bezhal}), an imperative

+form (singular, second person: {\cyr begi}), an infinitive ({\cyr

+bezhat\cyrsftsn{}}). Inherent aspect should also be specified.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkVerbum : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,

+                           presentPlP1,presentPlP2,presentPlP3,

+           pastSgMasculine,imperative,infinitive: Str) -> V ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations: first - verbs

+ending with {\cyr -at\cyrsftsn{}/-yat\cyrsftsn{}} and second -

+{\cyr -it\cyrsftsn{}/-et\cyrsftsn{}}. Instead of 6 present forms

+of the worst case, we only need a present stem and one ending

+(singular, first person): {\cyr ya l\cyryu{}bl\cyryu{}}, {\cyr ya

+zhdu}, etc. To determine where the border between stem and ending

+lies it is sufficient to compare first person from with second

+person form: {\cyr ya l\cyryu{}bl\cyryu{}}, {\cyr ty

+l\cyryu{}bish\cyrsftsn{}}. Stems should be the same. So the

+definition for verb {\cyr l\cyryu{}bit\cyrsftsn{}} looks like:

+\texttt{regV Imperfective Second }"{\cyr l\cyryu{}b}" "{\cyr

+l\cyryu{}}" "{\cyr l\cyryu{}bil}" "{\cyr l\cyryu{}bi}" "{\cyr

+l\cyryu{}bit\cyrsftsn{}}";

+\begin{verbatim}

+     regV : Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPresentSgP1,

+       endingPresentSgP1,pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive: Str) -> V ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+For writing an application grammar one usually doesn't need the

+whole inflection table, since each verb is used in a particular

+context that determines some of the parameters (Tense and Voice

+while Aspect is fixed from the beginning) for certain usage. The

+{\it V} type, that have these parameters fixed. We can extract the

+{\it V} from the lexicon.

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkV              : Verbum -> Voice ->  V ;

+     mkPresentV       : Verbum -> Voice -> V ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice

+that a particle can be included in a {\tt V}.

+

+\noindent "{\cyr vo\cyrishrt{}ti v dom}", "{\cyr v}", accusative:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkV2             : V   -> Str -> Case -> V2 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+{\cyr slozhit\cyrsftsn{} pic\cyrsftsn{}mo v konvert}:

+\begin{verbatim}

+     mkV3             : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+"{\cyr videt\cyrsftsn{}}", "{\cyr l\cyryu{}bit\cyrsftsn{}}":

+\begin{verbatim}

+     dirV2            : V -> V2 ;

+     tvDirDir         : V -> V3 ;

+\end{verbatim}

+

+The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are

+hidden from the document.

diff --git a/doc/resource-preamble b/doc/resource-preamble
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac3185f42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/resource-preamble
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
+
+\usepackage[T2A,OT1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[ot2enc]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[russian,german,french,english]{babel}
+\usepackage{isolatin1}  % user defined package
+
diff --git a/doc/resource.pdf b/doc/resource.pdf
index 8ba05f891..6c96b8f1a 100644
--- a/doc/resource.pdf
+++ b/doc/resource.pdf
diff --git a/doc/resource.txt b/doc/resource.txt
index e601c0254..04427c8f6 100644
--- a/doc/resource.txt
+++ b/doc/resource.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Last update: %%date(%c)
 %!postproc(tex): "#CAPTION" "caption{"
 %!postproc(tex): "#RBRACE" "end{figure}"
 %!postproc(tex): "#CLEARPAGE" "clearpage"
-
+%!postproc(tex): "#PARADIGMSRUS" "input{ParadigmsRus.tex}"
 %!target:tex
 
 #CLEARPAGE
@@ -956,6 +956,8 @@ has only been exploited in a very small scale so far.
 
 % %!include: ""./ParadigmsRus.tex""
 
+#PARADIGMSRUS
+
 ===Spanish===
 
 %!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.txt