diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | examples/miniresource/Miniresource.gf | 47 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | examples/miniresource/MiniresourceEng.gf | 268 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | examples/miniresource/MiniresourceIta.gf | 391 |
3 files changed, 706 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/examples/miniresource/Miniresource.gf b/examples/miniresource/Miniresource.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e37b8fa03 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/miniresource/Miniresource.gf @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +abstract Miniresource = { + +-- module Grammar in GF book, Chapter 9: syntax and structural words + + flags startcat = S ; + + cat + S ; Cl ; NP ; VP ; AP ; CN ; + Det ; N ; A ; V ; V2 ; AdA ; + Tense ; Pol ; + Conj ; + data + UseCl : Tense -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; + PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; + ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ; + DetCN : Det -> CN -> NP ; + ModCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; + + CompAP : AP -> VP ; + AdAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; + + ConjS : Conj -> S -> S -> S ; + ConjNP : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ; + + UseV : V -> VP ; + UseN : N -> CN ; + UseA : A -> AP ; + + a_Det, the_Det, every_Det : Det ; + this_Det, these_Det : Det ; + that_Det, those_Det : Det ; + i_NP, youSg_NP, he_NP, she_NP, we_NP, youPl_NP, they_NP : NP ; + very_AdA : AdA ; + + Pos, Neg : Pol ; + Pres, Perf : Tense ; + + and_Conj, or_Conj : Conj ; + +-- module Test: content word lexicon for testing + + man_N, woman_N, house_N, tree_N : N ; + big_A, small_A, green_A : A ; + walk_V, arrive_V : V ; + love_V2, please_V2 : V2 ; + +} diff --git a/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceEng.gf b/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceEng.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fb85394e --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceEng.gf @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +concrete MiniresourceEng of Miniresource = open Prelude in { + +-- module GrammarEng + + lincat + S = {s : Str} ; + Cl = {s : ClForm => TTense => Bool => Str} ; + NP = NounPhrase ; + -- {s : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ; + VP = VerbPhrase ; + -- {v : AgrVerb ; compl : Str} ; + AP = {s : Str} ; + CN = Noun ; -- {s : Number => Str} ; + Det = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; + N = Noun ; -- {s : Number => Str} ; + A = Adj ; -- {s : Str} ; + V = Verb ; -- {s : VForm => Str} ; + V2 = Verb ** {c : Str} ; + AdA = {s : Str} ; + Tense = {s : Str ; t : TTense} ; + Pol = {s : Str ; b : Bool} ; + Conj = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; + lin + UseCl t p cl = {s = t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! ClDir ! t.t ! p.b} ; + PredVP np vp = { + s = \\d,t,b => + let + vps = vp.verb.s ! d ! t ! b ! np.a + in case d of { + ClDir => np.s ! Nom ++ vps.fin ++ vps.inf ++ vp.compl ; + ClInv => vps.fin ++ np.s ! Nom ++ vps.inf ++ vp.compl + } + } ; + + ComplV2 v2 np = { + verb = agrV v2 ; + compl = v2.c ++ np.s ! Acc + } ; + + UseV v = { + verb = agrV v ; + compl = [] + } ; + + DetCN det cn = { + s = \\_ => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; + a = Ag det.n Per3 + } ; + + ModCN ap cn = { + s = \\n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n + } ; + + CompAP ap = { + verb = copula ; + compl = ap.s + } ; + + AdAP ada ap = { + s = ada.s ++ ap.s + } ; + + ConjS co x y = {s = x.s ++ co.s ++ y.s} ; + + ConjNP co nx ny = { + s = \\c => nx.s ! c ++ co.s ++ ny.s ! c ; + a = conjAgr co.n nx.a ny.a + } ; + + UseN n = n ; + + UseA adj = adj ; + + a_Det = mkDet (pre {#vowel => "an" ; _ => "a"}) Sg ; + + every_Det = mkDet "every" Sg ; + + the_Det = mkDet "the" Sg ; + this_Det = mkDet "this" Sg ; + these_Det = mkDet "these" Pl ; + that_Det = mkDet "that" Sg ; + those_Det = mkDet "those" Pl ; + + i_NP = pronNP "I" "me" Sg Per1 ; + youSg_NP = pronNP "you" "you" Sg Per2 ; + he_NP = pronNP "he" "him" Sg Per3 ; + she_NP = pronNP "she" "her" Sg Per3 ; + we_NP = pronNP "we" "us" Pl Per1 ; + youPl_NP = pronNP "you" "you" Pl Per2 ; + they_NP = pronNP "they" "them" Pl Per3 ; + + very_AdA = ss "very" ; + + Pos = {s = [] ; b = True} ; + Neg = {s = [] ; b = False} ; + Pres = {s = [] ; t = TPres} ; + Perf = {s = [] ; t = TPerf} ; + + and_Conj = {s = "and" ; n = Pl} ; + or_Conj = {s = "or" ; n = Sg} ; + +-- module TestEng + + man_N = mkN "man" "men" ; + woman_N = mkN "woman" "women" ; + house_N = mkN "house" ; + tree_N = mkN "tree" ; + big_A = mkA "big" ; + small_A = mkA "small" ; + green_A = mkA "green" ; + walk_V = mkV "walk" ; + arrive_V = mkV "arrive" ; + love_V2 = mkV2 "love" ; + please_V2 = mkV2 "please" ; + +-- module ResEng + +param + Number = Sg | Pl ; + Case = Nom | Acc ; + Agr = Ag Number Person ; + TTense = TPres | TPerf ; + Person = Per1 | Per2 | Per3 ; + VForm = VInf | VPres | VPast | VPart ; + + ClForm = ClDir | ClInv ; + +oper + VerbPhrase = { + verb : AgrVerb ; + compl : Str + } ; + + NounPhrase = { + s : Case => Str ; + a : Agr + } ; + +-- verb as in VP, including copula + + AgrVerb : Type = { + s : ClForm => TTense => Bool => Agr => {fin,inf : Str} ; + inf : Str + } ; + + copula : AgrVerb = { + s = \\d,t,p,a => case <t,a> of { + <TPres,Ag Sg Per1> => {fin = "am" ; inf = neg p} ; + <TPres,Ag Sg Per3> => {fin = "is" ; inf = neg p} ; + <TPres,_ > => {fin = "are" ; inf = neg p} ; + <TPerf,Ag Sg Per3> => {fin = "has" ; inf = neg p ++ "been"} ; + <TPerf,_ > => {fin = "have" ; inf = neg p ++ "been"} + } ; + inf = "be" + } ; + + agrV : Verb -> AgrVerb = \v -> + let + vinf = v.s ! VInf ; + vpart = v.s ! VPart + in { + s = \\d,t,p,a => case <d,t,p,a> of { + <ClDir,TPres,True, Ag Sg Per3> => {fin = v.s ! VPres ; inf = []} ; + <_, TPres,_, Ag Sg Per3> => {fin = "does" ; inf = neg p ++ vinf} ; + <ClDir,TPres,True, _ > => {fin = vinf ; inf = []} ; + <_, TPres,_, _ > => {fin = "do" ; inf = neg p ++ vinf} ; + <_, TPerf,_, Ag Sg Per3> => {fin = "has" ; inf = neg p ++ vpart} ; + <_, TPerf,_, _ > => {fin = "have" ; inf = neg p ++ vpart} + } ; + inf = vinf + } ; + + neg : Bool -> Str = \b -> case b of {True => [] ; False => "not"} ; + +-- for coordination + + conjAgr : Number -> Agr -> Agr -> Agr = \n,xa,ya -> + case <xa,ya> of { + <Ag xn xp, Ag yn yp> => + Ag (conjNumber (conjNumber xn yn) n) (conjPerson xp yp) + } ; + + conjNumber : Number -> Number -> Number = \m,n -> + case m of {Pl => Pl ; _ => n} ; + + conjPerson : Person -> Person -> Person = \p,q -> + case <p,q> of { + <Per1,_> | <_,Per1> => Per1 ; + <Per2,_> | <_,Per2> => Per2 ; + _ => Per3 + } ; + + Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ; + Adj : Type = {s : Str} ; + Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ; + + mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \man,men -> { + s = table {Sg => man ; Pl => men} + } ; + + regNoun : Str -> Noun = \s -> + mkNoun s (s + "s") ; ---- + + mkAdj : Str -> Adj = \s -> ss s ; + + mkVerb : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = + \go,goes,went,gone -> { + s = table { + VInf => go ; + VPres => goes ; + VPast => went ; + VPart => gone + } + } ; + + regVerb : Str -> Verb = \v -> case v of { + _ + "e" => mkVerb v (v + "s") (v + "d") (v + "d") ; + _ => mkVerb v (v + "s") (v + "ed") (v + "ed") + } ; + + mkDet : Str -> Number -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = \s,n -> { + s = s ; + n = n + } ; + + pronNP : (s,a : Str) -> Number -> Person -> NounPhrase = + \s,a,n,p -> { + s = table { + Nom => s ; + Acc => a + } ; + a = Ag n p + } ; + + vowel : pattern Str = #("a" | "e" | "i" | "o") ; + +-- module ParadigmsEng + +oper + mkN = overload { + mkN : (dog : Str) -> N + = \n -> lin N (regNoun n) ; + mkN : (man, men : Str) -> N + = \s,p -> lin N (mkNoun s p) ; + } ; + + mkA = overload { + mkA : (small : Str) -> A + = \a -> lin A (mkAdj a) ; + } ; + + mkV = overload { + mkV : (walk : Str) -> V + = \v -> lin V (regVerb v) ; + mkV : (go,goes,went,gone : Str) -> V + = \p1,p2,p3,p4 -> lin V (mkVerb p1 p2 p3 p4) ; + } ; + + mkV2 = overload { + mkV2 : Str -> V2 + = \s -> lin V2 (regVerb s ** {c = []}) ; + mkV2 : V -> V2 + = \v -> lin V2 (v ** {c = []}) ; + mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2 + = \v,p -> lin V2 (v ** {c = p}) ; + } ; + +} diff --git a/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceIta.gf b/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceIta.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5a8f1402 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/miniresource/MiniresourceIta.gf @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +concrete MiniresourceIta of Miniresource = open Prelude in { + +-- module GrammarIta + + flags coding = utf8 ; + + lincat + S = {s : Str} ; + Cl = {s : TTense => Bool => Str} ; + NP = NounPhrase ; + -- {s : Case => {clit,obj : Str ; isClit : Bool} ; a : Agr} ; + VP = VerbPhrase ; + -- {v : Verb ; clit : Str ; clitAgr : ClitAgr ; obj : Agr => Str} ; + AP = {s : Gender => Number => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; + CN = Noun ; -- {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; + Det = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number} ; + N = Noun ; -- {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; + A = Adj ; -- {s : Gender => Number => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; + V = Verb ; -- {s : VForm => Str ; aux : Aux} ; + V2 = Verb ** {c : Case} ; + AdA = {s : Str} ; + Pol = {s : Str ; b : Bool} ; + Tense = {s : Str ; t : TTense} ; + Conj = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; + lin + UseCl t p cl = {s = t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! p.b} ; + PredVP np vp = + let + subj = (np.s ! Nom).obj ; + obj = vp.obj ! np.a ; + clit = vp.clit ; + verb = table { + TPres => agrV vp.v np.a ; + TPerf => agrV (auxVerb vp.v.aux) np.a ++ agrPart vp.v np.a vp.clitAgr + } + in { + s = \\t,b => subj ++ neg b ++ clit ++ verb ! t ++ obj + } ; + + ComplV2 v2 np = + let + nps = np.s ! v2.c + in { + v = v2 ; + clit = nps.clit ; + clitAgr = case <nps.isClit,v2.c> of { + <True,Acc> => CAgr np.a ; + _ => CAgrNo + } ; + obj = \\_ => nps.obj + } ; + + UseV v = { + v = v ; + clit = [] ; + clitAgr = CAgrNo ; + obj = \\_ => [] + } ; + + DetCN det cn = { + s = \\c => { + obj = det.s ! cn.g ! c ++ cn.s ! det.n ; + clit = [] ; + isClit = False + } ; + a = Ag cn.g det.n Per3 + } ; + + ModCN ap cn = { + s = \\n => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! cn.g ! n) (cn.s ! n) ; + g = cn.g + } ; + + CompAP ap = { + v = essere_V ; + clit = [] ; + clitAgr = CAgrNo ; + obj = \\ag => case ag of { + Ag g n _ => ap.s ! g ! n + } + } ; + + AdAP ada ap = { + s = \\g,n => ada.s ++ ap.s ! g ! n ; + isPre = ap.isPre ; + } ; + +--- known issue: this comes out wrong for pronouns + ConjNP co nx ny = { + s = \\c => { + obj = (nx.s ! c).clit ++ (nx.s ! c).obj ++ co.s ++ (ny.s ! c).clit ++ (ny.s ! c).obj ; + clit = [] ; + isClit = False + } ; + a = conjAgr co.n nx.a ny.a + } ; + + ConjS co x y = {s = x.s ++ co.s ++ y.s} ; + + UseN n = n ; + + UseA adj = adj ; + + a_Det = adjDet (mkAdj "un" "una" [] [] True) Sg ; + + every_Det = adjDet (regAdj "ogni") Sg ; + + the_Det = { + s = table { + Masc => table { + Nom | Acc => elisForms "lo" "l'" "il" ; + Dat => elisForms "allo" "all'" "al" + } ; + Fem => table { + Nom | Acc => elisForms "la" "'l" "la" ; + Dat => elisForms "alla" "all'" "alla" + } + } ; + n = Sg + } ; + + this_Det = adjDet (regAdj "questo") Sg ; + these_Det = adjDet (regAdj "questo") Pl ; + that_Det = adjDet quello_A Sg ; + those_Det = adjDet quello_A Pl ; + + i_NP = pronNP "io" "mi" "mi" Masc Sg Per1 ; + youSg_NP = pronNP "tu" "ti" "ti" Masc Sg Per2 ; + he_NP = pronNP "lui" "lo" "gli" Masc Sg Per3 ; + she_NP = pronNP "lei" "la" "le" Fem Sg Per3 ; + we_NP = pronNP "noi" "ci" "ci" Masc Pl Per1 ; + youPl_NP = pronNP "voi" "vi" "vi" Masc Pl Per2 ; + they_NP = pronNP "loro" "li" "glie" Masc Pl Per3 ; + + very_AdA = ss "molto" ; + + Pos = {s = [] ; b = True} ; + Neg = {s = [] ; b = False} ; + Pres = {s = [] ; t = TPres} ; + Perf = {s = [] ; t = TPerf} ; + + and_Conj = {s = "e" ; n = Pl} ; + or_Conj = {s = "o" ; n = Sg} ; + + oper + quello_A : Adj = mkAdj + (elisForms "quello" "quell'" "quel") "quella" + (elisForms "quegli" "quegli" "quei") "quelle" + True ; + +-- module TestIta + +lin + man_N = mkN "uomo" "uomini" masculine ; + woman_N = mkN "donna" ; + house_N = mkN "casa" ; + tree_N = mkN "albero" ; + big_A = preA (mkA "grande") ; + small_A = preA (mkA "piccolo") ; + green_A = mkA "verde" ; + walk_V = mkV "camminare" ; + arrive_V = essereV (mkV "arrivare") ; + love_V2 = mkV2 "amare" ; + please_V2 = mkV2 (essereV (mkV "piacere" "piaccio" "piaci" "piace" + "piacciamo" "piacete" "piacciono" "piaciuto")) dative ; + + +-- module ResIta + +-- parameters + +param + Number = Sg | Pl ; + Gender = Masc | Fem ; + Case = Nom | Acc | Dat ; + Agr = Ag Gender Number Person ; + Aux = Avere | Essere ; + TTense = TPres | TPerf ; + Person = Per1 | Per2 | Per3 ; + + VForm = VInf | VPres Number Person | VPart Gender Number ; + + ClitAgr = CAgrNo | CAgr Agr ; + +-- parts of speech + +oper + VerbPhrase = { + v : Verb ; + clit : Str ; + clitAgr : ClitAgr ; + obj : Agr => Str + } ; + NounPhrase = { + s : Case => {clit,obj : Str ; isClit : Bool} ; + a : Agr + } ; + +-- the preposition word of an abstract case + + prepCase : Case -> Str = \c -> case c of { + Dat => "a" ; + _ => [] + } ; + +-- for predication + + agrV : Verb -> Agr -> Str = \v,a -> case a of { + Ag _ n p => v.s ! VPres n p + } ; + + auxVerb : Aux -> Verb = \a -> case a of { + Avere => + mkVerb "avere" "ho" "hai" "ha" "abbiamo" "avete" "hanno" "avuto" Avere ; + Essere => + mkVerb "essere" "sono" "sei" "รจ" "siamo" "siete" "sono" "stato" Essere + } ; + + agrPart : Verb -> Agr -> ClitAgr -> Str = \v,a,c -> case v.aux of { + Avere => case c of { + CAgr (Ag g n _) => v.s ! VPart g n ; + _ => v.s ! VPart Masc Sg + } ; + Essere => case a of { + Ag g n _ => v.s ! VPart g n + } + } ; + + neg : Bool -> Str = \b -> case b of {True => [] ; False => "non"} ; + + essere_V = auxVerb Essere ; + +-- for coordination + + conjAgr : Number -> Agr -> Agr -> Agr = \n,xa,ya -> + let + x = agrFeatures xa ; y = agrFeatures ya + in Ag + (conjGender x.g y.g) + (conjNumber (conjNumber x.n y.n) n) + (conjPerson x.p y.p) ; + + agrFeatures : Agr -> {g : Gender ; n : Number ; p : Person} = \a -> + case a of {Ag g n p => {g = g ; n = n ; p = p}} ; + + conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \g,h -> + case g of {Masc => Masc ; _ => h} ; + + conjNumber : Number -> Number -> Number = \m,n -> + case m of {Pl => Pl ; _ => n} ; + + conjPerson : Person -> Person -> Person = \p,q -> + case <p,q> of { + <Per1,_> | <_,Per1> => Per1 ; + <Per2,_> | <_,Per2> => Per2 ; + _ => Per3 + } ; + + + +-- for morphology + + Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; + Adj : Type = {s : Gender => Number => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; + Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str ; aux : Aux} ; + + mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun = \vino,vini,g -> { + s = table {Sg => vino ; Pl => vini} ; + g = g + } ; + + regNoun : Str -> Noun = \vino -> case vino of { + fuo + c@("c"|"g") + "o" => mkNoun vino (fuo + c + "hi") Masc ; + ol + "io" => mkNoun vino (ol + "i") Masc ; + vin + "o" => mkNoun vino (vin + "i") Masc ; + cas + "a" => mkNoun vino (cas + "e") Fem ; + pan + "e" => mkNoun vino (pan + "i") Masc ; + _ => mkNoun vino vino Masc + } ; + + mkAdj : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Bool -> Adj = \buono,buona,buoni,buone,p -> { + s = table { + Masc => table {Sg => buono ; Pl => buoni} ; + Fem => table {Sg => buona ; Pl => buone} + } ; + isPre = p + } ; + + regAdj : Str -> Adj = \nero -> case nero of { + ner + "o" => mkAdj nero (ner + "a") (ner + "i") (ner + "e") False ; + verd + "e" => mkAdj nero nero (verd + "i") (verd + "i") False ; + _ => mkAdj nero nero nero nero False + } ; + + mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Aux -> Verb = + \amare,amo,ami,ama,amiamo,amate,amano,amato,aux -> { + s = table { + VInf => amare ; + VPres Sg Per1 => amo ; + VPres Sg Per2 => ami ; + VPres Sg Per3 => ama ; + VPres Pl Per1 => amiamo ; + VPres Pl Per2 => amate ; + VPres Pl Per3 => amano ; + VPart g n => (regAdj amato).s ! g ! n + } ; + aux = aux + } ; + + regVerb : Str -> Verb = \amare -> case amare of { + am + "are" => mkVerb amare (am+"o") (am+"i") (am+"a") + (am+"iamo") (am+"ate") (am+"ano") (am+"ato") Avere ; + tem + "ere" => mkVerb amare (tem+"o") (tem+"i") (tem+"e") + (tem+"iamo") (tem+"ete") (tem+"ono") (tem+"uto") Avere ; + fin + "ire" => mkVerb amare (fin+"isco") (fin+"isci") (fin+"isce") + (fin+"iamo") (fin+"ite") (fin+"iscono") (fin+"ito") Avere + } ; + +-- for structural words + + adjDet : Adj -> Number -> {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number} = + \adj,n -> { + s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ adj.s ! g ! n ; + n = n + } ; + + pronNP : (s,a,d : Str) -> Gender -> Number -> Person -> NounPhrase = + \s,a,d,g,n,p -> { + s = table { + Nom => {clit = [] ; obj = s ; isClit = False} ; + Acc => {clit = a ; obj = [] ; isClit = True} ; + Dat => {clit = d ; obj = [] ; isClit = True} + } ; + a = Ag g n p + } ; + +-- phonological auxiliaries + + vowel : pattern Str = #("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "h") ; + s_impuro : pattern Str = #("z" | "s" + ("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"m"|"p"|"q"|"t")) ; + + elisForms : (_,_,_ : Str) -> Str = \lo,l',il -> + pre {#s_impuro => lo ; #vowel => l' ; _ => il} ; + +-- module ParadigmsIta + +oper + masculine : Gender = Masc ; + feminine : Gender = Fem ; + + accusative : Case = Acc ; + dative : Case = Dat ; + + mkN = overload { + mkN : (vino : Str) -> N + = \n -> lin N (regNoun n) ; + mkN : (uomo, uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N + = \s,p,g -> lin N (mkNoun s p g) ; + } ; + + mkA = overload { + mkA : (nero : Str) -> A + = \a -> lin A (regAdj a) ; + mkA : (buono,buona,buoni,buone : Str) -> Bool -> A + = \sm,sf,pm,pf,p -> lin A (mkAdj sm sf pm pf False) ; + } ; + + preA : A -> A + = \a -> lin A {s = a.s ; isPre = True} ; + + mkV = overload { + mkV : (finire : Str) -> V + = \v -> lin V (regVerb v) ; + mkV : (andare,vado,vadi,va,andiamo,andate,vanno,andato : Str) -> V + = \i,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p -> lin V (mkVerb i p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p Avere) ; + } ; + + essereV : V -> V + = \v -> lin V {s = v.s ; aux = Essere} ; + + mkV2 = overload { + mkV2 : Str -> V2 + = \s -> lin V2 (regVerb s ** {c = accusative}) ; + mkV2 : V -> V2 + = \v -> lin V2 (v ** {c = accusative}) ; + mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 + = \v,c -> lin V2 (v ** {c = c}) ; + } ; + + +} |