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| author | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
| commit | e89fdae2fa1626348d8025824a7469252fa85e42 (patch) | |
| tree | c7d46bbd0494043b4bd6f917a25a7687517d0547 /next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf | |
| parent | 3049b59b35b25381a7c6787444165c200d66e08b (diff) | |
next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib
Diffstat (limited to 'next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf')
| -rw-r--r-- | next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf | 517 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 517 deletions
diff --git a/next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf b/next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf deleted file mode 100644 index ce488ddee..000000000 --- a/next-lib/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,517 +0,0 @@ ---# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude - ---1 Danish Lexical Paradigms --- --- Aarne Ranta 2005 - 2006 --- --- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar --- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming --- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. --- --- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are --- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. --- --- The main difference with $MorphoDan.gf$ is that the types --- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover --- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather --- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. --- --- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: --- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all --- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an --- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. --- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a --- separate module [``IrregDan`` ../../danish/IrregDan.gf], --- which haves a list of irregular verbs. - -resource ParadigmsDan = - open - (Predef=Predef), - Prelude, - CommonScand, - ResDan, - MorphoDan, - CatDan in { - ---2 Parameters --- --- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. - -oper - Gender : Type ; - - utrum : Gender ; - neutrum : Gender ; - --- To abstract over number names, we define the following. - - Number : Type ; - - singular : Number ; - plural : Number ; - --- To abstract over case names, we define the following. - - Case : Type ; - - nominative : Case ; - genitive : Case ; - --- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings. - - mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; - noPrep : Prep ; -- empty string - ---2 Nouns - - mkN : overload { - --- The regular function takes the singular indefinite form --- and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic. --- The heuristic is that all nouns are $utrum$ with the --- plural ending "er" or "r". - - mkN : (bil : Str) -> N ; - --- Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable. - - mkN : (hus : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- This function takes the singular indefinite and definite forms; the --- gender is computed from the definite form. - - mkN : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ; - --- This function takes the singular indefinite and definite and the plural --- indefinite - - mkN : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ; - --- Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the --- last letter of the second form (if "n", then $utrum$, otherwise $neutrum$). - - mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N ; - } ; - - - - ---3 Compound nouns --- --- All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns, --- such as "fodbold". - - ---3 Relational nouns --- --- Relational nouns ("datter til x") need a preposition. - - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; - --- The most common preposition is "af", and the following is a --- shortcut for regular relational nouns with "af". - - regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ; - --- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to --- form other prepositions. --- --- Three-place relational nouns ("forbindelse fra x til y") --- need two prepositions. - - mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; - - ---3 Relational common noun phrases --- --- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a --- relational noun (e.g. "tidligere kone til"). However, $N2$ and --- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$ --- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this. - --- ---3 Proper names and noun phrases --- --- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows - - mkPN : overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; - mkPN : N -> PN ; - } ; - - ---2 Adjectives - --- The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending --- with "ig". Two, five, or at worst five forms are sometimes needed. - - mkA : overload { - mkA : (fin : Str) -> A ; - mkA : (fin,fint : Str) -> A ; - mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ; - mkA : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ; - --- If comparison is formed by "mer", "mest", as in general for --- long adjective, the following pattern is used: - - mkA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk - } ; - ---3 Two-place adjectives --- --- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument. - - mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; - - - ---2 Adverbs - --- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position --- after the verb. Some can be close to the verb like the negation --- "ikke" (e.g. "altid"). - - mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; - mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; - --- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed. - - mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; - - ---2 Verbs --- - - mkV : overload { - --- The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation. - - mkV : (snakke : Str) -> V ; - --- The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum. - - mkV : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ; - --- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregDan$. --- In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books. - - mkV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ; - --- The worst case needs six forms. - - mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ; - - ---3 Verbs with a particle. --- --- The particle, such as in "lukke op", is given as a string. - - mkV : V -> Str -> V ; - } ; - - - ---3 Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary --- --- By default, the auxiliary is "have". This function changes it to "være". - - vaereV : V -> V ; - - - - ---3 Deponent verbs --- --- Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. "undres", some as --- reflexive e.g. "forestille sig". - - depV : V -> V ; - reflV : V -> V ; - - ---3 Two-place verbs --- --- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object. --- (transitive verbs). Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the $V$. - - mkV2 : overload { - mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; - mkV2 : V -> V2 ; - mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; - } ; - - ---3 Three-place verbs --- --- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which --- the first one or both can be absent. - - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- snakke, med, om - dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- give,_,til - dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_ - ---3 Other complement patterns --- --- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, --- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives. - - mkV0 : V -> V0 ; - mkVS : V -> VS ; - mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; - mkVV : V -> VV ; - mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; - mkVA : V -> VA ; - mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ; - mkVQ : V -> VQ ; - mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; - - mkAS : A -> AS ; - mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; - mkAV : A -> AV ; - mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; - --- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$, --- and the second argument is given as an adverb.. --- $V0$ is just $V$. - - V0 : Type ; - AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; - ---. - ---2 Definitions of the paradigms --- --- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are --- hidden from the document. - - - Gender = MorphoDan.Gender ; - Number = MorphoDan.Number ; - Case = MorphoDan.Case ; - utrum = Utr ; - neutrum = Neutr ; - singular = Sg ; - plural = Pl ; - nominative = Nom ; - genitive = Gen ; - - Preposition : Type = Str ; -- obsolete - - mkPreposition : Str -> Prep ; -- obsolete - mkPreposition = mkPrep ; - - mkPrep p = {s = p ; lock_Prep = <>} ; - noPrep = mkPrep [] ; - - mk4N x y z u = mkSubstantive x y z u ** {g = extNGen y ; lock_N = <>} ; - - regN x = regGenN x Utr ; - - regGenN x g = case last x of { - "e" => case g of { - Utr => mk4N x (x + "n") (x + "r") (x + "rne") ; - Neutr => mk4N x (x + "t") (x + "r") (init x + "ene") - } ; - _ => case g of { - Utr => mk4N x (x + "en") (x + "er") (x + "erne") ; - Neutr => mk4N x (x + "et") (x + "") (x + "ene") - } - } ; - - - mk2N x y = case last y of { - "n" => mk3N x y (init y + "r") ; - _ => mk3N x y x - } ; - - mk3N x y z = let u = ifTok Str x z "ene" "ne" in mk4N x y z (z + u) ; - - mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s} ; - regN2 n g = mkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPreposition "av") ; - mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s} ; - - mk2PN n g = {s = \\c => mkCase c n ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ; - regPN n = mk2PN n utrum ; - nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ! Indef ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ; - --- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular --- genitive, you can use the worst-case function. - - makeNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ; - makeNP x y n g = - {s = table {NPPoss _ => x ; _ => y} ; a = agrP3 g n ; - lock_NP = <>} ; - - mk3A = mk3ADeg ; - mk2A a b = mk3A a b (a + "e") ; - regA a = (regADeg a) ** {lock_A = <>} ; - - mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ; - - mkADeg a b c d e = mkAdject a b c d e ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - - regADeg a = case Predef.dp 2 a of { - "sk" => aRask a ; - _ => case last a of { - "t" => aAbstrakt a ; - _ => aRod a - }} ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - - irregADeg a b c = mkAdject a (a + "t") (a + "e") b c ** - {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - mk3ADeg a b c = mkAdject a b c (c + "re") (c + "st") ** - {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - mk2ADeg a b = mkAdject a b (a + "e") (a + "ere") (a + "est") ** - {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - - compoundA adj = {s = adj.s ; isComp = True ; lock_A = <>} ; - - mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; - mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ; - mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ; - - mk6V a b c d e f = mkVerb6 a b c d e f ** - {part = [] ; vtype = VAct ; lock_V = <> ; isVaere = False} ; - - regV a = case last a of { - "e" => vHusk (init a) ; - _ => vBo a - } ** {part = [] ; vtype = VAct ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <>} ; - - mk2V a b = regVerb a b ** - {part = [] ; vtype = VAct ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <>} ; - - irregV = - \drikke,drakk,drukket -> - let - drikk = case last drikke of { - "e" => init drikke ; - _ => drikke - } ; - drikker = case last (init drikke) of { - "r" => init drikke ; - _ => drikke + "r" - } - in - mk6V drikke drikker (drikke + "s") drakk drukket (mkImper drikk) ; - - vaereV v = { - s = v.s ; - part = [] ; - vtype = v.vtype ; - isVaere = True ; - lock_V = <> - } ; - - partV v p = { - s = v.s ; - part = p ; - vtype = v.vtype ; - isVaere = v.isVaere ; - lock_V = <> - } ; - - depV v = { - s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VPass ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <> - } ; - reflV v = { - s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VRefl ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <> - } ; - - mk2V2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ; - dirV2 v = mk2V2 v (mkPrep []) ; - - mkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ; - dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ; - dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ; - - mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ; - mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ; - mkV2S v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ; - mkVV v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement "at" ; lock_VV = <>} ; - mkV2V v p t = mk2V2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement "at" ; lock_V2V = <>} ; - mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ; - mkV2A v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ; - mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ; - mkV2Q v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ; - - mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; - - V0 : Type = V ; - AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ; - A2V : Type = A2 ; - ---------------- - - mkN = overload { - mkN : Str -> N = regN ; - mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = regGenN ; - mkN : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N = mk2N ; - mkN : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N = mk3N ; - mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N = mk4N ; - } ; - - - regN : Str -> N ; - regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ; - mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ; - mk3N : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ; - mk4N : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N ; - - mkPN = overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ; -- masculine - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = mk2PN ; - mkPN : N -> PN = nounPN ; - } ; - - regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum - mk2PN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; - nounPN : N -> PN ; - - mkA = overload { - mkA : (fin : Str) -> A = regADeg ; - mkA : (fin,fint : Str) -> A = mk2ADeg ; - mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A = mk3ADeg ; - mkA : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A = mkADeg ; - mkA : A -> A = compoundA ; -- -/mer/mest norsk - } ; - - mk3A : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ; - regA : Str -> A ; - mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ; - mkADeg : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ; - regADeg : Str -> A ; - irregADeg : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; - mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ; - mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt : Str) -> A ; - compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk - - mkV = overload { - mkV : (snakke : Str) -> V = regV ; - mkV : (leve,levde : Str) -> V = mk2V ; - mkV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V = irregV ; - mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V = mk6V ; - mkV : V -> Str -> V = partV ; - } ; - - - regV : (snakke : Str) -> V ; - mk2V : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ; - irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ; - mk6V : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ; - partV : V -> Str -> V ; - - mkV2 = overload { - mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ; - mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ; - mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mk2V2 ; - } ; - - mk2V2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; - dirV2 : V -> V2 ; - -} ; |
