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authorJohn J. Camilleri <john@digitalgrammars.com>2018-07-04 10:09:58 +0200
committerJohn J. Camilleri <john@digitalgrammars.com>2018-07-04 10:09:58 +0200
commitc6f4edaea5f1074ba682fac5d711016f0136998f (patch)
treebb49b8bac2e3cafd3c1f997115bf5bb841554eab /examples/phrasebook/Ontology.html
parent00476ae38687fb7d33081130822cbd4e8f34cfd3 (diff)
Remove examples directory; these now live in gf-contrib
All changes have been reflected in the gf-contrib repository: https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib Now, for WebSetup to build the example grammars, one must have gf-contrib cloned in the same top-level directory as GF. When this isn't the case, WebSetup displays a notice without failing.
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-<html>
-<body>
-<i> Produced by
-gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
-(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
- </i>
-<p>
-<h1> The Ontology of the Phrasebook</h1>
-
-<h2> Syntactic Structures of the Phrasebook</h2>
-This module contains phrases that can be defined by a functor over the
-resource grammar API. The phrases that are likely to have different implementations
-are in the module Words. But the distinction is not quite sharp; thus it may happen
-that the functor instantiations make exceptions.
-<pre>
- abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {
-</pre>
-
-The ontology of the phrasebook is defined by the following types. The commented ones
-are defined in other modules.
-<pre>
- cat
- Phrase ; -- complete phrase, the unit of translation e.g. "Where are you?"
- Sentence ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "I am in the bar"
- Question ; -- question, either yes/no or wh e.g. "where are you"
- -- Greeting ; -- idiomatic phrase, not inflected, e.g. "hello"
- Proposition ; -- can be turned into sentence or question e.g. "this pizza is good"
- Object ; -- the object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas and a beer"
- PrimObject ; -- single object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas"
- Item ; -- a single entity e.g. "this pizza"
- Kind ; -- a type of an item e.g. "pizza"
- MassKind ; -- a type mass (uncountable) e.g. "water"
- Quality ; -- qualification of an item, can be complex e.g. "very good"
- Property ; -- basic property of an item, one word e.g. "good"
- Place ; -- location e.g. "the bar"
- PlaceKind ; -- type of location e.g. "bar"
- Currency ; -- currency unit e.g. "leu"
- Price ; -- number of currency units e.g. "eleven leu"
- Person ; -- agent wanting or doing something e.g. "you"
- Action ; -- proposition about a Person e.g. "you are here"
- Nationality ; -- complex of language, property, country e.g. "Swedish, Sweden"
- Language ; -- language (can be without nationality) e.g. "Flemish"
- Citizenship ; -- property (can be without language) e.g. "Belgian"
- Country ; -- country (can be without language) e.g. "Belgium"
- Day ; -- weekday type e.g. "Friday"
- Date ; -- definite date e.g. "on Friday"
- Name ; -- name of person e.g. "NN"
- Number ; -- number expression 1 .. 999,999 e.g. "twenty"
- Transport ; -- transportation device e.g. "car"
- ByTransport ; -- mean of transportation e.g. "by tram"
- Superlative ; -- superlative modifiers of places e.g. "the best restaurant"
-</pre>
-
-Many of the categories are accessible as Phrases, i.e. as translation units.
-<pre>
- fun
- PSentence : Sentence -> Phrase ;
- PQuestion : Question -> Phrase ;
-
- PObject : Object -> Phrase ;
- PKind : Kind -> Phrase ;
- PMassKind : MassKind -> Phrase ;
- PQuality : Quality -> Phrase ;
- PNumber : Number -> Phrase ;
- PPlace : Place -> Phrase ;
- PPlaceKind : PlaceKind -> Phrase ;
- PCurrency : Currency -> Phrase ;
- PPrice : Price -> Phrase ;
- PLanguage : Language -> Phrase ;
- PCitizenship : Citizenship -> Phrase ;
- PCountry : Country -> Phrase ;
- PDay : Day -> Phrase ;
- PByTransport : ByTransport -> Phrase ;
- PTransport : Transport -> Phrase ;
-
- PYes, PNo, PYesToNo : Phrase ; -- yes, no, si/doch (pos. answer to neg. question)
-</pre>
-
-This is the way to build propositions about inanimate items.
-<pre>
- Is : Item -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- this pizza is good
-</pre>
-
-To use propositions on higher levels.
-<pre>
- SProp : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza is good
- SPropNot : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza isn't good
- QProp : Proposition -> Question ; -- is this pizza good
-
- WherePlace : Place -> Question ; -- where is the bar
- WherePerson : Person -> Question ; -- where are you
-</pre>
-
-This is the way to build propositions about persons.
-<pre>
- PropAction : Action -> Proposition ; -- (you (are|aren't) | are you) Swedish
-</pre>
-
-Here are some general syntactic constructions.
-<pre>
- ObjItem : Item -> PrimObject ; -- this pizza
- ObjNumber : Number -> Kind -> PrimObject ; -- five pizzas
- ObjIndef : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- a pizza
- ObjPlural : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- pizzas
- ObjMass : MassKind -> PrimObject ; -- water
- ObjAndObj : PrimObject -> Object -> Object ; -- this pizza and a beer
- OneObj : PrimObject -> Object ; -- this pizza
-
- SuchKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ; -- Italian pizza
- SuchMassKind : Quality -> MassKind -> MassKind ; -- Italian water
- Very : Property -> Quality ; -- very Italian
- Too : Property -> Quality ; -- too Italian
- PropQuality : Property -> Quality ; -- Italian
-</pre>
-
-Determiners.
-<pre>
- This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ; -- this pizza,...,those pizzas
- The, Thes : Kind -> Item ; -- the pizza, the pizzas
- ThisMass, ThatMass, TheMass : MassKind -> Item ; -- this/that/the water
-
- AmountCurrency : Number -> Currency -> Price ; -- five euros
-
- ThePlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- the bar
- APlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- a bar
-
- IMale, IFemale, -- I, said by man/woman (affects agreement)
- YouFamMale, YouFamFemale, -- familiar you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
- YouPolMale, YouPolFemale : Person ; -- polite you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
-
- LangNat : Nationality -> Language ; -- Swedish
- CitiNat : Nationality -> Citizenship ; -- Swedish
- CountryNat : Nationality -> Country ; -- Sweden
- PropCit : Citizenship -> Property ; -- Swedish
-
- OnDay : Day -> Date ; -- on Friday
- Today : Date ; -- today
-
- PersonName : Name -> Person ; -- person referred by name
- NameNN : Name ; -- the name "NN"
-</pre>
-
-<pre>
- NNumeral : Numeral -> Number ; -- numeral in words, e.g. "twenty"
-</pre>
-
-Actions are typically language-dependent, not only lexically but also
-structurally. However, these ones are mostly functorial.
-<pre>
- SHave : Person -> Object -> Sentence ; -- you have beer
- SHaveNo : Person -> Kind -> Sentence ; -- you have no apples
- SHaveNoMass : Person -> MassKind -> Sentence ; -- you have no beer
- QDoHave : Person -> Object -> Question ; -- do you have beer
-
- AHaveCurr : Person -> Currency -> Action ; -- you have dollars
- ACitizen : Person -> Citizenship -> Action ; -- you are Swedish
- ABePlace : Person -> Place -> Action ; -- you are in the bar
-
- ByTransp : Transport -> ByTransport ; -- by bus
-
- }
-</pre>
-
-<h2> Words and idiomatic phrases of the Phrasebook</h2>
-<pre>
- abstract Words = Sentences ** {
-
- fun
-</pre>
-
-kinds of items (so far mostly food stuff)
-<pre>
- Apple : Kind ;
- Beer : MassKind ;
- Bread : MassKind ;
- Cheese : MassKind ;
- Chicken : MassKind ;
- Coffee : MassKind ;
- Fish : MassKind ;
- Meat : MassKind ;
- Milk : MassKind ;
- Pizza : Kind ;
- Salt : MassKind ;
- Tea : MassKind ;
- Water : MassKind ;
- Wine : MassKind ;
-</pre>
-
-properties of kinds (so far mostly of food)
-<pre>
- Bad : Property ;
- Boring : Property ;
- Cheap : Property ;
- Cold : Property ;
- Delicious : Property ;
- Expensive : Property ;
- Fresh : Property ;
- Good : Property ;
- Suspect : Property ;
- Warm : Property ;
-</pre>
-
-kinds of places
-<pre>
- Airport : PlaceKind ;
- AmusementPark : PlaceKind ;
- Bank : PlaceKind ;
- Bar : PlaceKind ;
- Cafeteria : PlaceKind ;
- Center : PlaceKind ;
- Cinema : PlaceKind ;
- Church : PlaceKind ;
- Disco : PlaceKind ;
- Hospital : PlaceKind ;
- Hotel : PlaceKind ;
- Museum : PlaceKind ;
- Park : PlaceKind ;
- Parking : PlaceKind ;
- Pharmacy : PlaceKind ;
- PostOffice : PlaceKind ;
- Pub : PlaceKind ;
- Restaurant : PlaceKind ;
- School : PlaceKind ;
- Shop : PlaceKind ;
- Station : PlaceKind ;
- Supermarket : PlaceKind ;
- Theatre : PlaceKind ;
- Toilet : PlaceKind ;
- University : PlaceKind ;
- Zoo : PlaceKind ;
-
- CitRestaurant : Citizenship -> PlaceKind ;
-</pre>
-
-currency units
-<pre>
- DanishCrown : Currency ;
- Dollar : Currency ;
- Euro : Currency ; -- Germany, France, Italy, Finland, Spain, The Netherlands
- Lei : Currency ; -- Romania
- Leva : Currency ; -- Bulgaria
- NorwegianCrown : Currency ;
- Pound : Currency ; -- UK
- Rouble : Currency ; -- Russia
- SwedishCrown : Currency ;
- Zloty : Currency ; -- Poland
-</pre>
-
-nationalities, countries, languages, citizenships
-<pre>
- Belgian : Citizenship ;
- Belgium : Country ;
- Bulgarian : Nationality ;
- Catalan : Nationality ;
- Danish : Nationality ;
- Dutch : Nationality ;
- English : Nationality ;
- Finnish : Nationality ;
- Flemish : Language ;
- French : Nationality ;
- German : Nationality ;
- Italian : Nationality ;
- Norwegian : Nationality ;
- Polish : Nationality ;
- Romanian : Nationality ;
- Russian : Nationality ;
- Spanish : Nationality ;
- Swedish : Nationality ;
-</pre>
-
-means of transportation
-<pre>
- Bike : Transport ;
- Bus : Transport ;
- Car : Transport ;
- Ferry : Transport ;
- Plane : Transport ;
- Subway : Transport ;
- Taxi : Transport ;
- Train : Transport ;
- Tram : Transport ;
-
- ByFoot : ByTransport ;
-</pre>
-
-Actions (which can be expressed by different structures in different languages).
-Notice that also negations and questions can be formed from these.
-<pre>
- AHasAge : Person -> Number -> Action ; -- I am seventy years
- AHasChildren: Person -> Number -> Action ; -- I have six children
- AHasName : Person -> Name -> Action ; -- my name is Bond
- AHasRoom : Person -> Number -> Action ; -- you have a room for five persons
- AHasTable : Person -> Number -> Action ; -- you have a table for five persons
- AHungry : Person -> Action ; -- I am hungry
- AIll : Person -> Action ; -- I am ill
- AKnow : Person -> Action ; -- I (don't) know
- ALike : Person -> Item -> Action ; -- I like this pizza
- ALive : Person -> Country -> Action ; -- I live in Sweden
- ALove : Person -> Person -> Action ; -- I love you
- AMarried : Person -> Action ; -- I am married
- AReady : Person -> Action ; -- I am ready
- AScared : Person -> Action ; -- I am scared
- ASpeak : Person -> Language -> Action ; -- I speak Finnish
- AThirsty : Person -> Action ; -- I am thirsty
- ATired : Person -> Action ; -- I am tired
- AUnderstand : Person -> Action ; -- I (don't) understand
- AWant : Person -> Object -> Action ; -- I want two apples
- AWantGo : Person -> Place -> Action ; -- I want to go to the hospital
-</pre>
-
-Miscellaneous phrases. Notice that also negations and questions can be formed from
-propositions.
-<pre>
- QWhatAge : Person -> Question ; -- how old are you
- QWhatName : Person -> Question ; -- what is your name
- HowMuchCost : Item -> Question ; -- how much does the pizza cost
- ItCost : Item -> Price -> Proposition ; -- the pizza costs five euros
-
- PropOpen : Place -> Proposition ; -- the museum is open
- PropClosed : Place -> Proposition ; -- the museum is closed
- PropOpenDate : Place -> Date -> Proposition ; -- the museum is open today
- PropClosedDate : Place -> Date -> Proposition ; -- the museum is closed today
- PropOpenDay : Place -> Day -> Proposition ; -- the museum is open on Mondays
- PropClosedDay : Place -> Day -> Proposition ; -- the museum is closed on Mondays
-
- PSeeYouPlaceDate : Place -> Date -> Phrase ; -- see you in the bar on Monday
- PSeeYouPlace : Place -> Phrase ; -- see you in the bar
- PSeeYouDate : Date -> Phrase ; -- see you on Monday
-</pre>
-
-family relations
-<pre>
- Wife, Husband : Person -> Person ; -- my wife, your husband
- Son, Daughter : Person -> Person ; -- my son, your husband
- Children : Person -> Person ; -- my children
-</pre>
-
-week days
-<pre>
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday : Day ;
-
- Tomorrow : Date ;
-</pre>
-
-transports
-<pre>
- HowFar : Place -> Question ; -- how far is the zoo ?
- HowFarFrom : Place -> Place -> Question ; -- how far is the center from the hotel ?
- HowFarFromBy : Place -> Place -> ByTransport -> Question ;
- -- how far is the airport from the hotel by taxi ?
- HowFarBy : Place -> ByTransport -> Question ; -- how far is the museum by bus ?
-
- WhichTranspPlace : Transport -> Place -> Question ; -- which bus goes to the hotel
- IsTranspPlace : Transport -> Place -> Question ; -- is there a metro to the airport ?
-</pre>
-
-modifiers of places
-<pre>
- TheBest : Superlative ;
- TheClosest : Superlative ;
- TheCheapest : Superlative ;
- TheMostExpensive : Superlative ;
- TheMostPopular : Superlative ;
- TheWorst : Superlative ;
-
- SuperlPlace : Superlative -> PlaceKind -> Place ; -- the best bar
-
- }
-</pre>
-
-</body>
-</html>
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