next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib

9 files changed, 507 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Coordination.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Coordination.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..499b45306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Coordination.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+resource Coordination = open Prelude in {
+
+param
+  ListSize = TwoElem | ManyElem ;
+
+oper 
+  ListX = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+
+  twoStr : (x,y : Str) -> ListX = \x,y -> 
+    {s1 = x ; s2 = y} ; 
+  consStr : Str -> ListX -> Str -> ListX = \comma,xs,x -> 
+    {s1 = xs.s1 ++ comma ++ xs.s2 ; s2 = x } ; 
+
+  twoSS : (_,_ : SS) -> ListX = \x,y -> 
+    twoStr x.s y.s ;
+  consSS : Str -> ListX -> SS -> ListX = \comma,xs,x -> 
+    consStr comma xs x.s ;
+
+  Conjunction : Type = SS ;
+  ConjunctionDistr : Type = {s1 : Str ; s2 : Str} ;
+
+  conjunctX : Conjunction -> ListX -> Str = \or,xs ->
+    xs.s1 ++ or.s ++ xs.s2 ;
+
+  conjunctDistrX : ConjunctionDistr -> ListX -> Str = \or,xs ->
+    or.s1 ++ xs.s1 ++ or.s2 ++ xs.s2 ;
+
+  conjunctSS : Conjunction -> ListX -> SS = \or,xs ->
+    ss (xs.s1 ++ or.s ++ xs.s2) ;
+
+  conjunctDistrSS : ConjunctionDistr -> ListX -> SS = \or,xs ->
+    ss (or.s1 ++ xs.s1 ++ or.s2 ++ xs.s2) ;
+
+  -- all this lifted to tables
+
+  ListTable : Type -> Type = \P -> {s1,s2 : P => Str} ; 
+
+  twoTable : (P : Type) -> (_,_ : {s : P => Str}) -> ListTable P = \_,x,y ->
+    {s1 = x.s ; s2 = y.s} ; 
+
+  consTable : (P : Type) -> Str -> ListTable P -> {s : P => Str} -> ListTable P = 
+    \P,c,xs,x ->
+    {s1 = table P {o => xs.s1 ! o ++ c ++ xs.s2 ! o} ; s2 = x.s} ; 
+
+  conjunctTable : (P : Type) -> Conjunction -> ListTable P -> {s : P => Str} = 
+    \P,or,xs ->
+    {s = table P {p => xs.s1 ! p ++ or.s ++ xs.s2 ! p}} ;
+
+  conjunctDistrTable : 
+    (P : Type) -> ConjunctionDistr -> ListTable P -> {s : P => Str} = \P,or,xs ->
+    {s = table P {p => or.s1++ xs.s1 ! p ++ or.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! p}} ;
+
+  -- ... and to two- and three-argument tables: how clumsy! ---
+
+  ListTable2 : Type -> Type -> Type = \P,Q -> 
+    {s1,s2 : P => Q => Str} ; 
+
+  twoTable2 : (P,Q : Type) -> (_,_ : {s : P => Q => Str}) -> ListTable2 P Q = 
+    \_,_,x,y ->
+    {s1 = x.s ; s2 = y.s} ; 
+
+  consTable2 : 
+    (P,Q : Type) -> Str -> ListTable2 P Q -> {s : P => Q => Str} -> ListTable2 P Q =
+     \P,Q,c,xs,x ->
+    {s1 = table P {p => table Q {q => xs.s1 ! p ! q ++ c ++ xs.s2 ! p! q}} ; 
+     s2 = x.s
+    } ; 
+
+  conjunctTable2 : 
+    (P,Q : Type) -> Conjunction -> ListTable2 P Q -> {s : P => Q => Str} = 
+    \P,Q,or,xs ->
+    {s = table P {p => table Q {q => xs.s1 ! p ! q ++ or.s ++ xs.s2 ! p ! q}}} ;
+
+  conjunctDistrTable2 : 
+    (P,Q : Type) -> ConjunctionDistr -> ListTable2 P Q -> {s : P => Q => Str} = 
+    \P,Q,or,xs ->
+    {s = 
+    table P {p => table Q {q => or.s1++ xs.s1 ! p ! q ++ or.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! p ! q}}} ;
+
+  ListTable3 : Type -> Type -> Type -> Type = \P,Q,R -> 
+    {s1,s2 : P => Q => R => Str} ; 
+
+  twoTable3 : (P,Q,R : Type) -> (_,_ : {s : P => Q => R => Str}) -> 
+              ListTable3 P Q R = 
+    \_,_,_,x,y ->
+    {s1 = x.s ; s2 = y.s} ; 
+
+  consTable3 : 
+    (P,Q,R : Type) -> Str -> ListTable3 P Q R -> {s : P => Q => R => Str} -> 
+         ListTable3 P Q R =
+     \P,Q,R,c,xs,x ->
+    {s1 = \\p,q,r => xs.s1 ! p ! q ! r ++ c ++ xs.s2 ! p ! q ! r ; 
+     s2 = x.s
+    } ; 
+
+  conjunctTable3 : 
+    (P,Q,R : Type) -> Conjunction -> ListTable3 P Q R -> {s : P => Q => R => Str} = 
+    \P,Q,R,or,xs ->
+    {s = \\p,q,r => xs.s1 ! p ! q ! r ++ or.s ++ xs.s2 ! p ! q ! r} ;
+
+  conjunctDistrTable3 : 
+    (P,Q,R : Type) -> ConjunctionDistr -> ListTable3 P Q R -> 
+       {s : P => Q => R => Str} = 
+    \P,Q,R,or,xs ->
+    {s = \\p,q,r => or.s1++ xs.s1 ! p ! q ! r ++ or.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! p ! q ! r} ;
+
+  comma = "," ;
+
+-- you can also do this to right-associative lists:
+
+  consrStr : Str -> Str -> ListX -> ListX = \comma,x,xs -> 
+    {s1 = x ++ comma ++ xs.s1 ; s2 = xs.s2 } ; 
+
+  consrSS : Str -> SS -> ListX -> ListX = \comma,x,xs -> 
+    consrStr comma x.s xs ;
+
+  consrTable : (P : Type) -> Str -> {s : P => Str} -> ListTable P -> ListTable P = 
+    \P,c,x,xs ->
+    {s1 = table P {o => x.s ! o ++ c ++ xs.s1 ! o} ; s2 = xs.s2} ; 
+
+  consrTable2 : (P,Q : Type) -> Str -> {s : P => Q => Str} -> 
+    ListTable2 P Q -> ListTable2 P Q = 
+    \P,Q,c,x,xs ->
+    {s1 = table P {p => table Q {q => x.s ! p ! q ++ c ++ xs.s1 ! p ! q}} ; 
+     s2 = xs.s2
+    } ; 
+
+
+} ;
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Formal.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Formal.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2aa33d9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Formal.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+resource Formal = open Prelude in {
+
+-- to replace the old library Precedence
+
+  oper
+    Prec : PType ;
+    TermPrec : Type = {s : Str ; p : Prec} ;
+
+    mkPrec : Prec -> Str -> TermPrec = \p,s -> 
+      {s = s ; p = p} ;
+
+    top : TermPrec -> Str = usePrec 0 ;
+
+    constant : Str -> TermPrec = mkPrec highest ;
+
+    infixl : Prec -> Str -> (_,_ : TermPrec) -> TermPrec = \p,f,x,y ->
+      mkPrec p (usePrec p x ++ f ++ usePrec (nextPrec p) y) ;
+    infixr : Prec -> Str -> (_,_ : TermPrec) -> TermPrec = \p,f,x,y ->
+      mkPrec p (usePrec (nextPrec p) x ++ f ++ usePrec p y) ;
+    infixn : Prec -> Str -> (_,_ : TermPrec) -> TermPrec = \p,f,x,y ->
+      mkPrec p (usePrec (nextPrec p) x ++ f ++ usePrec (nextPrec p) y) ;
+
+-- auxiliaries, should not be needed so much
+
+    usePrec : Prec -> TermPrec -> Str = \p,x ->
+      case lessPrec x.p p of {
+        True => parenth x.s ;
+        False => parenthOpt x.s
+      } ;
+
+    parenth : Str -> Str = \s -> "(" ++ s ++ ")" ;
+    parenthOpt : Str -> Str = \s -> variants {s ; "(" ++ s ++ ")"} ;
+
+--.
+-- low-level things: don't use
+
+    Prec : PType = Predef.Ints 4 ;
+
+    highest = 4 ;
+
+    lessPrec : Prec -> Prec -> Bool = \p,q ->
+      case <<p,q> : Prec * Prec> of {
+        <3,4> | <2,3> | <2,4> => True ;
+        <1,1> | <1,0> | <0,0> => False ;
+        <1,_> | <0,_>         => True ;
+        _ => False
+        } ;
+
+    nextPrec : Prec -> Prec = \p -> case <p : Prec> of {
+      4 => 4 ; 
+      n => Predef.plus n 1
+      } ;
+
+}
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/HTML.gf b/old-lib/prelude/HTML.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b469b582c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/HTML.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+resource HTML = open Prelude in {
+  oper
+    tag : Str -> Str = \t -> "<" + t + ">" ;
+    endtag : Str -> Str = \t -> tag ("/" + t) ;
+    intag : Str -> Str -> Str = \t,s -> tag t ++ s ++ endtag t ;
+    intagAttr : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str = 
+      \t,a,s -> ("<" + t) ++ (a + ">") ++ s ++ endtag t ;
+}
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Latex.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Latex.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fd2f9ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Latex.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+resource Latex = open Prelude in {
+  oper
+    command : Str -> Str = \c -> "\\" + c ;
+    fun1 : Str -> Str -> Str = \f,x -> "\\" + f + "{" ++ x ++ "}" ;    
+    fun2 : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str = 
+      \f,x,y -> "\\" + f + "{" ++ x ++ "}{" ++ y ++ "}" ;
+    begin : Str -> Str = \e -> "\\begin{" + e + "}" ;   
+    end : Str -> Str = \e -> "\\end{" + e + "}" ;
+    inEnv : Str -> Str -> Str = \e,s -> begin e ++ s ++ end e ;
+}
+    
+
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Precedence.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Precedence.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62775958c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Precedence.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+-- operations for precedence-dependent strings.
+-- five levels: 
+-- p4 (constants), p3 (applications), p2 (products), p1 (sums), p0 (arrows)
+
+resource Precedence = open Prelude in {
+
+param 
+Prec = p4 | p3 | p2 | p1 | p0 ;
+
+oper
+PrecTerm = Prec => Str ;
+
+oper 
+pss : PrecTerm -> {s : PrecTerm} = \s -> {s = s} ;
+
+
+-- change this if you want some other type of parentheses
+mkParenth : Str -> Str = \str -> "(" ++ str ++ ")" ;
+
+-- define ordering of precedences
+nextPrec : Prec => Prec =
+  table {p0 => p1 ; p1 => p2 ; p2 => p3 ; _ => p4} ;
+prevPrec : Prec => Prec =
+  table {p4 => p3 ; p3 => p2 ; p2 => p1 ; _ => p0} ;
+
+mkPrec : Str -> Prec => Prec => Str = \str ->
+  table {
+    p4 => table {                -- use the term of precedence p4...
+      _   => str} ;              -- ...always without parentheses
+    p3 => table {                -- use the term of precedence p3...
+      p4  => mkParenth str ;     -- ...in parentheses if p4 is required...
+      _   => str} ;              -- ...otherwise without parentheses
+    p2 => table {
+      p4  => mkParenth str ;
+      p3  => mkParenth str ;
+      _   => str} ;              
+    p1 => table {
+      p1  => str ;
+      p0  => str ;
+      _   => mkParenth str} ;
+    p0 => table {
+      p0  => str ;
+      _   => mkParenth str}
+        } ;
+
+-- make a string into a constant, of precedence p4
+mkConst : Str -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> 
+  mkPrec f ! p4 ;
+
+-- make a string into a 1/2/3 -place prefix operator, of precedence p3
+mkFun1 : Str -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \x ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (f ++ x ! p4) ! p3 ! k} ;
+mkFun2 : Str -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \x -> \y ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (f ++ x ! p4 ++ y ! p4) ! p3 ! k} ;
+mkFun3 : Str -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \x -> \y -> \z ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (f ++ x ! p4 ++ y ! p4 ++ z ! p4) ! p3 ! k} ;
+
+-- make a string into a non/left/right -associative infix operator, of precedence p
+mkInfix : Str -> Prec -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (x ! (nextPrec ! p) ++ f ++ y ! (nextPrec ! p)) ! p ! k} ;
+mkInfixL : Str -> Prec -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (x ! p ++ f ++ y ! (nextPrec ! p)) ! p ! k} ;
+mkInfixR : Str -> Prec -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm -> PrecTerm = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  table {k => mkPrec (x ! (nextPrec ! p) ++ f ++ y ! p) ! p ! k} ;
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- alternative:
+-- precedence as inherent feature
+
+oper TermWithPrec = {s : Str ; p : Prec} ;
+
+oper 
+mkpPrec : Str -> Prec -> TermWithPrec =
+  \f -> \p ->
+  {s = f ; p = p} ;
+
+usePrec : TermWithPrec -> Prec -> Str =
+  \x -> \p ->
+  mkPrec x.s ! x.p ! p ;
+
+-- make a string into a constant, of precedence p4
+mkpConst : Str -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> 
+  mkpPrec f p4 ;
+
+-- make a string into a 1/2/3 -place prefix operator, of precedence p3
+mkpFun1 : Str -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \x ->
+  mkpPrec (f ++ usePrec x p4) p3 ;
+
+mkpFun2 : Str -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \x -> \y ->
+  mkpPrec (f ++ usePrec x p4 ++ usePrec y p4) p3 ;
+
+mkpFun3 : Str -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \x -> \y -> \z ->
+  mkpPrec (f ++ usePrec x p4 ++ usePrec y p4 ++ usePrec z p4) p3 ;
+
+-- make a string a into non/left/right -associative infix operator, of precedence p
+mkpInfix : Str -> Prec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  mkpPrec (usePrec x (nextPrec ! p) ++ f ++ usePrec y (nextPrec ! p)) p ;
+mkpInfixL : Str -> Prec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  mkpPrec (usePrec x p ++ f ++ usePrec y (nextPrec ! p)) p ;
+mkpInfixR : Str -> Prec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec -> TermWithPrec = 
+  \f -> \p -> \x -> \y ->
+  mkpPrec (usePrec x (nextPrec ! p) ++ f ++ usePrec y p) p ;
+} ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Predef.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Predef.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8141ea8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Predef.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+--1 Predefined functions for concrete syntax
+
+-- The definitions of these constants are hard-coded in GF, and defined
+-- in [AppPredefined.hs ../src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs]. Applying
+-- them to run-time variables leads to compiler errors that are often
+-- only detected at the code generation time.
+
+resource Predef = {
+
+-- This type of booleans is for internal use only.
+
+  param PBool = PTrue | PFalse ;
+
+  oper Error : Type = variants {} ;          -- the empty type
+  oper Int   : Type = variants {} ;          -- the type of integers
+  oper Ints  : Int -> Type = variants {} ;   -- the type of integers from 0 to n
+
+  oper error  : Str        -> Error    = variants {} ; -- forms error message
+  oper length : Tok ->        Int      = variants {} ; -- length of string
+  oper drop   : Int -> Tok -> Tok      = variants {} ; -- drop prefix of length
+  oper take   : Int -> Tok -> Tok      = variants {} ; -- take prefix of length
+  oper tk     : Int -> Tok -> Tok      = variants {} ; -- drop suffix of length
+  oper dp     : Int -> Tok -> Tok      = variants {} ; -- take suffix of length
+  oper eqInt  : Int -> Int -> PBool    = variants {} ; -- test if equal integers
+  oper lessInt: Int -> Int -> PBool    = variants {} ; -- test order of integers
+  oper plus   : Int -> Int -> Int      = variants {} ; -- add integers
+  oper eqStr  : Tok -> Tok -> PBool    = variants {} ; -- test if equal strings
+  oper occur  : Tok -> Tok -> PBool    = variants {} ; -- test if occurs as substring
+  oper occurs : Tok -> Tok -> PBool    = variants {} ; -- test if any char occurs
+  oper show   : (P : Type) -> P -> Tok = variants {} ; -- convert param to string
+  oper read   : (P : Type) -> Tok -> P = variants {} ; -- convert string to param
+  oper toStr  : (L : Type) -> L -> Str = variants {} ; -- find the "first" string
+  oper mapStr : (L : Type) -> (Str -> Str) -> L -> L = variants {} ; 
+               -- map all strings in a data structure; experimental ---
+
+} ;
+
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/PredefAbs.gf b/old-lib/prelude/PredefAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a99961d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/PredefAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+abstract PredefAbs = {
+  cat Int ; String ; Float ; 
+} ;
+
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/PredefCnc.gf b/old-lib/prelude/PredefCnc.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f12b9b1f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/PredefCnc.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+concrete PredefCnc of PredefAbs = {
+  lincat 
+    Int, Float, String = {s : Str} ;
+} ;
diff --git a/old-lib/prelude/Prelude.gf b/old-lib/prelude/Prelude.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56545d051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old-lib/prelude/Prelude.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+--1 The GF Prelude
+
+-- This file defines some prelude facilities usable in all grammars.
+
+resource Prelude = open (Predef=Predef) in {
+
+oper
+
+--2 Strings, records, and tables
+
+  SS  : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  ss  : Str -> SS = \s -> {s = s} ;
+  ss2 : (_,_ : Str) -> SS = \x,y -> ss (x ++ y) ;
+  ss3 : (_,_ ,_: Str) -> SS = \x,y,z -> ss (x ++ y ++ z) ;
+
+  cc2 : (_,_ : SS) -> SS = \x,y -> ss (x.s ++ y.s) ;
+  cc3 : (_,_,_ : SS) -> SS = \x,y,z -> ss (x.s ++ y.s ++ z.s) ;
+
+  SS1 : Type -> Type = \P -> {s : P => Str} ;
+  ss1 : (A : Type) -> Str -> SS1 A = \A,s -> {s = table {_ => s}} ;
+
+  SP1 : Type -> Type = \P -> {s : Str ; p : P} ;
+  sp1 : (A : Type) -> Str -> A -> SP1 A = \_,s,a -> {s = s ; p = a} ;
+
+  constTable : (A,B : Type) -> B -> A => B = \_,_,b -> \\_ => b ;
+  constStr   : (A : Type) -> Str -> A => Str = \A -> constTable A Str ;
+
+-- Discontinuous constituents.
+
+  SD2 : Type = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+  sd2 : (_,_ : Str) -> SD2 = \x,y -> {s1 = x ; s2 = y} ;
+
+
+--2 Optional elements
+
+-- Missing form.
+
+  nonExist : Str = variants {} ;
+
+-- Optional string with preference on the string vs. empty.
+ 
+  optStr : Str -> Str = \s -> variants {s ; []} ;
+  strOpt : Str -> Str = \s -> variants {[] ; s} ;
+
+-- Free order between two strings.
+
+  bothWays : Str -> Str -> Str = \x,y -> variants {x ++ y ; y ++ x} ;
+
+-- Parametric order between two strings.
+
+  preOrPost : Bool -> Str -> Str -> Str = \pr,x,y -> 
+    if_then_Str pr (x ++ y) (y ++ x) ;
+
+--2 Infixes. prefixes, and postfixes
+
+-- Fixes with precedences are defined in [Precedence Precedence.html].
+
+  infixSS   : Str  -> SS -> SS -> SS = \f,x,y -> ss (x.s ++ f ++ y.s) ;
+  prefixSS  : Str        -> SS -> SS = \f,x   -> ss (f ++ x.s) ;
+  postfixSS : Str        -> SS -> SS = \f,x   -> ss (x.s ++ f) ;
+  embedSS   : Str -> Str -> SS -> SS = \f,g,x -> ss (f ++ x.s ++ g) ;
+
+
+--2 Booleans
+
+ param Bool = True | False ;
+
+oper
+  if_then_else : (A : Type) -> Bool -> A -> A -> A = \_,c,d,e -> 
+    case c of {
+      True => d ;  ---- should not need to qualify
+      False => e
+     } ;
+
+  andB : (_,_ : Bool) -> Bool = \a,b -> if_then_else Bool a b False ;
+  orB  : (_,_ : Bool) -> Bool = \a,b -> if_then_else Bool a True b ;
+  notB : Bool         -> Bool = \a   -> if_then_else Bool a False True ;
+
+  if_then_Str : Bool -> Str -> Str -> Str = if_then_else Str ;
+
+  onlyIf : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,s -> case b of {
+    True => s ;
+    _ => nonExist
+    } ;
+
+-- Interface to internal booleans
+
+  pbool2bool : Predef.PBool -> Bool = \b -> case b of {
+    Predef.PFalse => False ; Predef.PTrue => True
+    } ;
+
+  init : Tok -> Tok = Predef.tk 1 ;
+  last : Tok -> Tok = Predef.dp 1 ;
+
+--2 High-level acces to Predef operations
+
+  isNil : Tok -> Bool = \b -> pbool2bool (Predef.eqStr [] b) ;
+
+  ifTok : (A : Type) -> Tok -> Tok -> A -> A -> A = \A,t,u,a,b -> 
+    case Predef.eqStr t u of {Predef.PTrue => a ; Predef.PFalse => b} ;
+
+--2 Lexer-related operations
+
+-- Bind together two tokens in some lexers, either obligatorily or optionally
+
+  oper 
+    glue : Str -> Str -> Str = \x,y -> x ++ BIND ++ y ;
+    glueOpt : Str -> Str -> Str = \x,y -> variants {glue x y ; x ++ y} ;
+    noglueOpt : Str -> Str -> Str = \x,y -> variants {x ++ y ; glue x y} ;
+
+-- Force capitalization of next word in some unlexers
+
+    capitalize : Str -> Str = \s -> CAPIT ++ s ;
+
+-- These should be hidden, and never changed since they are hardcoded in (un)lexers
+
+    BIND : Str = "&+" ;
+    PARA : Str = "&-" ;
+    CAPIT : Str = "&|" ;
+
+--2 Miscellaneous
+
+-- Identity function
+
+  id : (A : Type) -> A -> A = \_,a -> a ;
+
+-- Parentheses
+
+  paren : Str -> Str = \s -> "(" ++ s ++ ")" ;
+  parenss : SS -> SS = \s -> ss (paren s.s) ;
+
+-- Zero, one, two, or more (elements in a list etc)
+
+param
+  ENumber = E0 | E1 | E2 | Emore ;
+
+oper
+  eNext : ENumber -> ENumber = \e -> case e of {
+    E0 => E1 ; E1 => E2 ; _ => Emore} ;
+
+
+}