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| author | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
| commit | e89fdae2fa1626348d8025824a7469252fa85e42 (patch) | |
| tree | c7d46bbd0494043b4bd6f917a25a7687517d0547 /next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf | |
| parent | 3049b59b35b25381a7c6787444165c200d66e08b (diff) | |
next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib
Diffstat (limited to 'next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf')
| -rw-r--r-- | next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf | 446 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 446 deletions
diff --git a/next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf b/next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf deleted file mode 100644 index d20fc134b..000000000 --- a/next-lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,446 +0,0 @@ ---# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude - ---1 French Lexical Paradigms --- --- Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006 --- --- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar --- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming --- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. --- --- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are --- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. --- --- The main difference with $MorphoFre.gf$ is that the types --- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover --- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather --- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. --- --- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: --- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all --- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an --- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. --- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a --- separate module [``IrregFre`` ../../french/IrregFre.gf], --- which covers all irregularly inflected verbs. - -resource ParadigmsFre = - open - (Predef=Predef), - Prelude, - MorphoFre, - CatFre in { - - flags optimize=all ; - ---2 Parameters --- --- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. - -oper - Gender : Type ; - - masculine : Gender ; - feminine : Gender ; - --- To abstract over number names, we define the following. - - Number : Type ; - - singular : Number ; - plural : Number ; - --- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings --- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that --- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the --- 'dative' "à"). - - accusative : Prep ; - genitive : Prep ; - dative : Prep ; - - mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; - - ---2 Nouns - - mkN : overload { - --- The regular function uses heuristics to compute the --- plural and the gender from the singular. The plural --- heuristic currently --- covers the cases "pas-pas", "prix-prix", "nez-nez", --- "bijou-bijoux", "cheveu-cheveux", "plateau-plateaux", "cheval-chevaux". --- The gender heuristic is less reliable: it treats as feminine all --- nouns ending with "e" and "ion", all others as masculine. - - mkN : (cheval : Str) -> N ; - --- Adding gender information widens the scope of the regular pattern. - - mkN : (foie : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- In the worst case, both singular and plural forms and the gender are needed. - - mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - ---3 Compound nouns --- --- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but --- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "numéro de téléphone". --- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since --- they are frequent in lexica. - - mkN : N -> Str -> N - } ; - - - - ---3 Relational nouns --- --- Relational nouns ("fille de x") need a case and a preposition. - - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; - --- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "à", --- with the empty preposition. - - deN2 : N -> N2 ; - aN2 : N -> N2 ; - --- Three-place relational nouns ("la connection de x à y") need two prepositions. - - mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; - - ---3 Relational common noun phrases --- --- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a --- relational noun (e.g. "la vieille église de"). However, $N2$ and --- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$ --- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this. - --- ---3 Proper names and noun phrases --- --- Proper names need a string and a gender. If no gender is given, the --- feminine is used for strings ending with "e", the masculine for other strings. - - mkPN : overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN ; - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN - } ; - - - ---2 Adjectives - - mkA : overload { - --- For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the --- masculine singular. The heuristic takes into account certain --- deviant endings: "banal-banale-banaux", "chinois-chinoise-chinois", --- "heureux-heureuse-heureux", "italien-italienne", "jeune-jeune", --- "amer-amère", "carré- - -carrément", "joli- - -joliment". - - mkA : (cher : Str) -> A ; - --- Often just the feminine singular is deviant. - - mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A ; - --- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms. - - mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ; - --- If comparison forms are irregular (i.e. not formed by "plus", e.g. --- "bon-meilleur"), the positive and comparative can be given as separate --- adjectives. - - mkA : A -> A -> A - } ; - --- The functions create by default postfix adjectives. To switch --- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in --- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is --- provided. - - prefixA : A -> A ; - - ---3 Two-place adjectives --- --- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument. - - mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; - - ---2 Adverbs - --- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position --- after the verb. - - mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; - --- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "toujours"). - - mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; - --- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed. - - mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; - - ---2 Verbs --- --- Irregular verbs are given in the module $IrregFre$. --- If a verb should be missing in that list, the module --- $BeschFre$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle" book. --- --- Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive "er" or "ir", the --- latter with plural present indicative forms as "finissons". --- The regular verb function in the first conjugation recognizes --- these endings, as well as the variations among --- "aimer, céder, placer, peser, jeter, placer, manger, assiéger, payer". --- --- Sometimes, however, it is not predictable which variant of the "er" --- conjugation is to be selected. Then it is better to use the function --- that gives the third person singular present indicative and future --- (("il") "jette", "jettera") as second argument. - - mkV : overload { - mkV : (finir : Str) -> V ; - mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ; - --- The $IrregFre$ list gives some verbs as two-place. These verbs can be --- reused as one-place verbs. - - mkV : V2 -> V - } ; - --- The function $mkV$ gives the default compound auxiliary "avoir". --- To change it to "être", use the following function. - - etreV : V -> V ; - --- This function turns a verb into reflexive, which implies the auxiliary "être". - - reflV : V -> V ; - - ---3 Two-place verbs --- --- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object. --- (transitive verbs). - - mkV2 = overload { - mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ; - mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ; - mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2 - } ; - - ---3 Three-place verbs --- --- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which --- the first one or both can be absent. - - mkV3 : overload { - mkV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_ - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- placer,_,dans - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 -- parler, à, de - } ; - ---3 Other complement patterns --- --- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, --- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives. - - mkV0 : V -> V0 ; - mkVS : V -> VS ; - mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; - mkVV : V -> VV ; -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler" - deVV : V -> VV ; -- "j'essaie de parler" - aVV : V -> VV ; -- "j'arrive à parler" - mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; - mkVA : V -> VA ; - mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A ; - mkVQ : V -> VQ ; - mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; - - mkAS : A -> AS ; - mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; - mkAV : A -> Prep -> AV ; - mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ; - --- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$, --- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise --- $V0$ is just $V$. - - V0 : Type ; - AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; - ---. ---2 Definitions of the paradigms --- --- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are --- hidden from the document. - - - Gender = MorphoFre.Gender ; - Number = MorphoFre.Number ; - masculine = Masc ; - feminine = Fem ; - singular = Sg ; - plural = Pl ; - - Preposition = Compl ; - accusative = complAcc ** {lock_Prep = <>} ; - genitive = complGen ** {lock_Prep = <>} ; - dative = complDat ** {lock_Prep = <>} ; - mkPrep p = {s = p ; c = CPrep PNul ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ; - - --- obsolete - Preposition : Type ; - mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ; - mkPreposition = mkPrep ; - - regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ; - regN : Str -> N ; - mk2N : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - mk2N x y g = mkCNomIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ; - regN x = regGenN x g where { - g = case <x : Str> of { - _ + ("e" | "ion") => Fem ; - _ => Masc - } - } ; - regGenN x g = mkNomReg x g ** {lock_N = <>} ; - compN : N -> Str -> N ; - compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ; - - mkN = overload { - mkN : Str -> N = regN ; - mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = regGenN ; - mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk2N ; - mkN : N -> Str -> N = compN - } ; - - - mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ; - deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ; - aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ; - mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ; - - regPN x = mk2PN x g where { - g = case last x of { - "e" => feminine ; - _ => masculine - } - } ; - - mkPN = overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ; - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = \x,g -> {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ; - } ; - - mk4A a b c d = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a c b d).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ; - - mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ; - - mkA = overload { - mkA : Str -> A = regA ; - mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A = \sec,seche -> mk4A sec seche (sec + "s") (seche + "ment") ; - mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A = mk4A ; - mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg - }; - - prefixA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ; - - mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; - mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ; - mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ; - - regV x = let v = vvf (mkVerbReg x) in {s = v ; vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ; - reg3V x y z = let v = vvf (mkVerb3Reg x y z) in {s = v ; vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ; - etreV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ; - reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ; - - mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ; - dirV3 v p = mmkV3 v accusative p ; - dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ; - - mkV3 = overload { - mkV3 : V -> V3 = dirdirV3 ; -- donner,_,_ - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = dirV3 ; -- placer,_,sur - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = mmkV3 -- parler, à, de - } ; - - V0 : Type = V ; - AS, AV : Type = A ; - A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ; - - mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ; - mkVS v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ; ---- more moods - mkV2S v p = mmkV2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ; - mkVV v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ; - deVV v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ; - aVV v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ; - mkV2V v p q = mmkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2V = <>} ; - mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ; - mkV2A v p q = mmkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ; - mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ; - mkV2Q v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ; - - mkAS v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods - mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ; - mkAV v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ; - mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ; - ---------------------------- obsolete - - makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ; - makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np {s=x;g= g}).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ; - regPN : Str -> PN ; - mk2PN : Str -> Gender -> PN = \x,g -> {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ; - - mkADeg : A -> A -> A ; - compADeg : A -> A ; - - regA : Str -> A ; - mk4A : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ; - - prefA : A -> A ; - - mkADeg a b = - {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ; - compADeg a = - {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "plus" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; - isPre = a.isPre ; - lock_A = <>} ; - prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ; - - mkV = overload { - mkV : Str -> V = regV ; - mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V = reg3V ; - mkV : V2 -> V = v2V - } ; - - regV : Str -> V ; - reg3V : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ; - - mmkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; - mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ; - dirV2 : V -> V2 = \v -> mmkV2 v accusative ; - v2V : V2 -> V ; - v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ; - - mmkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- parler, à, de - dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- donner,_,à - dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_ - - -} ; |
