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| author | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> | 2009-06-22 15:39:08 +0000 |
| commit | e89fdae2fa1626348d8025824a7469252fa85e42 (patch) | |
| tree | c7d46bbd0494043b4bd6f917a25a7687517d0547 /old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf | |
| parent | 3049b59b35b25381a7c6787444165c200d66e08b (diff) | |
next-lib renamed to lib, lib to old-lib
Diffstat (limited to 'old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf')
| -rw-r--r-- | old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf | 654 |
1 files changed, 654 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf b/old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32a4d4b43 --- /dev/null +++ b/old-lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf @@ -0,0 +1,654 @@ +--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude + +--1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms +-- +-- Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006 +-- +-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar +-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming +-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. +-- +-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are +-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. +-- +-- The main difference with $MorphoSwe.gf$ is that the types +-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover +-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather +-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. +-- +-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: +-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all +-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an +-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. +-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a +-- separate module [``IrregSwe`` ../../swedish/IrregSwe], +-- which covers many irregular verbs. + + +resource ParadigmsSwe = + open + (Predef=Predef), + Prelude, + CommonScand, + ResSwe, + MorphoSwe, + CatSwe in { + +--2 Parameters +-- +-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. + +oper + Gender : Type ; + + utrum : Gender ; + neutrum : Gender ; + +-- To abstract over number names, we define the following. + + Number : Type ; + + singular : Number ; + plural : Number ; + +-- To abstract over case names, we define the following. + + Case : Type ; + + nominative : Case ; + genitive : Case ; + +-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions can be constructed from strings. + + mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; + noPrep : Prep ; -- empty string + + +--2 Nouns + +-- The following overloaded paradigm takes care of all noun formation. + + mkN : overload { + +-- The one-argument case takes the singular indefinite form and computes +-- the other forms and the gender by a simple heuristic. The heuristic is currently +-- to treat all words ending with "a" like "apa-apor", with "e" like "rike-riken", +-- and otherwise like "bil-bilar". + + mkN : (apa : Str) -> N ; + +-- The case with a string and gender makes it possible to treat +-- "lik" (neutrum) and "pojke" (utrum). + + mkN : (lik : Str) -> Gender -> N ; + +-- Giving two forms - the singular and plural indefinite - is sufficient for +-- most nouns. The paradigm deals correctly with the vowel contractions in +-- "nyckel - nycklar" such as "pojke - pojkar". + + mkN : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ; + +-- In the worst case, four forms are needed. + + mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N + } ; + +-- All the functions above work quite as well to form *compound nouns*, +-- such as "fotboll". + + + +--3 Relational nouns +-- +-- Relational nouns ("kung av x") are nouns with a preposition. +-- As a special case, we provide regular nouns (formed with one-argument $mkN$) +-- with the preposition "av". + + mkN2 : overload { + mkN2 : Str -> N2 ; + mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 + } ; + +-- Three-place relational nouns ("förbindelse från x till y") +-- need two prepositions. + + mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; + + +--3 Relational common noun phrases +-- +-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a +-- relational noun (e.g. "den före detta maken till"). However, $N2$ and +-- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$ +-- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this. + +-- +--3 Proper names and noun phrases +-- +-- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings and +-- have the default gender utrum. + + mkPN : overload { + mkPN : Str -> PN ; + mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; + +-- In the worst case, the genitive form is irregular. + + mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN + } ; + + +--2 Adjectives + +-- Adjectives need one to seven forms. + + mkA : overload { + +-- Most adjectives are formed simply by adding endings to a stem. + + mkA : (billig : Str) -> A ; + +-- Some adjectives have a deviant neuter form. The following pattern +-- also recognizes the neuter formation "galen-galet" and forms the +-- proper plural and comparison forms "galna-galnare-galnast". + + mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ; + +-- Umlaut in comparison forms is + + mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; + +-- A few adjectives need 5 forms. + mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A ; + +-- Hardly any other adjective than "liten" needs the full 7 forms. + + mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A + } ; + +-- Comparison forms may be compound ("mera svensk" - "mest svensk"); +-- this behaviour can be forced on any adjective. + + compoundA : A -> A ; + + + + +--3 Two-place adjectives +-- +-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument. + + mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; + + +--2 Adverbs + +-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position +-- after the verb. Some can be preverbal in subordinate position +-- (e.g. "alltid"). + + mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; -- här + mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; -- alltid + +-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed. + + mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; + +--2 Verbs +-- +-- All verbs can be defined by the overloaded paradigm $mkV$. + + mkV : overload { + +-- The 'regular verb' (= one-place) case is inspired by Lexin. It uses the +-- present tense indicative form. The value is the first conjugation if the +-- argument ends with "ar" ("tala" - "talar" - "talade" - "talat"), +-- the second with "er" ("leka" - "leker" - "lekte" - "lekt", with the +-- variations like in "gräva", "vända", "tyda", "hyra"), and +-- the third in other cases ("bo" - "bor" - "bodde" - "bott"). +-- It is also possible to give the infinite form to it; they are treated +-- as if they were implicitly suffixed by "r". Moreover, deponent verbs +-- are recognized from the final "s" ("hoppas"). + + mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V ; + +-- Most irregular verbs need just the conventional three forms. + + mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V ; + +-- In the worst case, six forms are given. + + mkV : (gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V ; + +-- Particle verbs, such as "passa på", are formed by adding a string to a verb. + + mkV : V -> Str -> V + } ; + + +--3 Deponent verbs. +-- +-- Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. "hoppas", some as +-- reflexive e.g. "ångra sig". Regular deponent verbs are also +-- handled by $mkV$ and recognized from the ending "s". + + depV : V -> V ; + reflV : V -> V ; + + +--3 Two-place verbs +-- +-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, which default to the 'empty preposition' +-- i.e. direct object. (transitive verbs). The simplest case is a regular +-- verb (as in $mkV$) with a direct object. +-- Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the $V$. + + mkV2 : overload { + mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; + mkV2 : V -> V2 ; + mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 + } ; + + +--3 Three-place verbs +-- +-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which +-- the first one or both can be absent. The simplest case is a regular +-- verb (as in $mkV$) with no prepositions. + + mkV3 : overload { + mkV3 : Str -> V3 ; + mkV3 : V -> V3 ; + mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; + mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 + } ; + +--3 Other complement patterns +-- +-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, +-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives. + + mkV0 : V -> V0 ; + mkVS : V -> VS ; + mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; + mkVV : V -> VV ; + mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; + mkVA : V -> VA ; + mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ; + mkVQ : V -> VQ ; + mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; + + mkAS : A -> AS ; + mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; + mkAV : A -> AV ; + mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; + +-- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$. +-- $V0$ is just $V$. + + V0 : Type ; + AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; + +--. +--2 Definitions of the paradigms +-- +-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are +-- hidden from the document. + + Gender = ResSwe.Gender ; + Number = CommonScand.Number ; + Case = CommonScand.Case ; + utrum = Utr ; + neutrum = Neutr ; + singular = Sg ; + plural = Pl ; + nominative = Nom ; + genitive = Gen ; + + mkPrep p = {s = p ; lock_Prep = <>} ; + noPrep = mkPrep [] ; + + mkN = overload { + mkN : (apa : Str) -> N = regN ; + mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = regGenN ; + mkN : (nyckel, nycklar : Str) -> N = mk2N ; + mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N = mk4N ; + mkN : Str -> N -> N = compoundN ; + } ; + + compoundN : Str -> N -> N = \s,no -> { + s = \\n,d,c => s ++ no.s ! n ! d ! c ; + g = no.g ; + lock_N = <> + } ; + + mk4N : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N = \apa,apan,apor,aporna -> { + s = nounForms apa apan apor aporna ; + g = case last apan of { + "n" => Utr ; + _ => Neutr + } + } ** {lock_N = <>} ; + + regN : Str -> N = \bil -> regGenN bil g where { + g = case <bil : Str> of { + _ + "e" => Neutr ; + _ => Utr + } + } ; + + regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N = \bil, g -> case g of { + Utr => case last bil of { + "a" => decl1Noun bil ; + _ => decl2Noun bil + } ; + Neutr => case last bil of { + "e" => decl4Noun bil ; + _ => decl5Noun bil + } + } ** {lock_N = <>} ; + + mk1N : Str -> N = \bilarna -> case bilarna of { + ap + "orna" => decl1Noun (ap + "a") ; + bil + "arna" => decl2Noun bil ; + rad + "erna" => decl3Noun rad ; + rik + "ena" => decl4Noun (rik + "e") ; + husen => decl5Noun (Predef.tk 2 husen) + } ; + + mk2N : Str -> Str -> N = \bil,bilar -> + ifTok N bil bilar (decl5Noun bil) ( + case Predef.dp 2 bilar of { + "or" => case bil of { + _ + "a" => decl1Noun bil ; -- apa, apor + _ + "o" => mk4N bil (bil + "n") bilar (bilar + "na") ; -- ko,kor + _ => mk4N bil (bil + "en") bilar (bilar + "na") -- ros,rosor + } ; + "ar" => decl2Noun bil ; + "er" => case bil of { + _ + "or" => mk4N bil (bil + "n") bilar (bilar + "na") ; -- motor,motorn + _ => decl3gNoun bil bilar -- fot, fötter + } ; + "en" => decl4Noun bil ; -- rike, riken + _ => mk4N bil (bil + "et") bilar (bilar + "n") -- centrum, centra + }) ; + +-- School declensions. + + decl1Noun : Str -> N = \apa -> + let ap = init apa in + mk4N apa (apa + "n") (ap + "or") (ap + "orna") ; + + decl2Noun : Str -> N = \bil -> + let + bb : Str * Str = case bil of { + br + ("o" | "u" | "ö" | "å") => <bil + "ar", bil + "n"> ; + pojk + "e" => <pojk + "ar", bil + "n"> ; + hi + "mme" + l@("l" | "r") => <hi + "m" + l + "ar",hi + "m" + l + "en"> ; + nyck + "e" + l@("l" | "r") => <nyck + l + "ar",bil + "n"> ; + sock + "e" + "n" => <sock + "nar", sock + "nen"> ; + _ => <bil + "ar", bil + "en"> + } ; + in mk4N bil bb.p2 bb.p1 (bb.p1 + "na") ; + + decl3Noun : Str -> N = \sak -> + case last sak of { + "e" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") (sak +"r") (sak + "rna") ; + "y" | "å" | "é" | "y" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") (sak +"er") (sak + "erna") ; + _ => mk4N sak (sak + "en") (sak + "er") (sak + "erna") + } ; + decl3gNoun : Str -> Str -> N = \sak,saker -> + case last sak of { + "e" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") saker (saker + "na") ; + "y" | "å" | "é" | "y" => mk4N sak (sak + "n") saker (saker + "na") ; + _ => mk4N sak (sak + "en") saker (saker + "na") + } ; + + decl4Noun : Str -> N = \rike -> + mk4N rike (rike + "t") (rike + "n") (rike + "na") ; + + decl5Noun : Str -> N = \lik -> + case lik of { + nu + "mme" + l@("l" | "r") => + mk4N lik (nu + "m" + l + "et") lik (nu + "m" + l + "en") ; + vad@(?+?+?+_) + "e" + l@("l" | "r") => + mk4N lik (vad + l + "et") lik (vad + l + "en") ; + _ + "are" => mk4N lik (lik + "n") lik (init lik + "na") ; -- kikare + _ => mk4N lik (lik + "et") lik (lik + "en") + } ; + + mkN2 = overload { + mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> mmkN2 (regN s) (mkPrep "av") ; + mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2 + } ; + + mmkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; + regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ; + + + mmkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s} ; + regN2 n g = mmkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPrep "av") ; + mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** + {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s} ; + + mkPN = overload { + mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ; + mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = regGenPN ; + mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN = \jesus,jesu,g -> + {s = table {Nom => jesus ; Gen => jesu} ; g = g ; lock_PN = <>} ; + } ; + + regPN n = regGenPN n utrum ; + regGenPN n g = {s = \\c => mkCase c n ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ; + nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ! Indef ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ; + makeNP x y n g = + {s = table {NPPoss _ => y ; _ => x} ; a = agrP3 g n ; p = P3 ; + lock_NP = <>} ; + + mkA = overload { + mkA : (billig : Str) -> A = regA ; + mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A = mk2A ; + mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A = irregA ; + mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A = + \liten,litet,lilla,mindre,minst -> + mk7A liten litet lilla lilla mindre minst (minst + "a") ; + mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A = mk7A + } ; + + + regA : Str -> A ; + mk2A : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ; + irregA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; + mk7A : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A ; + + mk7A a b c d e f g = mkAdjective a b c d e f g ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ; + regA fin = + let fint : Str = case fin of { + ru + "nd" => ru + "nt" ; + se + "dd" => se + "tt" ; + pla + "tt" => pla + "tt" ; + gla + "d" => gla + "tt" ; + _ => fin + "t" + } + in + mk3A fin fint (fin + "a") ; + irregA ung yngre yngst = + mk7A ung (ung + "t") (ung + "a") (ung + "a") yngre yngst (yngst+"a") ; + + mk3A ljummen ljummet ljumma = + mk7A + ljummen ljummet ljumma ljumma + (ljumma + "re") (ljumma + "st") (ljumma + "ste") ; + mk2A vid vitt = case <vid,vitt> of { + <gal + "en", _ + "et"> => mk3A vid vitt (gal + "na") ; + _ => mk3A vid vitt (vid + "a") + } ; + + compoundA adj = {s = adj.s ; isComp = True ; lock_A = <>} ; + + mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ; + + mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; + mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ; + mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ; + + mkV = overload { + mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V = regV ; + mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V = irregV ; + mkV : (supa,super,sup,söp,supit,supen : Str) -> V = mk6V ; + mkV : V -> Str -> V = partV + } ; + + mk6V = \finna,finner,finn,fann,funnit,funnen -> + let + funn = ptPretForms funnen ; + funnet = funn ! Strong SgNeutr ! Nom ; + funna = funn ! Strong Plg ! Nom + in + mkVerb finna finner finn fann funnit funnen funnet funna ** + {part = [] ; vtype=VAct ; lock_V = <>} ; + + regV leker = case leker of { + lek + "a" => conj1 leker ; --- bw compat + lek + "ar" => conj1 (lek + "a") ; + lek + "er" => conj2 (lek + "a") ; + bo + "r" => conj3 bo ; + ret + "as" => depV (conj1 (ret + "a")) ; + n + ("os" | "ys" | "ås" | "ös") => depV (conj3 (init leker)) ; + ret + "s" => depV (conj2 (ret + "a")) ; + _ => conj3 leker + } ; + + mk2V leka lekte = case <leka,lekte> of { + <_, _ + "ade"> => conj1 leka ; + <_ + "a", _> => conj2 leka ; + _ => conj3 leka + } ; + +-- school conjugations + + conj1 : Str -> V = \tala -> + mk6V tala (tala + "r") tala (tala +"de") (tala +"t") (tala +"d") ; + + conj2 : Str -> V = \leka -> + let lek = init leka in + case last lek of { + "l" | "m" | "n" | "v" | "g" => + let gom = case <lek : Tok> of { + _ + "mm" => init lek ; + _ => lek + } + in mk6V leka (lek + "er") gom (gom +"de") (gom +"t") (gom +"d") ; + "r" => + mk6V leka lek lek (lek +"de") (lek +"t") (lek +"d") ; + _ => case lek of { + _ + "nd" => + mk6V leka (lek + "er") lek (lek +"e") (init lek +"t") lek ; + _ => + mk6V leka (lek + "er") lek (lek +"te") (lek +"t") (lek +"t") + } + } ; + + conj3 : Str -> V = \bo -> + mk6V bo (bo + "r") bo (bo +"dde") (bo +"tt") (bo +"dd") ; + + irregV = \sälja, sålde, sålt -> + let + säljer = case last sälja of { + "a" => conj2 sälja ; + _ => conj3 sälja + } ; + såld = case Predef.dp 2 sålt of { + "it" => Predef.tk 2 sålt + "en" ; + "tt" => Predef.tk 2 sålt + "dd" ; + _ => init sålt + "d" + } + in + mk6V sälja (säljer.s ! VF (VPres Act)) (säljer.s ! (VF (VImper Act))) sålde sålt såld + ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ; + + partV v p = {s = v.s ; part = p ; vtype = v.vtype ; lock_V = <>} ; + depV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VPass ; lock_V = <>} ; + reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ; + + mkV2 = overload { + mkV2 : (läser : Str) -> V2 = \v -> dirV2 (regV v) ; + mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ; + mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2 + } ; + + + mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ; + dirV2 v = mmkV2 v noPrep ; + + mkV3 = overload { + mkV3 : Str -> V3 = \v -> dirdirV3 (regV v) ; + mkV3 : V -> V3 = dirdirV3 ; + mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = dirV3 ; + mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = mmkV3 + } ; + + mmkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- tala, med, om + dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- ge, (acc),till + dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- ge, (dat), (acc) + + + mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ; + dirV3 v p = mmkV3 v noPrep p ; + dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ; + + mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ; + mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ; + mkVV v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_VV = <>} ; + mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ; + + mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ; + mkV2A v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ; + + V0 : Type = V ; +-- V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ; + AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ; + A2V : Type = A2 ; + + mkV2S v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ; + mkV2V v p t = mmkV2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ; + mkV2Q v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ; + + mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; + mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; + mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ; + mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ; + +----------Obsolete + +-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular +-- genitive, you can use the worst-case function. + + makeNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ; + + + + regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; + regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum + +-- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank". + + nounPN : N -> PN ; + +-- Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular. + + mk3A : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -> A ; + + mk6V : (supa,super,sup,söp,supit,supen : Str) -> V ; + regV : (talar : Str) -> V ; + mk2V : (leka,lekte : Str) -> V ; + irregV : (dricka, drack, druckit : Str) -> V ; + + partV : V -> Str -> V ; + + mmkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; + + dirV2 : V -> V2 ; + + +} ; |
