Remove examples directory; these now live in gf-contrib

All changes have been reflected in the gf-contrib repository:
https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib

Now, for WebSetup to build the example grammars, one must have gf-contrib
cloned in the same top-level directory as GF. When this isn't the case,
WebSetup displays a notice without failing.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 410 deletions

diff --git a/examples/phrasebook/doc-phrasebook.txt b/examples/phrasebook/doc-phrasebook.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 15a2e862d..000000000
--- a/examples/phrasebook/doc-phrasebook.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,410 +0,0 @@
-MOLTO Multilingual Phrasebook
-Krasimir Angelov, Olga Caprotti, Ramona Enache, Thomas Hallgren, Inari Listenmaa, Aarne Ranta, Jordi Saludes, Adam Slaski
-Showcase for project FP7-ICT-247914, Deliverable D10.2.
-
-
-%!Encoding:utf-8
-
-%!postproc(html): #HR <HR>
-%!postproc(html): #BSMALL <font size=-1>
-%!postproc(html): #ESMALL </font>
-
-
-
-
-#HR
-#BSMALL
-
-History
-- 1 September. Version 1.1: bug fixes, some new constructions.
-- 2 June. Version 1.0 released!
-- 29 May. Link to Google translate with the current language pair and phrase.
-- 27 May. Polish added.
-- 26 May. Version 0.9:
-  Catalan added, mass/count noun distinction to reduce overgeneration, 
-  improved web interface.
-- 20 May. Version 0.8:
-  Spanish added, Bulgarian complete.
-- 9 May. Version 0.7: 
-  Danish and Norwegian added (preliminary versions induced from statistical models 
-  and resource grammars).
-- 3 May. Version 0.6: 
-  Extended API (now final for release), Dutch added; new user interface with text 
-  input enabled.
-- 10 April. Some additions in API, comments in implementation; regenerated clones.
-- 8 April. Added German.
-- 7 April. Added the Clone script, applied to initiate the rest of MOLTO languages.
-- 6 April. Version 0.4: weekdays, nationalities
-- 30 March. Version 0.3: disambiguation grammar for English
-- 28 March. Version 0.2: Swe, Ita; cat Action; small phrases.
-- 26 March 2010. Version 0.1: Eng, Fin, Fre, Ron; dedicated minibar UI.
-
-
-[Missing constructs missing.txt] 
-
-[Back to the phrasebook http://www.grammaticalframework.org/demos/phrasebook/]
-
-#ESMALL
-#HR
-
-
-=Purpose=
-
-This phrasebook is a program for translating touristic phrases 
-between 14 European languages included in the 
-[MOLTO http://www.molto-project.eu] project
-(Multilingual On-Line Translation):
-- Bulgarian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English,
-  Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian,
-  Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish
-
-
-A Russian version is not yet finished but is projected later. Also other languages may be added.
-
-The phrasebook is implemented by using the GF programming language 
-([Grammatical Framework http://grammaticalframework.org]).
-It is the first demo for the MOLTO project, released in the third month (by June 2010).
-The first version is a very small system, but it will extended in the course of the project.
-
-The phrasebook has the following requirement specification:
-- high quality: reliable translations to express yourself in any of the languages
-- translation between all pairs of languages
-- runnable in web browsers
-- runnable on mobile phones (via web browser; Android stand-alone forthcoming)
-- easily extensible by new words (forthcoming: semi-automatic extensions by users)
-
-
-The phrasebook is available as open-source software, licensed under GNU LGPL. 
-The source code resides in 
-[``www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/]
-
-
-
-=Points illustrated=
-
-
-==From the user perspective==
-
-Interlingua-based translation
-- we translate meanings, rather than words
-
-
-Incremental parsing
-- the user is at every point guided by the list of possible next words
-
-
-Mixed modalities
-- selection of words ("fridge magnets") combined with text input
-
-
-Quasi-incremental translation: many basic types are also used as phrases
-- one can translate both words and complete sentences, and get intermediate results
-
-
-Disambiguation, esp. of politeness distinctions
-- if a phrase has many translations, each of them is shown and given an explanation
-  (currently just in English, later in any source language)
-
-
-Fall-back to statistical translation
-- currently just a link to Google translate (forthcoming: tailor-made statistical models)
-
-
-Feed-back from users
-- users are welcomed to send comments, bug reports, and better translation suggestions
-
-
-
-==From the programmer's perspective==
-
-The use of resource grammars and functors
-- the translator was implemented on top of an earlier linguistic knowledge base,
-  the [GF Resource Grammar Library http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib]
-
-
-Example-based grammar writing and grammar induction from statistical models 
-([Google translate http://translate.google.com])
-- many of the grammars were created semi-automatically by generalization from
-  examples
-
-
-Compile-time transfer: especially, in Action in Words
-- the structural differences between languages are treated at compile time,
-  for maximal run-time efficiency
-
-
-The level of skills involved in grammar development
-- testing different configurations (see table below)
-
-
-Grammar testing
-- use of treebanks with guided random generation for initial evaluation and regression testing
-
-
-
-
-=Files=
-
-==Grammars==
-
-``Sentences``: general syntactic structures implementable in a uniform way. 
-Concrete syntax via the functor ``SencencesI``.
-
-``Words``: words and predicates, typically language-dependent. 
-Separate concrete syntaxes.
-
-``Greetings``: idiomatic phrases, string-based. 
-Separate concrete syntaxes.
-
-``Phrasebook``: the top module putting everything together. 
-Separate concrete syntaxes.
-
-``DisambPhrasebook``: disambiguation grammars generating feedback phrases if
-the input language is ambiguous.
-
-``Numeral``: resource grammar module directly inherited from the library.
-
-Here is the module structure as produced in GF by
-```
-  > i -retain DisambPhrasebookEng.gf
-  > dg -only=Phrasebook*,Sentences*,Words*,Greetings*,Numeral,NumeralEng,DisambPhrasebookEng
-  > ! dot -Tpng _gfdepgraph.dot >pgraph.png
-```
-
-[pgraph.png]
-
-
-==Ontology==
-
-The abstract syntax defines the **ontology** behind the phrasebook. 
-Some explanations can be found in the 
-[ontology document Ontology.html], which is produced from the
-abstract syntax files
-[``Sentences.gf`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/Sentences.gf]
-and
-[``Words.gf`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/Words.gf]
-by ``make doc``.
-
-
-
-==Run-time system and user interface==
-
-The phrasebook uses 
-the 
-[PGF server http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/wiki/LaunchWebDemos]
-written in Haskell and the 
-[minibar library http://www.grammaticalframework.org/demos/minibar/about.html]
-written in JavaScript. Since the sources of these systems are available, anyone can build the phrasebook
-locally on her own computer.
-
-
-=Effort and cost=
-
-|| Language | Grammarian's language skills  | Grammarian's GF skills | Informant used for development | Informant used for testing | Use of external tools | Impact of external tools | Changes on the resource grammar | Development time || 
-| Bulgarian |   ###    |    ###  |    -  |  -  |   -   |   ?   |  #   |   ##  |
-| Catalan   |   ###    |    ###  |    -  |  -  |   -   |   ?   |  #   |   #   |
-| Danish    |   -      |    ###  |    +  |  +  |   +   |   ##  |  #   |   ##  |
-| Dutch     |   -      |    ###  |    +  |  +  |   +   |   ##  |  #   |   ##  |
-| English   |   ##     |    ###  |    -  |  +  |   -   |   -   |  _   |   #   |
-| Finnish   |   ###    |    ###  |    -  |  -  |   -   |   ?   |  #   |   ##  |
-| French    |   ##     |    ###  |    -  |  +  |   -   |   ?   |  #   |   #   |
-| German    |   #      |    ###  |    +  |  +  |   +   |   ##  |  ##  |   ###  |
-| Italian   |   ###    |    #    |    -  |  -  |   -   |   ?   |  ##  |   ##  |
-| Norwegian |   #      |    ###  |    +  |  -  |   +   |   ##  |  #   |   ##  |
-| Polish    |   ###    |    ###  |    +  |  +  |   +   |   #   |  #   |   ##  |
-| Romanian  |   ###    |    ###  |    -  |  -  |   +   |   #   |  ###  |   ###  |
-| Spanish   |   ##     |    #    |    -  |  -  |   -   |   ?   |  _   |   ##   |
-| Swedish   |   ##     |    ###  |    -  |  +  |   -   |   ?   |  -   |   ##  |
-
-
-Explanation on scores
-
-- Grammarian's language skills  
-   - -   : no skills
-   - #   : passive knowledge
-   - ##  : fluent non-native
-   - ### : native speaker
-
-
-- Grammarian's GF skills  
-   - -   : no skills
-   - #   : basic skills (2-day GF tutorial)
-   - ##  : medium skills (previous experience of similar task)
-   - ### : advanced skills (resource grammar writer/substantial contributor)
-
-
-- Informant used for development/Informant needed for testing/Use of external tools 
-   - - : no
-   - + : yes
-
-
-- Impact of external tools 
-   - ? : not investigated
-   - - : no effect on the Phrasebook
-   - # : small impact (literal translation, simple idioms)
-   - ## : medium effect (translation of more forms of words, contextual preposition)
-   - ### : great effect (no extra work needed, translations are correct)
-
-
-- Changes on the resource grammars
-   - - : no changes
-   - # : 1-3 minor changes
-   - ## : 4-10 minor changes, 1-3 medium changes
-   - ### : >10 changes of any kind  
-
-
-- Overall effort (including extra work on resource grammars)
-   - # : less than 8 person hours
-   - ## : 8-24 person hours
-   - ### : >24 person hours
- 
-
-=Example-based grammar writing prototype=
-
-The figure presents the process of creating a Phrasebook using an example-based 
-approach for the language X, where X = {Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian}.
-
-[picpic.jpg]
-
-- the first step assumes an analysis of the resource grammar and extracts the necessary 
-  information that functions that build new lexical entries would need. 
-  A model is built so that the proper forms of the word can be rendered, 
-  and additional information, such as gender, can be inferred. The script applies 
-  these rules to each entry that we want to translate into the target language, and 
-  one obtains a set of constructions.
-- they are furthermore given to an external translator tool (Google translate) 
-  or a native speaker for translation. One needs the configuration file even if the 
-  translator is human, because formal knowledge of grammar is not assumed.
-- the translations into the target language are further more processed in order to 
-  build the linearizations of the categories first, decoding the information received. 
-  Furthermore, having the words in the lexicon, one can parse the translations of 
-  functions with the GF parser and generalize from that.
-- the resulting grammar is tested with the aid of a script that generates 
-  constructions covering all the functions and categories from the grammar, along 
-  with some other constructions that proved to be problematic in some language. 
-  The result of the script contains for each construction in the target language 
-  its English correspondent and the abstract syntax tree. A native speaker 
-  evaluates the results and if corrections are needed, the algorithm runs again 
-  with the new examples. Depending on the language skills of the grammar writer, 
-  the changes can be made directly into the GF files, and the correct examples 
-  given by the native informant are just kept for validating the results. 
-  The algorithm is repeated as long as corrections are needed.
-
-
-The time needed for preparing the configuration files for a grammar will not be needed 
-in the future, since the files are reusable for other applications.
-The time for the second step can be saved if automatic tools, like Google translate 
-are used. This is only possible in languages with a simpler morphology and syntax 
-and large corpora available.
-Good results were obtained for German and Dutch with Google translate, but for 
-languages like Romanian or Polish, which are both complex and lack enough resources, 
-the results are discouraging. 
-
-If the statistical oracle works well, the only step where the presence of a human 
-translator is needed is the evaluation and feedback step. An average of 4 hours per 
-round and 2 rounds were needed in average for the languages for which we performed 
-the experiment. It is possible that more effort is needed for more complex languages.
-
-
-=To Do=
-
-Disambiguation grammars for other languages than English
-
-Extend the abstract lexicon in ``Words`` by hand or (semi)automatically for
-- food stuff
-- places
-- actions
-
-
-Customizable phone distribution: make your own selection of the 2^15 language subsets
-when downloading the phrasebook to a phone
-
-
-=How to contribute=
-
-The basic things "everyone" can do is 
-- complete [missing words missing.txt] in concrete syntaxes
-- add new abstract words in ``Words`` and greetings in ``Greetings``
-
-
-The missing concrete syntax entries are added to the ``Words``//L//``.gf`` 
-files for each language //L//. The
-[morphological paradigms http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/doc/synopsis.html#toc78]
-of the GF resource library should be used. Actions (prefixed with ``A``, as ``AWant``) are
-a little more demanding, since they also require syntax constructors. Greetings (prefixed
-with ``G``) are pure strings.
-
-Some explanations can be found in the 
-[implementation document Implementation.html], which is produced from the
-concrete syntax files
-[``SentencesI.gf`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/SentencesI.gf]
-and
-[``WordsEng.gf`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf]
-by ``make doc``.
-
-Here are the steps to follow for contributors:
-+ Make sure you have the latest sources 
-  from [GF Darcs http://www.grammaticalframework.org/doc/gf-developers.html], 
-  using ``darcs pull``.
-+ Also make sure that you have compiled the library by ``make present`` in ``gf/lib/src/``.
-+ Work in the directory 
-  [``gf/examples/phrasebook/`` http://www.grammaticalframework.org/examples/phrasebook/].
-+ After you've finished your contribution, recompile the phrasebook by ``make pgf``.
-+ Save your changes in ``darcs record .`` (in the ``phrasebook`` subdirectory).
-+ Make a patch file with ``darcs send -o my_phrasebook_patch``, which you can 
-  send to GF maintainers.
-+ (Recommended:) Test the phrasebook on your local server:
-  + Go to ``gf/src/server/`` and follow the instructions in the
-    [project Wiki http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/wiki/LaunchWebDemos].
-  + Make sure that ``Phrasebook.pgf`` is available to you GF server (see project wiki).
-  + Launch ``lighttpd`` (see project wiki).
-  + How you can open ``gf/examples/phrasebook/www/phrasebook.html`` and use your phrasebook!
-
-
-- Don't delete anything! But you are free to correct incorrect forms.
-- Don't change the module structure! 
-- Don't compromise quality to gain coverage: //non multa sed multum!// 
-
-
-
-
-=Conclusions (tentative)=
-
-The grammarian need not be a native speaker of the language.
-
-For many languages, the grammarian need not even know the language - native informants are
-enough.
-
-However, evaluation by native speakers is necessary.
-
-Correct and idiomatic translations are possible.
-
-A typical development time was 2-3 person working days per language.
-
-Google translate helps in bootstrapping grammars, but must be checked.
-- in particular, unreliable for morphologically rich languages
-
-
-Resource grammars should give some more support
-- higher-level access to constructions like negative expressions
-- large-scale morphological lexica
-
-
-
-
-
-
-=Acknowledgements=
-
-The Phrasebook has been built in the MOLTO project funded by the European Commission.
-
-The authors are grateful to their native speaker informants helping to bootstrap and evaluate
-the grammars: 
-Richard Bubel, 
-Grégoire Détrez, 
-Rise Eilert,
-Karin Keijzer, 
-Michał Pałka,
-Willard Rafnsson,
-Nick Smallbone.
-