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+--1 The construction of verb phrases
+
+abstract Verb = Cat ** {
+
+--2 Complementization rules
+
+-- Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
+-- complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
+
+  fun
+    UseV     : V   -> VP ;        -- sleep
+
+    ComplVV  : VV  -> VP -> VP ;  -- want to run
+    ComplVS  : VS  -> S  -> VP ;  -- say that she runs
+    ComplVQ  : VQ  -> QS -> VP ;  -- wonder who runs
+    ComplVA  : VA  -> AP -> VP ;  -- they become red
+
+    SlashV2a : V2        -> VPSlash ;  -- love (it)
+    Slash2V3 : V3  -> NP -> VPSlash ;  -- give it (to her)
+    Slash3V3 : V3  -> NP -> VPSlash ;  -- give (it) to her
+
+    SlashV2V : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ;  -- beg (her) to go
+    SlashV2S : V2S -> S  -> VPSlash ;  -- answer (to him) that it is good
+    SlashV2Q : V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash ;  -- ask (him) who came
+    SlashV2A : V2A -> AP -> VPSlash ;  -- paint (it) red
+
+    ComplSlash : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ; -- love it
+
+    SlashVV    : VV  -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ;       -- want to buy
+    SlashV2VNP : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy
+
+--2 Other ways of forming verb phrases
+
+-- Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
+-- copula-preceded complements.
+
+    ReflVP   : VPSlash -> VP ;         -- love himself
+    UseComp  : Comp -> VP ;            -- be warm
+
+-- Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use
+-- them. In many languages, the result is a participle that
+-- is used as complement to a copula ("is used"), but other
+-- auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. "wird angewendet", It.
+-- "viene usato"), as well as special verb forms (Fin. "käytetään",
+-- Swe. "används").
+--
+-- *Note*. the rule can be overgenerating, since the $V2$ need not
+-- take a direct object.
+
+    PassV2   : V2 -> VP ;               -- be loved
+
+-- Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make
+-- a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end
+-- vs. next to (or before) the verb.
+
+    AdvVP    : VP -> Adv -> VP ;        -- sleep here
+    AdVVP    : AdV -> VP -> VP ;        -- always sleep
+
+-- *Agents of passives* are constructed as adverbs with the
+-- preposition [Structural Structural.html]$.8agent_Prep$.
+
+
+--2 Complements to copula
+
+-- Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
+
+    CompAP   : AP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) small
+    CompNP   : NP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) a man
+    CompAdv  : Adv -> Comp ;            -- (be) here
+
+}