next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib

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diff --git a/next-lib/src/arabic/ResAra.gf b/next-lib/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index e18dc5ebe..000000000
--- a/next-lib/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1171 +0,0 @@
---# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
---
-----1 Arabic auxiliary operations.
---
----- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
----- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
----- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
----- patterns needed for $Lex$.
---
-resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef   in {
-
-  flags optimize=noexpand ; coding=utf8 ;
-
-
-  param     
-    
-    Vowel   = u | a | i ;
-    Number  = Sg | Dl | Pl;
-    Gender  = Masc | Fem ;
-    Case    = Nom | Acc | Gen ;
-    Person  = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
-    Species = NoHum | Hum ;
-    State   = Def | Indef | Const ;
-    Mood    = Ind | Cnj | Jus ;
-    Voice   = Act | Pas ;
-    Tense   = Pres | Past | Fut ;
-    Order   = Verbal | Nominal ;
-
-  oper    
-    
-    --roots, patterns, and making words:
-    
-    Pattern : Type = {h, m1, m2, t : Str};
-    Root    : Type = {f : Str};
-    Root2   : Type = Root ** {c : Str} ;
-    Root3   : Type = Root2 ** {l : Str} ;
-
-    mkRoot3 : Str -> Root3 = \fcl ->
-      let { cl = drop 2 fcl; --drop 1 fcl
-	        l' = dp 2 fcl; --last fcl
-		    c' = take 2 cl} in --take 1 cl
-      {f = take 2 fcl; c = c'; --take 1 fcl
-       l = case l' of {
-         "ّ" => c';
-		 _	=> l'
-	     }
-      };
-    
-    --for roots with 2 consonants (works also for assimilated strs, like fc~, 
-    --because the function discards anything after the first two characters
-    mkRoot2 : Str -> Root2 = \fcl ->
-      let { cl = drop 2 fcl} in --drop 1 fcl
-      {f = take 2 fcl; c = take 2 cl}; --take 1
-    
-    --opers to interdigitize (make words out of roots and patterns:
-
-  oper
-    --regular case, 3 non-weak consonants
-    mkStrong : Pattern -> Root3 -> Str = \p,fcl ->
-      p.h + fcl.f + p.m1 + fcl.c + p.m2 + fcl.l + p.t;
-    
-    mkDefective: Pattern -> Root3 -> Str = \p,fcl -> 
-      p.h + fcl.f + p.m1 + fcl.c + p.t;
-
-    mkHollow: Pattern -> Root3 -> Str = \p,fcl ->
-      p.h + fcl.f + p.m1 + fcl.l + p.t;
-
-    mkAssimilated: Pattern -> Root3 -> Str = \p,fcl ->
-      p.h + fcl.c + p.m1 + fcl.l + p.t;
-
-    -- takes a weak pattern and a triliteral root and makes
-    -- a word, deducing which root consonant is weak
-    mkWeak : Pattern -> Str -> Str = \pat,root ->
-      let fcl = mkRoot3 root in 
-      case root of {
-        _ + ("و"|"ي"|"ّ") => mkDefective   pat fcl;
-        _ + ("و"|"ي") + _ => mkHollow      pat fcl;
-        ("و"|"ي") + _     => mkAssimilated pat fcl
-      };
-
-    mkBilit : Pattern -> Root2 -> Str = \p,fcl ->
-      p.h + fcl.f + p.m1 + fcl.c + p.t;
-
-    --takes a pattern string and root string and makes a word
-    mkWord : Str -> Str -> Str  =\pS, rS ->
-      case pS of {
-        w@_ + "ف" + x@_ + "ع" + y@_ + "ل" + z@_ => 
-          mkStrong { h = w ; m1 = x; m2 = y; t = z} (mkRoot3 rS);
-        w@_ + "ف" + x@_ + "ع" + y@_ => 
-          let pat = { h = w ; m1 = x; m2 = ""; t = y} in
-          case <length rS : Ints 100> of {
-            6 | 5 => mkWeak pat rS ; --3=>
-            4 | 3 => mkBilit pat (mkRoot2 rS) ; --2=>
-            _ => rS ---- AR error "expected 3--6" 
-          }
-      };
-
-    --types of open classes:
-
-    NTable = Number => State => Case => Str;
-
-    Noun : Type = {s : NTable ; g : Gender; h : Species} ;
---    Adj  : Type = {s : Gender => NTable} ;
-    Adj  : Type = {s : AForm => Str} ;
-    Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ;
-    
-  param
-    VForm =
-      VPerf Voice PerGenNum
-      | VImpf Mood Voice PerGenNum
-      | VImp Gender Number 
-      | VPPart ;
-    
-    PerGenNum = 
-      Per3 Gender Number 
-      | Per2 Gender Number
-      | Per1 SgPl;
-    
-    SgPl = Sing | Plur;
-    
-    AForm = 
-      APosit Gender Number State Case
-      | AComp State Case ;
-    
-    --verbal morphology
-    
-oper 
-  
-  --macro for sound verb
-  --PerfAct, PerfPas, ImpfAct, ImpfPas, Imp, PPart
-  verb : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = 
-    \katab,kutib,aktub,uktab,euktub,maktUb -> { 
-      s = table {
-        VPerf Act pgn     => katab + suffixPerf ! pgn ;
-        VPerf Pas pgn     => kutib + suffixPerf ! pgn ;
-        VImpf Ind Act pgn => prefixImpf!pgn + aktub + suffixImpfInd !pgn;
-        VImpf Ind Pas pgn => prefixImpf!pgn + uktab + suffixImpfInd !pgn;
-        VImpf m Act pgn => prefixImpf!pgn + aktub + suffixImpfCJ m ! pgn;
-        VImpf m Pas pgn => prefixImpf !pgn + uktab + suffixImpfCJ m !pgn;
-        VImp  g n  => euktub + suffixImpfCJ Jus ! (Per2 g n);
-        VPPart     => maktUb
-        } 
-    } ;
-  
-  --affixes of sound verbs
-  
-  suffixPerf : PerGenNum => Str = 
-    table {
-      Per3 Masc Sg => "َ" ;      
-      Per3 Masc Dl => "َا" ;     
-      Per3 Masc Pl => "ُوا" ;  
-      Per3 Fem  Sg => "َتْ" ;    
-      Per3 Fem  Dl => "َتَا" ;  
-      Per3 Fem  Pl => "ْنَ" ;    
-      Per2 Masc Sg => "ْتَ" ;    
-      Per2 _    Dl => "ْتُمَا" ;
-      Per2 Masc Pl => "ْتُمْ" ;  
-      Per2 Fem  Sg => "ْتِ" ;    
-      Per2 Fem  Pl => "ْتُنَّ" ; 
-      Per1 Sing    => "ْتُ" ;    
-      Per1 Plur    => "ْنَا"
-    } ;
-
-  prefixImpf : PerGenNum => Str = 
-    table {
-      Per1 Sing    => "أ" ;    
-      Per1 Plur    => "ن" ;
-      Per3 Masc _  => "ي" ;      
-      Per3 Fem  Pl => "ي" ;    
-      _			=> "ت"
-    } ;
-  
-  suffixImpfInd : PerGenNum => Str = 
-    table {
-      Per3	Masc Pl => "ُونَ" ;  
-      Per3	Fem  Pl => "ْنَ" ;    
-      Per3	g	 Dl => "َانِ" ;  
-      Per2	Masc Pl => "ُونَ" ;  
-      Per2 Fem  Sg => "ِينَ" ;    
-      Per2	g	 Dl => "َانِ" ;  
-      Per2	Fem  Pl => "ْنَ" ;    
-      _			=> "ُ"
-    } ;
-  
-  suffixImpfCJ : Mood -> PerGenNum => Str = \m ->
-    table {
-      Per3	Masc Pl => "ُوا" ;  
-      Per3	Fem  Pl => "ْنَ" ;    
-      Per3	g	 Dl => "َا" ;  
-      Per2	Masc Pl => "ُوا" ;  
-      Per2 Fem  Sg => "ِي" ;    
-      Per2	g	 Dl => "َا" ;  
-      Per2	Fem  Pl => "ْنَ" ;    
-      _			=> endVowel ! m
-    } ;
-  
-  --macro for geminate verbs: FIXME, change the misleading variable names 
-  verbGeminate : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = 
-	\xAf,xif,xyf,xuf,axAf,axaf,uxAf,uxaf,xaf,xAf',ppart ->
-    let { perfPattern = patHollowPerf xAf xif xyf xuf ;
-		  impfPattern = patHollowImpf axAf axaf uxAf uxaf ;
-		  impPattern  = patHollowImp xaf xAf'
-	} in
-    { s = table {
-        VPerf     v pgn => perfPattern ! v ! pgn  + suffixPerf ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf Ind v pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + impfPattern ! v ! pgn +  suffixImpfInd ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf m   v pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + impfPattern ! v ! pgn +  suffixImpfCJ m ! pgn ;
-	    VImp	g	n	  =>			        impPattern ! g ! n +  suffixImpfCJ Jus ! (Per2 g n);
-        VPPart => ppart
-        }
-    } ;
-  
-  --macro for hollow verbs:
-  verbHollow : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = 
-	\xAf,xif,xyf,xuf,axAf,axaf,uxAf,uxaf,xaf,xAf',ppart ->
-    let { perfPattern = patHollowPerf xAf xif xyf xuf ;
-		  impfPattern = patHollowImpf axAf axaf uxAf uxaf ;
-		  impPattern  = patHollowImp axaf xAf' ;
-          jusPattern  = patHollowJus axaf axAf uxaf uxAf ;
- 	} in
-    { s = table {
-        VPerf     v pgn => perfPattern ! v ! pgn  + suffixPerf ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf Ind v pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + impfPattern ! v ! pgn +  suffixImpfInd ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf Cnj v pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + impfPattern ! v ! pgn +  suffixImpfCJ Cnj ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf Jus v pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + jusPattern ! v ! pgn +  suffixImpfCJ Jus ! pgn ;
-	    VImp	g	n	  =>			        impPattern ! g ! n +  suffixImpfCJ Jus ! (Per2 g n);
-        VPPart => ppart
-        }
-    } ;
-  
-  --macro for defective verbs:
-  verbDef: (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Vowel -> Verb =
-    \rama,ramay,rumi,rumu,rumiy,armi,armu,urma,Irmi,Irmu,ppart,vowel ->
-    let {
-	  patPerf = patDefPerf rama ramay rumi rumu rumiy ;
-	  patImpfAct = patDefImpfAct armi armu ;
-	  patImp = patDefImp Irmi Irmu 
-    } in
-    { s = table {
-        VPerf v pgn => patPerf ! v ! pgn + (suffixPerfDef v) ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf m Act pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + patImpfAct ! pgn + (suffixImpfDef Act vowel) ! m  ! pgn ;
-	    VImpf m Pas pgn => prefixImpf ! pgn + urma + (suffixImpfDef Pas vowel) ! m  ! pgn ;
-	    VImp g n =>  patImp ! g ! n + (suffixImpfDef Act vowel) ! Jus ! (Per2 g n) ;
-        VPPart => ppart
-        }
-    } ;
-  
-  patDefPerf : (_,_,_,_,_ :Str) -> Voice => PerGenNum => Str = \rama,ramay,rumi,rumu,rumy ->
-    table {
-      Act => 
-        table {
-          Per3 Fem Pl => ramay ;
-	      Per3 _	_  => rama ;
-	      _		   => ramay
-	    } ;
-      Pas =>
-        table {
-          Per3 Masc Pl => rumu ;
-	      Per3 Fem Pl => rumy ;
-	      Per3 _	_  => rumi ;
-	      _		   => rumy
-	    }
-    } ;
-  
-  --ignores the vowel=u case, eg "دعو"
-  patDefImpfAct :  (_,_ : Str) -> PerGenNum => Str = \rmi,rmu ->
-  table {
-    Per3 Masc Pl => rmu ;
-	Per2 Masc Pl => rmu ;
-	_			 => rmi
-    } ;
-  
-  
-  patDefImp : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \rmi, rmu ->
-    table {
-      Masc => table {Pl => rmu ; _ => rmi} ;
-      _	=> table {_ => rmi}
-    } ;
-  
-
-  suffixPerfDef : Voice -> PerGenNum => Str = \v ->
-    let {p3ms = 
-           case v of {
-		     Act => "ى" ;
-		     Pas => "يَ"
-		   } ;
-	     ya = 
-           case v of {
-		     Act => "" ;
-		     Pas => "يَ"
-		   }
-    } in
-    table {
-      Per3 Masc Sg => p3ms ;      
-      Per3 Masc Dl => "يَا" ;     
-      Per3 Masc Pl => "وْا" ;  
-      Per3 Fem  Sg => ya + "تْ" ;    
-      Per3 Fem  Dl => ya + "تَا" ;  
-      Per3 Fem  Pl => "نَ" ;    
-      Per2 Masc Sg => "تَ" ;    
-      Per2 _    Dl => "تُمَا" ;
-      Per2 Masc Pl => "تُمْ" ;  
-      Per2 Fem  Sg => "تِ" ;    
-      Per2 Fem  Pl => "تُنَّ" ; 
-      Per1 Sing    => "تُ" ;    
-      Per1 Plur    => "نَا"
-    } ;
-  
-  
-  suffixImpfDef : Voice -> Vowel -> Mood => PerGenNum => Str = \vc,vw ->
-    let {     
-      default : Mood -> Str = \m -> 
-        case vc of {
-          Pas => case m of {Jus => "" ; _ => "ى"} ;
-          Act => case vw of {
-            u => case m of {Ind => "و" ; Cnj => "وَ" ; Jus => ""} ;
-            i => case m of {Ind => "ي" ; Cnj => "يَ" ; Jus => ""} ;
-            a => case m of {Ind => "ى" ; Cnj => "ى" ; Jus => ""}
-            }
-        } 
-    } in
-    table {
-      Ind =>
-        table {
-          Per3 Masc Pl => "وْنَ" ;  
-          Per2 Masc Pl => "وْنَ" ;  
-          Per3 g    Dl => "يَانِ" ;  
-          Per2 g    Dl => "يَانِ" ;  
-          Per3 Fem  Pl => "يْنَ" ;    
-          Per2 Fem  _  => "يْنَ" ;    
-          _            => default Ind
-        } ;
-      m =>
-        table {
-          Per3 Masc Pl => "وْا" ;  
-          Per2 Masc Pl => "وْا" ;  
-          Per3 g    Dl => "يَا" ;  
-          Per2 g    Dl => "يَا" ;  
-          Per3 Fem  Pl => "يْنَ" ;    
-          Per2 Fem  Pl => "يْنَ" ;    
-          Per2 Fem  Sg => "ي" ;    
-          _            => default m
-        }
-    } ;
-
---now is used for the sound, assimilated (weak C1), and when C1 = hamza:
-
-v1sound : Root3 -> Vowel -> Vowel -> Verb = 
-  \fcl,vPerf,vImpf ->
-  let {
-    qf = {f = fcl.c ; c = fcl.l} ;
-    qif = mkBilit (fvc ! vImpf) qf;
-	katab = mkStrong (patV1Perf ! vPerf) fcl ;
-    kutib = mkStrong fucil fcl ;		--FIXME no passive if vPerf == u
-	ktub  = mkStrong (patV1Impf ! vImpf) fcl ;
-	aktub = "َ" + 
-      case fcl.f of {
-        "و"|"ي" => qif ;
-        _       => ktub
-      };
-    uktab = mkStrong ufcal fcl ;
-	euktub = case fcl.f of {
-      "؟"|"و"|"ي" => qif ;
-      _   => prefixImp ! vImpf + ktub
-      };
-    maktUb = mkStrong mafcUl fcl 
-  } in
-  verb katab kutib aktub uktab euktub maktUb ;
-
-v1hollow : Root3 -> Vowel -> Verb =
-  \xwf,vowel -> 
-  let {
-	xAf = mkHollow fAc xwf ;
-	xif = mkHollow (patHol1 ! vowel) xwf ;
-	xyf = mkHollow fIc xwf ;
-	xuf = mkHollow (patHol2 ! vowel) xwf ; 
-	xaf = mkHollow (fvc ! vowel) xwf ;
-	axaf= "َ" + xaf ; 
-	uxAf= mkHollow ufAc xwf ;
-	uxaf= "ُ" + xaf ;
-	xAf'= mkHollow (patHol3 ! vowel) xwf ;
-	axAf= "َ" + xAf';
-    ppart = "مَ" + xAf' -- FIXME actually wierd anomalies happen with the a vowel.. 
-
-  }  in verbHollow xAf xif xyf xuf axAf axaf uxAf uxaf xaf xAf' ppart ;
-
-patHol1 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table { u => fuc ; _ => fic} ;
-
-patHol2 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table { u => fic ; _ => fuc} ;
-
-patHol3 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fUc ;
-	i => fIc ;
-	a => fAc
-  } ;
-
---used in assimilated (wqf -> qif, wqc -> qac..) and hollow (qwl -> qul, xwf->xaf..)
-fvc : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fuc ;
-	i => fic ;
-	a => fac
-  } ;
-
-
-v1geminate : Str -> Vowel -> Vowel -> Verb =
-  \rootStr,vPerf,vImpf -> 
-  let {
-	mdd = mkRoot3 rootStr ;	--fcc
-	md  = mkRoot2 rootStr ;	--fc
-	madd = mkBilit facc md ;
-	madad = mkStrong (patGem1 ! vPerf) mdd ;
-	mudd = mkBilit fucc md ;
-	mudid = mkStrong fucil mdd ;
-	mudd' = mkBilit (patGem2 ! vImpf) md ;
-	amudd = "َ" + mudd' ;
-	mdud = mkStrong (patGem3 ! vImpf) mdd ;
-	amdud = "َ" + mdud ;
-	umadd = "ُ" + madd ;
-	umdad = "ُ" + mkStrong fcal mdd ;
-	Umdud = (prefixImp ! vImpf) + mdud;
-    mamdUd = mkStrong mafcUl mdd
-  }  in verbGeminate madd madad mudd mudid amudd amdud umadd umdad Umdud mudd' mamdUd;
-
-patGem1 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    a => facal ;
-	u => facul ;
-	i => facil
-  } ;
-
-patGem2 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fucc ;
-	a => facc ;
-	i => ficc			--no such verb probably exists
-  } ;
-
-patGem3 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fcul ;
-	a => fcal ;
-	i => fcil			--no such verb probably exists
-  } ;
-
-v1defective : Root3 -> Vowel -> Verb =
-	\rmy,vowel -> 
-  let {
-	rama = mkDefective faca rmy ;
-	ramay = mkStrong facalo rmy ;	   
-	rumi = mkDefective fuci rmy ;
-	rumu = mkDefective fucu rmy ;
-	rumiy = mkStrong fucilo rmy ;
-	rmi = mkDefective (patDef1 ! vowel)  rmy ;
-	armi = "َ" + rmi ;
-	rmu = mkDefective (patDef2 ! vowel) rmy ;	   
-	armu = "َ" + rmu ;
-	urma = mkDefective ufca rmy ;
-    eirmi = prefixImp ! vowel + rmi;
-    eirmu = prefixImp ! vowel + rmu;
-    marmiy = mkStrong mafcil rmy
-  } in verbDef rama ramay rumi rumu rumiy armi armu urma eirmi eirmu marmiy vowel ;
-
-patDef1 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fcu ;
-	a => fca ;
-	i => fci			
-  } ;
-
-patDef2 : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-	a => fca ;			
-    _ => fcu
-  } ;
-
-v2sound : Root3 -> Verb = \qsm ->
-  let {
-	qassam = mkStrong faccal qsm ;
-    qussim = mkStrong fuccil qsm ;
-	qassim  = mkStrong faccil qsm ;
-    uqassim = "ُ" + qassim ;
-	uqassam = "ُ" + qassam ;
-    muqassam = "مُ" + qassam
-  } in
-  verb qassam qussim uqassim uqassam qassim muqassam;
-
-v2defective : Root3 -> Verb = \gny ->
-  let {
-	ganna = mkDefective facca gny ;
-	gannay = mkStrong faccalo gny ;	   
-	gunni = mkDefective fucci gny ;
-	gunnu = mkDefective fuccu gny ;
-	gunniy = mkStrong fuccilo gny ;
-    ganni = mkDefective facci gny;
-    uganni = "ُ" + ganni;
-    gannu = mkDefective faccu gny;
-    ugannu = "ُ" + gannu;
-    uganna = "ُ" + ganna;
-    mugannaY = "مُ" + ganna + "ى"
-  } in verbDef ganna gannay gunni gunnu gunniy uganni ugannu uganna ganni gannu mugannaY i;
-
-v3sound : Root3 -> Verb = 
-  \tbc ->
-  let {
-    tAbac = mkStrong fAcal tbc ;
-    twbic = mkStrong fUcil tbc ;
-    tAbic = mkStrong fAcil tbc ;
-    utAbic  = "ُ" + tAbic ;
-    utAbac = mkStrong ufAcal tbc ;
-    mutAbac = "م" + utAbac  
-  } in verb tAbac twbic utAbic utAbac tAbic mutAbac;
-
-v4sound : Root3 -> Verb =
-  \qnc ->
-  let {
-    eaqnac = mkStrong eafcal qnc;
-    euqnic = mkStrong eufcil qnc;
-    uqnic = mkStrong ufcil qnc;
-    uqnac = mkStrong ufcal qnc;
-    eaqnic = mkStrong eafcil qnc;
-    muqnac = "م" + uqnac
-  } in 
-  verb eaqnac euqnic uqnic uqnac eaqnic muqnac;
-
-
-v4defective : Root3 -> Verb = \cTy ->
-  let {
-	cTa = mkDefective fca cTy;
-    cTu = mkDefective fcu cTy;
-    cTi = mkDefective fci cTy;
-    eacTa = "أَ" + cTa;
-	eacTay = mkStrong eafcal cTy ;	   
-    ucTi = "ُ" + cTi;
-	eucTi = "أُ" + cTi;
-    ucTu = "ُ" + cTu;
-	eucTu = "أُ" + cTu;
-	eucTiy = mkStrong eufcil cTy ;
-    ucTa = "ُ" + cTa;
-    eacTi = "أَ" + cTi;
-    eacTu = "أَ" + cTu;
-    mucTaY = "م" + ucTa +"ى"
-  } in verbDef eacTa eacTay eucTi eucTu eucTiy ucTi ucTu ucTa eacTi eacTu mucTaY i;
-
-v5sound : Root3 -> Verb = 
-  \nfs ->
-  let {
-    tanaffas = mkStrong tafaccal nfs ;
-    tunuffis = mkStrong tufuccil nfs ;
-    atanaffas  = "َ" + tanaffas ;
-    utanaffas = "ُ" + tanaffas ;
-    mutanaffas = "م" + tanaffas
-  } in verb tanaffas tunuffis atanaffas utanaffas tanaffas mutanaffas;
-
-v6sound : Root3 -> Verb = 
-  \fqm ->
-  let {
-    tafAqam = mkStrong tafAcal fqm ;
-    tufUqim = mkStrong tufUcil fqm ;
-    atafAqam = "َ" + tafAqam ;
-    utafAqam = "ُ" + tafAqam ;
-    mutafAqam = "م" + utafAqam
-  } in verb tafAqam tufUqim atafAqam utafAqam tafAqam mutafAqam;
-
-v8sound : Root3 -> Verb = 
-  \rbT ->
-  let {
-    rtabiT = mkStrong ftacil rbT ;
-    rtabaT = mkStrong ftacal rbT ;
-    eirtabaT = "إِ" + rtabaT ;
-    eurtubiT = mkStrong euftucil rbT ;
-    artabiT = "َ" + rtabiT ;
-    urtabaT  = "ُ" + rtabaT ;
-    eirtabiT = "إِ" + rtabiT ;
-    murtabaT =  "م" + urtabaT
-  } in verb eirtabaT eurtubiT artabiT urtabaT eirtabiT murtabaT;
-
-patV1Perf : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    a => facal ; --katab
-	u => facul ; --Hasun
-	i => facil   --rabiH
-  } ;
-
-patV1Impf : Vowel => Pattern =
-  table {
-    u => fcul ;  --ktub
-	a => fcal ;  --rbaH
-	i => fcil    --Hsin
-  } ;
-
-endVowel : Mood => Str =
-  table {
-	Cnj => "َ" ;
-	Jus => "ْ" ;
-	Ind => ""
-  } ;
-
-prefixImp : Vowel => Str = 
-  table {
-    u => "أُ" ;
-	_ => "إِ"
-  } ;
-
-patHollowPerf : (_,_,_,_ :Str) -> Voice => PerGenNum => Str = \xAf,xif,xyf,xuf ->
-  table {
-    Act => 
-      table {
-        Per3 Fem Pl => xif ;
-	    Per3 _	_  => xAf ;
-	    _		   => xif
-	  } ;
-    Pas =>
-      table {
-        Per3 Fem Pl => xuf ;
-	    Per3 _	_  => xyf ;
-	    _		   => xuf
-	  }
-  } ;
-
---this is the pattern of imperfect  hollow (ind & conj) and geminate verbs (all)
-patHollowImpf : (_,_,_,_ :Str) -> Voice => PerGenNum => Str = \axAf,axaf,uxAf,uxaf ->
-  table {
-    Act => 
-      table {
-	    Per3 Fem Pl => axaf ;
-	    Per2 Fem Pl => axaf ;
-	    _		=> axAf
-	  } ;
-    Pas =>
-      table {
-	    Per3 Fem Pl => uxaf ;
-	    Per2 Fem Pl => uxaf ;
-	    _		=> uxAf
-	  }
-  } ;
-
-patHollowJus : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Voice => PerGenNum => Str =\axaf,axAf,uxaf,uxAf->
-  table {
-    Act => 
-      table {
-        Per3 g Sg    => axaf ;
-        Per3 Fem Pl  => axaf;
-        Per2 Fem Pl  => axaf;
-        Per2 Masc Sg => axaf;
-        Per1 _       => axaf;
-	    _		     => axAf
-	  } ;
-    Pas => 
-      table {
-        Per3 g Sg    => uxaf ;
-        Per3 Fem Pl  => uxaf;
-        Per2 Fem Pl  => uxaf;
-        Per2 Masc Sg => uxaf;
-        Per1 _       => uxaf;
-	    _		     => uxAf
-	  } 
-  } ;
-    
-
-
-patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
-  table {
-    Masc => table { Sg => xaf ; _ => xAf} ;
-    Fem  => table { Pl => xaf ; _ => xAf}
-  } ;
-
---Nominal Morphology
-
---takes the adjective lemma and gives the Posit table
-  positAdj : Str -> Gender => NTable  =
-    \kabIr ->
-    let kabIra = kabIr + "َة" in 
-    table {
-      Masc => sndm kabIr;
-      Fem  => sndf kabIra
-    };
-  
-  clr : Str -> Str -> Str -> AForm => Str =
-    \aHmar,HamrA',Humr ->
-    table {
-      APosit Masc n d c => case n of {
-        Sg => indeclN aHmar ! d ! c ;
-        Dl => dual aHmar ! d ! c ;
-        Pl => sing Humr ! d ! c
-        };
-      APosit Fem n d c => case n of {
-        Sg => indeclN HamrA'  ! d ! c;
-        Dl => dual ((tk 2 HamrA') + "و") ! d ! c;
-        Pl => sing Humr ! d ! c
-        };
-      AComp d c => indeclN aHmar ! d ! c 
-    };
-  
-  -- indeclinable nominal word (mamnuu3 mina S-Sarf)
-  indeclN : Str -> State => Case => Str =
-    \aHmar -> \\s,c => Al!s + aHmar + indecl!c;
-
-    -- takes 2 words, singular and broken plural, and gives the 
-    -- complete noun inflection table
-    reg : Str -> Str -> NTable =
-      \kitAb,kutub ->
-      table {
-        Sg => sing kitAb ;
-        Dl => dual kitAb ;
-        Pl => sing kutub 
-      };
-    
-    --takes the sound noun in singular and gives the 
-    --complete noun inflection table of sound feminine plural
-    sndf : Str -> NTable  =
-      \lawHa ->
-      table {
-        Sg => sing lawHa ;
-        Dl => dual lawHa ;
-        Pl => plurF lawHa 
-      };
-    
-    --takes the sound noun in singular and gives the 
-    --complete inflection table of sound masculine plural nominals
-    sndm : Str -> NTable =
-      \muzAric ->
-      table {
-        Sg => sing muzAric ;
-        Dl => dual muzAric ;
-        Pl => plurM muzAric 
-      };
-    
-    -- takes a singular or broken plural word and tests the ending to
-    -- determine the declension and gives the corresponding inf table
-    sing : Str -> State => Case => Str = 
-      \word -> 
-      case word of {
-         lemma + "ِي" => \\s,c => Al ! s + lemma + dec2sg ! s ! c ;
-        _ + ("ا"|"ى") => \\s,c => Al ! s + word + dec3sg ! s ! c ;
-        _                 => \\s,c => Al ! s + word + dec1sg ! s ! c 
-      };
-
-    -- takes a singular word and tests the ending to
-    -- determine the declension and gives the corresponding dual inf table
-    dual : Str -> State => Case => Str = 
-      \caSaA -> 
-      case caSaA of {
-        lemma + ("ا"|"ى") => \\s,c => Al ! s + lemma + "ي" + dl ! s ! c ;
-        _                 => \\s,c => Al ! s + caSaA + dl ! s ! c 
-      };
-
-    -- takes a singular word and gives the corresponding sound 
-    --plural feminine table
-    plurF : Str -> State => Case => Str = 
-      \kalima -> 
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + (mkAt kalima) + f_pl ! s ! c ;
-
-    -- takes a singular word and gives the corresponding sound 
-    --plural masculine table. FIXME: consider declension 3
-    plurM : Str -> State => Case => Str = 
-      \mucallim -> 
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + mucallim + m_pl ! s ! c ;
-
-
-    -- to add the Al prefix for Definite words
-    Al : State => Str = 
-      table {
-        Def => "ال";
-        _   => ""
-      };
-
-    --declection 1 (strong ending) of the singular or broken plural words
-    dec1sg : State => Case => Str = 
-      table {
-        Indef => 
-          table {
-            Nom => "ٌ";
-            Acc => "ً";
-            Gen => "ٍ"
-          };
-        _ => 
-          table { --think of ?axU, ?axA, (the five nouns)
-            Nom => "ُ";
-            Acc => "َ";
-            Gen => "ِ"
-          }
-      };
-
-    --indeclinables (mamnuu3 mina S-Sarf) 
-    indecl :  Case => Str =
-      table {
-        Nom => "ُ";
-        _ => "َ"
-      };
-        
-
-    --declection 2 (ends in yaa') 
-    dec2sg : State => Case => Str = 
-      table {
-        Indef => 
-          table {
-            Acc => "ِياً";
-            _ => "ٍ"
-          };
-        _ => 
-          table { 
-            Acc => "ِيَ";
-            _ => "ِي"
-          }
-      };
-
-    --declention 3 (ending in alif)
-    dec3sg : State => Case => Str = 
-      table {
-        Indef => 
-          table {
-            _ => "ً"
-          };
-        _ => 
-          table { 
-            _ => ""
-          }
-      };
-
-    
-    --dual suffixes
-    dl : State => Case => Str =
-      table {
-        Const =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "َا";
-            _   => "َي"
-          };
-        _ =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "َانِ";
-            _   => "َينِ"
-          }
-      };
-
-    --sound mascualine plural suffixes
-    m_pl : State => Case => Str =
-      table {
-        Const =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "ُو";
-            _   => "ِي"
-          };
-        _ =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "ُونَ";
-            _   => "ِينَ"
-          }
-      };
-
-    --sound feminine plural suffixes
-    f_pl : State => Case => Str =
-      table {
-        Indef =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "ٌ";
-            _   => "ٍ"
-          };
-        _ =>
-          table {
-            Nom => "ُ";
-            _   => "ِ"
-          }
-      };
-
-  
-    mkAt : Str -> Str = \bayDo ->
-      case bayDo of {
-        bayD + "ة"  => bayD + "ات";
-        bayD + "اء" => bayD + "اوات";
-        bayD + "ى"  => bayD + "يَات";
-        _           => bayDo + "ات"
-      };
-    
-
-  oper
-    
-    sizeToNumber : Size -> Number = \s ->
-      case s of {
-        ThreeTen | None  => Pl;
-        Two => Dl;
-        _ => Sg
-      } ;
-
-    numberToSize : Number -> Size = \n ->
-      case n of {
-        Pl => ThreeTen;
-        Dl => Two ;
-        Sg => One -- or Hundreds or NonTeen
-      } ;
-
-    detGender : Gender -> Size -> Gender =
-      \g,s ->
-      case s of {
-        ThreeTen | Teen => genPolarity ! g;
-        _ => g
-      };
-
-    nounState : State -> Number -> State =
-      \s,n ->
-      case <s,n> of {
-        <Const,Pl> => Def;   --kullu l-kutubi, bacDu l-kutubi
-        <Const,Sg> => Indef; --kullu kitaabin
-        <Indef,_> => Indef;  --kitaabun
-        _ => Def             --Lkitaabu
-      };
-
-
-    --FIXME needs testing
-    nounCase : Case -> Size -> State -> Case = 
-      \c,size,s -> 
-      case <size,s> of {
-        <Teen,_> => Acc;
-        <NonTeen,_> => Acc;
-        <ThreeTen,_> => Gen;
-        <Hundreds,_> => Gen;
-        <_,Const> => Gen;
-        _     => c
-      };
-    
-    definite : State => State =
-      table {
-        Indef => Indef;
-        _     => Def
-      };
-
-    --things like mi{aö and vlAva and >alf should be treated as Const
-    --before the counted noun, so (vlAvaöN kutubK) is wrong
-    toDef : State -> Size -> State =
-      \s,n ->
-      case <s,n> of {
-        <Indef,Hundreds> => Const;
-        <Indef,ThreeTen> => Const;
-        _ => s 
-      };
-
-    -- in a NP, sometimes the common noun preceedes the determiner
-    -- e.g. some determiners act as adjectives modifying the noun they count
-    -- "the three children, two children"
-    -- e.g. possesive pronouns: his book (kitaabuhu"
-    cnB4det : Bool -> Bool -> Size -> State -> Bool = \isPron,isNum,s,d ->
-      case <isPron,isNum,s,d> of {
-        <True,_,_,_> => True;
-        <_,False,_,_> => False; --non-numerals
-        <_,True,_,Def> => True; --definite numbers act as adjectives
-        <_,True,Two,_> => True; --numerals one and two always adjectives
-        <_,True,One,_> => True; --numerals one and two always adjectives
-        _ => False          
-      };
-    
-    agrP3 : Species -> Gender -> Number -> PerGenNum= \h,g,n ->
-      case <h,n> of {
-        <NoHum,Pl> => Per3 Fem Sg;
-        _          => Per3 g n
-      };
-
-    pgn2gn : PerGenNum -> {g : Gender; n : Number} = \pgn ->
-      case pgn of {
-        Per3 gn nm => {g = gn; n = nm};
-        Per2 gn nm => {g = gn; n = nm};
-        _ => {g = Masc; n = Sg} --randomly
-      };
- 
-
-    mkIP : Str -> Number -> {s : Str ; n : Number} =
-     \s,n -> {s = s ; n = n} ;
-
-    mkOrd : (_,_ : Str) -> {s : Gender => State => Case => Str ; n : Size } =
-      \aysar,yusra -> 
-      { s = \\g,s,c =>
-          case g of {
-            Masc => (sing aysar) ! s ! c;
-            Fem  => (sing yusra) ! s ! c
-          };
-        n = None
-      };
-    
-
-  oper
-
-    Det : Type = {
-      s : Species => Gender => Case => Str ; 
-      d : State; 
-      n : Size; 
-      isNum : Bool;
-      -- for genitive pronouns (suffixes). if true, then "cn ++ det" 
-      --should be used instead of "det ++ cn" when constructing the NP
-      isPron : Bool 
-      } ;
-
-    Predet : Type = { 
-      s : Case => Str;
-      isDecl : Bool 
-      };
-
-    Agr = { pgn : PerGenNum; isPron : Bool} ;
-    AAgr = { g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
-
-    Comp : Type = {
-      s : AAgr => Case => Str
-      } ; 
-
-    Obj : Type = { 
-      s : Str ; 
-      a : Agr
-      };
-
-    NP : Type = {
-      s : Case => Str ; 
-      a : Agr 
-      } ;
-    
-    param VPForm =
-        VPPerf 
-      | VPImpf Mood 
-      | VPImp ;
-
-  oper
-
-    VP : Type = { 
-      s : PerGenNum => VPForm => Str;
-      obj : Obj;
-      pred : Comp;
-      isPred : Bool; --indicates if there is a predicate (xabar)
-      s2 : Str
-      }; 
-
-    predV : Verb -> VP = \v ->
-      { s = \\pgn,vf => 
-          let gn = pgn2gn pgn in
-          case vf of {
-            VPPerf => v.s ! (VPerf Act pgn);
-            VPImpf m => v.s ! (VImpf m Act pgn);
-            VPImp => v.s ! (VImp Masc Sg)--gn.g gn.n)
-          };
-        obj = {
-          s = [] ; 
-          a = {pgn = Per3 Masc Sg ; isPron = False} 
-          }; --or anything!
-        s2 = [];
-        pred = { s = \\_,_ => []};
-        isPred = False
-      };
-
-    
-    -- in verbal sentences, the verb agrees with the subject 
-    -- in Gender but not in number
-    verbalAgr : PerGenNum -> PerGenNum = \pgn ->
-      case pgn of {
-        Per3 g _ => Per3 g Sg;
-        _        => pgn
-      };
-
-    insertObj : NP -> VP -> VP = \np,vp ->
-      { s = vp.s;
-        obj = {s = np.s ! Acc ; a = np.a};
-        s2 = vp.s2;
-        pred = vp.pred;
-        isPred = vp.isPred
-      };
-
-    insertPred : {s : AAgr => Case => Str} -> VP -> VP = \p,vp ->
-      { s = vp.s;
-        obj = vp.obj;
-        s2 = vp.s2;
-        pred = p;
-        isPred = True
-      };
-
-    insertStr : Str -> VP -> VP = \str,vp ->
-      { s = vp.s;
-        obj = vp.obj;
-        s2 = str;
-        pred = vp.pred;
-        isPred = vp.isPred
-      };
-
-    kaan : {s : AAgr => Case => Str} -> VP = \xabar -> 
-      insertPred xabar (predV (v1hollow {f = "ك"; c = "و" ; l = "ن"} u) );
-
-  param
-
-    Size = One | Two | ThreeTen | Teen | NonTeen | Hundreds | None ;
-    DForm = unit | ten ;
-    CardOrd = NCard | NOrd ;
-
-  oper
-    --digits 1, 3 - 10: take the lemmas of the card ords & in masculine 
-    --form and calculates the whole table 
-
-    regNum : Str -> Str -> 
-      {s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender => State => Case => Str} = 
-      \xams,xAmis ->
-      let { xamsa = xams + "َة";
-            xAmisa = xAmis +  "َة"} in 
-      mkNum xamsa xAmis xAmisa;
-
-    mkNum : Str -> Str -> Str ->
-      {s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender => State => Case => Str} = 
-      \wAhid,awwal,Ula ->
-      let { wAhida = wAhid + "َة"} in
-      { s= table {
-          unit => table {
-            NCard => table {
-              Masc => \\s,c => (sing wAhid) ! s ! c ;
-              --all fem are first declension:
-              Fem => \\s,c => Al ! s + wAhida + dec1sg ! s ! c 
-              };
-            NOrd => table {
-              Masc => \\s,c => Al ! s + awwal + dec1sg ! s ! c;
-              Fem => \\s,c => (sing Ula) ! s ! c 
-              }
-            };
-          ten => table {
-            NCard => \\_,s,c => Al ! s + wAhid + m_pl ! Indef ! c;
-            NOrd => \\_,s,c => Al ! s + awwal + m_pl ! Indef ! c
-            }
-          }
-      };
-
-    num3_10 : Str -> Str -> { s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender 
-                                => State => Case => Str ; n : Size } =
-      \xams,xAmis ->
-      regNum xams xAmis ** { n = ThreeTen };
-
-    num2 : { s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender => State => Case => Str} =
-      { s = table {
-          unit => table {
-              NCard => table {
-                Masc => \\s,c => Al ! s + "ٱِثن" + dl ! s ! c ;
-                Fem => \\s,c => Al ! s + "ٱِثنَت" + dl ! s ! c 
-                };
-              NOrd => table {
-                Masc => \\s,c => Al ! s + "ثان" + dec2sg ! s ! c ;
-                Fem => \\s,c => Al ! s + "ثانِيَة" + dec1sg ! s ! c 
-                }
-            };
-          ten => \\_,_,s,c => Al ! s + "عِشر" + m_pl ! Indef ! c
-          }
-      };
-
-    num100 : State => Case => Str =
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + "مِٱَة" + dec1sg ! s ! c;
-
-    num200 : State => Case => Str =
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + "مِٱَة" + dl ! s ! c ;
-
-    num1000 : State => Case => Str =
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + "أَلف" + dec1sg ! s ! c;
-
-    num2000 : State => Case => Str =
-      \\s,c => Al ! s + "أَلف" + dl ! s ! c ;
-
-    teen : Gender => Str = 
-      table {
-        Masc => "عَشَرَ";
-        Fem  => "عَشرَةَ"
-      };
-
-    genPolarity : Gender => Gender =
-      table {
-        Masc => Fem;
-        Fem => Masc
-      };
-
-
-}