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| author | aarne <aarne@cs.chalmers.se> | 2008-12-18 14:21:28 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | aarne <aarne@cs.chalmers.se> | 2008-12-18 14:21:28 +0000 |
| commit | 9e341cc7f9020eda842c8ad0f1f57bf6326eb89d (patch) | |
| tree | 1c0e78a1c3790286a0fabf408ea15ee179f8749d /next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf | |
| parent | 98a4b6a8088273dfa55dfa1c3ea78e85cd9c7a8d (diff) | |
Hindi and Thai compile in 1.5
Diffstat (limited to 'next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf')
| -rw-r--r-- | next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf | 496 |
1 files changed, 496 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf b/next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0dc0d4d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/next-lib/src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf @@ -0,0 +1,496 @@ +----# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common +-- +----1 Thai Lexical Paradigms +---- +---- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005 +---- +---- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar +---- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming +---- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. +---- +---- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are +---- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. +---- +---- The main difference with $MorphoTha.gf$ is that the types +---- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover +---- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather +---- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. +---- +---- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: +---- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all +---- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an +---- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. +---- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a +---- separate module [``IrregTha`` ../../english/IrregTha.gf], +---- which covers irregular verbss. +-- +--resource ParadigmsTha = open +-- (Predef=Predef), +-- Prelude, +-- MorphoTha, +-- CatTha +-- in { +----2 Parameters +---- +---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. +-- +--oper +-- Gender : Type ; +-- +-- human : Gender ; +-- nonhuman : Gender ; +-- masculine : Gender ; +-- +---- To abstract over number names, we define the following. +-- +-- Number : Type ; +-- +-- singular : Number ; +-- plural : Number ; +-- +---- To abstract over case names, we define the following. +-- +-- Case : Type ; +-- +-- nominative : Case ; +-- genitive : Case ; +-- +---- Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection. +---- The resource category $Prep$ is used. +-- +-- +-- +----2 Nouns +-- +---- Nouns are constructed by the function $mkN$, which takes a varying +---- number of arguments. +-- +-- mkN : overload { +-- +---- Worst case: give all four forms. +-- +-- mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ; +-- +---- The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with +---- "s","sh","x","z" or "y": "kiss - kisses", "flash - flashes"; +---- "fly - flies" (but "toy - toys"), +-- +-- mkN : (flash : Str) -> N ; +-- +---- In practice the worst case is just: give singular and plural nominative. +-- +-- mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N ; +-- +---- All nouns created by the previous functions are marked as +---- $nonhuman$. If you want a $human$ noun, wrap it with the following +---- function: +-- +-- mkN : Gender -> N -> N ; +-- +----3 Compound nouns +---- +---- A compound noun is an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun, +---- such as "baby boom", "chief executive officer". +-- +-- mkN : Str -> N -> N +-- } ; +-- +-- +----3 Relational nouns +---- +---- Relational nouns ("daughter of x") need a preposition. +-- +-- mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; +-- +---- The most common preposition is "of", and the following is a +---- shortcut for regular relational nouns with "of". +-- +-- regN2 : Str -> N2 ; +-- +---- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to +---- form other prepositions. +---- +---- Three-place relational nouns ("the connection from x to y") need two prepositions. +-- +-- mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; +-- +-- +----3 Relational common noun phrases +---- +---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a +---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of"). +-- +-- cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ; +-- cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; +-- +---- +----3 Proper names and noun phrases +---- +---- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows +-- +-- regPN : Str -> PN ; +-- regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- John, John's +-- +---- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank". +-- +-- nounPN : N -> PN ; +-- +---- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular +---- genitive, you can use the worst-case function. +-- +-- mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ; +-- +----2 Adjectives +-- +---- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms: one for +---- the adjectival and one for the adverbial form ("free - freely") +-- +-- mkA : (free,freely : Str) -> A ; +-- +---- For regular adjectives, the adverbial form is derived. This holds +---- even for cases with the variation "happy - happily". +-- +-- regA : Str -> A ; +-- +----3 Two-place adjectives +---- +---- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument. +-- +-- mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; +-- +---- Comparison adjectives may two more forms. +-- +-- ADeg : Type ; +-- +-- mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ; +-- +---- The regular pattern recognizes two common variations: +---- "-e" ("rude" - "ruder" - "rudest") and +---- "-y" ("happy - happier - happiest - happily") +-- +-- regADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- long, longer, longest +-- +---- However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted, +---- but a separate pattern is used: +-- +-- duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest +-- +---- If comparison is formed by "more", "most", as in general for +---- long adjective, the following pattern is used: +-- +-- compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous +-- +---- From a given $ADeg$, it is possible to get back to $A$. +-- +-- adegA : ADeg -> A ; +-- +-- +----2 Adverbs +-- +---- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position +---- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always"). +-- +-- mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; +-- mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; +-- +---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed. +-- +-- mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; +-- +----2 Prepositions +---- +---- A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to +---- build $PP$s in the resource API, just requires a string. +-- +-- mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; +-- noPrep : Prep ; +-- +---- (These two functions are synonyms.) +-- +----2 Verbs +---- +---- Except for "be", the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and +---- the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the +---- past and present participles. +-- +-- mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ; +-- +---- The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last +---- character is "y" ("cry - cries" but "buy - buys") or "s", "sh", "x", "z" +---- ("fix - fixes", etc). +-- +-- regV : Str -> V ; +-- +---- The following variant duplicates the last letter in the forms like +---- "rip - ripped - ripping". +-- +-- regDuplV : Str -> V ; +-- +---- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularTha$. +---- In practice, it is enough to give three forms, +---- e.g. "drink - drank - drunk", with a variant indicating consonant +---- duplication in the present participle. +-- +-- irregV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ; +-- irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -> V ; +-- +-- +----3 Verbs with a particle. +---- +---- The particle, such as in "switch on", is given as a string. +-- +-- partV : V -> Str -> V ; +-- +----3 Reflexive verbs +---- +---- By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that. +-- +-- reflV : V -> V ; +-- +----3 Two-place verbs +---- +---- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object. +---- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$. +-- +-- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; +-- +-- dirV2 : V -> V2 ; +-- +----3 Three-place verbs +---- +---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which +---- the first one or both can be absent. +-- +-- mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- speak, with, about +-- dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- give,_,to +-- dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_ +-- +----3 Other complement patterns +---- +---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, +---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives. +-- +-- mkV0 : V -> V0 ; +-- mkVS : V -> VS ; +-- mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; +-- mkVV : V -> VV ; +-- mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; +-- mkVA : V -> VA ; +-- mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ; +-- mkVQ : V -> VQ ; +-- mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; +-- +-- mkAS : A -> AS ; +-- mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; +-- mkAV : A -> AV ; +-- mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; +-- +---- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated +---- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given +---- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$. +---- $V0$ is just $V$. +-- +-- V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ; +-- AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; +-- +----. +----2 Definitions of paradigms +---- +---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are +---- hidden from the document. +-- +-- Gender = MorphoTha.Gender ; +-- Number = MorphoTha.Number ; +-- Case = MorphoTha.Case ; +-- human = Masc ; +-- nonhuman = Neutr ; +-- masculine = Masc ; +-- feminine = Fem ; +-- singular = Sg ; +-- plural = Pl ; +-- nominative = Nom ; +-- genitive = Gen ; +-- +-- Preposition : Type = Str ; -- obsolete +-- +-- regN = \ray -> +-- let +-- ra = Predef.tk 1 ray ; +-- y = Predef.dp 1 ray ; +-- r = Predef.tk 2 ray ; +-- ay = Predef.dp 2 ray ; +-- rays = +-- case y of { +-- "y" => y2ie ray "s" ; +-- "s" => ray + "es" ; +-- "z" => ray + "es" ; +-- "x" => ray + "es" ; +-- _ => case ay of { +-- "sh" => ray + "es" ; +-- "ch" => ray + "es" ; +-- _ => ray + "s" +-- } +-- } +-- in +-- mk2N ray rays ; +-- +-- mk2N = \man,men -> +-- let mens = case last men of { +-- "s" => men + "'" ; +-- _ => men + "'s" +-- } +-- in +-- mk4N man men (man + "'s") mens ; +-- +-- mk4N = \man,men,man's,men's -> +-- mkNoun man man's men men's ** {g = Neutr ; lock_N = <>} ; +-- +-- genderN g man = {s = man.s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>} ; +-- +-- compoundN s n = {s = \\x,y => s ++ n.s ! x ! y ; g=n.g ; lock_N = <>} ; +-- +-- mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ; +-- regN2 n = mkN2 (regN n) (mkPrep "of") ; +-- mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ; +-- cnN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ; +-- cnN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ; +-- +-- regPN n = regGenPN n human ; +-- regGenPN n g = nameReg n g ** {lock_PN = <>} ; +-- nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ; +-- mkNP x y n g = {s = table {Gen => x ; _ => y} ; a = agrP3 n ; +-- lock_NP = <>} ; +-- +-- mkA a b = mkAdjective a a a b ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- regA a = regAdjective a ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- +-- mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ; +-- +-- ADeg = A ; ---- +-- +-- mkADeg a b c d = mkAdjective a b c d ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- +-- regADeg happy = +-- let +-- happ = init happy ; +-- y = last happy ; +-- happie = case y of { +-- "y" => happ + "ie" ; +-- "e" => happy ; +-- _ => happy + "e" +-- } ; +-- happily = case y of { +-- "y" => happ + "ily" ; +-- _ => happy + "ly" +-- } ; +-- in mkADeg happy (happie + "r") (happie + "st") happily ; +-- +-- duplADeg fat = +-- mkADeg fat +-- (fat + last fat + "er") (fat + last fat + "est") (fat + "ly") ; +-- +-- compoundADeg a = +-- let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit) +-- in mkADeg ad ("more" ++ ad) ("most" ++ ad) (a.s ! AAdv) ; +-- +-- adegA a = a ; +-- +-- mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; +-- mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ; +-- mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ; +-- +-- mkPrep p = ss p ** {lock_Prep = <>} ; +-- noPrep = mkPrep [] ; +-- +-- mkV a b c d e = mkVerb a b c d e ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ; +-- +-- regV cry = +-- let +-- cr = init cry ; +-- y = last cry ; +-- cries = (regN cry).s ! Pl ! Nom ; -- ! +-- crie = init cries ; +-- cried = case last crie of { +-- "e" => crie + "d" ; +-- _ => crie + "ed" +-- } ; +-- crying = case y of { +-- "e" => case last cr of { +-- "e" => cry + "ing" ; +-- _ => cr + "ing" +-- } ; +-- _ => cry + "ing" +-- } +-- in mkV cry cries cried cried crying ; +-- +-- regDuplV fit = +-- case last fit of { +-- ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") => +-- Predef.error (["final duplication makes no sense for"] ++ fit) ; +-- t => +-- let fitt = fit + t in +-- mkV fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing") +-- } ; +-- +-- irregV x y z = let reg = (regV x).s in +-- mkV x (reg ! VPres) y z (reg ! VPresPart) ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ; +-- +-- irregDuplV fit y z = +-- let +-- fitting = (regDuplV fit).s ! VPresPart +-- in +-- mkV fit (fit + "s") y z fitting ; +-- +-- partV v p = verbPart v p ** {lock_V = <>} ; +-- reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; isRefl = True} ; +-- +-- mkV2 v p = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ; +-- dirV2 v = mkV2 v noPrep ; +-- +-- mkV3 v p q = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ; +-- dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ; +-- dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ; +-- +-- mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ; +-- mkVV v = { +-- s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => variants {}} ; +-- isAux = False ; lock_VV = <> +-- } ; +-- mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ; +-- +-- V0 : Type = V ; +-- V2S, V2V, V2Q, V2A : Type = V2 ; +-- AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ; +-- A2V : Type = A2 ; +-- +-- mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ; +-- mkV2S v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2 = <>} ; +-- mkV2V v p t = mkV2 v p ** {s4 = t ; lock_V2 = <>} ; +-- mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ; +-- mkV2A v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ; +-- mkV2Q v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2 = <>} ; +-- +-- mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; +-- mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ; +-- +-- +---- pre-overload API and overload definitions +-- +-- mk4N : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ; +-- regN : Str -> N ; +-- mk2N : (man,men : Str) -> N ; +-- genderN : Gender -> N -> N ; +-- compoundN : Str -> N -> N ; +-- +-- mkN = overload { +-- mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N = mk4N ; +-- mkN : Str -> N = regN ; +-- mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N = mk2N ; +-- mkN : Gender -> N -> N = genderN ; +-- mkN : Str -> N -> N = compoundN +-- } ; +-- +-- +--} ; |
