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| author | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
| commit | e89fdae2fa1626348d8025824a7469252fa85e42 (patch) | |
| tree | c7d46bbd0494043b4bd6f917a25a7687517d0547 /next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf | |
| parent | 3049b59b35b25381a7c6787444165c200d66e08b (diff) | |
next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib
Diffstat (limited to 'next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf')
| -rw-r--r-- | next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf | 653 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 653 deletions
diff --git a/next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf b/next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf deleted file mode 100644 index f414ef468..000000000 --- a/next-lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,653 +0,0 @@ ---# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude - ---1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms --- --- Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006 --- --- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar --- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming --- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. --- --- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are --- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. --- --- The main difference with $MorphoSwe.gf$ is that the types --- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover --- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather --- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. --- --- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: --- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all --- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an --- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. --- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a --- separate module [``IrregSwe`` ../../swedish/IrregSwe], --- which covers many irregular verbs. - - -resource ParadigmsSwe = - open - (Predef=Predef), - Prelude, - CommonScand, - ResSwe, - MorphoSwe, - CatSwe in { - ---2 Parameters --- --- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. - -oper - Gender : Type ; - - utrum : Gender ; - neutrum : Gender ; - --- To abstract over number names, we define the following. - - Number : Type ; - - singular : Number ; - plural : Number ; - --- To abstract over case names, we define the following. - - Case : Type ; - - nominative : Case ; - genitive : Case ; - --- Prepositions used in many-argument functions can be constructed from strings. - - mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; - noPrep : Prep ; -- empty string - - ---2 Nouns - --- The following overloaded paradigm takes care of all noun formation. - - mkN : overload { - --- The one-argument case takes the singular indefinite form and computes --- the other forms and the gender by a simple heuristic. The heuristic is currently --- to treat all words ending with "a" like "apa-apor", with "e" like "rike-riken", --- and otherwise like "bil-bilar". - - mkN : (apa : Str) -> N ; - --- The case with a string and gender makes it possible to treat --- "lik" (neutrum) and "pojke" (utrum). - - mkN : (lik : Str) -> Gender -> N ; - --- Giving two forms - the singular and plural indefinite - is sufficient for --- most nouns. The paradigm deals correctly with the vowel contractions in --- "nyckel - nycklar" such as "pojke - pojkar". - - mkN : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ; - --- In the worst case, four forms are needed. - - mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N - } ; - --- All the functions above work quite as well to form *compound nouns*, --- such as "fotboll". - - - ---3 Relational nouns --- --- Relational nouns ("kung av x") are nouns with a preposition. --- As a special case, we provide regular nouns (formed with one-argument $mkN$) --- with the preposition "av". - - mkN2 : overload { - mkN2 : Str -> N2 ; - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 - } ; - --- Three-place relational nouns ("förbindelse från x till y") --- need two prepositions. - - mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; - - ---3 Relational common noun phrases --- --- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a --- relational noun (e.g. "den före detta maken till"). However, $N2$ and --- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$ --- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this. - --- ---3 Proper names and noun phrases --- --- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings and --- have the default gender utrum. - - mkPN : overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN ; - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; - --- In the worst case, the genitive form is irregular. - - mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN - } ; - - ---2 Adjectives - --- Adjectives need one to seven forms. - - mkA : overload { - --- Most adjectives are formed simply by adding endings to a stem. - - mkA : (billig : Str) -> A ; - --- Some adjectives have a deviant neuter form. The following pattern --- also recognizes the neuter formation "galen-galet" and forms the --- proper plural and comparison forms "galna-galnare-galnast". - - mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ; - --- Umlaut in comparison forms is - - mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; - --- A few adjectives need 5 forms. - mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A ; - --- Hardly any other adjective than "liten" needs the full 7 forms. - - mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A - } ; - --- Comparison forms may be compound ("mera svensk" - "mest svensk"); --- this behaviour can be forced on any adjective. - - compoundA : A -> A ; - - - - ---3 Two-place adjectives --- --- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument. - - mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; - - ---2 Adverbs - --- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position --- after the verb. Some can be preverbal in subordinate position --- (e.g. "alltid"). - - mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; -- här - mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; -- alltid - --- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed. - - mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; - ---2 Verbs --- --- All verbs can be defined by the overloaded paradigm $mkV$. - - mkV : overload { - --- The 'regular verb' (= one-place) case is inspired by Lexin. It uses the --- present tense indicative form. The value is the first conjugation if the --- argument ends with "ar" ("tala" - "talar" - "talade" - "talat"), --- the second with "er" ("leka" - "leker" - "lekte" - "lekt", with the --- variations like in "gräva", "vända", "tyda", "hyra"), and --- the third in other cases ("bo" - "bor" - "bodde" - "bott"). --- It is also possible to give the infinite form to it; they are treated --- as if they were implicitly suffixed by "r". Moreover, deponent verbs --- are recognized from the final "s" ("hoppas"). - - mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V ; - --- Most irregular verbs need just the conventional three forms. - - mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V ; - --- In the worst case, six forms are given. - - mkV : (gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V ; - --- Particle verbs, such as "passa på", are formed by adding a string to a verb. - - mkV : V -> Str -> V - } ; - - ---3 Deponent verbs. --- --- Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. "hoppas", some as --- reflexive e.g. "ångra sig". Regular deponent verbs are also --- handled by $mkV$ and recognized from the ending "s". - - depV : V -> V ; - reflV : V -> V ; - - ---3 Two-place verbs --- --- Two-place verbs need a preposition, which default to the 'empty preposition' --- i.e. direct object. (transitive verbs). The simplest case is a regular --- verb (as in $mkV$) with a direct object. --- Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the $V$. - - mkV2 : overload { - mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; - mkV2 : V -> V2 ; - mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 - } ; - - ---3 Three-place verbs --- --- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which --- the first one or both can be absent. The simplest case is a regular --- verb (as in $mkV$) with no prepositions. - - mkV3 : overload { - mkV3 : Str -> V3 ; - mkV3 : V -> V3 ; - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 - } ; - ---3 Other complement patterns --- --- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, --- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives. - - mkV0 : V -> V0 ; - mkVS : V -> VS ; - mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; - mkVV : V -> VV ; - mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; - mkVA : V -> VA ; - mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ; - mkVQ : V -> VQ ; - mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; - - mkAS : A -> AS ; - mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; - mkAV : A -> AV ; - mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; - --- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$. --- $V0$ is just $V$. - - V0 : Type ; - AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; - ---. ---2 Definitions of the paradigms --- --- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are --- hidden from the document. - - Gender = ResSwe.Gender ; - Number = CommonScand.Number ; - Case = CommonScand.Case ; - utrum = Utr ; - neutrum = Neutr ; - singular = Sg ; - plural = Pl ; - nominative = Nom ; - genitive = Gen ; - - mkPrep p = {s = p ; lock_Prep = <>} ; - noPrep = mkPrep [] ; - - mkN = overload { - mkN : (apa : Str) -> N = regN ; - mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = regGenN ; - mkN : (nyckel, nycklar : Str) -> N = mk2N ; - mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N = mk4N - } ; - - mk4N : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N = \apa,apan,apor,aporna -> { - s = nounForms apa apan apor aporna ; - g = case last apan of { - "n" => Utr ; - _ => Neutr - } - } ** {lock_N = <>} ; - - regN : Str -> N = \bil -> regGenN bil g where { - g = case <bil : Str> of { - _ + "e" => Neutr ; - _ => Utr - } - } ; - - regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N = \bil, g -> case g of { - Utr => case bil of { - _ + "are" => decl5Noun bil ; - _ + "a" => decl1Noun bil ; - _ => decl2Noun bil - } ; - Neutr => case last bil of { - "e" => decl4Noun bil ; - _ => decl5Noun bil - } - } ** {lock_N = <>} ; - - mk1N : Str -> N = \bilarna -> case bilarna of { - ap + "orna" => decl1Noun (ap + "a") ; - bil + "arna" => decl2Noun bil ; - rad + "erna" => decl3Noun rad ; - rik + "ena" => decl4Noun (rik + "e") ; - husen => decl5Noun (Predef.tk 2 husen) - } ; - - mk2N : Str -> Str -> N = \bil,bilar -> - ifTok N bil bilar (decl5Noun bil) ( - case Predef.dp 2 bilar of { - "or" => case bil of { - _ + "a" => decl1Noun bil ; -- apa, apor - _ + "o" => mk4N bil (bil + "n") bilar (bilar + "na") ; -- ko,kor - _ => mk4N bil (bil + "en") bilar (bilar + "na") -- ros,rosor - } ; - "ar" => decl2Noun bil ; - "er" => case bil of { - _ + "or" => mk4N bil (bil + "n") bilar (bilar + "na") ; -- motor,motorn - _ => decl3gNoun bil bilar -- fot, fötter - } ; - "en" => decl4Noun bil ; -- rike, riken - _ => mk4N bil (bil + "et") bilar (bilar + "n") -- centrum, centra - }) ; - --- School declensions. - - decl1Noun : Str -> N = \apa -> - let ap = init apa in - mk4N apa (apa + "n") (ap + "or") (ap + "orna") ; - - decl2Noun : Str -> N = \bil -> - let - bb : Str * Str = case bil of { - br + ("o" | "u" | "ö" | "å") => <bil + "ar", bil + "n"> ; - pojk + "e" => <pojk + "ar", bil + "n"> ; - hi + "mme" + l@("l" | "r") => <hi + "m" + l + "ar",hi + "m" + l + "en"> ; - nyck + "e" + l@("l" | "r") => <nyck + l + "ar",bil + "n"> ; - sock + "e" + "n" => <sock + "nar", sock + "nen"> ; - _ => <bil + "ar", bil + "en"> - } ; - in mk4N bil bb.p2 bb.p1 (bb.p1 + "na") ; - - decl3Noun : Str -> N = \sak -> - case last sak of { - "e" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") (sak +"r") (sak + "rna") ; - "y" | "å" | "é" | "y" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") (sak +"er") (sak + "erna") ; - _ => mk4N sak (sak + "en") (sak + "er") (sak + "erna") - } ; - decl3gNoun : Str -> Str -> N = \sak,saker -> - case last sak of { - "e" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") saker (saker + "na") ; - "y" | "å" | "é" | "y" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") saker (saker + "na") ; - _ => mk4N sak (sak + "en") saker (saker + "na") - } ; - - decl4Noun : Str -> N = \rike -> - mk4N rike (rike + "t") (rike + "n") (rike + "na") ; - - decl5Noun : Str -> N = \lik -> - case lik of { - nu + "mme" + l@("l" | "r") => - mk4N lik (nu + "m" + l + "et") lik (nu + "m" + l + "en") ; - vad@(?+?+?+_) + "e" + l@("l" | "r") => - mk4N lik (vad + l + "et") lik (vad + l + "en") ; - _ + "are" => mk4N lik (lik + "n") lik (init lik + "na") ; -- kikare - _ => mk4N lik (lik + "et") lik (lik + "en") - } ; - - mkN2 = overload { - mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> mmkN2 (regN s) (mkPrep "av") ; - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2 - } ; - - mmkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; - regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ; - - - mmkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s} ; - regN2 n g = mmkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPrep "av") ; - mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** - {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s} ; - - mkPN = overload { - mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ; - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = regGenPN ; - mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN = \jesus,jesu,g -> - {s = table {Nom => jesus ; Gen => jesu} ; g = g ; lock_PN = <>} ; - } ; - - regPN n = regGenPN n utrum ; - regGenPN n g = {s = \\c => mkCase c n ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ; - nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ! Indef ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ; - makeNP x y n g = - {s = table {NPPoss _ => y ; _ => x} ; a = agrP3 g n ; p = P3 ; - lock_NP = <>} ; - - mkA = overload { - mkA : (billig : Str) -> A = regA ; - mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A = mk2A ; - mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A = irregA ; - mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A = - \liten,litet,lilla,mindre,minst -> - mk7A liten litet lilla lilla mindre minst (minst + "a") ; - mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A = mk7A - } ; - - - regA : Str -> A ; - mk2A : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ; - irregA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; - mk7A : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A ; - - mk7A a b c d e f g = mkAdjective a b c d e f g ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; - regA fin = - let - fint : Str = case fin of { - ru + "nd" => ru + "nt" ; - se + "dd" => se + "tt" ; - pla + "tt" => pla + "tt" ; - gla + "d" => gla + "tt" ; - _ => fin + "t" - } ; - fina : Str = case fin of { - unk@(? + ? + ? + _) + "e" + n@("l" | "n" | "r") => unk + n + "a" ; - _ => fin + "a" - } - in - mk3A fin fint fina ; - irregA ung yngre yngst = - mk7A ung (ung + "t") (ung + "a") (ung + "a") yngre yngst (yngst+"a") ; - - mk3A ljummen ljummet ljumma = - mk7A - ljummen ljummet ljumma ljumma - (ljumma + "re") (ljumma + "st") (ljumma + "ste") ; - mk2A vid vitt = case <vid,vitt> of { - <gal + "en", _ + "et"> => mk3A vid vitt (gal + "na") ; - _ => mk3A vid vitt (vid + "a") - } ; - - compoundA adj = {s = adj.s ; isComp = True ; lock_A = <>} ; - - mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ; - - mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; - mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ; - mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ; - - mkV = overload { - mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V = regV ; - mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V = irregV ; - mkV : (supa,super,sup,söp,supit,supen : Str) -> V = mk6V ; - mkV : V -> Str -> V = partV - } ; - - mk6V = \finna,finner,finn,fann,funnit,funnen -> - let - funn = ptPretForms funnen ; - funnet = funn ! Strong SgNeutr ! Nom ; - funna = funn ! Strong Plg ! Nom - in - mkVerb finna finner finn fann funnit funnen funnet funna ** - {part = [] ; vtype=VAct ; lock_V = <>} ; - - regV leker = case leker of { - lek + "a" => conj1 leker ; --- bw compat - lek + "ar" => conj1 (lek + "a") ; - lek + "er" => conj2 (lek + "a") ; - bo + "r" => conj3 bo ; - ret + "as" => depV (conj1 (ret + "a")) ; - n + ("os" | "ys" | "ås" | "ös") => depV (conj3 (init leker)) ; - ret + "s" => depV (conj2 (ret + "a")) ; - _ => conj3 leker - } ; - - mk2V leka lekte = case <leka,lekte> of { - <_, _ + "ade"> => conj1 leka ; - <_ + "a", _> => conj2 leka ; - _ => conj3 leka - } ; - --- school conjugations - - conj1 : Str -> V = \tala -> - mk6V tala (tala + "r") tala (tala +"de") (tala +"t") (tala +"d") ; - - conj2 : Str -> V = \leka -> - let lek = init leka in - case last lek of { - "l" | "m" | "n" | "v" | "g" => - let gom = case <lek : Tok> of { - _ + "mm" => init lek ; - _ => lek - } - in mk6V leka (lek + "er") gom (gom +"de") (gom +"t") (gom +"d") ; - "r" => - mk6V leka lek lek (lek +"de") (lek +"t") (lek +"d") ; - _ => case lek of { - _ + "nd" => - mk6V leka (lek + "er") lek (lek +"e") (init lek +"t") lek ; - _ => - mk6V leka (lek + "er") lek (lek +"te") (lek +"t") (lek +"t") - } - } ; - - conj3 : Str -> V = \bo -> - mk6V bo (bo + "r") bo (bo +"dde") (bo +"tt") (bo +"dd") ; - - irregV = \sälja, sålde, sålt -> - let - säljer = case last sälja of { - "a" => conj2 sälja ; - _ => conj3 sälja - } ; - såld = case Predef.dp 2 sålt of { - "it" => Predef.tk 2 sålt + "en" ; - "tt" => Predef.tk 2 sålt + "dd" ; - _ => init sålt + "d" - } - in - mk6V sälja (säljer.s ! VF (VPres Act)) (säljer.s ! (VF (VImper Act))) sålde sålt såld - ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ; - - partV v p = {s = v.s ; part = p ; vtype = v.vtype ; lock_V = <>} ; - depV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VPass ; lock_V = <>} ; - reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ; - - mkV2 = overload { - mkV2 : (läser : Str) -> V2 = \v -> dirV2 (regV v) ; - mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ; - mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2 - } ; - - - mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ; - dirV2 v = mmkV2 v noPrep ; - - mkV3 = overload { - mkV3 : Str -> V3 = \v -> dirdirV3 (regV v) ; - mkV3 : V -> V3 = dirdirV3 ; - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = dirV3 ; - mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = mmkV3 - } ; - - mmkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- tala, med, om - dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- ge, (acc),till - dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- ge, (dat), (acc) - - - mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ; - dirV3 v p = mmkV3 v noPrep p ; - dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ; - - mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ; - mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ; - mkVV v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_VV = <>} ; - mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ; - - mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ; - mkV2A v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ; - - V0 : Type = V ; --- V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ; - AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ; - A2V : Type = A2 ; - - mkV2S v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ; - mkV2V v p t = mmkV2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ; - mkV2Q v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ; - - mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; - mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; - -----------Obsolete - --- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular --- genitive, you can use the worst-case function. - - makeNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ; - - - - regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; - regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum - --- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank". - - nounPN : N -> PN ; - --- Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular. - - mk3A : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -> A ; - - mk6V : (supa,super,sup,söp,supit,supen : Str) -> V ; - regV : (talar : Str) -> V ; - mk2V : (leka,lekte : Str) -> V ; - irregV : (dricka, drack, druckit : Str) -> V ; - - partV : V -> Str -> V ; - - mmkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; - - dirV2 : V -> V2 ; - - -} ; |
