changed names of resource-1.3; added a note on homepage on release

87 files changed, 2861 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/Calculator.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/Calculator.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65192e226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/Calculator.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+abstract Calculator = {
+
+  flags startcat = Prog ;
+
+  cat Prog ; Exp ; Var ;
+
+  fun
+    PEmpty : Prog ;
+    PInit  : Exp -> (Var -> Prog) -> Prog ;
+    PAss   : Var -> Exp  -> Prog  -> Prog ;
+
+    EPlus, EMinus, ETimes, EDiv : Exp -> Exp -> Exp ;
+
+    EInt : Int -> Exp ;
+    EVar : Var -> Exp ;
+
+    ex1 : Prog ;
+
+  def
+    ex1 = 
+      PInit (EPlus (EInt 2) (EInt 3)) (\x -> 
+        PInit (EPlus (EVar x) (EInt 1)) (\y -> 
+          PAss x (EPlus (EVar x) (ETimes (EInt 9) (EVar y))) PEmpty)) ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorC.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorC.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53eade357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorC.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorC of Calculator = open Prelude, Formal in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Var = SS ; 
+    Exp = TermPrec ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss ("int" ++ prog.$0 ++ "=" ++ top exp ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (vr.s ++ "=" ++ top exp ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infixl 0 "+" ;
+    EMinus = infixl 0 "-" ;
+    ETimes = infixl 1 "*" ;
+    EDiv   = infixl 1 "/" ;
+
+    EInt i = constant i.s ;
+    EVar x = constant x.s ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorE.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorE.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f432d371a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorE.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorE of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevar ; unlexer=unwords ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Exp, Var = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss ("initialize" ++ prog.$0 ++ "as" ++ exp.s ++ PAUSE ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss ("redefine" ++ vr.s ++ "as" ++ exp.s ++ PAUSE ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infix "plus" ;
+    EMinus = infix "minus" ;
+    ETimes = infix "times" ;
+    EDiv   = infix ["divided by"] ;
+
+    EInt i = i ;
+    EVar x = x ;
+
+  oper
+    infix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \op,x,y -> 
+      ss (x.s ++ op ++ y.s ++ PAUSE) ;
+    PAUSE = "PAUSE" ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorJ.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorJ.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68ff5342c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorJ.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorJ of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Exp, Var = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss (exp.s ++ ";" ++ "istore" ++ prog.$0 ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (exp.s ++ ";" ++ "istore" ++ vr.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = postfix "iadd" ;
+    EMinus = postfix "isub" ;
+    ETimes = postfix "imul" ;
+    EDiv   = postfix "idiv" ;
+
+    EInt = prefixSS "iconst" ;
+    EVar = prefixSS "iload" ;
+
+  oper
+    postfix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \op,x,y -> ss (x.s ++ ";" ++ y.s ++ ";" ++ op) ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorP.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorP.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57ac549c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorP.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorP of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Var = SS ; 
+    Exp = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PDecl exp prog = ss ("int" ++ prog.$0 ++ "=" ++ exp.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (vr.s ++ "=" ++ exp.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infix "+" ;
+    EMinus = infix "-" ;
+    ETimes = infix "*" ;
+    EDiv   = infix "/" ;
+
+    EInt i = i ;
+    EVar x = x ;
+
+  oper
+    infix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \f,x,y -> 
+      ss ("(" ++ x.s ++ f ++ y.s ++ ")") ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMath.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMath.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25bfe8846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMath.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+interface LexMath = open Syntax in {
+
+  oper
+    even_A  : A ;
+    odd_A   : A ;
+    prime_A : A ;
+
+} 
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..183fa520f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+instance LexMathEng of LexMath = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng in {
+
+  oper
+    even_A  = mkA "even" ;
+    odd_A   = mkA "odd" ;
+    prime_A = mkA "prime" ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathFre.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7407b410f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/LexMathFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+instance LexMathFre of LexMath = open SyntaxFre, ParadigmsFre in {
+
+  oper
+    even_A = mkA "pair" ;
+    odd_A = mkA "impair" ;
+    prime_A = mkA "premier" ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Makefile b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..119d5d0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+all:
+	gfc --make -haskell MathEng.gf MathFre.gf
+	ghc --make -o ./math TransferLoop.hs
+	strip math
+
+clean: 
+	rm -f *.gfo *.o *.hi
+
+distclean:
+	rm -f GSyntax.hs math Math.gfcc *.gfo *.o *.hi
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Math.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Math.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95f5d5d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Math.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+abstract Math = {
+
+  cat Answer ; Question ; Object ;
+
+  fun 
+    Even   : Object -> Question ;
+    Odd    : Object -> Question ;
+    Prime  : Object -> Question ;
+    Number : Int -> Object ;
+
+    Yes : Answer ;
+    No  : Answer ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac332fef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--# -path=.:present:prelude:mathematical
+
+concrete MathEng of Math = MathI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxEng), 
+  (Symbol = SymbolEng),
+  (LexMath = LexMathEng) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathFre.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..456db8084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--# -path=.:present:prelude:mathematical
+
+concrete MathFre of Math = MathI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFre), 
+  (Symbol = SymbolFre), 
+  (LexMath = LexMathFre) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aaac7b98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/MathI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+incomplete concrete MathI of Math = 
+  open Syntax, Symbol, LexMath in {
+
+  flags startcat = Question ; lexer = textlit ; unlexer = text ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Answer   = Text ;
+    Question = Text ;
+    Object   = NP ;
+
+  lin 
+    Even   = questAdj even_A ;
+    Odd    = questAdj odd_A ;
+    Prime  = questAdj prime_A ;
+    Number n = mkNP (IntPN n) ;
+
+    Yes = mkText yes_Phr ;
+    No  = mkText no_Phr ;
+
+  oper
+    questAdj : A -> NP -> Text = \adj,x -> mkText (mkQS (mkCl x adj)) ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferDef.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferDef.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8be39107d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferDef.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+module TransferDef where
+
+import GF.GFCC.API (Tree)
+import GSyntax
+
+transfer :: Tree -> Tree
+transfer = gf . answer . fg
+
+answer :: GQuestion -> GAnswer
+answer p = case p of
+  GOdd x   -> test odd x
+  GEven x  -> test even x
+  GPrime x -> test prime x
+
+value :: GObject -> Int
+value e = case e of
+  GNumber (GInt i) -> fromInteger i
+
+test :: (Int -> Bool) -> GObject -> GAnswer
+test f x = if f (value x) then GYes else GNo
+
+prime :: Int -> Bool
+prime x = elem x primes where
+  primes = sieve [2 .. x]
+  sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve [ n | n <- xs, n `mod` p > 0 ]
+  sieve [] = []
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferLoop.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferLoop.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..708578156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TransferLoop.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GF.GFCC.API
+import TransferDef (transfer)
+
+main :: IO () 
+main = do
+  gr <- file2grammar "Math.gfcc"
+  loop (translate transfer gr)
+
+loop :: (String -> String) -> IO ()
+loop trans = do 
+  s <- getLine
+  if s == "quit" then putStrLn "bye" else do  
+    putStrLn $ trans s
+    loop trans
+
+translate :: (Tree -> Tree) -> MultiGrammar -> String -> String
+translate tr gr = unlines . map transLine . lines where
+  transLine s = case parseAllLang gr "Question" s of
+    (lg,t:_):_ -> linearize gr lg (tr t)
+    _ -> "NO PARSE"
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Translator.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Translator.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c227420f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/Translator.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GF.Embed.EmbedAPI
+import System (getArgs)
+
+main :: IO () 
+main = do
+  file:_ <- getArgs
+  gr <- file2grammar file
+  interact (translate gr)
+
+translate :: MultiGrammar -> String -> String
+translate gr = unlines . map transLine . lines where
+  transLine s =
+    let (lang,tree:_):_ = parseAllLang gr (startCat gr) s
+    in unlines [linearize gr lg tree | lg <- languages gr, lg /= lang]      
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TranslatorLoop.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TranslatorLoop.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18b20146e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/TranslatorLoop.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GF.Embed.EmbedAPI
+import System (getArgs)
+
+main :: IO () 
+main = do
+  file:_ <- getArgs
+  gr <- file2grammar file
+  loop (translate gr)
+
+loop :: (String -> String) -> IO ()
+loop trans = do 
+  s <- getLine
+  if s == "quit" then putStrLn "bye" else do  
+    putStrLn $ trans s
+    loop trans
+
+translate :: MultiGrammar -> String -> String
+translate gr = unlines . map transLine . lines where
+  transLine s = case parseAllLang gr (startCat gr) s of
+    (lg,t:_):_ -> unlines [linearize gr l t | l <- languages gr, l /= lg]
+    _ -> "NO PARSE"
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/GSyntax.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/GSyntax.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28469e7da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/GSyntax.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+module GSyntax where
+
+import GF.Infra.Ident
+import GF.Grammar.Grammar
+import GF.Grammar.PrGrammar
+import GF.Grammar.Macros
+import GF.Data.Operations
+----------------------------------------------------
+-- automatic translation from GF to Haskell
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+class Gf a where gf :: a -> Trm
+class Fg a where fg :: Trm -> a
+
+newtype GString = GString String  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GString where
+  gf (GString s) = K s
+
+instance Fg GString where
+  fg t =
+    case termForm t of
+      Ok ([], K s ,[]) -> GString s
+      _ -> error ("no GString " ++ prt t)
+
+newtype GInt = GInt Integer  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GInt where
+  gf (GInt s) = EInt s
+
+instance Fg GInt where
+  fg t =
+    case termForm t of
+      Ok ([], EInt s ,[]) -> GInt s
+      _ -> error ("no GInt " ++ prt t)
+
+newtype GFloat = GFloat Double  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GFloat where
+  gf (GFloat s) = EFloat s
+
+instance Fg GFloat where
+  fg t =
+    case termForm t of
+      Ok ([], EFloat s ,[]) -> GFloat s
+      _ -> error ("no GFloat " ++ prt t)
+
+----------------------------------------------------
+-- below this line machine-generated
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+data GAnswer =
+   GYes 
+ | GNo 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GObject = GNumber GInt 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GQuestion =
+   GPrime GObject 
+ | GOdd GObject 
+ | GEven GObject 
+  deriving Show
+
+
+instance Gf GAnswer where
+ gf GYes = appqc "Math" "Yes" []
+ gf GNo = appqc "Math" "No" []
+
+instance Gf GObject where gf (GNumber x1) = appqc "Math" "Number" [gf x1]
+
+instance Gf GQuestion where
+ gf (GPrime x1) = appqc "Math" "Prime" [gf x1]
+ gf (GOdd x1) = appqc "Math" "Odd" [gf x1]
+ gf (GEven x1) = appqc "Math" "Even" [gf x1]
+
+
+instance Fg GAnswer where
+ fg t =
+  case termForm t of
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "Yes"),[]) -> GYes 
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "No"),[]) -> GNo 
+    _ -> error ("no Answer " ++ prt t)
+
+instance Fg GObject where
+ fg t =
+  case termForm t of
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "Number"),[x1]) -> GNumber (fg x1)
+    _ -> error ("no Object " ++ prt t)
+
+instance Fg GQuestion where
+ fg t =
+  case termForm t of
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "Prime"),[x1]) -> GPrime (fg x1)
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "Odd"),[x1]) -> GOdd (fg x1)
+    Ok ([], Q (IC "Math") (IC "Even"),[x1]) -> GEven (fg x1)
+    _ -> error ("no Question " ++ prt t)
+
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/Run.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/Run.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3fd87466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/embedded/haskell/Run.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GSyntax
+import GF.Embed.EmbedAPI
+
+main :: IO () 
+main = do
+  gr <- file2grammar "math.gfcm"
+  loop gr
+
+loop :: MultiGrammar -> IO ()
+loop gr = do
+  s <- getLine
+  interpret gr s
+  loop gr
+
+interpret :: MultiGrammar -> String -> IO ()
+interpret gr s = do
+  let ltss = parseAllLang gr "Question" s
+  case ltss of
+    [] ->  putStrLn "no parse"
+    (l,t:_):_ -> putStrLn $ linearize gr l $ gf $ answer $ fg t
+
+answer :: GQuestion -> GAnswer
+answer p = case p of
+  GOdd x   -> test odd x
+  GEven x  -> test even x
+  GPrime x -> test prime x
+
+value :: GObject -> Int
+value e = case e of
+  GNumber (GInt i) -> fromInteger i
+
+test :: (Int -> Bool) -> GObject -> GAnswer
+test f x = if f (value x) then GYes else GNo
+
+prime :: Int -> Bool
+prime = (< 8) ----
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/food/Food.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/food/Food.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4efd5950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/food/Food.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+abstract Food = {
+
+  cat
+    Phrase ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ;
+
+  flags startcat = Phrase ;
+
+  fun
+    Is : Item -> Quality -> Phrase ;
+    This, That : Kind -> Item ;
+    QKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;
+    Wine, Cheese, Fish : Kind ;
+    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian, Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4f5907be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+concrete FoodEng of Food = {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Item, Kind, Quality = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "is" ++ quality.s} ;
+    This kind = {s = "this" ++ kind.s} ;
+    That kind = {s = "that" ++ kind.s} ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = quality.s ++ kind.s} ;
+    Wine = {s = "wine"} ;
+    Cheese = {s = "cheese"} ;
+    Fish = {s = "fish"} ;
+    Very quality = {s = "very" ++ quality.s} ;
+    Fresh = {s = "fresh"} ;
+    Warm = {s = "warm"} ;
+    Italian = {s = "Italian"} ;
+    Expensive = {s = "expensive"} ;
+    Delicious = {s = "delicious"} ;
+    Boring = {s = "boring"} ;
+
+}
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc59e1294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/food/FoodIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+concrete FoodIta of Food = {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Item, Kind, Quality = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "è" ++ quality.s} ;
+    This kind = {s = "questo" ++ kind.s} ;
+    That kind = {s = "quello" ++ kind.s} ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = kind.s ++ quality.s} ;
+    Wine = {s = "vino"} ;
+    Cheese = {s = "formaggio"} ;
+    Fish = {s = "pesce"} ;
+    Very quality = {s = "molto" ++ quality.s} ;
+    Fresh = {s = "fresco"} ;
+    Warm = {s = "caldo"} ;
+    Italian = {s = "italiano"} ;
+    Expensive = {s = "caro"} ;
+    Delicious = {s = "delizioso"} ;
+    Boring = {s = "noioso"} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/food/food.ebnf b/old-examples/tutorial/food/food.ebnf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d85739dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/food/food.ebnf
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Phrase  ::= 
+  ("this" | "that") Quality* ("wine" | "cheese" | "fish") "is" Quality ;
+Quality ::= 
+  ("very"* ("fresh" | "warm" | "boring" | "Italian" | "expensive")) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/foods/Foods.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/Foods.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35779a76d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/Foods.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+abstract Foods = {
+
+  flags startcat=Phrase ;
+
+  cat
+    Phrase ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ;
+
+  fun
+    Is : Item -> Quality -> Phrase ;
+    This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ;
+    QKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;
+    Wine, Cheese, Fish, Pizza : Kind ;
+    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian, Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69a427006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Quality = SS ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = ss (item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s) ;
+    This  = det Sg "this" ;
+    That  = det Sg "that" ;
+    These = det Pl "these" ;
+    Those = det Pl "those" ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+    Wine = regNoun "wine" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "cheese" ;
+    Fish = noun "fish" "fish" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "pizza" ;
+    Very = prefixSS "very" ;
+    Fresh = ss "fresh" ;
+    Warm = ss "warm" ;
+    Italian = ss "Italian" ;
+    Expensive = ss "expensive" ;
+    Delicious = ss "delicious" ;
+    Boring = ss "boring" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,d,cn -> {
+        s = d ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \man,men -> {s = table {
+        Sg => man ;
+        Pl => men 
+        }
+      } ;
+    regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \car -> noun car (car + "s") ;
+    copula : Number => Str = 
+      table {
+        Sg => "is" ;
+        Pl => "are"
+        } ;
+}
+    
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0099058d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/foods/FoodsIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase = SS ; 
+    Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = 
+      ss (item.s ++ copula item.n ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n) ;
+    This  = det Sg "questo" "questa" ;
+    That  = det Sg "quello" "quella" ;
+    These = det Pl "questi" "queste" ;
+    Those = det Pl "quelli" "quelle" ;
+    QKind quality kind = {
+      s = \\n => kind.s ! n ++ quality.s ! kind.g ! n ;
+      g = kind.g
+      } ;
+    Wine = noun "vino" "vini" Masc ;
+    Cheese = noun "formaggio" "formaggi" Masc ;
+    Fish = noun "pesce" "pesci" Masc ;
+    Pizza = noun "pizza" "pizze" Fem ;
+    Very qual = {s = \\g,n => "molto" ++ qual.s ! g ! n} ;
+    Fresh = adjective "fresco" "fresca" "freschi" "fresche" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "caldo" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "italiano" ;
+    Expensive = regAdj "caro" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "delizioso" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "noioso" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} -> 
+        {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,m,f,cn -> {
+        s = case cn.g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f} ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = 
+      \man,men,g -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => man ;
+          Pl => men 
+          } ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+    adjective : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = 
+      \nero,nera,neri,nere -> {
+        s = table {
+          Masc => table {
+            Sg => nero ;
+            Pl => neri
+            } ; 
+          Fem => table {
+            Sg => nera ;
+            Pl => nere
+            }
+          }
+      } ;
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \nero ->
+      let ner = init nero 
+      in adjective nero (ner + "a") (ner + "i") (ner + "e") ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = 
+      \n -> case n of {
+        Sg => "è" ;
+        Pl => "sono"
+        } ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/hello/Hello.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/Hello.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..769be5cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/Hello.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+abstract Hello = {
+
+  cat Greeting ; Recipient ;
+
+  flags startcat = Greeting ;
+
+  fun 
+    Hello : Recipient -> Greeting ;
+    World, Mum, Friends : Recipient ;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69efba6b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloEng of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "hello" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "world"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "mum"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "friends"} ;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloFin.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloFin.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..969142a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloFin.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloFin of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "terve" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "maailma"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "äiti"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "ystävät"} ;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1465a867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/HelloIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloIta of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "ciao" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "mondo"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "mamma"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "amici"} ;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/hello/hello.gfs b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/hello.gfs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..783919e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/hello/hello.gfs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import HelloEng.gf
+import HelloFin.gf
+import HelloIta.gf
+linearize -multi Hello World
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoods.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoods.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22b65a3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoods.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+abstract ExtFoods = Foods ** {
+
+  flags startcat=Move ;
+
+  cat
+    Move ;      -- declarative, question, or imperative
+    Verb ;      -- transitive verb
+    Guest ;     -- guest in restaurant
+    GuestKind ; -- type of guest
+
+  fun
+    MAssert : Phrase -> Move ;  -- This pizza is warm.
+    MDeny : Phrase -> Move ;    -- This pizza isn't warm.
+    MAsk : Phrase -> Move ;     -- Is this pizza warm?
+
+    PVerb : Guest -> Verb -> Item -> Phrase ;     -- we eat this pizza
+    PVerbWant : Guest -> Verb -> Item -> Phrase ; -- we want to eat this pizza
+
+    WhichVerb : Kind -> Guest -> Verb -> Move ; -- Which pizza do you eat?
+    WhichVerbWant : Kind -> Guest -> Verb -> Move ;
+                                        -- Which pizza do you want to eat?
+    WhichIs : Kind -> Quality -> Move ; -- Which wine is Italian? 
+
+    Do : Verb -> Item -> Move ;       -- Pay this wine!
+    DoPlease : Verb -> Item -> Move ; -- Pay this wine please!
+
+    I, You, We : Guest ;
+
+    GThis, GThat, GThese, GThose : GuestKind -> Guest ;
+    
+    Eat, Drink, Pay : Verb ;
+
+    Lady, Gentleman : GuestKind ;
+    
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70ba26b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsEng of ExtFoods = FoodsEni ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxEng),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsEng) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsFin.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsFin.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cf90dfa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsFin.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsFin of ExtFoods = FoodsFin ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxFin),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsFin) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsGer.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsGer.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62285e3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsGer.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsGer of ExtFoods = FoodsGer ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsGer) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..586f3e42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+incomplete concrete ExtFoodsI of ExtFoods = FoodsI ** open Syntax, LexFoods in {
+
+  flags lexer=text ; unlexer=text ;
+
+  lincat
+    Move = Text ;
+    Verb = V2 ;
+    Guest = NP ;
+    GuestKind = CN ;
+  lin
+    MAssert p = mkText (mkS p) ;
+    MDeny p = mkText (mkS negativePol p) ;
+    MAsk p = mkText (mkQS p) ;
+
+    PVerb = mkCl ;
+    PVerbWant guest verb item = mkCl guest want_VV (mkVP verb item) ;
+
+    WhichVerb kind guest verb = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) guest verb)) ;
+    WhichVerbWant kind guest verb = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) 
+        (mkClSlash guest want_VV verb))) ;
+    WhichIs kind quality = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) (mkVP quality))) ;
+
+    Do verb item = 
+      mkText 
+        (mkPhr (mkUtt politeImpForm (mkImp verb item))) exclMarkPunct ;
+    DoPlease verb item = 
+      mkText 
+        (mkPhr (mkUtt politeImpForm (mkImp verb item)) please_Voc) 
+        exclMarkPunct ;
+
+    I = mkNP i_Pron ;
+    You = mkNP youPol_Pron ;
+    We = mkNP we_Pron ;
+
+    GThis = mkNP this_QuantSg ;
+    GThat = mkNP that_QuantSg ;
+    GThese = mkNP these_QuantPl ;
+    GThose = mkNP those_QuantPl ;
+
+    Eat = eat_V2 ;
+    Drink = drink_V2 ;
+    Pay = pay_V2 ;
+    Lady = mkCN lady_N ;
+    Gentleman = mkCN gentleman_N ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90ae07f01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = open SyntaxEng,ParadigmsEng in {
+  lincat
+    Phrase = Cl ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Is item quality = mkCl item quality ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+    That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+    QKind quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Wine = mkCN (mkN "wine") ;
+    Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ;
+    Cheese = mkCN (mkN "cheese") ;
+    Fish = mkCN (mkN "fish" "fish") ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+    Fresh = mkAP (mkA "fresh") ;
+    Warm = mkAP (mkA "warm") ;
+    Italian = mkAP (mkA "Italian") ;
+    Expensive = mkAP (mkA "expensive") ;
+    Delicious = mkAP (mkA "delicious") ;
+    Boring = mkAP (mkA "boring") ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEni.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEni.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf1156ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEni.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEni of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxEng),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsEng) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFin.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFin.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c76ee4a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFin.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsFin of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFin),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsFin) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFre.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f10a60e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsFre of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFre),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsFre) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsGer.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsGer.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c5090ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsGer.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsGer of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsGer) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e19e3c6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+incomplete concrete FoodsI of Foods = open Syntax, LexFoods in {
+  lincat
+    Phrase = Cl ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Is item quality = mkCl item quality ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+    That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+    QKind quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N ;
+    Pizza = mkCN pizza_N ;
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ;
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ;
+    Fresh = mkAP fresh_A ;
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A ;
+    Italian = mkAP italian_A ;
+    Expensive = mkAP expensive_A ;
+    Delicious = mkAP delicious_A ;
+    Boring = mkAP boring_A ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7158d77f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxIta),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsIta) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoods.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoods.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..875427b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoods.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+interface LexFoods = open Syntax in {
+  oper
+    wine_N : N ;
+    pizza_N : N ;
+    cheese_N : N ;
+    fish_N : N ;
+    fresh_A : A ;
+    warm_A : A ;
+    italian_A : A ;
+    expensive_A : A ;
+    delicious_A : A ;
+    boring_A : A ;
+
+    eat_V2 : V2 ;
+    drink_V2 : V2 ;
+    pay_V2 : V2 ;
+    lady_N : N ;
+    gentleman_N : N ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01024b356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsEng of LexFoods = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng, IrregEng in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "cheese" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresh" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "Italian" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "expensive" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delicious" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "boring" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 eat_V ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 drink_V ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 pay_V ;
+    lady_N = mkN "lady" ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "gentleman" "gentlemen" ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFin.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFin.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..513c541b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFin.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsFin of LexFoods = open SyntaxFin, ParadigmsFin in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "viini" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "juusto" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "kala" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "tuore" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "lämmin" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italialainen" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "kallis" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "herkullinen" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "tylsä" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "syödä") partitive ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "juoda") partitive ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "maksaa") ;
+    lady_N = mkN "rouva" ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "herra" ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFre.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e7f72442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+instance LexFoodsFre of LexFoods = open SyntaxFre,ParadigmsFre in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vin" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" feminine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "fromage" masculine ;
+    fish_N = mkN "poisson" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "frais" "fraîche" "frais" "fraîches";
+    warm_A = mkA "chaud" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italien" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "cher" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "délicieux" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "ennuyeux" ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsGer.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsGer.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c5d94ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsGer.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsGer of LexFoods = open SyntaxGer, ParadigmsGer, IrregGer in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "Wein" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "Pizza" "Pizzen" feminine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käsen" masculine ;
+    fish_N = mkN "Fisch" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "frisch" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italienisch" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "teuer" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "köstlich" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "langweilig" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 essen_V ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 trinken_V ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "bezahlen") ;
+    lady_N = mkN "Frau" "Frauen" feminine ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "Herr" "Herren" masculine ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be120a24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+instance LexFoodsIta of LexFoods = open SyntaxIta, ParadigmsIta in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vino" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "formaggio" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "pesce" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresco" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "caldo" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italiano" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "caro" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delizioso" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "noioso" ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Answer.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Answer.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08a76c5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Answer.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GSyntax
+import AnswerBase
+import GF.GFCC.API
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  gr <- file2grammar "base.gfcc"
+  loop gr
+
+loop :: MultiGrammar -> IO ()
+loop gr = do
+  s <- getLine
+  case parse gr "BaseEng" "Question" s of
+    [] -> putStrLn "no parse"
+    ts -> mapM_ answer ts
+  loop gr
+ where
+   answer t = putStrLn $ linearize gr "BaseEng" $ gf $ question2answer $ fg t
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/AnswerBase.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/AnswerBase.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56e2b5451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/AnswerBase.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+module AnswerBase where
+
+import GSyntax
+
+-- interpretation of Base
+
+type Prop = Bool
+type Ent = Int
+domain = [0 .. 100]
+
+iS :: GS -> Prop
+iS s = case s of
+  GPredAP np ap -> iNP np (iAP ap)
+
+iNP :: GNP -> (Ent -> Prop) -> Prop
+iNP np p = case np of
+  GEvery cn -> all (\x -> not (iCN cn x) || p x) domain
+  GSome  cn -> any (\x ->      iCN cn x  && p x) domain
+  GNone     -> not (any (\x -> p x) domain)
+  GMany pns -> and (map p (iListPN pns))
+  GConjNP c np1 np2 -> iConj c (iNP np1 p) (iNP np2 p)
+  GUsePN a -> p (iPN a)
+
+iPN :: GPN -> Ent
+iPN pn = case pn of  
+  GUseInt i -> iInt i
+  GSum pns -> sum (iListPN pns)
+  GProduct pns -> product (iListPN pns)
+  GGCD pns -> foldl1 gcd (iListPN pns)
+
+iAP :: GAP -> Ent -> Prop
+iAP ap e = case ap of
+  GComplA2 a2 np    -> iNP np (iA2 a2 e)
+  GConjAP c ap1 ap2 -> iConj c (iAP ap1 e) (iAP ap2 e)
+  GEven  -> even e
+  GOdd   -> odd e
+  GPrime -> prime e
+
+iCN :: GCN -> Ent -> Prop
+iCN cn e = case cn of
+  GModCN ap cn0 -> (iCN cn0 e) && (iAP ap e)
+  GNumber -> True
+
+iConj :: GConj -> Prop -> Prop -> Prop
+iConj c = case c of
+  GAnd -> (&&)
+  GOr  -> (||)
+
+iA2 :: GA2 -> Ent -> Ent -> Prop
+iA2 a2 e1 e2 = case a2 of
+  GGreater -> e1 > e2
+  GSmaller -> e1 < e2 
+  GEqual   -> e1 == e2
+  GDivisible -> e2 /= 0 && mod e1 e2 == 0
+
+iListPN :: GListPN -> [Ent]
+iListPN gls = case gls of
+  GListPN pns -> map iPN pns
+
+iInt :: GInt -> Ent
+iInt gi = case gi of
+  GInt i -> fromInteger i
+
+-- questions and answers
+
+iQuestion :: GQuestion -> Either Bool [Ent]
+iQuestion q = case q of
+  GWhatIs pn      -> Right [iPN pn]  -- computes the value
+  GWhichAre cn ap -> Right [e | e <- domain, iCN cn e, iAP ap e]
+  GQuestS s       -> Left  (iS s)
+
+question2answer :: GQuestion -> GAnswer
+question2answer q = case iQuestion q of
+  Left True  -> GYes
+  Left False -> GNo
+  Right []   -> GValue GNone
+  Right [v]  -> GValue (GUsePN (ent2pn v))
+  Right vs   -> GValue (GMany (GListPN (map ent2pn vs)))
+
+ent2pn :: Ent -> GPN
+ent2pn e = GUseInt (GInt (toInteger e))
+
+
+-- auxiliary
+
+prime :: Int -> Bool
+prime x = elem x primes where
+  primes = sieve [2 .. x]
+  sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve [ n | n <- xs, n `mod` p > 0 ]
+  sieve [] = []
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Base.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Base.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4586c3106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Base.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+-- abstract syntax of a query language
+
+abstract Base = {
+
+cat
+  S ; 
+  NP ; 
+  PN ;
+  CN ; 
+  AP ; 
+  A2 ; 
+  Conj ;
+fun 
+
+-- sentence syntax
+  PredAP  : NP -> AP -> S ;
+
+  ComplA2 : A2 -> NP -> AP ;
+
+  ModCN   : AP -> CN -> CN ;
+
+  ConjAP  : Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP ;
+  ConjNP  : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ;
+
+  UsePN   : PN -> NP ;
+  Every   : CN -> NP ;
+  Some    : CN -> NP ;
+
+  And, Or : Conj ;  
+
+-- lexicon
+
+  UseInt  : Int -> PN ;
+
+  Number : CN ;
+  Even, Odd, Prime : AP ;
+  Equal, Greater, Smaller, Divisible  : A2 ;
+
+  Sum, Product, GCD : ListPN -> PN ;
+
+-- adding questions
+
+cat
+  Question ;
+  Answer ;
+  ListPN ;
+fun
+  WhatIs   : PN -> Question ;
+  WhichAre : CN -> AP -> Question ;
+  QuestS   : S -> Question ;
+
+  Yes   : Answer ;
+  No    : Answer ;
+  Value : NP -> Answer ;
+
+  None  : NP ;
+  Many  : ListPN -> NP ;
+  BasePN : PN -> PN -> ListPN ;
+  ConsPN : PN -> ListPN -> ListPN ; 
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd79bc98c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete BaseEng of Base = open Prelude in {
+
+flags lexer=literals ; unlexer=text ;
+
+-- English concrete syntax; greatly simplified - just for demo purposes
+
+lin 
+  PredAP  = infixSS "is" ;
+
+  ComplA2 = cc2 ;
+
+  ModCN   = cc2 ;
+
+  ConjAP c = infixSS c.s ;
+  ConjNP c = infixSS c.s ;
+
+  UsePN a = a ;
+  Every = prefixSS "every" ;
+  Some  = prefixSS "some" ;
+
+  And = ss "and" ;
+  Or  = ss "or" ;
+
+  UseInt n = n ;
+
+  Number = ss "number" ;
+
+  Even   = ss "even" ;
+  Odd    = ss "odd" ;
+  Prime  = ss "prime" ;
+  Equal  = ss ("equal" ++ "to") ;
+  Greater = ss ("greater" ++ "than") ;
+  Smaller = ss ("smaller" ++ "than") ;
+  Divisible = ss ("divisible" ++ "by") ;
+ 
+  Sum     = prefixSS ["the sum of"] ;
+  Product = prefixSS ["the product of"] ;
+  GCD     = prefixSS ["the greatest common divisor of"] ;
+
+  WhatIs = prefixSS ["what is"] ;
+  WhichAre cn ap = ss ("which" ++ cn.s ++ "is" ++ ap.s) ; ---- are
+  QuestS s = s ; ---- inversion
+
+  Yes = ss "yes" ;
+  No = ss "no" ;
+
+  Value np = np ;
+  None = ss "none" ;
+  Many list = list ;
+
+  BasePN = infixSS "and" ;
+  ConsPN = infixSS "," ;
+  
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec967e443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+incomplete concrete BaseI of Base = 
+  open Syntax, (G = Grammar), Symbolic, LexBase in {
+
+flags lexer=literals ; unlexer=text ;
+
+lincat
+  Question = G.Phr ;
+  Answer = G.Phr ;
+  S  = G.Cl ;
+  NP = G.NP ;
+  PN = G.NP ;
+  CN = G.CN ;
+  AP = G.AP ;
+  A2 = G.A2 ;
+  Conj = G.Conj ;
+  ListPN = G.ListNP ;
+
+lin 
+  PredAP  = mkCl ;
+
+  ComplA2 = mkAP ;
+
+  ModCN   = mkCN ;
+
+  ConjAP = mkAP ;
+  ConjNP = mkNP ;
+
+  UsePN p = p ;
+  Every = mkNP every_Det ;
+  Some  = mkNP someSg_Det ;
+
+  And = and_Conj ;
+  Or  = or_Conj ;
+
+  UseInt i = symb i ;
+
+  Number = mkCN number_N ;
+
+  Even = mkAP even_A ;
+  Odd  = mkAP odd_A ;
+  Prime = mkAP prime_A ;
+  Equal = equal_A2 ;
+  Greater = greater_A2 ;
+  Smaller = smaller_A2 ;
+  Divisible = divisible_A2 ;
+ 
+  Sum     = prefix sum_N2 ;
+  Product = prefix product_N2 ;
+  GCD nps = mkNP (mkDet (mkQuantSg defQuant) (mkOrd great_A)) 
+              (mkCN common_A (mkCN divisor_N2 (mkNP and_Conj nps))) ;
+
+  WhatIs np = mkPhr (mkQS (mkQCl whatSg_IP (mkVP np))) ;
+  WhichAre cn ap = mkPhr (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichPl_IDet cn) (mkVP ap))) ;
+  QuestS s = mkPhr (mkQS (mkQCl s)) ;
+
+  Yes = yes_Phr ;
+  No = no_Phr ;
+
+  Value np = mkPhr (mkUtt np) ;
+  Many list = mkNP and_Conj list ;
+  None  = none_NP ;
+
+  BasePN = G.BaseNP ;
+  ConsPN = G.ConsNP ;
+
+oper
+  prefix : G.N2 -> G.ListNP -> G.NP = \n2,nps -> 
+    mkNP defSgDet (mkCN n2 (mkNP and_Conj nps)) ;
+  
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseIEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseIEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a73bd44c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseIEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude:present:api:mathematical
+
+concrete BaseIEng of Base = BaseI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxEng), 
+  (Grammar = GrammarEng), 
+  (G = GrammarEng), 
+  (Symbolic = SymbolicEng), 
+  (LexBase = LexBaseEng) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseSwe.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6329c1c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/BaseSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude:present:api:mathematical
+
+concrete BaseSwe of Base = BaseI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxSwe), 
+  (Grammar = GrammarSwe), 
+  (G = GrammarSwe), 
+  (Symbolic = SymbolicSwe), 
+  (LexBase = LexBaseSwe) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Core.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Core.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..975cf827f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Core.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+abstract Core = {
+
+  cat
+    
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/GSyntax.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/GSyntax.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c67e40aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/GSyntax.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+module GSyntax where
+
+import GF.GFCC.DataGFCC
+import GF.GFCC.AbsGFCC
+----------------------------------------------------
+-- automatic translation from GF to Haskell
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+class Gf a where gf :: a -> Exp
+class Fg a where fg :: Exp -> a
+
+newtype GString = GString String  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GString where
+  gf (GString s) = DTr [] (AS s) []
+
+instance Fg GString where
+  fg t =
+    case t of
+      DTr [] (AS s) []  -> GString s
+      _ -> error ("no GString " ++ show t)
+
+newtype GInt = GInt Integer  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GInt where
+  gf (GInt s) = DTr [] (AI s) []
+
+instance Fg GInt where
+  fg t =
+    case t of
+      DTr [] (AI s) []  -> GInt s
+      _ -> error ("no GInt " ++ show t)
+
+newtype GFloat = GFloat Double  deriving Show
+
+instance Gf GFloat where
+  gf (GFloat s) = DTr [] (AF s) []
+
+instance Fg GFloat where
+  fg t =
+    case t of
+      DTr [] (AF s) []  -> GFloat s
+      _ -> error ("no GFloat " ++ show t)
+
+----------------------------------------------------
+-- below this line machine-generated
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+data GA2 =
+   GDivisible 
+ | GEqual 
+ | GGreater 
+ | GSmaller 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GAP =
+   GComplA2 GA2 GNP 
+ | GConjAP GConj GAP GAP 
+ | GEven 
+ | GOdd 
+ | GPrime 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GAnswer =
+   GNo 
+ | GValue GNP 
+ | GYes 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GCN =
+   GModCN GAP GCN 
+ | GNumber 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GConj =
+   GAnd 
+ | GOr 
+  deriving Show
+
+newtype GListPN = GListPN [GPN] deriving Show
+
+data GNP =
+   GConjNP GConj GNP GNP 
+ | GEvery GCN 
+ | GMany GListPN 
+ | GNone 
+ | GSome GCN 
+ | GUsePN GPN 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GPN =
+   GGCD GListPN 
+ | GProduct GListPN 
+ | GSum GListPN 
+ | GUseInt GInt 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GQuestion =
+   GQuestS GS 
+ | GWhatIs GPN 
+ | GWhichAre GCN GAP 
+  deriving Show
+
+data GS = GPredAP GNP GAP 
+  deriving Show
+
+
+instance Gf GA2 where
+ gf GDivisible = DTr [] (AC (CId "Divisible")) []
+ gf GEqual = DTr [] (AC (CId "Equal")) []
+ gf GGreater = DTr [] (AC (CId "Greater")) []
+ gf GSmaller = DTr [] (AC (CId "Smaller")) []
+
+instance Gf GAP where
+ gf (GComplA2 x1 x2) = DTr [] (AC (CId "ComplA2")) [gf x1, gf x2]
+ gf (GConjAP x1 x2 x3) = DTr [] (AC (CId "ConjAP")) [gf x1, gf x2, gf x3]
+ gf GEven = DTr [] (AC (CId "Even")) []
+ gf GOdd = DTr [] (AC (CId "Odd")) []
+ gf GPrime = DTr [] (AC (CId "Prime")) []
+
+instance Gf GAnswer where
+ gf GNo = DTr [] (AC (CId "No")) []
+ gf (GValue x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Value")) [gf x1]
+ gf GYes = DTr [] (AC (CId "Yes")) []
+
+instance Gf GCN where
+ gf (GModCN x1 x2) = DTr [] (AC (CId "ModCN")) [gf x1, gf x2]
+ gf GNumber = DTr [] (AC (CId "Number")) []
+
+instance Gf GConj where
+ gf GAnd = DTr [] (AC (CId "And")) []
+ gf GOr = DTr [] (AC (CId "Or")) []
+
+instance Gf GListPN where
+ gf (GListPN [x1,x2]) = DTr [] (AC (CId "BasePN")) [gf x1, gf x2]
+ gf (GListPN (x:xs)) = DTr [] (AC (CId "ConsPN")) [gf x, gf (GListPN xs)]
+
+instance Gf GNP where
+ gf (GConjNP x1 x2 x3) = DTr [] (AC (CId "ConjNP")) [gf x1, gf x2, gf x3]
+ gf (GEvery x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Every")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GMany x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Many")) [gf x1]
+ gf GNone = DTr [] (AC (CId "None")) []
+ gf (GSome x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Some")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GUsePN x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "UsePN")) [gf x1]
+
+instance Gf GPN where
+ gf (GGCD x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "GCD")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GProduct x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Product")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GSum x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "Sum")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GUseInt x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "UseInt")) [gf x1]
+
+instance Gf GQuestion where
+ gf (GQuestS x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "QuestS")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GWhatIs x1) = DTr [] (AC (CId "WhatIs")) [gf x1]
+ gf (GWhichAre x1 x2) = DTr [] (AC (CId "WhichAre")) [gf x1, gf x2]
+
+instance Gf GS where gf (GPredAP x1 x2) = DTr [] (AC (CId "PredAP")) [gf x1, gf x2]
+
+
+instance Fg GA2 where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Divisible")) [] -> GDivisible 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Equal")) [] -> GEqual 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Greater")) [] -> GGreater 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Smaller")) [] -> GSmaller 
+    _ -> error ("no A2 " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GAP where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "ComplA2")) [x1,x2] -> GComplA2 (fg x1) (fg x2)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "ConjAP")) [x1,x2,x3] -> GConjAP (fg x1) (fg x2) (fg x3)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Even")) [] -> GEven 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Odd")) [] -> GOdd 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Prime")) [] -> GPrime 
+    _ -> error ("no AP " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GAnswer where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "No")) [] -> GNo 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Value")) [x1] -> GValue (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Yes")) [] -> GYes 
+    _ -> error ("no Answer " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GCN where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "ModCN")) [x1,x2] -> GModCN (fg x1) (fg x2)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Number")) [] -> GNumber 
+    _ -> error ("no CN " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GConj where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "And")) [] -> GAnd 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Or")) [] -> GOr 
+    _ -> error ("no Conj " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GListPN where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "BasePN")) [x1,x2] -> GListPN [fg x1, fg x2]
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "ConsPN")) [x1,x2] -> let GListPN xs = fg x2 in GListPN (fg x1:xs)
+    _ -> error ("no ListPN " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GNP where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "ConjNP")) [x1,x2,x3] -> GConjNP (fg x1) (fg x2) (fg x3)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Every")) [x1] -> GEvery (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Many")) [x1] -> GMany (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "None")) [] -> GNone 
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Some")) [x1] -> GSome (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "UsePN")) [x1] -> GUsePN (fg x1)
+    _ -> error ("no NP " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GPN where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "GCD")) [x1] -> GGCD (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Product")) [x1] -> GProduct (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "Sum")) [x1] -> GSum (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "UseInt")) [x1] -> GUseInt (fg x1)
+    _ -> error ("no PN " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GQuestion where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "QuestS")) [x1] -> GQuestS (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "WhatIs")) [x1] -> GWhatIs (fg x1)
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "WhichAre")) [x1,x2] -> GWhichAre (fg x1) (fg x2)
+    _ -> error ("no Question " ++ show t)
+
+instance Fg GS where
+ fg t =
+  case t of
+    DTr [] (AC (CId "PredAP")) [x1,x2] -> GPredAP (fg x1) (fg x2)
+    _ -> error ("no S " ++ show t)
+
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBase.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBase.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83713a35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBase.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+interface LexBase = open Syntax in {
+
+oper
+  even_A : A ;
+  odd_A : A ;
+  prime_A : A ;
+  common_A : A ;
+  great_A : A ;
+  equal_A2 : A2 ;
+  greater_A2 : A2 ;
+  smaller_A2 : A2 ;
+  divisible_A2 : A2 ;
+  number_N : N ;
+  sum_N2 : N2 ;
+  product_N2 : N2 ;
+  divisor_N2 : N2 ;
+
+  none_NP : NP ; ---
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aea3a838b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexBaseEng of LexBase = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng in {
+
+oper
+  even_A = mkA "even" ;
+  odd_A = mkA "odd" ;
+  prime_A = mkA "prime" ;
+  great_A = mkA "great" ;
+  common_A = mkA "common" ;
+  equal_A2 = mkA2 (mkA "equal") (mkPrep "to") ;
+  greater_A2 = mkA2 (mkA "greater") (mkPrep "than") ; ---
+  smaller_A2 = mkA2 (mkA "smaller") (mkPrep "than") ; ---
+  divisible_A2 = mkA2 (mkA "divisible") (mkPrep "by") ;
+  number_N = mkN "number" ;
+  sum_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "sum") (mkPrep "of") ;
+  product_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "product") (mkPrep "of") ;
+  divisor_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "divisor") (mkPrep "of") ;
+
+  none_NP = mkNP (mkPN "none") ; ---
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseSwe.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ac1904aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/LexBaseSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+instance LexBaseSwe of LexBase = open SyntaxSwe, ParadigmsSwe in {
+
+oper
+  even_A = mkA "jämn" ;
+  odd_A = invarA "udda" ;
+  prime_A = mkA "prim" ;
+  great_A = mkA "stor" "större" "störst" ;
+  common_A = mkA "gemensam" ;
+  equal_A2 = mkA2 (invarA "lika") (mkPrep "med") ;
+  greater_A2 = mkA2 (invarA "större") (mkPrep "än") ; ---
+  smaller_A2 = mkA2 (invarA "mindre") (mkPrep "än") ; ---
+  divisible_A2 = mkA2 (mkA "delbar") (mkPrep "med") ;
+  number_N = mkN "tal" "tal" ;
+  sum_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "summa") (mkPrep "av") ;
+  product_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "produkt") (mkPrep "av") ;
+  divisor_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "delare") (mkPrep "av") ;
+
+  none_NP = mkNP (mkPN "inget" neutrum) ; ---
+
+  invarA : Str -> A = \x -> mkA x x x x x ; ---
+ 
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Logic.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Logic.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5c615da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Logic.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+module Logic where
+
+data Prop =
+    Pred Ident [Exp] 
+  | And Prop Prop
+  | Or  Prop Prop
+  | If  Prop Prop
+  | Not Prop
+  | All   Prop
+  | Exist Prop
+ deriving Show
+
+data Exp = 
+    App Ident [Exp]
+  | Var Int -- de Bruijn index
+ deriving Show
+
+type Ident = String
+
+data Model a = Model {
+  app  :: Ident -> [a] -> a,
+  prd  :: Ident -> [a] -> Bool,
+  dom  :: [a]
+  }
+
+type Assignment a = [a]
+
+update :: a -> Assignment a -> Assignment a
+update x assign = x : assign
+
+look :: Int -> Assignment a -> a
+look i assign = assign !! i
+
+valExp :: Model a -> Assignment a -> Exp -> a
+valExp model assign exp = case exp of
+  App f xs -> app model f (map (valExp model assign) xs)
+  Var i    -> look i assign
+
+valProp :: Model a -> Assignment a -> Prop -> Bool
+valProp model assign prop = case prop of
+  Pred f xs -> prd model f (map (valExp model assign) xs)
+  And  a b  -> v a && v b
+  Or   a b  -> v a || v b
+  If   a b  -> if v a then v b else True
+  Not  a    -> not (v a)
+  All   p   -> all (\x -> valProp model (update x assign) p) (dom model)
+  Exist p   -> any (\x -> valProp model (update x assign) p) (dom model)
+ where
+   v = valProp model assign
+
+liftProp :: Int -> Prop -> Prop
+liftProp i p = case p of
+  Pred f xs -> Pred f (map liftExp xs)
+  And a b   -> And (lift a) (lift b)
+  Or  a b   -> Or (lift a) (lift b)
+  If  a b   -> If (lift a) (lift b)
+  Not a     -> Not (lift a)
+  All p     -> All (liftProp (i+1) p)
+  Exist p   -> Exist (liftProp (i+1) p)
+ where
+   lift = liftProp i
+   liftExp e = case e of
+     App f xs -> App f (map liftExp xs)
+     Var j    -> Var (j + i)
+     _ -> e
+
+
+-- example: initial segments of integers
+
+intModel :: Int -> Model Int
+intModel mx = Model {
+  app = \f xs -> case (f,xs) of
+    ("+",_) -> sum xs
+    (_,[])  -> read f,
+  prd = \f xs -> case (f,xs) of
+    ("E",[x])   -> even x
+    ("<",[x,y]) -> x < y
+    ("=",[x,y]) -> x == y
+    _ -> error "undefined val",
+  dom = [0 .. mx]
+  }
+
+exModel = intModel 100
+
+ev x   = Pred "E" [x]
+lt x y = Pred "<" [x,y]
+eq x y = Pred "=" [x,y]
+int i = App (show i) []
+
+ex1 :: Prop
+ex1 = Exist (ev (Var 0))
+
+ex2 :: Prop
+ex2 = All (Exist (lt (Var 1) (Var 0)))
+
+ex3 :: Prop
+ex3 = All (If (lt (Var 0) (int 100)) (Exist (lt (Var 1) (Var 0))))
+
+ex4 :: Prop
+ex4 = All (All (If (lt (Var 1) (Var 0)) (Not (lt (Var 0) (Var 1)))))
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/SemBase.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/SemBase.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24073894b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/SemBase.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+module SemBase where
+
+import GSyntax
+import Logic
+
+-- translation of Base syntax to Logic
+
+iS :: GS -> Prop
+iS s = case s of
+  GPredAP np ap -> iNP np (iAP ap)
+  GConjS c s t  -> iConj c (iS s) (iS t)
+
+iNP :: GNP -> (Exp -> Prop) -> Prop
+iNP np p = case np of
+  GEvery cn -> All   (If  (iCN cn var) (liftProp 0 (p var))) ----
+  GSome  cn -> Exist (And (iCN cn var) (p var)) ----
+  GConjNP c np1 np2 -> iConj c (iNP np1 p) (iNP np2 p)
+  GUseInt (GInt i) -> p (int i)
+
+iAP :: GAP -> Exp -> Prop
+iAP ap e = case ap of
+  GComplA2 a2 np    -> iNP np (iA2 a2 e)
+  GConjAP c ap1 ap2 -> iConj c (iAP ap1 e) (iAP ap2 e)
+  GEven -> ev e
+  GOdd -> Not (ev e)
+
+iCN :: GCN -> Exp -> Prop
+iCN cn e = case cn of
+  GModCN ap cn0 -> And (iCN cn0 e) (iAP ap e)
+  GNumber -> eq e e
+
+iConj :: GConj -> Prop -> Prop -> Prop
+iConj c = case c of
+  GAnd -> And
+  GOr  -> Or
+
+iA2 :: GA2 -> Exp -> Exp -> Prop
+iA2 a2 e1 e2 = case a2 of
+  GGreater -> lt e2 e1
+  GSmaller -> lt e1 e2 
+  GEqual   -> eq e1 e2
+
+var = Var 0
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Top.hs b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Top.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6027b238c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/semantics/Top.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module Main where
+
+import GSyntax
+import SemBase
+import Logic
+import GF.GFCC.API
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  gr <- file2grammar "base.gfcc"
+  loop gr
+
+loop :: MultiGrammar -> IO ()
+loop gr = do
+  s <- getLine
+  let t:_ = parse gr "BaseEng" "S" s
+  putStrLn $ showTree t
+  let p = iS $ fg t
+  putStrLn $ show p
+  let v = valProp exModel [] p
+  putStrLn $ show v
+  loop gr
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/House.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/House.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e156792f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/House.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+abstract House = {
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+cat 
+  Utterance ; 
+  Command ; 
+  Question ; 
+  Kind ; 
+  Action Kind ; 
+  Device Kind ; 
+  Location ;
+
+fun
+  UCommand  : Command -> Utterance ;
+  UQuestion : Question -> Utterance ;
+
+  CAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Command ;
+  QAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Question ;
+
+  DKindOne  : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DKindMany : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DLoc  : (k : Kind) -> Device k -> Location -> Device k ;
+
+  light, fan : Kind ;
+
+  switchOn, switchOff : (k : Kind) -> Action k ;
+
+  dim : Action light ;
+
+  kitchen, livingRoom : Location ;
+  
+
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/HouseEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/HouseEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d36122c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/HouseEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete HouseEng of House = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  VForm = VImp | VPart ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = SS ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VImp ++ bothWays act.part dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act dev = ss (be dev.n ++ dev.s ++ act.s ! VPart ++ act.part) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "in" ++ "the" ++ loc.s ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "light" ;
+  fan = mkNoun "fan" ;
+
+  switchOn _ = mkVerb "switch" "switched" "on" ;
+  switchOff _ = mkVerb "switch" "switched" "off" ;
+
+  dim = mkVerb "dim" "dimmed" [] ;
+
+  kitchen = ss "kitchen" ;
+  livingRoom = ss ["living room"] ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = \dog -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      }
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} = \go,gone,away -> {
+    s = table {
+      VImp => go ;
+      VPart => gone
+      } ;
+    part = away
+    } ;
+
+  be : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+    Sg => "is" ;
+    Pl => "are"
+    } ;
+
+
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmart.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmart.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bbe7aa7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmart.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+interface LexSmart = open Syntax in {
+
+oper
+  dim_V2 : V2 ;
+  fan_N : N ;
+  kitchen_N : N ;
+  light_N : N ;
+  livingRoom_N : N ;
+  switchOff_V2 : V2 ;
+  switchOn_V2 : V2 ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmartSwe.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmartSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a9ea38ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/LexSmartSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+instance LexSmartSwe of LexSmart = open SyntaxSwe, ParadigmsSwe in {
+
+oper
+  dim_V2 = mkV2 "dämpa" ;
+  fan_N = mkN "fläkt" ;
+  kitchen_N = mkN "kök" neutrum ;
+  light_N = mkN "lampa" ;
+  livingRoom_N = mkN "vardagsrum" "vardagsrummet" "vardagsrum" "vardagsrummen" ;
+  switchOff_V2 = mkV2 "släcker" ;
+  switchOn_V2 = mkV2 "tänder" ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/Smart.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/Smart.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f88b40f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/Smart.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+abstract Smart = {
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+cat 
+  Utterance ; 
+  Command ; 
+  Question ; 
+  Kind ; 
+  Action Kind ; 
+  Device Kind ; 
+  Location ;
+
+  Switchable Kind ;
+  Dimmable Kind ;
+  Statelike (k : Kind) (Action k) ;
+
+fun
+  UCommand  : Command -> Utterance ;
+  UQuestion : Question -> Utterance ;
+
+  CAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Command ;
+  QAction : (k : Kind) -> (a : Action k) -> Statelike k a -> Device k -> Question ;
+
+  DKindOne  : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DKindMany : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DLoc  : (k : Kind) -> Device k -> Location -> Device k ;
+
+  light, fan : Kind ;
+
+  switchOn, switchOff : (k : Kind) -> Switchable k -> Action k ;
+
+  dim : (k : Kind) -> Dimmable k -> Action k ;
+
+  kitchen, livingRoom : Location ;
+
+-- proof objects
+
+  switchable_light : Switchable light ;
+  switchable_fan : Switchable fan ;
+  dimmable_light : Dimmable light ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn  : (k : Kind) -> (s : Switchable k) -> Statelike k (switchOn k s) ;
+  statelike_switchOff : (k : Kind) -> (s : Switchable k) -> Statelike k (switchOff k s) ;
+
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..384e50060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete Toy1Eng of Toy1 = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  VForm = VImp | VPart ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = SS ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VImp ++ bothWays act.part dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = ss (be dev.n ++ dev.s ++ act.s ! VPart ++ act.part ++ st.s) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "in" ++ "the" ++ loc.s ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "light" ;
+  fan = mkNoun "fan" ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = mkVerb "switch" "swithced" "on" ;
+  switchOff _ _ = mkVerb "switch" "swithced" "off" ;
+
+  dim _ _ = mkVerb "dim" "dimmed" [] ;
+
+  kitchen = ss "kitchen" ;
+  livingRoom = ss ["living room"] ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = \dog -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      }
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} = \go,gone,away -> {
+    s = table {
+      VImp => go ;
+      VPart => gone
+      } ;
+    part = away
+    } ;
+
+  be : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+    Sg => "is" ;
+    Pl => "are"
+    } ;
+
+  hidden : SS = ss [] ;
+lin
+  switchable_light = hidden ;
+  switchable_fan = hidden ;
+  dimmable_light = hidden ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = hidden ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = hidden ;
+
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartFre.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5d903519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete Toy1Fre of Toy1 = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+  VForm  = VInf | VPart Gender Number ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VInf ++ dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = 
+    ss (dev.s ++ est dev.g dev.n ++ act.s ! VPart dev.g dev.n ++ st.s) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = defArt k.g ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    g = k.g ;
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "les" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    g = k.g ;
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "dans" ++ defArt loc.g ++ loc.s ! Sg ;
+    g = dev.g ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "lampe" Fem ;
+  fan = mkNoun "ventilateur" Masc ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = mkVerb "allumer" "allumé" ;
+  switchOff _ _ = mkVerb "éteindre" "éteint" ;
+
+  dim _ _ = mkVerb "baisser" "baissé" ;
+
+  kitchen = mkNoun "cuisine" Fem ;
+  livingRoom = mkNoun "salon" Masc ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = \dog,g -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      } ;
+    g = g
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str} = \venir,venu -> {
+    s = table {
+      VInf => venir ;
+      VPart Masc Sg => venu ;
+      VPart Masc Pl => venu + "s" ;
+      VPart Fem  Sg => venu + "e" ;
+      VPart Fem  Pl => venu + "es"
+      }
+    } ;
+
+  est : Gender -> Number -> Str = \g,n -> case <g,n> of {
+    <Masc,Sg> => "est-il" ;
+    <Fem, Sg> => "est-elle" ;
+    <Masc,Pl> => "sont-ils" ;
+    <Fem, Pl> => "sont-elles"
+    } ;
+
+  defArt : Gender -> Str = \g -> case g of {Masc => "le" ; Fem => "la"} ;
+
+lin
+  switchable_light = ss [] ;
+  switchable_fan  = ss [] ;
+  dimmable_light  = ss [] ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = ss [] ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = ss [] ;
+
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b46ba0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+--# -path=.:present:prelude
+
+incomplete concrete SmartI of Smart = open Syntax, LexSmart, Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = Utt ;
+  Command = Imp ;
+  Question = QS ;
+  Kind = N ;
+  Action = V2 ;
+  Device = NP ;
+  Location = N ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = mkUtt politeImpForm c ;
+  UQuestion q = mkUtt q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = mkImp act dev ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = 
+    mkQS anteriorAnt (mkQCl (mkCl dev (passiveVP act))) ; ---- show empty proof
+
+  DKindOne k = mkNP defSgDet k ;
+  DKindMany k = mkNP defPlDet k ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = mkNP dev (mkAdv in_Prep (mkNP defSgDet loc)) ;
+
+  light = light_N ;
+  fan = fan_N ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = switchOn_V2 ;
+  switchOff _ _ = switchOff_V2 ;
+
+  dim _ _ = dim_V2 ;
+
+  kitchen = kitchen_N ;
+  livingRoom = livingRoom_N ;
+  
+lin
+  switchable_light = ss [] ;
+  switchable_fan  = ss [] ;
+  dimmable_light  = ss [] ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = ss [] ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = ss [] ;
+
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartSwe.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a537639d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/smart/SmartSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:alltenses:prelude
+
+concrete SmartSwe of Smart = SmartI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxSwe),
+  (LexSmart = LexSmartSwe) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb8c44610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxEng),
+    (Test = TestEng) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsI.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsI.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d67302235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsI.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+incomplete concrete FoodsI of Foods = open Syntax, Test in {
+  lincat
+    Phrase = S ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Is = mkS ;
+    This = mkNP this_Det ;
+    That = mkNP that_Det ;
+    These = mkNP these_Det ;
+    Those = mkNP those_Det ;
+    QKind = mkCN ;
+    Very = mkAP very_AdA ;
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N ;
+    Pizza = mkCN pizza_N ;
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ;
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ;
+    Fresh = mkAP fresh_A ;
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A ;
+    Italian = mkAP italian_A ;
+    Expensive = mkAP expensive_A ;
+    Delicious = mkAP delicious_A ;
+    Boring = mkAP boring_A ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57beab918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/FoodsIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxIta),
+    (Test = TestIta) ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Grammar.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Grammar.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c48e89a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Grammar.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+abstract Grammar = {
+
+  flags startcat=Phr ;
+
+  cat
+    Phr ;  -- any complete sentence e.g. "Is this pizza good?"
+    S ;    -- declarative sentence  e.g. "this pizza is good"
+    QS ;   -- question sentence     e.g. "is this pizza good"
+    Cl ;   -- declarative clause    e.g. "this pizza is good"
+    QCl ;  -- question clause       e.g. "is this pizza good"
+    NP ;   -- noun phrase           e.g. "this pizza"
+    IP ;   -- interrogative phrase  e.g  "which pizza"
+    CN ;   -- common noun phrase    e.g. "very good pizza"
+    Det ;  -- determiner            e.g. "this"
+    IDet ; -- interrog. determiner  e.g. "which"
+    AP ;   -- adjectival phrase     e.g. "very good"
+    Adv ;  -- adverb                e.g. "today"
+    AdA ;  -- adadjective           e.g. "very"
+    VP ;   -- verb phrase           e.g. "is good"
+    N ;    -- noun                  e.g. "pizza"
+    A ;    -- adjective             e.g. "good"
+    V ;    -- intransitive verb     e.g. "boil"
+    V2 ;   -- two-place verb        e.g. "eat"
+    Pol ;  -- polarity (pos or neg)           
+    Conj ; -- conjunction           e.g. "and"
+    Subj ; -- conjunction           e.g. "because"
+
+  fun
+    PhrS    : S  -> Phr ;
+    PhrQS   : QS -> Phr ;
+
+    UseCl   : Pol -> Cl -> S ;
+    UseQCl  : Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
+
+    QuestCl : Cl -> QCl ;
+
+    SubjS   : Subj -> S -> Adv ;
+
+    PredVP  : NP -> VP -> Cl ;
+
+    QuestVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ;
+    QuestV2 : IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl ;
+ 
+    ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
+    ComplAP : AP -> VP ;
+
+    DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;
+
+    ModCN   : AP  -> CN -> CN ;
+    AdVP    : Adv -> VP -> VP ;
+    AdAP    : AdA -> AP -> AP ;
+
+    IDetCN  : IDet -> CN -> IP ;
+
+    ConjS   : Conj -> S -> S -> S ;
+    ConjNP  : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ;
+
+  -- lexical insertion
+
+    UseN : N -> CN ;
+    UseA : A -> AP ;
+    UseV : V -> VP ;
+
+  -- entries of the closed lexicon
+
+    this_Det  : Det ;
+    that_Det  : Det ;
+    these_Det : Det ;
+    those_Det : Det ;
+    every_Det : Det ;
+    theSg_Det : Det ;
+    thePl_Det : Det ;
+    indef_Det : Det ;
+    plur_Det  : Det ;
+    two_Det   : Det ;
+    which_IDet : IDet ;
+    today_Adv  : Adv ;
+    very_AdA  : AdA ;
+    and_Conj  : Conj ;
+    because_Subj : Subj ;
+
+  -- polarities
+
+    PPos, PNeg : Pol ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b4c53a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarEng of Grammar = open Prelude, MorphoEng in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phr  = {s : Str} ;
+    S    = {s : Str} ;
+    QS   = {s : Str} ;
+    Cl   = {s : Order => Bool => Str} ;
+    QCl  = {s : Order => Bool => Str} ;
+    NP   = NounPhrase ;
+    IP   = NounPhrase ;
+    CN   = Noun ;
+    Det  = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IDet = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    AP   = {s : Str} ;
+    Adv  = {s : Str} ;
+    AdA  = {s : Str} ;
+    VP   = VerbPhrase ;
+    N    = Noun ;
+    A    = {s : Str} ;
+    V    = Verb ;
+    V2   = Verb2 ;
+    Conj = {s : Str} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Pol  = {s : Str ; p : Bool} ;
+
+  lin
+    PhrS  = postfixSS "." ;
+    PhrQS = postfixSS "?" ;
+
+    UseCl  pol cl  = {s = pol.s ++ cl.s  ! Dir ! pol.p} ;
+    UseQCl pol qcl = {s = pol.s ++ qcl.s ! Inv ! pol.p} ;
+
+    QuestCl cl = cl ;
+ 
+    SubjS subj s = {s = subj.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    PredVP = predVP ;
+
+    QuestVP ip vp = let cl = predVP ip vp in  {s = \\_ => cl.s ! Dir};
+
+    QuestV2 ip np v2 = {
+      s = \\ord,pol => 
+          let 
+            vp : VerbPhrase = predVerb v2
+          in 
+          bothWays (ip.s ++ (predVP np vp).s ! ord ! pol) v2.c
+    } ;
+
+    ComplV2 v np = insertObject (v.c ++ np.s) (predVerb v) ;
+
+    ComplAP ap = {
+      s = \\_,b,n => {
+        fin = copula b n ; 
+        inf = ap.s 
+      }
+    } ;
+
+    DetCN det cn = {s = det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ModCN ap cn  = {s = \\n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n} ;
+
+    AdVP adv = insertObject adv.s ;
+
+    AdAP ada ap = {s = ada.s ++ ap.s} ;
+
+    IDetCN det cn = {s = det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ConjS c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s} ;
+    ConjNP c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s ; n = Pl} ;
+
+    UseN n = n ;
+    UseA a = a ;
+    UseV = predVerb ;
+
+    this_Det = {s = "this" ; n = Sg} ;
+    that_Det = {s = "that" ; n = Sg} ;
+    these_Det = {s = "these" ; n = Pl} ;
+    those_Det = {s = "those" ; n = Pl} ;
+    every_Det = {s = "every" ; n = Sg} ;
+    theSg_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
+    thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
+    indef_Det = {s = artIndef ; n = Sg} ;
+    plur_Det = {s = [] ; n = Pl} ;
+    two_Det = {s = "two" ; n = Pl} ;
+    today_Adv = {s = "today"} ;
+    very_AdA = {s = "very"} ;
+    which_IDet = {s = "which" ; n = Sg} ;
+
+    and_Conj = {s = "and"} ;
+    because_Subj = {s = "because"} ;
+
+    PPos = {s = [] ; p = True} ;
+    PNeg = {s = [] ; p = False} ;
+
+  param
+    Order = Dir | Inv ;
+
+  oper
+    NounPhrase = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    VerbPhrase = {s : Order => Bool => Number => {fin,inf : Str}} ;
+
+    predVP : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> {s : Order => Bool => Str} = 
+      \np,vp -> {
+      s = \\q,p => 
+          let vps = vp.s ! q ! p ! np.n 
+          in case q of {
+            Dir => np.s ++ vps.fin ++ vps.inf ;
+            Inv => vps.fin ++ np.s ++ vps.inf
+            }
+    } ;
+
+    copula : Bool -> Number -> Str = \b,n -> case n of {
+      Sg => posneg b "is" ;
+      Pl => posneg b "are"
+      } ;
+
+    do : Bool -> Number -> Str = \b,n -> 
+      posneg b ((mkV "do").s ! n) ;
+
+    predVerb : Verb -> VerbPhrase = \verb -> {
+      s = \\q,b,n => 
+      let 
+        inf = verb.s ! Pl ;
+        fin = verb.s ! n ;
+        aux = do b n
+      in
+      case <q,b> of {
+        <Dir,True> => {fin = []  ; inf = fin} ;
+        _          => {fin = aux ; inf = inf}
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    insertObject : Str -> VerbPhrase -> VerbPhrase = 
+      \obj,vp -> {
+      s = \\q,b,n => let vps = vp.s ! q ! b! n in {
+        fin = vps.fin ;
+        inf = vps.inf ++ obj
+      }
+    } ;
+
+    posneg : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,do -> case b of {
+      True => do ;
+      False => do + "n't"
+      } ;
+
+    artIndef : Str = 
+      pre {"a" ; "an" / strs {"a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o"}} ;
+        
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04b112ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/GrammarIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarIta of Grammar = open Prelude, MorphoIta in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phr  = {s : Str} ;
+    S    = {s : Str} ;
+    QS   = {s : Str} ;
+    Cl   = Clause ;
+    QCl  = Clause ;
+    NP   = NounPhrase ;
+    IP   = NounPhrase ;
+    CN   = Noun ;
+    Det  = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IDet = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    AP   = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+    AdA  = {s : Str} ;
+    VP   = VerbPhrase ;
+    N    = Noun ;
+    A    = Adjective ;
+    V    = Verb ;
+    V2   = Verb2 ;
+    Conj = {s : Str} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Pol  = {s : Str ; p : Bool} ;
+
+  oper
+    Clause     : Type = {s : Bool => Str} ;
+    NounPhrase : Type = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+    VerbPhrase : Type = {s : Bool => Gender => Number => Str} ; 
+  lin
+    PhrS = postfixSS "." ;
+    PhrQS = postfixSS "?" ;
+
+    UseCl  pol cl  = {s = pol.s ++ cl.s  ! pol.p} ;
+    UseQCl pol qcl = {s = pol.s ++ qcl.s ! pol.p} ;
+
+    QuestCl cl = cl ;
+
+    SubjS subj s = {s = subj.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    PredVP  = predVP ;
+
+    QuestVP = predVP ;
+
+    QuestV2 ip np v2 = 
+      {s = \\b => v2.c ++ ip.s ++ posneg b ++ v2.s ! np.n ++ np.s} ;
+ 
+    ComplV2 v2 np = {s = \\b,_,n => posneg b ++ v2.s ! n ++ v2.c ++ np.s} ;
+    ComplAP ap    = {s = \\b,g,n => posneg b ++ copula n ++ ap.s ! g ! n} ;
+
+    DetCN  det cn = {s = det.s ! cn.g ++ cn.s ! det.n ; g = cn.g ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ModCN ap cn  = {s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ ap.s ! cn.g ! n ; g = cn.g} ;
+
+    AdVP adv vp  = {s = \\p,n,g => vp.s ! p ! n ! g ++ adv.s} ;
+    AdAP ada ap  = {s = \\n,g => ada.s ++ ap.s ! n ! g} ;
+
+    IDetCN det cn = {s = det.s ! cn.g ++ cn.s ! det.n ; g = cn.g ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ConjS c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s} ;
+    ConjNP c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s ; n = Pl ; g = conjGender a.g b.g} ;
+
+    UseN n = n ;
+    UseA a = a ;
+    UseV v = {s = \\b,_,n => posneg b ++ v.s ! n} ;
+
+    this_Det = mkDet Sg (regAdjective "questo") ;
+    that_Det = mkDet Sg (regAdjective "quello") ;
+    these_Det = mkDet Pl (regAdjective "questo") ;
+    those_Det = mkDet Pl (regAdjective "quello") ;
+    every_Det = {s = \\_ => "ogni" ; n = Sg} ;
+    theSg_Det = {s = artDef Sg ; n = Sg} ;
+    thePl_Det = {s = artDef Pl ; n = Pl} ;
+    indef_Det = {s = artIndef ; n = Sg} ;
+    plur_Det = {s = \\_ => [] ; n = Pl} ;
+    two_Det = {s = \\_ => "due" ; n = Pl} ;
+    today_Adv = {s = "oggi"} ;
+    very_AdA = {s = "molto"} ;
+    which_IDet   = {s = \\_ => "quale" ; n = Sg} ;
+    and_Conj = {s = "e"} ;
+    because_Subj = {s = "perché"} ;
+
+    PPos = {s = [] ; p = True} ;
+    PNeg = {s = [] ; p = False} ;
+
+  oper
+    predVP : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp -> 
+      {s = \\b => np.s ++ vp.s ! b ! np.g ! np.n} ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+      Sg => "è" ;
+      Pl => "sono"
+      } ;
+
+    posneg : Bool -> Str = \b -> case b of {
+      True => [] ;
+      False => "non"
+      } ;
+
+    mkDet : Number -> Adjective -> Det = \n,adj -> {
+      s = \\g => adj.s ! g ! n ;
+      n = n ;
+      lock_Det = <>
+      } ;
+
+    artDef : Number -> Gender => Str = \n -> case n of {
+      Sg => table {
+        Masc => pre {"il"  ; "lo" / sImpuro} ;
+        Fem  => "la"
+        } ;
+      Pl => table {
+        Masc => pre {"i"  ; "gli" / sImpuro ; "gli" / vowel} ;
+        Fem  => "le"
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    artIndef : Gender => Str = table {
+      Masc => pre {"un"  ; "uno" / sImpuro} ;
+      Fem  => pre {"una" ; "un'" / vowel}
+      } ;
+
+    conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \g,h -> case g of {
+      Masc => Masc ;
+      _ => h
+    } ;
+
+    sImpuro : Strs = strs {"sb" ; "sp" ; "sy" ; "z"} ;
+    vowel   : Strs = strs {"a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o" ; "u"} ;
+
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2255d0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+resource MorphoEng = open Prelude in {
+
+  -- the lexicon construction API
+
+    oper
+      mkN : overload {
+        mkN : (bus : Str) -> Noun ;
+        mkN : (man,men : Str) -> Noun ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkA : (warm : Str) -> Adjective ;
+
+      mkV : overload {
+        mkV : (kiss : Str) -> Verb ;
+        mkV : (do,does : Str) -> Verb ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkV2 : overload {
+        mkV2 : (love : Verb) -> Verb2 ;
+        mkV2 : (talk : Verb) -> (about : Str) -> Verb2 ;
+      } ;
+
+  -- grammar-internal definitions
+
+    param
+      Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+    oper
+      Noun, Verb : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+      Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
+      Verb2 : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
+
+      mkN = overload {
+        mkN : (bus : Str) -> Noun = \s -> mkNoun s (add_s s) ;
+        mkN : (man,men : Str) -> Noun = mkNoun ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkA : (warm : Str) -> Adjective = ss ;
+
+      mkV = overload {
+        mkV : (kiss : Str) -> Verb = \s -> mkVerb s (add_s s) ;
+        mkV : (do,does : Str) -> Verb = mkVerb ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkV2 = overload {
+        mkV2 : (love : Verb) -> Verb2 = \love -> love ** {c = []} ;
+        mkV2 : (talk : Verb) -> (about : Str) -> Verb2 = 
+          \talk,about -> talk ** {c = about} ;
+      } ;
+
+      add_s : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
+        _ + "oo"                           => w + "s" ;   -- bamboo
+        _ + ("s" | "z" | "x" | "sh" | "o") => w + "es" ;  -- bus, hero
+        _ + ("a" | "o" | "u" | "e") + "y"  => w + "s" ;   -- boy
+        x + "y"                            => x + "ies" ; -- fly
+        _                                  => w + "s"     -- car
+      } ;
+
+      mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \x,y -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => x ;
+          Pl => y
+          }
+        } ;
+
+      mkVerb : Str -> Str -> Verb = \x,y -> mkNoun y x ;
+  }
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bf4de1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/MorphoIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+  -- This is a simple Italian resource morphology for the GF tutorial.
+
+  resource MorphoIta = open Prelude in {
+
+  -- the lexicographer's API
+
+    oper
+      masculine, feminine : Gender ;
+
+  
+
+    param
+      Number = Sg | Pl ;
+      Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+    oper
+      Noun      : Type = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+      Adjective : Type = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- we will only use present indicative third person verb forms
+
+      Verb      : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- two-place verbs have a preposition
+
+      Verb2     : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
+
+  -- this function takes the gender and both singular and plural forms
+
+      mkNoun : Gender -> Str -> Str -> Noun = \g,vino,vini -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => vino ;
+          Pl => vini
+          } ;
+        g = g
+        } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the singular form
+
+     regNoun : Str -> Noun = \vino -> 
+       case vino of {
+         vin + c@("c" | "g") + "a" 
+           => mkNoun Fem  vino (vin + c + "he") ; -- banche
+         vin + "a"               
+           => mkNoun Fem  vino (vin + "e") ;      -- pizza
+         vin + c@("c" | "g") + "o"
+           => mkNoun Masc vino (vin + c + "hi") ; -- boschi 
+         vin + ("o" | "e") 
+           => mkNoun Masc vino (vin + "i") ;      -- vino, pane
+         _ => mkNoun Masc vino vino               -- tram
+         } ;
+
+  -- to make nouns such as "carne", "università" feminine
+
+     femNoun : Noun -> Noun = \mano -> {
+       s = mano.s ;
+       g = Fem
+       } ;
+
+  -- this takes both genders and numbers
+
+     mkAdjective : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Adjective = \nero,nera,neri,nere -> {
+       s = table {
+         Masc => (mkNoun Masc nero neri).s ;
+         Fem  => (mkNoun Fem  nera nere).s
+         } 
+       } ;
+
+  -- this takes the masculine singular form
+
+     regAdjective : Str -> Adjective = \nero ->
+       let ner = init nero in
+       case last nero of {
+         "o" => mkAdjective (ner + "o") (ner + "a") (ner + "i") (ner + "e") ;
+         "e" => mkAdjective (ner + "e") (ner + "e") (ner + "i") (ner + "i") ;
+         _   => mkAdjective nero nero nero nero
+         } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the singular and plural forms
+
+      mkVerb : Str -> Str -> Verb = \ama,amano -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => ama ;
+          Pl => amano
+          }
+        } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the infinitive form
+
+      regVerb : Str -> Verb = \amare -> 
+        let am = Predef.tk 3 amare in
+        case Predef.dp 3 amare of {
+          "ere" => mkVerb (am + "e")    (am + "ono") ;    -- premere
+          "ire" => mkVerb (am + "isce") (am + "iscono") ; -- finire
+          _     => mkVerb (am + "a")    (am + "ano")      -- amare
+        } ;
+
+  }
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Syntax.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Syntax.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31f3fc127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Syntax.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+interface Syntax = open Prelude, Grammar in {
+
+oper
+  mkPhr = overload {
+    mkPhr : S -> Phr 
+      = PhrS ;
+    mkPhr : QS -> Phr 
+      = PhrQS ;
+  } ;
+
+  mkS = overload {
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> VP -> S
+       = PredVP ;
+    mkS : NP -> VP -> S
+       = PredVP PPos ;
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> V2 -> NP -> S
+       = \p,np,v,o -> PredVP p np (ComplV2 v o) ;
+    mkS : NP -> V2 -> NP -> S
+       = \np,v,o -> PredVP PPos np (ComplV2 v o) ;
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> AP -> S
+       = \p,np,ap -> PredVP p np (ComplAP ap) ;
+    mkS : NP -> AP -> S
+       = \np,ap -> PredVP PPos np (ComplAP ap) ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkNP : Det -> CN -> NP 
+    = DetCN ;
+
+  mkCN = overload {
+    mkCN : AP -> CN -> CN 
+      = ModCN ;
+    mkCN : N -> CN 
+      = UseN ;
+  } ;
+
+  mkAP = overload {
+    mkAP : AdA -> AP -> AP 
+      = AdAP ;
+    mkAP : A -> AP 
+      = UseA ;
+  } ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72e3d599a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+instance SyntaxEng of Syntax = open Prelude, GrammarEng in {} ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76e231a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+instance SyntaxIta of Syntax = open Prelude, GrammarIta in {} ;
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Test.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Test.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3284d5246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/Test.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+abstract Test = Grammar ** {
+
+  fun
+    wine_N, cheese_N, fish_N, pizza_N, waiter_N, customer_N : N ;
+    fresh_A, warm_A, italian_A, expensive_A, delicious_A, boring_A : A ;
+    stink_V : V ;
+    eat_V2, love_V2, talk_V2 : V2 ;
+}
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestEng.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32491c000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+concrete TestEng of Test = GrammarEng ** open Prelude, MorphoEng in {
+
+  lin
+    wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "cheese" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    waiter_N = mkN "waiter" ;
+    customer_N = mkN "customer" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresh" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "Italian" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "expensive" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delicious" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "boring" ;
+    stink_V = mkV "stink" ;
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat") ;
+    love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
+    talk_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "talk") "about" ;
+}
+
diff --git a/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestIta.gf b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestIta.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e05cdcab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-examples/tutorial/syntax/TestIta.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+concrete TestIta of Test = GrammarIta ** open Prelude, MorphoIta in {
+
+  lin
+    wine_N = regNoun "vino" ;
+    cheese_N = regNoun "formaggio" ;
+    fish_N = regNoun "pesce" ;
+    pizza_N = regNoun "pizza" ;
+    waiter_N = regNoun "cameriere" ;
+    customer_N = regNoun "cliente" ;
+    fresh_A = regAdjective "fresco" ;
+    warm_A = regAdjective "caldo" ;
+    italian_A = regAdjective "italiano" ;
+    expensive_A = regAdjective "caro" ;
+    delicious_A = regAdjective "delizioso" ;
+    boring_A = regAdjective "noioso" ;
+    stink_V = regVerb "puzzare" ;
+    eat_V2 = regVerb "mangiare" ** {c = []} ;
+    love_V2 = regVerb "amare" ** {c = []} ;
+    talk_V2 = regVerb "parlare" ** {c = "di"} ;
+}
+