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-abstract Geography = MidLevelOntology ** {

-

-  fun AcidRainIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  --  AcidRainfall is the subclass of 

-  -- Raining in which the precipitate contains harmful amounts of 

-  -- sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide. The standard for acid rain 

-  -- is below 5.6 pH.

-  fun AcidRainfall : Class ;

-  fun AcidRainfall_Class : SubClass AcidRainfall WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Acidification is the process of 

-  -- lowering soil and water pH due to acid rain or other types of 

-  -- acid deposition. Potential harmful effects include killing 

-  -- freshwater fish and plants.

-  fun Acidification : Class ;

-  fun Acidification_Class : SubClass Acidification Combining ;

-

-  fun AcidificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- AerosolParticulate is a 

-  -- Substance that includes aerosol_dispersed particles 

-  -- that are mixed with air, gas, or smoke. A form of Pollution.

-  fun AerosolParticulate : Class ;

-  fun AerosolParticulate_Class : SubClass AerosolParticulate Substance ;

-

-  fun AerosolParticulateIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Afforestation is the process of 

-  -- planting trees and plants on spaces that are either empty or in 

-  -- agricultural use.

-  fun Afforestation : Class ;

-  fun Afforestation_Class : SubClass Afforestation Planting ;

-

-  fun Africa : Ind Continent ;

-

-  -- Aftershock is the subclass of EarthTremors 

-  -- that occur after the main tremor(s) of an Earthquake.

-  fun Aftershock : Class ;

-  fun Aftershock_Class : SubClass Aftershock EarthTremor ;

-

-  -- Agreement is the class of 

-  -- Propositions that express the contents of agreements 

-  -- entered into by CognitiveAgents. Agreement includes 

-  -- treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage 

-  -- vows, etc. An Agreement may be written down in a document 

-  -- or other ContentBearingObject.

-  fun Agreement : Class ;

-  fun Agreement_Class : SubClass Agreement Proposition ;

-

-  -- (AgreementOrganizationFn ?AGR) 

-  -- denotes the official Organization established by the Agreement ?AGR 

-  -- to administer or enforce the terms of that agreement.

-  fun AgreementOrganizationFn : El Agreement -> Ind Organization ;

-

-  fun AgriculturalChemicalsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun AgriculturalExpansionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Agriculture is a class of Processes 

-  -- in which land, plants, or animals are cultivated in order to produce 

-  -- food or other organic products.

-  fun Agriculture : Class ;

-  fun Agriculture_Class : SubClass Agriculture Maintaining ;

-

-  -- AirPollution is the subclass of 

-  -- Pollution processes in which air is contaminated.

-  fun AirPollution : Class ;

-  fun AirPollution_Class : SubClass AirPollution Pollution ;

-

-  fun AirPollutionConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AirPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  fun AirPollution_NitrogenOxidesProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AirPollution_PeristentOrganicPollutantsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AirPollution_Sulphur85Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AirPollution_Sulphur94Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AirPollution_VolatileOrganicCompoundsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- AirStream is the class of FlowRegions that consist of air.

-  fun AirStream : Class ;

-  fun AirStream_Class : SubClass AirStream (both Air FlowRegion) ;

-

-  -- The area below the AntarcticCircle, which is

-  -- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds south latitude. It is dark

-  -- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

-  -- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

-  -- to the South Pole.

-  fun AntarcticArea : Class ;

-  fun AntarcticArea_Class : SubClass AntarcticArea LandArea ;

-

-  fun AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent : Ind WaterMotion ;

-

-  fun AntarcticSealsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun AntarcticTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun Antarctic_EnvironmentalProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun Antarctic_MarineLivingResourcesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun ArabianSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  -- ArableLand is the subclass of 

-  -- LandArea that represents land in cultivation with crops that 

-  -- are replanted after each harvest, e.g., wheat and rice.

-  fun ArableLand : Class ;

-  fun ArableLand_Class : SubClass ArableLand LandArea ;

-

-  fun AralSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- ArcMinute represents a UnitOfMeasure 

-  -- equivalent to 1/60th of an AngularDegree.

-  fun ArcMinute : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

-

-  -- ArcSecond represents a UnitOfMeasure 

-  -- equivalent to 1/60th of an ArcMinute.

-  fun ArcSecond : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

-

-  -- An ArchipelagicArea is a GeographicArea 

-  -- including an Archipelago and the surrounding WaterArea.

-  fun ArchipelagicArea : Class ;

-  fun ArchipelagicArea_Class : SubClass ArchipelagicArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- An Archipelago is a group of islands.

-  fun Archipelago : Class ;

-  fun Archipelago_Class : SubClass Archipelago (both Collection LandForm) ;

-

-  -- ArcticOcean represents the Arctic Ocean.

-  fun ArcticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

-

-  -- The area above the Artic Circle, which is

-  -- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds north latitude. It is dark

-  -- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

-  -- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

-  -- to the North Pole.

-  fun ArcticRegion : Class ;

-

-  -- AreaOfConcern is a subclass of 

-  -- Attributes that represent and classify the kinds of interests that 

-  -- agents have.

-  fun AreaOfConcern : Class ;

-  fun AreaOfConcern_Class : SubClass AreaOfConcern RelationalAttribute ;

-

-  -- AridClimateZone is the 

-  -- class of regions in which the climate is characterized by 

-  -- a distinct dry season. Annual rate of moisture evaporation 

-  -- exceeds annual rate of precipitation. This is Class B in the 

-  -- Koeppen climate system.

-  fun AridClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun AridClimateZone_Class : SubClass AridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  -- Asbestos is a Mineral.

-  fun Asbestos : Class ;

-  fun Asbestos_Class : SubClass Asbestos Mineral ;

-

-  fun AsbestosDisposalIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun Asia : Ind Continent ;

-

-  -- AtlanticOcean represents the Atlantic Ocean.

-  fun AtlanticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

-

-  -- Atmosphere is a mixture of gases 

-  -- surrounding any celestial object that has a gravitational field 

-  -- strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping.

-  fun Atmosphere : Class ;

-  fun Atmosphere_Class : SubClass Atmosphere Region ;

-

-  fun AtmosphericHazing : Class ;

-  fun AtmosphericHazing_Class : SubClass AtmosphericHazing WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Atoll is the class of CoralReefs which surround a lagoon.

-  fun Atoll : Class ;

-  fun Atoll_Class : SubClass Atoll CoralReef ;

-

-  -- AvalancheProcess is a subclass of 

-  -- Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of snow, ice, 

-  -- rock, or earth rapidly descends a steep slope, with a destructive force.

-  fun AvalancheProcess : Class ;

-  fun AvalancheProcess_Class : SubClass AvalancheProcess Impelling ;

-

-  fun BalticSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  -- Barite is Barium Sulfate occurring as a mineral.

-  fun Barite : Class ;

-  fun Barite_Class : SubClass Barite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

-

-  -- A Basin is an area of land enclosed or partially 

-  -- enclosed by higher land.

-  fun Basin : Class ;

-  fun Basin_Class : SubClass Basin LandForm ;

-

-  -- Bay is the class of extensions of a body of water 

-  -- (salt or fresh) that reach into the land, usually smaller than a 

-  -- Gulf.

-  fun Bay : Class ;

-  fun Bay_Class : SubClass Bay Inlet ;

-

-  -- BeaufortNumber is the

-  -- Attribute for indicating wind force, according to

-  -- classifications based on observable weather conditions and later

-  -- related to wind speed ranges.

-  fun BeaufortNumber : Class ;

-  fun BeaufortNumber_Class : SubClass BeaufortNumber RelationalAttribute ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberEight : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberEleven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberFive : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberFour : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberNine : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberOne : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberSeven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberSix : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberTen : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberThree : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberTwelve : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeaufortNumberTwo : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

-

-  fun BeringSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  -- BiodiversityAttribute is the 

-  -- class of Attributes that describe the level of biodiversity present 

-  -- in a GeographicArea or Ecosystem.

-  fun BiodiversityAttribute : Class ;

-  fun BiodiversityAttribute_Class : SubClass BiodiversityAttribute InternalAttribute ;

-

-  fun BiodiversityConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun BiodiversityIssue : Class ;

-  fun BiodiversityIssue_Class : SubClass BiodiversityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Biome is the class of GeographicAreas 

-  -- representing major kinds of ecological communities, that is, areas in 

-  -- which certain kinds of plants, animals, weather, and terrain interact 

-  -- to produce and support a distinctive ecosystem.

-  fun Biome : Class ;

-  fun Biome_Class : SubClass Biome Ecosystem ;

-

-  fun BlackSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  fun Blizzard : Class ;

-  fun Blizzard_Class : SubClass Blizzard WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- (BorderFn ?AREA1 ?AREA2) denotes the 

-  -- border area where the GeographicAreas ?AREA1 and ?AREA2 meet.

-  fun BorderFn : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun BorealForest : Class ;

-  fun BorealForest_Class : SubClass BorealForest (both Biome Forest) ;

-

-  -- BrownCoal is a soft Coal harder than 

-  -- peat and softer than bituminous coal. Also called lignite, it is 

-  -- brownish in color.

-  fun BrownCoal : Class ;

-  fun BrownCoal_Class : SubClass BrownCoal Coal ;

-

-  -- A Butte is an Upland raised sharply from the 

-  -- surrounding region. Smaller in area than a Mesa.

-  fun Butte : Class ;

-  fun Butte_Class : SubClass Butte (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- A CanalStructure is the constructed 

-  -- framework, including Locks, that contains the waters of a Canal.

-  fun CanalStructure : Class ;

-  fun CanalStructure_Class : SubClass CanalStructure StationaryArtifact ;

-

-  -- CanopiedVegetation describes the 

-  -- density of vegetation in a RainForest or Jungle.

-  fun CanopiedVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- A Canyon is a narrow valley with steep sides, usually 

-  -- created by erosion.

-  fun Canyon : Class ;

-  fun Canyon_Class : SubClass Canyon LandForm ;

-

-  -- A Cape is a piece of land projecting into a body of water.

-  fun Cape : Class ;

-  fun Cape_Class : SubClass Cape LandForm ;

-

-  -- CarbonCycle is the class of 

-  -- GeologicalProcesses in which carbon in various forms is passed 

-  -- between air, water, earth, and the biosphere.

-  fun CarbonCycle : Class ;

-  fun CarbonCycle_Class : SubClass CarbonCycle GeologicalProcess ;

-

-  fun CarbonDioxideEmission : Class ;

-  fun CarbonDioxideEmission_Class : SubClass CarbonDioxideEmission Separating ;

-

-  fun CaribbeanRegion : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun CaribbeanSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  fun CaspianSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- A CaveMatrix is the framework of earth or 

-  -- rock in which a Cave is embedded.

-  fun CaveMatrix : Class ;

-  fun CaveMatrix_Class : SubClass CaveMatrix LandForm ;

-

-  fun CentralAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun CentralAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun CentralEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun CentralSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun ChinookWind : Class ;

-  fun ChinookWind_Class : SubClass ChinookWind WindProcess ;

-

-  -- A mineral that consists of an oxide of

-  -- iron and chromium.

-  fun Chromite : Class ;

-  fun Chromite_Class : SubClass Chromite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

-

-  -- Fine_grained soil consisting of mineral particles, not 

-  -- necessarily clay minerals, that are less than 0.002 mm in their maximum dimension.

-  fun Clay : Class ;

-  fun Clay_Class : SubClass Clay Soil ;

-

-  -- ClearWeather represents a condition 

-  -- in which less than 30% of the sky is covered with clouds.

-  fun ClearWeather : Class ;

-  fun ClearWeather_Class : SubClass ClearWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- A Cliff is any high, very_steep_to_perpendicular 

-  -- or overhanging face of rock or earth, a precipice.

-  fun Cliff : Class ;

-  fun Cliff_Class : SubClass Cliff SlopedArea ;

-

-  fun ClimateChangeConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun ClimateChangeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun ClimateChange_KyotoProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- &ClimateZone is a subclass of GeographicArea in which regions 

-  -- are classified according to their long_term weather conditions. 

-  -- The subclasses of ClimateZone are based on the Koeppen Climate 

-  -- Classification system. In the Koeppen system, climate zones are 

-  -- distinguished based on temperatures and rainfall.

-  fun ClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun ClimateZone_Class : SubClass ClimateZone GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Coal is a black or brownish black solid combustible 

-  -- substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter without 

-  -- free access of air and under the influence of moisture and often increased 

-  -- pressure and temperature. Coal is a sedimentary rock containing a high 

-  -- proportion of carbon.

-  fun Coal : Class ;

-  fun Coal_Class : SubClass Coal (both FossilFuel (both Mineral Rock)) ;

-

-  fun CoastalDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun CoastalFlooding : Class ;

-  fun CoastalFlooding_Class : SubClass CoastalFlooding Flooding ;

-

-  fun CoastalMarinePollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- CoastalPlain is the class of broad plains 

-  -- areas adjacent to a Sea or Ocean. A coastal plain includes a narrower 

-  -- ShoreArea adjacent to a body of water.

-  fun CoastalPlain : Class ;

-  fun CoastalPlain_Class : SubClass CoastalPlain Plain ;

-

-  -- ColdClimateZone is the subclass 

-  -- of ClimateZone that is characterized by a warmest month with average 

-  -- temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius and a coldest month with 

-  -- average temperature less than _3 degrees Celsius. This is 

-  -- Koeppen climate system Type D.

-  fun ColdClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun ColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  -- ColdDampClimateZone is the 

-  -- subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having more 

-  -- than 30 mm of precipitation in the driest month. This is subtype 

-  -- 'Df' in the Koeppen climate system.

-  fun ColdDampClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun ColdDampClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdDampClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

-

-  -- ColdFront is the class of transitional 

-  -- weather processes occurring between a cold air mass that is advancing 

-  -- upon a warm air mass.

-  fun ColdFront : Class ;

-  fun ColdFront_Class : SubClass ColdFront WeatherFront ;

-

-  -- ContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is 

-  -- characterized by cold winters and hot summers.

-  fun ContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun ContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass ContinentalClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

-  -- ContinentalMargin is class of 

-  -- SubmergedLandAreas that are the extension of land underwater at 

-  -- the edge of a continent, before a drop to the sea floor. A 

-  -- ContinentalMargin includes the ContinentalShelf and the 

-  -- continental break, slope, or rise at the outer edge.

-  fun ContinentalMargin : Class ;

-  fun ContinentalMargin_Class : SubClass ContinentalMargin SubmergedLandArea ;

-

-  -- A ContinentalShelf is a natural 

-  -- undersea extension of land around a Continent. The shelf is a 

-  -- gently sloped (average less than one percent) plain that is an extension 

-  -- of the CoastalPlain found off the coast of most continents.

-  fun ContinentalShelf : Class ;

-  fun ContinentalShelf_Class : SubClass ContinentalShelf SubmergedLandArea ;

-

-  -- Corals are gastrovascular marine cnidarians (phylum 

-  -- Cnidaria, class Anthozoa) existing as small anemone_like polyps, typically 

-  -- forming colonies of many individuals. The group includes the important 

-  -- reef builders known as hermatypic corals, found in tropical oceans, and 

-  -- belonging to the subclass Zoantharia of order Scleractinia (formerly 

-  -- Madreporaria). The hermatypic corals obtain much of their nutrient 

-  -- requirement from symbiotic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae, and so 

-  -- are dependent upon growing in sunlight. As a result, these corals are 

-  -- usually found not far beneath the surface, although in clear waters corals 

-  -- can grow at depths of 60 m (200 ft). Corals breed by spawning, with all 

-  -- corals of the same species in a region releasing gametes simultaneously 

-  -- over a period of one to several nights around a full moon. (from Wikipedia)

-  fun Coral : Class ;

-  fun Coral_Class : SubClass Coral Invertebrate ;

-

-  -- CoralReef is the subclass of Reefs that are 

-  -- formed from living organisms that produce the limestone formations of the 

-  -- reef. Coral reefs include fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and Atolls.

-  fun CoralReef : Class ;

-  fun CoralReef_Class : SubClass CoralReef Reef ;

-

-  fun CoralReefDecayIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- A Cove is a small part of a body of water that 

-  -- reaches into a coast.

-  fun Cove : Class ;

-  fun Cove_Class : SubClass Cove Inlet ;

-

-  -- Crosswind is the relative attribute of a 

-  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to a lateral 

-  -- side of the object.

-  fun Crosswind : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- CyclonicStorm is the class of 

-  -- LowPressureWeatherSystems that involve a low pressure area 

-  -- surrounded by rapidly rotating winds, with the whole system 

-  -- typically moving forward at 20_30 mph.

-  fun CyclonicStorm : Class ;

-  fun CyclonicStorm_Class : SubClass CyclonicStorm (both LowPressureWeatherSystem Windstorm) ;

-

-  -- DDT (dichoro_diphenyl_trichloro_ethane) 

-  -- is a highly toxic insecticide also harmful to most other animal 

-  -- species. DDT was banned in the UnitedStates in 1972.

-  fun DDT : Class ;

-  fun DDT_Class : SubClass DDT CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  -- (DatumFn ?place) denotes the point of MLLW (Mean Lower Low 

-  -- Water) used as the initial data point for a coastal or WaterArea given on a nautical 

-  -- chart. High and low tides are calculated with reference to this point.

-  fun DatumFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind LengthMeasure ;

-

-  fun DeadSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- Defoliant is the class of substances 

-  -- that are used to make plants lose their leaves, typically used 

-  -- in agriculture or warfare. Defoliants may have detrimental 

-  -- environmental side effects.

-  fun Defoliant : Class ;

-  fun Defoliant_Class : SubClass Defoliant PureSubstance ;

-

-  fun Deforestation : Class ;

-  fun Deforestation_Class : SubClass Deforestation (both ForestDamage Removing) ;

-

-  fun DeforestationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- A Delta is a LandForm composed of silt or other 

-  -- alluvium, deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream as it enters 

-  -- a body of relatively static water. Typically a delta is flat and fan_shaped.

-  fun Delta : Class ;

-  fun Delta_Class : SubClass Delta LandForm ;

-

-  -- DenseVegetation describes the 

-  -- density of vegetation in a Forest.

-  fun DenseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- Desert is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

-  -- arid regions having sparse or no vegetation.

-  fun Desert : Class ;

-  fun Desert_Class : SubClass Desert LandArea ;

-

-  -- DesertClimateZone 

-  -- is the class of AridClimateZones characterized by 

-  -- sparse, desert vegetation. Koeppen system 'BW'.

-  fun DesertClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun DesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass DesertClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

-

-  -- Desertification represents the 

-  -- Process by which desert conditions are spread over an area.

-  fun Desertification : Class ;

-  fun Desertification_Class : SubClass Desertification WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun DesertificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun DesertificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun DipSlipFault : Class ;

-  fun DipSlipFault_Class : SubClass DipSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

-

-  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn ?DIRECTION ?AREA) denotes the part 

-  -- of GeographicArea ?AREA that lies in ?DIRECTION from the 

-  -- geographic center of ?AREA. For example, 

-  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn Iraq North) denotes the Northern 

-  -- part of Iraq. Such subregions are defined purely by geographical 

-  -- points of reference, not by sociological ones. For example, 

-  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica South) denotes 

-  -- the Southern half of the United States, it does not denote the 

-  -- American South as distinguished for historical, literary, or 

-  -- cultural purposes.

-  fun DirectionalSubregionFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun DiseaseConditionsIssue : Class ;

-  fun DiseaseConditionsIssue_Class : SubClass DiseaseConditionsIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- (DocumentFn ?PROP) denotes a class 

-  -- of Text objects that contain the information ?PROP.

-  fun DocumentFn: El Proposition -> Desc Text ;

-

-  -- Downhill is a PositionalAttribute that 

-  -- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

-  -- down a slope from the other.

-  fun Downhill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun Downstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  -- Downwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

-  -- downwind (leeward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

-  -- blowing.

-  fun Downwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun Dredging : Class ;

-  fun Dredging_Class : SubClass Dredging Removing ;

-

-  fun DriftNetFishingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun DriftnetFishing : Class ;

-  fun DriftnetFishing_Class : SubClass DriftnetFishing Fishing ;

-

-  -- Drought is the subclass of WeatherProcess 

-  -- that represents long periods without precipitation, which is damaging 

-  -- to crops, livestock, and human life.

-  fun Drought : Class ;

-  fun Drought_Class : SubClass Drought WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun DroughtIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- DryWinterColdClimateZone 

-  -- is a subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having 

-  -- at least ten times as much precipitation in the wettest summer month 

-  -- as in the driest winter month. This is Koeppen climate system subtype 

-  -- 'Dw'.

-  fun DryWinterColdClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun DryWinterColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass DryWinterColdClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

-

-  fun DustStorm : Class ;

-  fun DustStorm_Class : SubClass DustStorm WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- An EarthTremor is an individual seismic 

-  -- event in which the earth shakes due to release of seismic pressures.

-  fun EarthTremor : Class ;

-  fun EarthTremor_Class : SubClass EarthTremor (both GeologicalProcess Tremor) ;

-

-  -- Earthquake is the class of events in 

-  -- which the earth shakes while its layers readjust due to tensional 

-  -- stresses in the surface of the earth. A single earthquake may consist 

-  -- of one or more EarthTremors.

-  fun Earthquake : Class ;

-  fun Earthquake_Class : SubClass Earthquake GeologicalProcess ;

-

-  -- EarthsAtmosphere is the layer of gases, a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen,

-  -- surrounding PlanetEarth. See also Air.

-  fun EarthsAtmosphere : Ind Atmosphere ;

-

-  -- EarthsMoon is the Moon of PlanetEarth.

-  fun EarthsMoon : Ind Moon ;

-

-  fun EasternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun EasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun EasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- The half of the Earth that includes Europe, 

-  -- Asia, Africa, and Australia.

-  fun EasternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-  fun EasternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Ecosystem is a subclass of GeographicAreas considered together with

-  -- their organisms and environment as a functioning whole.

-  fun Ecosystem : Class ;

-  fun Ecosystem_Class : SubClass Ecosystem GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Effluent is a Substance 

-  -- that generically covers any waste matter that is released into 

-  -- the environment, including sewage and industrial pollutants.

-  fun Effluent : Class ;

-  fun Effluent_Class : SubClass Effluent Substance ;

-

-  fun ElNino : Class ;

-  fun ElNino_Class : SubClass ElNino WeatherSeason ;

-

-  -- (ElevationHighPointFn ?AREA) 

-  -- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

-  -- highest elevation.

-  fun ElevationHighPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- (ElevationLowPointFn ?AREA) 

-  -- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

-  -- lowest elevation.

-  fun ElevationLowPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-

-  fun EndangeredMarineWildlifeIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

-

-  -- EndangeredSpecies is the 

-  -- subclass of Organism that includes plants and animals that 

-  -- are in danger of extinction from destruction of individuals 

-  -- or of habitat.

-  fun EndangeredSpecies : Class ;

-  fun EndangeredSpecies_Class : SubClass EndangeredSpecies Organism ;

-

-  fun EndangeredSpeciesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun EndangeredSpeciesIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

-

-  fun EnvironmentalIssue : Class ;

-  fun EnvironmentalIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalIssue AreaOfConcern ;

-

-  fun EnvironmentalModificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue : Class ;

-  fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalWaterIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Erosion is a wearing process on 

-  -- LandForms by wind, running water, ice, heat, and other processes, 

-  -- in which rock and soil material are removed from one area and 

-  -- deposited elsewhere.

-  fun Erosion : Class ;

-  fun Erosion_Class : SubClass Erosion (both GeologicalProcess Removing) ;

-

-  -- Estuary is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

-  -- represents WaterAreas where a sea or ocean Tide meets a River 

-  -- current.

-  fun Estuary : Class ;

-  fun Estuary_Class : SubClass Estuary (both BodyOfWater (both Inlet SaltWaterArea)) ;

-

-  -- ExclusiveFishingZone is the 

-  -- subclass of MaritimeClaimArea including offshore areas over which a 

-  -- nation claims exclusive jurisdiction only for fishing purposes (cf. 

-  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone). Zone widths vary up to 200 miles 

-  -- (NM).

-  fun ExclusiveFishingZone : Class ;

-  fun ExclusiveFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExclusiveFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- (ExclusiveFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

-  -- ExclusiveFishingZone that is claimed by the 

-  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-  fun ExclusiveFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExclusiveFishingZone ;

-

-  -- ExtendedFishingZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

-  -- that includes offshore areas over which a nation claims fishing rights, 

-  -- beyond that nation's ExclusiveFishingZone. Zone widths vary, 

-  -- from as little as 12 miles (NM) up to a width of 200 miles (NM).

-  fun ExtendedFishingZone : Class ;

-  fun ExtendedFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExtendedFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- (ExtendedFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

-  -- ExtendedFishingZoneFn that is claimed by the 

-  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY, beyond its ExclusiveFishingZone.

-  fun ExtendedFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExtendedFishingZone ;

-

-  fun Famine : Class ;

-  fun Famine_Class : SubClass Famine SocialInteraction ;

-

-  fun FamineIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun FarmingPracticesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Fathom is a UnitOfMeasure used for measuring 

-  -- water depth. One fathom is equal to six feet.

-  fun Fathom : Ind UnitOfLength ;

-

-  -- FertileTerrain describes an area 

-  -- that has the type of soil and climate conditions needed to produce 

-  -- good quality crops.

-  fun FertileTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  -- Fire is the subclass of Combustion events in 

-  -- which flames are present. Fires are slower combustion processes than 

-  -- explosions, though some fires may include explosive episodes.

-  fun Fire : Class ;

-  fun Fire_Class : SubClass Fire Combustion ;

-

-  fun FishStockDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Fishing is the class of Processes in which 

-  -- Fish are hunted.

-  fun Fishing : Class ;

-  fun Fishing_Class : SubClass Fishing Hunting ;

-

-  fun FlashFlooding : Class ;

-  fun FlashFlooding_Class : SubClass FlashFlooding Flooding ;

-

-  -- FlatTerrain is a TerrainAttribute 

-  -- describing regions within which there is very little variation in 

-  -- altitude.

-  fun FlatTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  fun Flooding_WeatherProcess : SubClass Flooding WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- (FlowFn ?FLUID) denotes the Motion process

-  -- associated with the constitutive pieces of the FlowRegion ?FLUID.

-  fun FlowFn : El FlowRegion -> Ind Motion ;

-

-  -- (FlowRegionFn ?FLOW) denotes the region 

-  -- in which the coherent LiquidMotion process ?FLOW is occurring.

-  fun FlowRegionFn : El LiquidMotion -> Ind Region ;

-

-  fun FlowRegion_Region : SubClass FlowRegion Region ;

-

-  fun Fogging : Class ;

-  fun Fogging_Class : SubClass Fogging WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Forest is the class of large LandAreas that 

-  -- are covered by trees and associated undergrowth, either growing wild or 

-  -- managed for the purpose of timber production.

-  fun Forest : Class ;

-  fun Forest_Class : SubClass Forest LandArea ;

-

-  fun ForestDamage : Class ;

-  fun ForestDamage_Class : SubClass ForestDamage Damaging ;

-

-  fun ForestDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun ForestFire : Class ;

-  fun ForestFire_Class : SubClass ForestFire (both Combustion ForestDamage) ;

-

-  fun FragileEcosystemIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

-

-  fun FreezingRain : Class ;

-  fun FreezingRain_Class : SubClass FreezingRain Precipitation ;

-

-  -- Freshwater is the subclass of Water 

-  -- that has low soluble mineral content. See also PotableWater.

-  fun Freshwater : Class ;

-  fun Freshwater_Class : SubClass Freshwater Water ;

-

-  fun FreshwaterOverutilization : Class ;

-  fun FreshwaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass FreshwaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

-

-  -- (GeographicCenterFn ?REGION) denotes the geographical center 

-  -- of the GeographicArea ?REGION.

-  fun GeographicCenterFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun GeographicRegion : Class ;

-

-  -- GeologicalFault is the subclass of 

-  -- GeographicAreas in which there is a fracture in the Earth's crust 

-  -- and differential movement can occur on the two sides of the fault. 

-  -- Such movement results in EarthTremors and is the cause of 

-  -- Earthquakes.

-  fun GeologicalFault : Class ;

-  fun GeologicalFault_Class : SubClass GeologicalFault GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- GeologicallyStable is a 

-  -- TerrainAttribute of a GeographicArea in which the geological 

-  -- substructure is stable, i.e., there are no active Volcanoes, 

-  -- no major fault lines, no blasting or other destabilizing activity.

-  fun GeologicallyStable : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  fun Ghibli : Class ;

-  fun Ghibli_Class : SubClass Ghibli WindProcess ;

-

-  -- A Glacier is a large body of slow_moving ice. 

-  -- Glaciers displace soil and rock while moving over land surfaces and break 

-  -- apart, forming Icebergs, when they reach the sea.

-  fun Glacier : Class ;

-  fun Glacier_Class : SubClass Glacier LandForm ;

-

-  fun GrassFire : Class ;

-  fun GrassFire_Class : SubClass GrassFire Combustion ;

-

-  -- Grassland is the class of LandAreas 

-  -- where the predominant vegetation is some kind of grass.

-  fun Grassland : Class ;

-  fun Grassland_Class : SubClass Grassland (both Biome LandArea) ;

-

-  -- Gravel is small rounded stones, often mixed with sand.

-  fun Gravel : Class ;

-  fun Gravel_Class : SubClass Gravel Rock ;

-

-  fun GreatSaltLake : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- GreenhouseGas is the subclass of 

-  -- substances that, when present in the atmosphere, trap infrared 

-  -- radiation and cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include 

-  -- carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, 

-  -- and water vapor.

-  fun GreenhouseGas : Class ;

-  fun GreenhouseGas_Class : SubClass GreenhouseGas PureSubstance ;

-

-  fun GreenwichEnglandUK : Ind City ;

-

-  -- GroundCoverVegetation 

-  -- describes the density of uniform low vegetation in a field or meadow.

-  fun GroundCoverVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- Groundwater is the subclass of 

-  -- Water that is found in deposits in the earth.

-  fun Groundwater : Class ;

-  fun Groundwater_Class : SubClass Groundwater Water ;

-

-  fun GroundwaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

-  -- Gulf is the class of extensions of a Sea or 

-  -- Ocean that reach into a land mass or are partially enclosed by a 

-  -- LandArea. A Gulf is typically larger than a Bay.

-  fun Gulf : Class ;

-  fun Gulf_Class : SubClass Gulf (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun GulfOfAden : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun GulfOfMexico : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun GulfOfOman : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- Hailing is a precipitation process 

-  -- in which Water falls in a Solid state with round, hard pellets.

-  fun Hailing : Class ;

-  fun Hailing_Class : SubClass Hailing Precipitation ;

-

-  fun HarmattanWind : Class ;

-  fun HarmattanWind_Class : SubClass HarmattanWind WindProcess ;

-

-  fun HazardousWastesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- Headwind is the relative attribute of a 

-  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the front 

-  -- of the object (FrontFn). A headwind can negatively affect the speed 

-  -- capability of a vehicle.

-  fun Headwind : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  fun HeavyRaining : Class ;

-  fun HeavyRaining_Class : SubClass HeavyRaining Raining ;

-

-  fun HeavySurf : Class ;

-  fun HeavySurf_Class : SubClass HeavySurf (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess) ;

-

-  -- Hemisphere is the class of GeographicAreas 

-  -- that are halves of the Earth, as traditionally divided into the Northern 

-  -- and Southern Hemispheres along the equator and into the Eastern and Western 

-  -- Hemispheres along a north_south line running 20°W and 160°E.

-  fun Hemisphere : Class ;

-  fun Hemisphere_Class : SubClass Hemisphere GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun HighBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

-

-  -- HighPressureWeatherSystem is 

-  -- the class of weather systems characterized by high barometricPressures. 

-  -- High pressure systems typically cause clear weather.

-  fun HighPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

-  fun HighPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass HighPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

-

-  -- HighTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

-  -- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level rises above 

-  -- the mean sea level.

-  fun HighTide : Class ;

-  fun HighTide_Class : SubClass HighTide TidalProcess ;

-

-  -- HigherHighTide is the subclass of 

-  -- HighTide processes that occur in marine waters with a 

-  -- MixedTideProcess.

-  fun HigherHighTide : Class ;

-  fun HigherHighTide_Class : SubClass HigherHighTide HighTide ;

-

-  -- A Hill is a raised part of the earth's surface with 

-  -- sloping sides _ an old mountain which because of erosion has become shorter 

-  -- and more rounded.

-  fun Hill : Class ;

-  fun Hill_Class : SubClass Hill (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- Humus is decaying organic matter found in Soil 

-  -- and derived from dead animal and plant material.

-  fun Humus : Class ;

-  fun Humus_Class : SubClass Humus Mixture ;

-

-  fun Hurricane : Class ;

-  fun Hurricane_Class : SubClass Hurricane (both TropicalCyclone WeatherProcess) ;

-

-  fun HurricaneSeason : Class ;

-  fun HurricaneSeason_Class : SubClass HurricaneSeason WeatherSeason ;

-

-  -- HydropowerWaterArea is the class of WaterAreas with waterflow strength adequate 

-  -- for the production of hydropower.

-  fun HydropowerWaterArea : Class ;

-  fun HydropowerWaterArea_Class : SubClass HydropowerWaterArea WaterArea ;

-

-  -- An Iceberg is a large chunk of ice that has 

-  -- broken off from a glacier and fallen into the sea. The larger part of 

-  -- an Iceberg floats underwater.

-  fun Iceberg : Class ;

-  fun Iceberg_Class : SubClass Iceberg (both SelfConnectedObject Water) ;

-

-  fun Icing : Class ;

-  fun Icing_Class : SubClass Icing (both Freezing WeatherProcess) ;

-

-  fun IllegalWildlifeTradeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun InadequatePotableWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

-  fun InadequateSanitationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- IndianOcean represents the Indian Ocean.

-  fun IndianOcean : Ind Ocean ;

-

-  fun IndigenousPeoplesPreservationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- IndustrialPollution is 

-  -- the subclass of Pollution characterized by pollutants that 

-  -- originate in industrial processes.

-  fun IndustrialPollution : Class ;

-  fun IndustrialPollution_Class : SubClass IndustrialPollution Pollution ;

-

-  fun IndustrialPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- An instance of InlandWaterSystem 

-  -- comprises two or more lakes or rivers, canals, or other waterways that 

-  -- are interconnected.

-  fun InlandWaterSystem : Class ;

-  fun InlandWaterSystem_Class : SubClass InlandWaterSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

-

-  -- Inlet is the class of bays or other recesses 

-  -- into the shore of a lake, sea, or river, includes InletPassages, which 

-  -- are passages leading from open water through some barrier to a bay or 

-  -- lagoon.

-  fun Inlet : Class ;

-  fun Inlet_Class : SubClass Inlet BodyOfWater ;

-

-  -- InletPassage is the class of water 

-  -- passages connecting an area of open water to a bay or lagoon, through 

-  -- some land barrier(s) close on either side.

-  fun InletPassage : Class ;

-  fun InletPassage_Class : SubClass InletPassage Inlet ;

-

-  -- (InnerBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

-  -- inner boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

-  -- outer orientation with respect to another object.

-  fun InnerBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

-

-  -- InternationalAgreement is the 

-  -- subclass of Agreements which are made by and between Nations.

-  fun InternationalAgreement : Class ;

-  fun InternationalAgreement_Class : SubClass InternationalAgreement Agreement ;

-

-  -- InternationalBorder is the 

-  -- subclass of GeographicAreas where the areas of two Nations meet.

-  fun InternationalBorder : Class ;

-  fun InternationalBorder_Class : SubClass InternationalBorder GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun InvasiveSpeciesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- IrrigatedLand is the subclass of 

-  -- LandArea representing land whose water supply is artificially 

-  -- supplied or supplemented.

-  fun IrrigatedLand : Class ;

-  fun IrrigatedLand_Class : SubClass IrrigatedLand LandArea ;

-

-  -- Irrigating is the process of transporting 

-  -- and applying water to crops by artificial means.

-  fun Irrigating : Class ;

-  fun Irrigating_Class : SubClass Irrigating Motion ;

-

-  -- IrrigationChannel is the class of 

-  -- artificially created channels used for transporting water to agricultural 

-  -- fields for Irrigating crops.

-  fun IrrigationChannel : Class ;

-  fun IrrigationChannel_Class : SubClass IrrigationChannel Artifact ;

-

-  -- An Isthmus is a narrow strip of land that 

-  -- connects two larger land masses and is bordered on two sides by water.

-  fun Isthmus : Class ;

-  fun Isthmus_Class : SubClass Isthmus LandArea ;

-

-  -- JetStream is the class of high_velocity 

-  -- AirStreams that blow constantly in the upper atmosphere with constant 

-  -- speed and direction, though their location shifts somewhat. There are 

-  -- four JetStreams in EarthsAtmosphere.

-  fun JetStream : Class ;

-  fun JetStream_Class : SubClass JetStream AirStream ;

-

-  -- Jungle is a subclass of fertile LandAreas 

-  -- that are overgrown with tropical vegetation.

-  fun Jungle : Class ;

-  fun Jungle_Class : SubClass Jungle (both Biome LandArea) ;

-

-  fun Khamsin : Class ;

-  fun Khamsin_Class : SubClass Khamsin Windstorm ;

-

-  -- KnotUnitOfSpeed is a unit for measuring 

-  -- speed. One KnotUnitOfSpeed is equal to one NauticalMile per one 

-  -- HourDuration.

-  fun KnotUnitOfSpeed : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

-

-  fun KokoNor : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- Lake is the subclass of BodyOfWater whose instances are naturally

-  -- occurring static bodies of water surrounded by land.

-  fun Lake : Class ;

-  fun Lake_Class : SubClass Lake StaticWaterArea ;

-

-  fun LakeBakhtegan : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  fun LakeEyre : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  fun LakeMareotis : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- A LakeRegion is a GeographicArea 

-  -- including land surrounding one or more Lakes.

-  fun LakeRegion : Class ;

-  fun LakeRegion_Class : SubClass LakeRegion GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun LakeTorrens : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  fun LakeWalker : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  fun LandClearingIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

-

-  -- A LandForm is the class of geographically and/or geologically 

-  -- distinct areas that occur on Earth's surface, including mountains, hills, plains, valleys, 

-  -- deltas, and features of submerged land areas such as the ocean floor.

-  fun LandForm : Class ;

-  fun LandForm_Class : SubClass LandForm GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun LandSubsidence : Class ;

-  fun LandSubsidence_Class : SubClass LandSubsidence GeologicalProcess ;

-

-  -- LandlockedArea is the class of 

-  -- LandAreas that lack access to an Ocean or to a Waterway 

-  -- providing a link to the ocean.

-  fun LandlockedArea : Class ;

-  fun LandlockedArea_Class : SubClass LandlockedArea LandArea ;

-

-  -- LandlockedWater includes water 

-  -- areas that are surrounded by land, including salt lakes, fresh 

-  -- water lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and (more or less) wetlands.

-  fun LandlockedWater : Class ;

-  fun LandlockedWater_Class : SubClass LandlockedWater BodyOfWater ;

-

-  fun LandminesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun Landslide : Class ;

-  fun Landslide_Class : SubClass Landslide GeologicalProcess ;

-

-  -- LandslideProcess is a subclass 

-  -- of Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of mud, 

-  -- dirt, or rock slides down a slope, by the force of gravity.

-  fun LandslideProcess : Class ;

-  fun LandslideProcess_Class : SubClass LandslideProcess Impelling ;

-

-  -- Latitude is the class of Regions, 

-  -- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are parallels 

-  -- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the Equator.

-  fun Latitude : Class ;

-  fun Latitude_Class : SubClass Latitude Region ;

-

-  -- LatitudeFn is a VariableArityRelation 

-  -- used to denote a parallel of latitude. Examples: 

-  -- (LatitudeFn North (MeasureFn 38 AngularDegree)), (LatitudeFn 

-  -- South (MeasureFn 23 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 30 ArcMinute)), 

-  -- (LatitudeFn South (MeasureFn 60 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) 

-  -- (MeasureFn 0 ArcSecond)), (LatitudeFn North 

-  -- (MeasureFn 42 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 7.89 ArcMinute)).

-  fun LatitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind Region ;

-

-  fun LawOfTheSeaConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- Lichen is the class of complex thallyphytic 

-  -- plants made up of Alga and Fungus growing symbiotically.

-  fun Lichen : Class ;

-  fun Lichen_Class : SubClass Lichen NonFloweringPlant ;

-

-  fun LimitedFreshWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

-  -- LittoralCurrent is the subclass of 

-  -- WaterCurrents that occur near a ShoreArea. Examples include 

-  -- TidalEbb, TidalFlow, and RipCurrents.

-  fun LittoralCurrent : Class ;

-  fun LittoralCurrent_Class : SubClass LittoralCurrent WaterCurrent ;

-

-  -- A LittoralZone is an area along the shore 

-  -- of a large body of water, especially an Ocean or Sea, including the area 

-  -- extending from the high tide mark out to a depth of 200 meters. The littoral 

-  -- zone is of interest for its land features, e.g., slope gradient and soil 

-  -- composition, including features of its SubmergedLandArea.

-  fun LittoralZone : Class ;

-  fun LittoralZone_Class : SubClass LittoralZone GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Type of soil intermediate in texture between clay and sand, 

-  -- consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, gravel, silt, and organic matter.

-  fun Loam : Class ;

-  fun Loam_Class : SubClass Loam Soil ;

-

-  fun Locust : Class ;

-  fun Locust_Class : SubClass Locust Animal ;

-

-  -- Longitude is the class of Regions, 

-  -- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are meridians 

-  -- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the PrimeMeridian through 

-  -- GreenwichEnglandUK.

-  fun Longitude : Class ;

-  fun Longitude_Class : SubClass Longitude Region ;

-

-  -- (LongitudeFn ?DIRECTION @ROW) 

-  -- denotes a meridian of longitude. Note that LongitudeFn is 

-  -- a VariableArityRelation. Examples: 

-  -- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 180 AngularDegree)), (LongitudeFn 

-  -- West (MeasureFn 122 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 24 ArcMinute)), 

-  -- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 121 AngularDegree) 

-  -- (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) (MeasureFn 15 ArcSecond)), 

-  -- (LongitudeFn West (MeasureFn 80 AngularDegree) 

-  -- (MeasureFn 6.78 ArcMinute)).

-  fun LongitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun LossOfHabitatIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun LowBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

-

-  -- LowPressureWeatherSystem is 

-  -- the class of weather systems characterized by low or unstable 

-  -- barometricPressures. Low pressure systems typically introduce 

-  -- unsettled weather, frequently including storms.

-  fun LowPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

-  fun LowPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass LowPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

-

-  -- LowTerrain is terrain in which the slope 

-  -- is less than 3%.

-  fun LowTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  -- LowTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

-  -- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level falls below 

-  -- the mean sea level.

-  fun LowTide : Class ;

-  fun LowTide_Class : SubClass LowTide TidalProcess ;

-

-  -- LowerLowTide is the subclass of LowTide 

-  -- processes that occur in marine waters with a MixedTideProcess.

-  fun LowerLowTide : Class ;

-  fun LowerLowTide_Class : SubClass LowerLowTide LowTide ;

-

-  -- A LowlandArea is a land area lower than the surrounding region, 

-  -- and usually level land.

-  fun LowlandArea : Class ;

-  fun LowlandArea_Class : SubClass LowlandArea LandForm ;

-

-  fun MarineDumpingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun MarineLifeConservationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- A MaritimeClaimArea is a GeographicArea 

-  -- delimited by a geopolitical state's claim, under the LawOfTheSea, of rights 

-  -- to certain resources, activities, or jurisdiction in the claimed area. 

-  -- MaritimeClaimAreas can pertain to WaterAreas, SubmergedLandAreas, and Airspace.

-  fun MaritimeClaimArea : Class ;

-  fun MaritimeClaimArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeClaimArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- (MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

-  -- peripheral zones of maritime control extending outward from the Region 

-  -- ?REGION.

-  fun MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn : El Region -> Ind PerimeterArea ;

-

-  -- MaritimeContiguousZone 

-  -- is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that includes areas over 

-  -- which a geopolitical state may exercise some control of activities 

-  -- beyond the 12_mile zone of its TerritorialSea. In general, 

-  -- the authorized control is for preventing or punishing activities 

-  -- that would violate laws applying within the 12_mile zone (that is, 

-  -- authorization to chase and intercept). According to the LawOfTheSea, 

-  -- a MaritimeContiguousZone may extend up to 24 nautical miles from the coast.

-  fun MaritimeContiguousZone : Class ;

-  fun MaritimeContiguousZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeContiguousZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- (MaritimeContiguousZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeContiguousZone 

-  -- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-  fun MaritimeContiguousZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeContiguousZone ;

-

-  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

-  -- that represents the offshore area that coastal nations can claim for 

-  -- fishing and other uses of the ocean water and seabed found there.

-  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone : Class ;

-  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- (MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

-  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone that is claimed by the 

-  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone ;

-

-  fun MaritimeHazard : Class ;

-  fun MaritimeHazard_Class : SubClass MaritimeHazard LandForm ;

-

-  -- MaritimeShelfArea 

-  -- is a subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that covers SubmergedLandAreas 

-  -- claimed by an adjacent geopolitical area. The LawOfTheSea defines 

-  -- the continental shelf as extending up to 200 miles (NM) offshore and 

-  -- including the resources found therein. The defined claim area does not 

-  -- correspond exactly to a geological ContinentalShelf, but if there is one, 

-  -- the two areas will overlap spatially.

-  fun MaritimeShelfArea : Class ;

-  fun MaritimeShelfArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeShelfArea (both MaritimeClaimArea SubmergedLandArea) ;

-

-  -- (MaritimeShelfAreaFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeShelfArea 

-  -- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-  fun MaritimeShelfAreaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeShelfArea ;

-

-  -- MediterraneanClimateZone 

-  -- is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by 

-  -- mild, cool, wet winters and warm dry summers. Mediterranean shores 

-  -- are the archetype, but the Mediterranean climate is also found elsewhere.

-  fun MediterraneanClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun MediterraneanClimateZone_Class : SubClass MediterraneanClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

-  fun MediterraneanSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  fun MediumBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

-

-  -- A Mesa is a land formation having a relatively flat 

-  -- top and steep rock walls.

-  fun Mesa : Class ;

-  fun Mesa_Class : SubClass Mesa (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- MetallurgicalPlant is the 

-  -- subclass of Organization that includes metal refining and 

-  -- manufacturing plants. Such plants typically release extremely 

-  -- toxic waste which can pollute air and groundwater if not 

-  -- properly treated.

-  fun MetallurgicalPlant : Class ;

-  fun MetallurgicalPlant_Class : SubClass MetallurgicalPlant Organization ;

-

-  fun MiddleAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- MiddleEastRegion is a 

-  -- GeopoliticalArea that comprises countries of Southwestern Asia 

-  -- and (in some definitions) Northwestern Africa. Here this term is 

-  -- defined as in the CIA World Fact Book, in which the Middle East 

-  -- includes: Bahrain, Cyprus, the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Israel, 

-  -- Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United 

-  -- Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.

-  fun MiddleEastRegion : Ind (both GeographicArea GeopoliticalArea) ;

-

-  -- MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone is the subclass of 

-  -- DesertClimateZone characterized by a cool dry climate 

-  -- typical of middle latitude deserts. This is subtype 'BWk' 

-  -- in the Keoppen climate system.

-  fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

-

-  -- MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of 

-  -- TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by cool winters 

-  -- and hot summers.

-  fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  fun MiningPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun Mistral : Class ;

-  fun Mistral_Class : SubClass Mistral WindProcess ;

-

-  -- MixedTideProcess is the subclass of 

-  -- TidalProcesses consisting of daily cycles in which the two low and 

-  -- two high tides are of unequal height. In areas with this kind of 

-  -- pattern, the chart (based on average low water) is determined by the 

-  -- Mean Lower Low Water.

-  fun MixedTideProcess : Class ;

-  fun MixedTideProcess_Class : SubClass MixedTideProcess TidalProcess ;

-

-  fun Monsoon : Class ;

-  fun Monsoon_Class : SubClass Monsoon WeatherSeason ;

-

-  -- MonsoonClimateZone is the class 

-  -- of TropicalClimateZones in which there is a short dry season between 

-  -- rains heavy enough to keep the ground wet all through the year. This 

-  -- is Koeppen climate system subtype 'Aw'.

-  fun MonsoonClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun MonsoonClimateZone_Class : SubClass MonsoonClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

-

-  -- Moon is the class of NaturalSatellites that 

-  -- orbit planets or large asteroids.

-  fun Moon : Class ;

-  fun Moon_Class : SubClass Moon NaturalSatellite ;

-

-  -- A Mountain is a high, rocky LandForm, usually 

-  -- with steep sides and a pointed or rounded top, and higher than a Hill.

-  fun Mountain : Class ;

-  fun Mountain_Class : SubClass Mountain (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- A MountainRange is a row or chain of connected mountains.

-  fun MountainRange : Class ;

-  fun MountainRange_Class : SubClass MountainRange (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- An area of MountainousTerrain 

-  -- is an area of rugged terrain in which there are many mountains.

-  fun MountainousTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  fun Mudflow : Class ;

-  fun Mudflow_Class : SubClass Mudflow Landslide ;

-

-  fun Mudslide : Class ;

-  fun Mudslide_Class : SubClass Mudslide Landslide ;

-

-  -- NaturalGas is a combustible mixture 

-  -- of methane and higher hydrocarbons.

-  fun NaturalGas : Class ;

-  fun NaturalGas_Class : SubClass NaturalGas CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  -- NaturalSatellite is the class of large, 

-  -- naturally occurring astronomical bodies orbiting some other AstronomicalBody.

-  fun NaturalSatellite : Class ;

-  fun NaturalSatellite_Class : SubClass NaturalSatellite Satellite ;

-

-  -- NauticalMile represents the international 

-  -- unit used for measuring distance in sea and air navigation. The unit is 

-  -- based on the length of a minute of arc of a great circle of 

-  -- PlanetEarth.

-  fun NauticalMile : Ind UnitOfLength ;

-

-  fun NormalFault : Class ;

-  fun NormalFault_Class : SubClass NormalFault DipSlipFault ;

-

-  fun NorthAmerica : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

-

-  -- NorthAtlanticOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

-  -- of the AtlanticOcean.

-  fun NorthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-  -- NorthPacificOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

-  -- of the PacificOcean.

-  fun NorthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-  fun NorthSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  -- Northeast represents the compass direction of Northeast.

-  fun Northeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun NorthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun NorthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun NorthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- The half of the Earth that lies above the equator.

-  fun NorthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-  fun NorthernNorthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun NorthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Northwest represents the compass direction of Northwest.

-  fun Northwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-  -- NoxiousSubstance is 

-  -- the class of Substances that are harmful to Humans.

-  fun NoxiousSubstance : Class ;

-  fun NoxiousSubstance_Class : SubClass NoxiousSubstance Substance ;

-

-  fun NuclearEnvironmentalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  fun NuclearPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun NuclearTestBanTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- Oasis is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

-  -- fertile places within a desert, which have water and some vegetation.

-  fun Oasis : Class ;

-  fun Oasis_Class : SubClass Oasis (both Biome LandArea) ;

-

-  -- OccludedFront is the class of complex 

-  -- weather transition processes in which a cold air mass overtakes a warm 

-  -- air mass.

-  fun OccludedFront : Class ;

-  fun OccludedFront_Class : SubClass OccludedFront WeatherFront ;

-

-  -- Ocean is the class containing the oceans 

-  -- that are the major subdivisions of the WorldOcean. According to 

-  -- the International Hydrographic Association, there are five oceans: 

-  -- the AtlanticOcean, PacificOcean, IndianOcean, SouthernOcean, 

-  -- and ArcticOcean. Note: The largest oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific, 

-  -- are subdivided into Northern and Southern regions, but those regions 

-  -- are not separate Oceans.

-  fun Ocean : Class ;

-  fun Ocean_Class : SubClass Ocean (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun Oceania : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

-

-  fun OilPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- OpenSea is the Attribute of a WaterArea 

-  -- that is open ocean beyond five NauticalMiles of land, also known as 

-  -- 'blue water'.

-  fun OpenSea : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- (OuterBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

-  -- outer boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

-  -- outer orientation with respect to another object.

-  fun OuterBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

-

-  -- OvercastWeather represents

-  --  a condition in which more than 70% of the sky is covered 

-  -- with clouds.

-  fun OvercastWeather : Class ;

-  fun OvercastWeather_Class : SubClass OvercastWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Overgrazing is the class of processes 

-  -- in which grazing animals consume vegetation faster than it can regrow.

-  fun Overgrazing : Class ;

-  fun Overgrazing_Class : SubClass Overgrazing Eating ;

-

-  fun OvergrazingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun OverhuntingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun OverpopulationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun OzoneDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun OzoneLayerProtectionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- The OzoneShield is a layer in 

-  -- EarthsAtmosphere, located about 25 miles above Earth's surface, 

-  -- composed of ozone gas that absorbs ultraviolent radiation from 

-  -- the Sun that can be damaging to living things.

-  fun OzoneShield : Ind (both AtmosphericRegion CompoundSubstance) ;

-

-  -- PHValue ('pH') is a UnitOfMeasure 

-  -- used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH 

-  -- scale ranges from 0 to 14. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. 

-  -- Acid solutions have a pH value less than seven. Alkaline solutions 

-  -- have a value greater than seven.

-  fun PHValue : Ind NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

-

-  -- PacificOcean represents the Pacific Ocean.

-  fun PacificOcean : Ind Ocean ;

-

-  -- Pampa is a class of vast, level, typically grassy 

-  -- Plains of land in South America.

-  fun Pampa : Class ;

-  fun Pampa_Class : SubClass Pampa (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-  fun Pampero : Class ;

-  fun Pampero_Class : SubClass Pampero Windstorm ;

-

-  -- PartlyCloudyWeather 

-  -- represents a condition in which between 30% and 70% of the 

-  -- sky is covered with clouds.

-  fun PartlyCloudyWeather : Class ;

-  fun PartlyCloudyWeather_Class : SubClass PartlyCloudyWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- A Peninsula is a piece of land that extends 

-  -- into a body of water and is surrounded on three sides by water. Typically 

-  -- connected by an Isthmus or neck of land that is narrower than its main 

-  -- portion (contrast with Cape).

-  fun Peninsula : Class ;

-  fun Peninsula_Class : SubClass Peninsula LandForm ;

-

-  -- A PerimeterArea is a region that 

-  -- extends outward from a boundary with another region, surrounding or 

-  -- partially surrounding it, but which is not part of that other region. 

-  -- See BorderFn and PerimeterAreaFn.

-  fun PerimeterArea : Class ;

-  fun PerimeterArea_Class : SubClass PerimeterArea Region ;

-

-  -- (PerimeterAreaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

-  -- class including any peripheral zones extending outward from the Region 

-  -- ?REGION.

-  fun PerimeterAreaFn: El Region -> Desc PerimeterArea ;

-

-  fun Permafrost : Ind CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  -- PermanentCropLand is the subclass 

-  -- of LandArea that represents land cultivated for crops that are produced 

-  -- without replanting after every harvest, such as fruit trees, coffee, rubber, 

-  -- nuts, and vineyards. Does not include timberland. Cf. arableLandArea.

-  fun PermanentCropLand : Class ;

-  fun PermanentCropLand_Class : SubClass PermanentCropLand LandArea ;

-

-  fun PersianGulf : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun PesticideIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- PesticidePollution is 

-  -- the subclass of Pollution in which the pollutant is a pesticide.

-  fun PesticidePollution : Class ;

-  fun PesticidePollution_Class : SubClass PesticidePollution Pollution ;

-

-  -- Phospate is a salt or ester of a 

-  -- phosphoric acid.

-  fun Phosphate : Class ;

-  fun Phosphate_Class : SubClass Phosphate CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  -- A Piedmont is a LandArea at the foot of mountains.

-  fun Piedmont : Class ;

-  fun Piedmont_Class : SubClass Piedmont LandArea ;

-

-  -- Pines are coniferous BotanicalTrees of the 

-  -- genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They are evergreens, with needle_

-  -- shaped leaves and propagate by dropping pine cones, which contains

-  -- seeds. (from Wikipedia)

-  fun PineTree : Class ;

-  fun PineTree_Class : SubClass PineTree BotanicalTree ;

-

-  -- A Plain is a broad, flat or gently rolling area, 

-  -- usually low in elevation.

-  fun Plain : Class ;

-  fun Plain_Class : SubClass Plain LowlandArea ;

-

-  -- Planet is the class of large 

-  -- NaturalSatellites that revolve around a star.

-  fun Planet : Class ;

-  fun Planet_Class : SubClass Planet NaturalSatellite ;

-

-  fun PlanetEarth : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetJupiter : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetMars : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetMercury : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetNeptune : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetPluto : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetSaturn : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetUranus : Ind Planet ;

-

-  fun PlanetVenus : Ind Planet ;

-

-  -- Planting is the class of processes in 

-  -- which botanical Plants are planted or transplanted, whether as 

-  -- seeds, seedlings, or mature plants.

-  fun Planting : Class ;

-  fun Planting_Class : SubClass Planting Putting ;

-

-  -- A Plateau is a flat upland area with one steep 

-  -- face, elevated plain.

-  fun Plateau : Class ;

-  fun Plateau_Class : SubClass Plateau (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-  -- Poaching is the illegal killing 

-  -- of non_human animals.

-  fun Poaching : Class ;

-  fun Poaching_Class : SubClass Poaching Killing ;

-

-  -- PolarClimateZone is a subclass of 

-  -- ClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature less than 

-  -- 10 degrees Celsius in the warmest month. This is Koeppen climate system 

-  -- Type E. No agriculture is supported in polar climates.

-  fun PolarClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun PolarClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  -- PolarTypeFClimateZone is a 

-  -- subclass of PolarClimateZone characterized by having no month in 

-  -- which the temperature rises to 10 degrees Celsius or above.

-  fun PolarTypeFClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun PolarTypeFClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarTypeFClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

-

-  fun PollutedFishStocksIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- Pollution is the contamination of an 

-  -- environment by man_made wastes.

-  fun Pollution : Class ;

-  fun Pollution_Class : SubClass Pollution SocialInteraction ;

-

-  fun PollutionIssue : Class ;

-  fun PollutionIssue_Class : SubClass PollutionIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-  fun PoopoLake : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  fun PopulationMigrationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- PotableWater is the subclass 

-  -- of Water that represents safely drinkable water.

-  fun PotableWater : Class ;

-  fun PotableWater_Class : SubClass PotableWater Freshwater ;

-

-  -- Potash is a Potassium carbonate from 

-  -- wood ashes or a potassium compound.

-  fun Potash : Class ;

-  fun Potash_Class : SubClass Potash CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  fun PowerPlantEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- Prairie is a class of large plains 

-  -- LandAreas with tall grass vegetation.

-  fun Prairie : Class ;

-  fun Prairie_Class : SubClass Prairie (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-  -- RainForest is the subclass of LandAreas 

-  -- that are densely planted with trees.

-  fun RainForest : Class ;

-  fun RainForest_Class : SubClass RainForest (both Biome Forest) ;

-

-  -- Raining is a precipitation process 

-  -- in which water falls in a Liquid state.

-  fun Raining : Class ;

-  fun Raining_Class : SubClass Raining Precipitation ;

-

-  -- Rapids is the class of WaterAreas that are 

-  -- parts of a StreamWaterArea where the currents move swiftly over 

-  -- rocks.

-  fun Rapids : Class ;

-  fun Rapids_Class : SubClass Rapids StreamWaterArea ;

-

-  fun RawSewagePollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  fun RedSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-  -- A Reef is a ridge of rock, coral, or sand at or near 

-  -- the surface of a WaterArea.

-  fun Reef : Class ;

-  fun Reef_Class : SubClass Reef (both LandForm MaritimeHazard) ;

-

-  -- Reforestation is the process of 

-  -- replanting trees on land where they were cut or burned.

-  fun Reforestation : Class ;

-  fun Reforestation_Class : SubClass Reforestation Planting ;

-

-  -- A Reservoir is an artifically made (or 

-  -- artifically enlarged) holding area where water is collected and stored 

-  -- for future use.

-  fun Reservoir : Class ;

-  fun Reservoir_Class : SubClass Reservoir (both Artifact FreshWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- A ReservoirLake is an artifically made 

-  -- (or artifically enlarged) lake used for water collection and storage.

-  fun ReservoirLake : Class ;

-  fun ReservoirLake_Class : SubClass ReservoirLake (both Lake Reservoir) ;

-

-  -- A RichterMagnitude is a measure 

-  -- of the severity of an EarthTremor. For example, 

-  -- (MeasureFn 6.5 RichterMagnitude) denotes the value of 6.5 on the 

-  -- Richter scale.

-  fun RichterMagnitude : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

-

-  -- A RipCurrent is a fast narrow surface current 

-  -- that flows seaward from a ShoreArea.

-  fun RipCurrent : Class ;

-  fun RipCurrent_Class : SubClass RipCurrent LittoralCurrent ;

-

-  -- River is the class of large streams of fresh 

-  -- water flowing through land into a lake, ocean, or other body of water.

-  fun River : Class ;

-  fun River_Class : SubClass River (both BodyOfWater (both FreshWaterArea StreamWaterArea)) ;

-

-  -- A RiverBank is the ShoreArea adjacent to a river.

-  fun RiverBank : Class ;

-  fun RiverBank_Class : SubClass RiverBank (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

-

-  -- RiverMouth is the subclass of WaterAreas 

-  -- that are the outfalls of a river or stream into another body of water.

-  fun RiverMouth : Class ;

-  fun RiverMouth_Class : SubClass RiverMouth (both StreamWaterArea WaterArea) ;

-

-  -- A RiverSystem comprises all the tributary 

-  -- streams and rivers (StreamWaterAreas) that drain along converging 

-  -- paths into the main river of the system, which discharges into a 

-  -- StaticWaterArea.

-  fun RiverSystem : Class ;

-  fun RiverSystem_Class : SubClass RiverSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

-

-  fun Rockslide : Class ;

-  fun Rockslide_Class : SubClass Rockslide Landslide ;

-

-  -- Salination is the class of processes 

-  -- in which either Freshwater or Topsoil becomes imbued with 

-  -- SodiumChloride from sea water or from the evaporation of irrigation water.

-  fun Salination : Class ;

-  fun Salination_Class : SubClass Salination Combining ;

-

-  -- A Salt is a chemical substance which is a combination 

-  -- of a metal or a base with an acid.

-  fun Salt : Class ;

-  fun Salt_Class : SubClass Salt CompoundSubstance ;

-

-  -- SaltLake is the class of landlocked 

-  -- bodies of salt water, including those referred to as 'Seas', e.g., 

-  -- the CaspianSea. But note that the MediterraneanSea is a Sea.

-  fun SaltLake : Class ;

-  fun SaltLake_Class : SubClass SaltLake (both LandlockedWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun SaltonSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-  -- Sand is loose fragments of minerals or rocks. Smaller than 

-  -- gravel and larger than silt and clay, sand particles range from 8/10,000 to 8/100 

-  -- inch (0.02 to 2 millimeters) in diameter. Sand is formed by the Erosion of rocks 

-  -- through the action of water, ice, or air.

-  fun Sand : Class ;

-  fun Sand_Class : SubClass Sand Soil ;

-

-  fun Sandstorm : Class ;

-  fun Sandstorm_Class : SubClass Sandstorm WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Sanitation is the class of processes 

-  -- by which human waste and garbage are disposed of.

-  fun Sanitation : Class ;

-  fun Sanitation_Class : SubClass Sanitation Removing ;

-

-  -- Satellite is the collection of bodies that 

-  -- revolve around some astronomical body, e.g., planets around a star. 

-  -- This class includes both artificial and NaturalSatellites.

-  fun Satellite : Class ;

-  fun Satellite_Class : SubClass Satellite AstronomicalBody ;

-

-  -- Savanna is a class of tropical or subtropical 

-  -- Grasslands, typically treeless.

-  fun Savanna : Class ;

-  fun Savanna_Class : SubClass Savanna (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-  -- ScatteredVegetation describes 

-  -- the pattern of vegetation in which plants appear at intervals.

-  fun ScatteredVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- Sea is the class of smaller subdivisions of 

-  -- the WorldOcean, typically partially surrounded by land. However, 

-  -- for inland salt water bodies that are sometimes called 'Sea', see 

-  -- SaltLake.

-  fun Sea : Class ;

-  fun Sea_Class : SubClass Sea (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun SeaIce : Class ;

-  fun SeaIce_Class : SubClass SeaIce Ice ;

-

-  -- SeaLevel designates the global Mean Sea Surface 

-  -- (MSS). Note that SeaLevel represents a GeographicArea that comprises all 

-  -- the local Mean Sea Level (MSL) areas used as references for measuring altitude. 

-  -- In fact, there are local variations in MSL, due to tides and long_ and short_

-  -- term weather conditions.

-  fun SeaLevel : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- SeabedArea is the class of SubmergedLandAreas that are part of 

-  -- the sea floor.

-  fun SeabedArea : Class ;

-  fun SeabedArea_Class : SubClass SeabedArea SubmergedLandArea ;

-

-  -- A Seacoast is the ShoreArea along the 

-  -- margin of an ocean, extending inland approximately 1_3 km from the low 

-  -- water mark.

-  fun Seacoast : Class ;

-  fun Seacoast_Class : SubClass Seacoast (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

-

-  fun SemiaridClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun SemiaridClimateZone_Class : SubClass SemiaridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  fun SevereThunderstorm : Class ;

-  fun SevereThunderstorm_Class : SubClass SevereThunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun SewageDisposal : Class ;

-  fun SewageDisposal_Class : SubClass SewageDisposal Sanitation ;

-

-  fun ShipPollutionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun Shoal : Class ;

-  fun Shoal_Class : SubClass Shoal MaritimeHazard ;

-

-  -- Shoreline is the class of LandAreas that 

-  -- are the edge of a larger land mass abutting a bordering WaterArea.

-  fun Shoreline : Class ;

-  fun Shoreline_Class : SubClass Shoreline LandArea ;

-

-  -- (ShorelineFn ?LAND ?WATER) denotes 

-  -- the Shoreline where the GeographicArea ?LAND borders the 

-  -- WaterArea ?WATER.

-  fun ShorelineFn : El GeographicArea -> El WaterArea -> Ind LandArea ;

-

-  -- (ShortageFn ?TYPE) means that there 

-  -- is a shortage of objects of ?TYPE, which are used as resources.

-  fun ShortageFn: Desc Object -> Ind Entity ;

-

-  -- Shrub is the class of low, perennial, 

-  -- typically multi_stemmed woody plants, called shrubs or bushes.

-  fun Shrub : Class ;

-  fun Shrub_Class : SubClass Shrub FloweringPlant ;

-

-  -- SigningADocument is the class of 

-  -- actions in which an agent affixes a signature, stamp, or other evidence 

-  -- of authorization or attestation to a document. The document and signature 

-  -- may be electronic. Signings count as SocialInteractions even if done in 

-  -- private, because their significance derives from a social context.

-  fun SigningADocument : Class ;

-  fun SigningADocument_Class : SubClass SigningADocument Committing ;

-

-  -- Silt is sand or earth which is carried along by flowing 

-  -- water and deposited at a bend in a river or at a river's opening.

-  fun Silt : Class ;

-  fun Silt_Class : SubClass Silt Soil ;

-

-  -- Siltation is the class of processes 

-  -- in which WaterAreas become filled in with silt or mud, due to 

-  -- soil Erosion.

-  fun Siltation : Class ;

-  fun Siltation_Class : SubClass Siltation Putting ;

-

-  fun SiltationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun Sirocco : Class ;

-  fun Sirocco_Class : SubClass Sirocco WindProcess ;

-

-  -- SlashAndBurnAgriculture 

-  -- is the subclass of Agriculture processes in which land is 

-  -- cleared by cutting and burning trees, and crops are farmed until 

-  -- the soil is depleted, at which point the plot is abandoned to 

-  -- regrowth. This rotational technique is viable only with low 

-  -- populations and infrequent re_use.

-  fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture : Class ;

-  fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture_Class : SubClass SlashAndBurnAgriculture Agriculture ;

-

-  fun Sleeting : Class ;

-  fun Sleeting_Class : SubClass Sleeting Precipitation ;

-

-  -- A SlopedArea is a land surface which lies at 

-  -- an angle to the horizontal so that some points on it are higher than 

-  -- others, a slope.

-  fun SlopedArea : Class ;

-  fun SlopedArea_Class : SubClass SlopedArea LandForm ;

-

-  -- Snowing is a precipitation process 

-  -- in which water falls in a Solid state.

-  fun Snowing : Class ;

-  fun Snowing_Class : SubClass Snowing Precipitation ;

-

-  fun SocialInteractions : Class ;

-

-  -- Soil is a substance composed of fine rock material 

-  -- disintegrated by geological processes, mixed with humus, the organic remains of decomposed vegetation.

-  fun Soil : Class ;

-  fun Soil_Class : SubClass Soil Mixture ;

-

-  -- SoilDegradation is a class of 

-  -- processes in which the productive capacity of soil is lowered by 

-  -- over_fertilization, overuse of pesticides, erosion, or soil 

-  -- compaction.

-  fun SoilDegradation : Class ;

-  fun SoilDegradation_Class : SubClass SoilDegradation SocialInteractions ;

-

-  fun SoilDegradationIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-  -- SoilErosion is the subclass of 

-  -- Erosion in which the matter removed by wind or water is topsoil.

-  fun SoilErosion : Class ;

-  fun SoilErosion_Class : SubClass SoilErosion Erosion ;

-

-  fun SoilErosionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-  fun SoilExhaustionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-  fun SoilPollutionIssue : Ind (both PollutionIssue SoilQualityIssue) ;

-

-  fun SoilQualityIssue : Class ;

-  fun SoilQualityIssue_Class : SubClass SoilQualityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun SoilSalination : Class ;

-  fun SoilSalination_Class : SubClass SoilSalination Salination ;

-

-  fun SoilSalinityIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-  -- SoilSolution is the liquid component of soils, 

-  -- which is largely water containing a number of mineral substances in solution, 

-  -- as well as comparatively large amounts of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide.

-  fun SoilSolution : Class ;

-  fun SoilSolution_Class : SubClass SoilSolution Solution ;

-

-  -- Sol is the nearest Star to PlanetEarth and 

-  -- the focus of its SolarSystem.

-  fun Sol : Ind Star ;

-

-  -- SolarSystem is the class of systems that 

-  -- consist of a star or stars and any encircling astronomical bodies.

-  fun SolarSystem : Class ;

-  fun SolarSystem_Class : SubClass SolarSystem Collection ;

-

-  fun SolidWasteDisposal : Class ;

-  fun SolidWasteDisposal_Class : SubClass SolidWasteDisposal Sanitation ;

-

-  fun SolidWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- A Sound is a long, relatively narrow waterway 

-  -- lying along the shore of a land mass and protected from open water by 

-  -- another land area, an island or group of islands. Some sounds open at 

-  -- both ends into the same body of water (e.g., Long Island Sound), while 

-  -- others connect two different bodies of water (e.g., Melville Sound). 

-  -- A Sound may occur in salt or fresh water bodies. Generally wider than 

-  -- a Strait.

-  fun Sound : Class ;

-  fun Sound_Class : SubClass Sound BodyOfWater ;

-

-  fun SouthAmerica : Ind Continent ;

-

-  -- SouthAtlanticOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

-  -- of the AtlanticOcean.

-  fun SouthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-  -- SouthPacificOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

-  -- of the PacificOcean.

-  fun SouthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-  fun SouthSandwichTrench : Ind Hole ;

-

-  -- Southeast represents the compass direction of Southeast.

-  fun Southeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun SoutheasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun SoutheasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun SouthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun SouthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun SouthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- The half of the Earth that lies below the 

-  -- equator.

-  fun SouthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-  -- SouthernOcean represents the Southern Ocean.

-  fun SouthernOcean : Ind (both Ocean PolarClimateZone) ;

-

-  fun SouthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Southwest represents the compass direction of Southwest.

-  fun Southwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun SouthwesternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun SouthwesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- SparseVegetation describes the 

-  -- pattern of vegetation in an area where there is very little vegetation.

-  fun SparseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  fun Squall : Class ;

-  fun Squall_Class : SubClass Squall WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- SquareKilometer represents a 

-  -- UnitOfMeasure equal to one square kilometer.

-  fun SquareKilometer : Ind UnitOfArea ;

-

-  -- SquareMeter represents a UnitOfMeasure 

-  -- equal to one square Meter.

-  fun SquareMeter : Ind UnitOfArea ;

-

-  -- (SquareUnitFn ?UNIT) denotes the 

-  -- UnitOfMeasure that is the square of the UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT. 

-  -- For example, (SquareUnitFn (KiloFn Meter)) denotes the unit 

-  -- of a square kilometer.

-  fun SquareUnitFn : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;

-

-  -- Star is the class of hot gaseous astronomical bodies.

-  fun Star : Class ;

-  fun Star_Class : SubClass Star AstronomicalBody ;

-

-  -- StationaryFront is the class of 

-  -- boundary areas between two air masses that are stationary, with neither 

-  -- mass presently replacing the other.

-  fun StationaryFront : Class ;

-  fun StationaryFront_Class : SubClass StationaryFront WeatherFront ;

-

-  -- A TerrainAttribute of a region in 

-  -- which there is a wide variation in elevation and slopeGradients 

-  -- of more than 10%.

-  fun SteepTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-  -- Steppe is a subclass of Plain, representing 

-  -- vast, level, treeless areas of land in Asia or SE Europe.

-  fun Steppe : Class ;

-  fun Steppe_Class : SubClass Steppe Plain ;

-

-  -- SteppeClimateZone 

-  -- is the class of AridClimateZones where the dominant 

-  -- vegetation type is grasses, with no trees. Koeppen 

-  -- system 'BS'.

-  fun SteppeClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun SteppeClimateZone_Class : SubClass SteppeClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

-

-  -- A Stone is any small fragment of rock or mineral matter.

-  fun Stone : Class ;

-  fun Stone_Class : SubClass Stone Rock ;

-

-  fun StormSystem : Class ;

-  fun StormSystem_Class : SubClass StormSystem WeatherSystem ;

-

-  -- Strait is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

-  -- consists of narrow water areas connecting two larger bodies of water. 

-  -- Straits are naturally occurring bodies of water.

-  fun Strait : Class ;

-  fun Strait_Class : SubClass Strait BodyOfWater ;

-

-  fun StraitOfHormuz : Ind (both Strait SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- A StreamWaterConfluence is the 

-  -- place where a stream or other tributary joins a river.

-  fun StreamWaterConfluence : Class ;

-  fun StreamWaterConfluence_Class : SubClass StreamWaterConfluence WaterArea ;

-

-  fun StrikeSlipFault : Class ;

-  fun StrikeSlipFault_Class : SubClass StrikeSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

-

-  fun StrongWind : Class ;

-  fun StrongWind_Class : SubClass StrongWind WindProcess ;

-

-  -- SubmergedLandArea is the class of land 

-  -- regions that are located beneath bodies of water.

-  fun SubmergedLandArea : Class ;

-  fun SubmergedLandArea_Class : SubClass SubmergedLandArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- SubtropicalDesertClimateZone is a subclass of DesertClimateZone 

-  -- that is characterized by an average temperature greater than 18 

-  -- degrees Celsius, as well as very low rainfall. This is Koeppen 

-  -- system 'BWh'.

-  fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass SubtropicalDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

-

-  -- SurfaceGroundArea is a subclass of 

-  -- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is solid 

-  -- ground. A SurfaceGroundArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping 

-  -- a larger, continuous GeographicArea but excluding any WaterAreas 

-  -- enclosed therein. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other surface water areas 

-  -- are not part of any SurfaceGroundArea.

-  fun SurfaceGroundArea : Class ;

-  fun SurfaceGroundArea_Class : SubClass SurfaceGroundArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun Swarming : Class ;

-  fun Swarming_Class : SubClass Swarming Motion ;

-

-  -- Tailwind is the relative attribute of a 

-  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the back 

-  -- of the object (BackFn). A tailwind can positively affect the speed 

-  -- capability of a vehicle.

-  fun Tailwind : Ind Attribute ;

-

-  -- Talc is a very soft Mineral that is 

-  -- a basic silicate of magnesium.

-  fun Talc : Class ;

-  fun Talc_Class : SubClass Talc Mineral ;

-

-  -- TemperateClimateZone is the 

-  -- subclass of ClimateZone whose warmest month has an average 

-  -- temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius and whose coolest month 

-  -- has an average temperature between 18 degrees and _3 degrees Celsius. 

-  -- This is Class C in the Koeppen climate system.

-  fun TemperateClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun TemperateClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  fun TemperateHardwoodForest : Class ;

-  fun TemperateHardwoodForest_Class : SubClass TemperateHardwoodForest (both Biome Forest) ;

-

-  fun TemperateRainForest : Class ;

-  fun TemperateRainForest_Class : SubClass TemperateRainForest (both RainForest TemperateHardwoodForest) ;

-

-  -- TemperateSummerDryClimateZone is the subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

-  -- that is characterized by dry summers, and in which the wettest winter month 

-  -- has at least three times the moisture of the driest summer month. The 

-  -- driest month has less than an average of 30 mm of precipitation. Koeppen 

-  -- climate system type 'Cs'.

-  fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateSummerDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

-  -- TemperateWinterDryClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

-  -- characterized by having at least 10 times as much precipitation in the 

-  -- wettest summer month as in the driest winter month. Koeppen climate 

-  -- system type 'Cw'.

-  fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateWinterDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

-  -- TerrainAttribute is a class of 

-  -- Attributes that describe terrain.

-  fun TerrainAttribute : Class ;

-  fun TerrainAttribute_Class : SubClass TerrainAttribute InternalAttribute ;

-

-  -- TerritorialSea is the class 

-  -- of contiguous waters over which a GeopoliticalArea claims 

-  -- jurisdiction in accordance with the United Nations Convention 

-  -- on the LawOfTheSea (LOS), Part II. A territorial sea may be

-  -- up to 12 miles (NauticalMiles) in breadth. A subclass of 

-  -- MaritimeClaimArea.

-  fun TerritorialSea : Class ;

-  fun TerritorialSea_Class : SubClass TerritorialSea (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  -- (TerritorialSeaFn ?POLITY) denotes 

-  -- the TerritorialSea that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-  fun TerritorialSeaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind TerritorialSea ;

-

-  fun ThrustFault : Class ;

-  fun ThrustFault_Class : SubClass ThrustFault DipSlipFault ;

-

-  fun Thunderstorm : Class ;

-  fun Thunderstorm_Class : SubClass Thunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- A TidalBore is an unusally high, fast tidal 

-  -- inflow from the sea, resulting from a high volume of water rushing from 

-  -- a wide_mouthed bay or Estuary into narrower landward areas.

-  fun TidalBore : Class ;

-  fun TidalBore_Class : SubClass TidalBore LittoralCurrent ;

-

-  -- TidalEbb is the subclass of WaterCurrents that are temporary and variable,

-  -- but regular, currents of ocean water flowing seaward up to and during 

-  -- the time of low tide. Alternating with TidalFlow.

-  fun TidalEbb : Class ;

-  fun TidalEbb_Class : SubClass TidalEbb LittoralCurrent ;

-

-  -- TidalFlow is the subclass of WaterCurrents 

-  -- that are temporary and variable, but regular, currents of ocean water 

-  -- flowing landward up to and during the time of high tide. Alternating 

-  -- with TidalEbb.

-  fun TidalFlow : Class ;

-  fun TidalFlow_Class : SubClass TidalFlow LittoralCurrent ;

-

-  -- TidalProcess is the class of daily 

-  -- recurring events in which the water level in a BodyOfWater rises 

-  -- and falls with the changing position between Earth and the Moon.

-  fun TidalProcess : Class ;

-  fun TidalProcess_Class : SubClass TidalProcess InternalChange ;

-

-  -- A Tide is a vertical movement of the water level 

-  -- in a BodyOfWater due to the gravitational attraction between Earth and 

-  -- the moon. Tides are diurnally recurrent events. In most regions with 

-  -- tides, every day there are two high tides and two low tides. MixedTide 

-  -- represents a process in which the tides at either extreme are unequal.

-  fun Tide : Class ;

-  fun Tide_Class : SubClass Tide (both FlowRegion SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-  fun Tornado : Class ;

-  fun Tornado_Class : SubClass Tornado WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun ToxicChemicalPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  fun ToxicWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- TreatyDocument is the subclass of 

-  -- Texts that represent written agreements between Nations.

-  fun TreatyDocument : Class ;

-  fun TreatyDocument_Class : SubClass TreatyDocument Text ;

-

-  -- TropicalClimateZone is a 

-  -- subclass of ClimateZone in which the average temperature of the 

-  -- coldest month is greater than 18 degrees Celsius. This is Class 

-  -- 'A' in the Koeppen climate classification system.

-  fun TropicalClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun TropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass TropicalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-  -- TropicalCyclone is the class of 

-  -- CyclonicStorms that occur in the Tropics and typically have 

-  -- rotational winds of hurricane force (74 mph or higher).

-  fun TropicalCyclone : Class ;

-  fun TropicalCyclone_Class : SubClass TropicalCyclone CyclonicStorm ;

-

-  fun TropicalRainForest : Class ;

-  fun TropicalRainForest_Class : SubClass TropicalRainForest RainForest ;

-

-  fun TropicalTimber83Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun TropicalTimber94Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  -- The Tropics is the region of 

-  -- PlanetEarth that lies between approximately 23 and one half degrees 

-  -- North latitude and 23 and one half degrees South latitude, 

-  -- encircling the globe. 'The Tropics'. See also TropicArea.

-  fun Tropics : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- Tsunami is the class of highly destructive 

-  -- ocean waves caused by offshore seismic processes.

-  fun Tsunami : Class ;

-  fun Tsunami_Class : SubClass Tsunami WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- Tundra is a subclass of flat, treeless Plains 

-  -- areas lying within the ArcticRegion. Subsoil in Tundra is permanently 

-  -- frozen.

-  fun Tundra : Class ;

-  fun Tundra_Class : SubClass Tundra (both ArcticRegion (both Biome Plain)) ;

-

-  -- TundraClimateZone is a subclass of 

-  -- PolarClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature 

-  -- above zero degrees Celsius (but below 10 degrees) in the warmest month. 

-  -- Koeppen subtype 'ET'.

-  fun TundraClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun TundraClimateZone_Class : SubClass TundraClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

-

-  fun Typhoon : Class ;

-  fun Typhoon_Class : SubClass Typhoon TropicalCyclone ;

-

-  fun UVLevelsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- The class of regions located Below the surface of the earth.

-  fun UndergroundArea : Class ;

-  fun UndergroundArea_Class : SubClass UndergroundArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun UnexplodedOrdinanceIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- A UniformPerimeterArea is one 

-  -- that has a defined uniform width.

-  fun UniformPerimeterArea : Class ;

-  fun UniformPerimeterArea_Class : SubClass UniformPerimeterArea PerimeterArea ;

-

-  -- Uphill is a PositionalAttribute that 

-  -- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

-  -- up a slope from the other.

-  fun Uphill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  -- An UplandArea is a LandArea elevated above the surrounding 

-  -- terrain.

-  fun UplandArea : Class ;

-  fun UplandArea_Class : SubClass UplandArea LandForm ;

-

-  fun Upstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  -- Upwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

-  -- upwind (windward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

-  -- blowing.

-  fun Upwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-  fun UrbanizationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- A Valley is an area of low_lying land flanked by 

-  -- higher ground. Valleys typically contain a stream or river flowing along the valley floor.

-  fun Valley : Class ;

-  fun Valley_Class : SubClass Valley (both LandForm LowlandArea) ;

-

-  fun VehicleEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-  -- VehicularPollution is the 

-  -- subclass of Pollution in which the pollutants are vehicle emissions.

-  fun VehicularPollution : Class ;

-  fun VehicularPollution_Class : SubClass VehicularPollution Pollution ;

-

-  -- Veldt is a subclass of Grasslands which have 

-  -- scattered shrubs or trees.

-  fun Veldt : Class ;

-  fun Veldt_Class : SubClass Veldt (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-  -- A VolcanicCone is a hill of lava or 

-  -- pyroclastics surrounding a volcanic vent. Not as high as a 

-  -- VolcanicMountain.

-  fun VolcanicCone : Class ;

-  fun VolcanicCone_Class : SubClass VolcanicCone (both Hill Volcano) ;

-

-  -- VolcanicEruption is the subclass of 

-  -- GeologicalProcesses in which Volcanoes erupt.

-  fun VolcanicEruption : Class ;

-  fun VolcanicEruption_Class : SubClass VolcanicEruption GeologicalProcess ;

-

-  fun VolcanicGasRelease : Class ;

-  fun VolcanicGasRelease_Class : SubClass VolcanicGasRelease VolcanicEruption ;

-

-  -- A VolcanicMountain is a cone_shaped 

-  -- mountain formed out of rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth, 

-  -- frequently with an opening or depression at the top.

-  fun VolcanicMountain : Class ;

-  fun VolcanicMountain_Class : SubClass VolcanicMountain (both Mountain Volcano) ;

-

-  fun VolcanicallyActive : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

-  fun VolcanicallyDormant : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

-  fun VolcanicallyExtinct : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

-  -- A Volcano in the broadest sense, i.e., a region 

-  -- containing a vent through which magmous and/or pyroclastic materials are 

-  -- passed from the interior of the Earth to its surface (atmospheric or 

-  -- underwater).

-  fun Volcano : Class ;

-  fun Volcano_Class : SubClass Volcano LandForm ;

-

-  fun VolcanoStatus : Class ;

-  fun VolcanoStatus_Class : SubClass VolcanoStatus InternalAttribute ;

-

-  -- WarmFront is the class of transitional 

-  -- weather processes occurring between a warm air mass that is advancing 

-  -- upon a cool air mass.

-  fun WarmFront : Class ;

-  fun WarmFront_Class : SubClass WarmFront WeatherFront ;

-

-  fun WaterBorneDiseaseIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- WaterCatchment is the subclass of 

-  -- Artifacts used to capture rainwater or runoff as a source 

-  -- of Freshwater.

-  fun WaterCatchment : Class ;

-  fun WaterCatchment_Class : SubClass WaterCatchment Artifact ;

-

-  -- WaterCurrent is a subclass of FlowRegions 

-  -- consisting of moving water, especially those currents found within a 

-  -- well_identified area and having an established pattern of movement, such 

-  -- as an OceanCurrent, a RipTide, or a River. WaterCurrent is 

-  -- disjoint with StaticWaterArea. As a consequence, Lakes for example 

-  -- cannot be FlowRegions, however, currents may be present in a lake.

-  fun WaterCurrent : Class ;

-  fun WaterCurrent_Class : SubClass WaterCurrent (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;

-

-  fun WaterInfrastructureIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun WaterManagementIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- WaterOnlyArea is a subclass of 

-  -- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is water. 

-  -- A WaterOnlyArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping a larger, 

-  -- continuous GeographicArea but excluding any LandAreas enclosed therein. 

-  -- Dry land areas, including islands, are not part of any WaterOnlyArea.

-  fun WaterOnlyArea : Class ;

-  fun WaterOnlyArea_Class : SubClass WaterOnlyArea GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun WaterOverutilization : Class ;

-  fun WaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass WaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

-

-  -- WaterPollution is the subclass 

-  -- of Pollution processes in which Water is the polluted substance.

-  fun WaterPollution : Class ;

-  fun WaterPollution_Class : SubClass WaterPollution Pollution ;

-

-  fun WaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

-  -- Waterfall is the subclass of StreamWaterAreas where running water 

-  -- falls steeply downhill.

-  fun Waterfall : Class ;

-  fun Waterfall_Class : SubClass Waterfall StreamWaterArea ;

-

-  -- A WatershedDivide is a summit area, or 

-  -- narrow tract of higher ground that constitutes the watershed boundary 

-  -- between two adjacent drainage basins, it divides the surface waters that 

-  -- flow naturally in one direction from those that flow in the opposite 

-  -- direction.

-  fun WatershedDivide : Class ;

-  fun WatershedDivide_Class : SubClass WatershedDivide (both LandArea UplandArea) ;

-

-  fun Waterspout : Class ;

-  fun Waterspout_Class : SubClass Waterspout WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- WeatherFront is the class of weather 

-  -- processes that are involve relationships between two air masses, such 

-  -- as a high pressure weather system or a low pressure system.

-  fun WeatherFront : Class ;

-  fun WeatherFront_Class : SubClass WeatherFront WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- WeatherSeason is the class of seasonal 

-  -- processes that are characterized by various weather patterns. 

-  -- WeatherSeasons may recur on a regular annual basis, on a different 

-  -- pattern, or irregularly.

-  fun WeatherSeason : Class ;

-  fun WeatherSeason_Class : SubClass WeatherSeason WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- WeatherSystem is the class of 

-  -- large_scale atmospheric processes that influence weather in a region 

-  -- for 2_5 days.

-  fun WeatherSystem : Class ;

-  fun WeatherSystem_Class : SubClass WeatherSystem WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun WesternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  fun WesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- The half of the Earth that includes North 

-  -- and South America.

-  fun WesternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-  fun WesternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-  -- WetTropicalClimateZone is 

-  -- the subclass of TropicalClimateZone that is characterized by having 

-  -- no dry months. At least 60 mm of rainfall occur in the driest month. 

-  -- This is subtype 'Af' in the Koeppen climate system.

-  fun WetTropicalClimateZone : Class ;

-  fun WetTropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass WetTropicalClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

-

-  fun WetlandDegradationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  fun WetlandsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun WhalingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-  fun WildlifePoachingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-  -- WindFlow is the class of variable AirStreams 

-  -- that are in the EarthsAtmosphere.

-  fun WindFlow : Class ;

-  fun WindFlow_Class : SubClass WindFlow AirStream ;

-

-  fun WindProcess : Class ;

-  fun WindProcess_Class : SubClass WindProcess WeatherProcess ;

-

-  fun Windstorm : Class ;

-  fun Windstorm_Class : SubClass Windstorm WindProcess ;

-

-  -- The WorldOcean is the collective mass of 

-  -- sea water that covers 70% of the surface of PlanetEarth, surrounding 

-  -- all of its dry land areas. Earth's individual Oceans are parts of 

-  -- the WorldOcean.

-  fun WorldOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-  fun Zud : Class ;

-  fun Zud_Class : SubClass Zud WeatherProcess ;

-

-  -- (airTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the temperature of the 

-  -- air at ?AREA is ?TEMP. Temperature may be expressed in units of 

-  -- TemperatureMeasure, including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, 

-  -- among others.

-  fun airTemperature : El Object -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (arableLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

-  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under 

-  -- cultivation with crops that are replanted after each harvest. ?AMOUNT 

-  -- may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

-  -- Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

-  fun arableLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (averagePrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means 

-  -- that at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

-  -- ?PERIOD, the average daily precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

-  fun averagePrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (averageRainfallForPeriod ?AREA ?MO ?AMOUNT)

-  -- means that ?AREA receives ?AMOUNT of rain in month ?MO in an average

-  -- year. Note that ?AMOUNT is a linear measure indicating the depth of water that

-  -- would accumulate over ?AREA if all water were captured.

-  fun averageRainfallForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El Month -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (averageTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

-  -- ?PERIOD, the average daily temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature 

-  -- may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, including 

-  -- CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-  fun averageTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (bioindicatorForHabitat ?AREA ?SPECIES) means that the health 

-  -- of the individuals in ?SPECIES indicates the condition of their 

-  -- habitat in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

-  fun bioindicatorForHabitat: El GeographicArea -> Desc OrganicObject -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (claimedTerritory ?AREA ?POLITY) 

-  -- means that some right over the GeographicArea ?AREA is claimed by 

-  -- the Agent or GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY. If two politically independent 

-  -- states or agents claim the same area, that area is a 'disputed 

-  -- territory'.

-  fun claimedTerritory : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (climateTypeInArea ?TYPE ?REGION) 

-  -- means that all or part of the GeographicArea ?REGION is of the 

-  -- ClimateZone ?TYPE.

-  fun climateTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc ClimateZone -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

-  -- means that in the Region ?AREA, the fraction ?AMOUNT of the sky is 

-  -- covered with clouds.

-  fun cloudCoverFraction : El Region -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (coldSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cold season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-  fun coldSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (connectedDownstream ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 

-  -- means that ?OBJ1 is connected, remotely or immediately, with ?OBJ2 along 

-  -- a directed system such as a RiverSystem.

-  fun connectedDownstream : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (coolSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cool season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (coolSeasonInArea 

-  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October

-  fun coolSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (courseWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

-  -- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

-  -- the reference point of 000 degrees North as measured by compass on 

-  -- or at ?OBJ1.

-  fun courseWRTCompassNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (courseWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

-  -- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

-  -- the reference point of 000 degrees being the magnetic North pole.

-  fun courseWRTMagneticNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (courseWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

-  -- heading or track from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING, in AngularDegrees, 

-  -- with the reference point of 000 degrees being true North.

-  fun courseWRTTrueNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (dateOpenedForSignature ?PROP ?DATE) means that as of a date 

-  -- indicated by ?DATE, document(s) may officially be signed (by the 

-  -- appropriate agents) to effect commitments to the Agreement ?PROP.

-  fun dateOpenedForSignature: El Proposition -> Desc TimePosition -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (daylightHoursInterval ?PLACE ?DAY ?INTERVAL) means that in the 

-  -- Region ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-  fun daylightHoursInterval: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (daylightHoursTotal ?PLACE ?DAY ?TIME) means that in the Region 

-  -- ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight for a 

-  -- total TimeDuration ?LENGTH.

-  fun daylightHoursTotal: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (dependentGeopoliticalArea 

-  -- ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is a geopolitical possession of the 

-  -- GeopoliticalArea ?AREA2 and is not a geopoliticalSubdivision of 

-  -- ?AREA2. For example, (dependentGeopoliticalArea Guam UnitedStates), 

-  -- because Guam is a territory of the UnitedStates, not one of the fifty 

-  -- U.S. states. Contrast primaryGeopoliticalSubdivision.

-  fun dependentGeopoliticalArea : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (drySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the dry season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (drySeasonInArea 

-  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October)).

-  fun drySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- The altitude of an object

-  -- above the sea level of PlanetEarth

-  fun earthAltitude : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (elevation ?OBJECT ?HEIGHT) means that the 

-  -- physical Object ?OBJECT is located on the surface of PlanetEarth 

-  -- at the vertical distance ?HEIGHT above (or below, for a negative 

-  -- quantity) SeaLevel. ?OBJECT may be a superficialPart of Earth's 

-  -- surface, such as a GeographicArea. Elevation is measured from 

-  -- SeaLevel to the vertical top of the object.

-  fun elevation : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (environmentalProblemTypeInArea ?AREA ?PROBLEM) means that 

-  -- objects or processes of type ?PROBLEM is an environmental 

-  -- problem in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

-  fun environmentalProblemTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

-

-  -- The relation between WaterMotion Processes

-  -- and the region in which they occur continuously over at least hours, but

-  -- typically months or years. A water balloon bursting and flowing downhill

-  -- would not use this relation, because there would be no StreamWaterArea

-  -- to relate to.

-  fun flowCurrent : El WaterMotion -> El WaterArea -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (groundSubsurfaceType ?area ?subsoil) 

-  -- means that the predominant Substance in the subsoil or subsurface layer of 

-  -- the LandArea ?area is of type ?subsoil.

-  fun groundSubsurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (%&groundSurfaceType ?area ?substance) means 

-  -- that the predominant Substance at the ground surface of the LandArea ?area is ?substance.

-  fun groundSurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (headingWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

-  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

-  -- the direction ?DEGREE, according to the compass carried by ?OBJ.

-  fun headingWRTCompassNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (headingWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

-  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

-  -- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to magnetic North.

-  fun headingWRTMagneticNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (headingWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

-  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

-  -- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to true North.

-  fun headingWRTTrueNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (highAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

-  -- blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

-  fun highAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (highAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

-  -- Wind blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED 

-  -- and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

-  fun highAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (highTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- there is a HighTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

-  -- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

-  -- the datum on a standard chart.

-  fun highTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (highestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

-  -- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

-  -- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

-  -- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-  fun highestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (hotSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the hot season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (hotSeasonInArea 

-  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

-  fun hotSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (irrigatedLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

-  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has the ?AMOUNT of irrigated land. 

-  -- ?AMOUNT may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

-  fun irrigatedLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (landAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

-  -- that the total area(s) of solid ground within the GeographicArea 

-  -- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of solid ground need 

-  -- not be continuous within the region.

-  fun landAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (lowAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind blowing 

-  -- between 500_10,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE. Wind speed 

-  -- may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) or as any distance per 

-  -- time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)).

-  fun lowAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (lowAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION) means that the 

-  -- low_altitude Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and comes 

-  -- from the compass point ?DIRECTION. Low_altitude wind is wind blowing 

-  -- between 500_10,000 feet.

-  fun lowAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (lowTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- there is a LowTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

-  -- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

-  -- the datum on a standard chart.

-  fun lowTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (lowestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

-  -- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

-  -- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

-  -- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-  fun lowestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (magneticVariation ?AREA ?DEGREE ?DIRECTION) means that in the 

-  -- GeographicArea ?AREA, the magnetic variation of a compass from 

-  -- 000 degrees true is ?DEGREE AngularDegrees in ?DIRECTION (East 

-  -- or West).

-  fun magneticVariation : El GeographicArea -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (mapOfArea ?AREA ?POINTER) means that a map 

-  -- of the Region ?AREA can be found at the location ?POINTER.

-  fun mapOfArea : El Region -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (maritimeClaimType ?POLITY ?TYPE)

-  -- means that the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY claims rights over a 

-  -- MaritimeClaimArea of ?TYPE.

-  fun maritimeClaimType: El GeopoliticalArea -> Desc MaritimeClaimArea -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (meanSeaLevel ?place ?measure) means that the Mean Sea 

-  -- Level (MSL) at ?place is ?measure. ?measure is a distance representing the sea level 

-  -- at ?place measured against a benchmark (and averaged over a long time). MSL is measured 

-  -- by tide gauges for maritime purposes, while geodesists use the difference between the 

-  -- local sea surface and an ideal level ocean surface (the geoid).

-  fun meanSeaLevel : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (mediumAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

-  -- blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

-  fun mediumAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (mediumAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

-  -- Wind blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of 

-  -- ?SPEED and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

-  fun mediumAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (naturalHazardTypeInArea ?AREA ?TYPE) means that in the 

-  -- GeographicArea ?AREA, Processes of ?TYPE occur with some 

-  -- frequency and may cause damage or danger to human lives and property.

-  fun naturalHazardTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (naturalResourceTypeInArea ?REGION ?TYPE) means that the 

-  -- GeographicArea ?REGION has resources of the kind ?TYPE.

-  fun naturalResourceTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Object -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (objectGeographicCoordinates ?OBJECT ?LAT ?LONG) means that 

-  -- the Object ?OBJECT is found at the geographic coordinates 

-  -- ?LAT and ?LONG.

-  fun objectGeographicCoordinates : El Object -> El Latitude -> El Longitude -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (oppositeDirection ?DIR1 ?DIR2) 

-  -- means that the PositionalAttribute ?DIR1 points in the compass 

-  -- direction opposite to the DirectionalAttribute ?DIR2.

-  fun oppositeDirection : El PositionalAttribute -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (orbits ?SATELLITE ?FOCUS) means that the Object 

-  -- ?SATELLITE revolves around the AstronomicalBody ?FOCUS.

-  fun orbits : El Object -> El AstronomicalBody -> Formula ;

-

-  -- This predicate is used to represent information from the CIA 

-  -- World Fact Book. (otherLandUseArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- in the GeographicArea ?REGION, the ?AMOUNT of land has some 

-  -- use other than planting seasonal or permanent crops. ?AMOUNT may be 

-  -- expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction. See also 

-  -- arableLandArea and permanentLandArea.

-  fun otherLandUseArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (overcastDaysInPeriod ?AREA ?PERIOD ?NUMBER) means that during the 

-  -- time ?PERIOD, the GeographicArea ?AREA experienced ?NUMBER of 

-  -- OvercastWeather days.

-  fun overcastDaysInPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (partyToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) 

-  -- means that the Agent ?AGENT has committed to the agreement ?PROP.

-  fun partyToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (permanentCropLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that the GeographicArea 

-  -- ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under cultivation with crops that are not 

-  -- replanted after each harvest. This includes orchards, vineyards, coffee 

-  -- and rubber plantations. Timberland is excluded. ?AMOUNT may be expressed 

-  -- in physical units or with a percent or fraction. Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

-  fun permanentCropLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (precipitationAmount ?EVENT ?AMOUNT) means that in the 

-  -- Precipitation process ?EVENT, the quantity of precipitation 

-  -- that fell was ?AMOUNT.

-  fun precipitationAmount : El Precipitation -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (precipitationRate ?EVENT ?RATE) means that in the 

-  -- Precipitation ?EVENT, the precipitation falls at a rate 

-  -- of ?RATE.

-  fun precipitationRate : El Precipitation -> El FunctionQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (precipitationState ?EVENT ?STATE) means that in the Precipitation 

-  -- ?EVENT, the stuff falling is in the PhysicalState ?STATE (e.g., 

-  -- Liquid or Solid ice).

-  fun precipitationState : El WeatherProcess -> El PhysicalState -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (rainySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the rainy or wet season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (rainySeasonInArea 

-  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

-  fun rainySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (regionalIssue ?AREA ?ISSUE) means 

-  -- that the AreaOfConcern ?ISSUE is relevant to a problem in the 

-  -- GeographicArea ?AREA.

-  fun regionalIssue : El GeographicArea -> El AreaOfConcern -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (relativeBearing ?OBJ1?OBJ2 ?DEGREES) 

-  -- means that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are separated by the amount ?DEGREES of 

-  -- PlaneAngleMeasure.

-  fun relativeBearing : El Object -> El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (relativeHumidity ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

-  -- means that the amount of moisture in the air at ?AREA is ?AMOUNT. 

-  -- Relative humidity expresses the amount of moisture as a percentage, 

-  -- or ratio, between the actual moisture saturation of the air compared 

-  -- to the potential moisture saturation of the air. At full (potential) 

-  -- saturation, precipitation would occur.

-  fun relativeHumidity : El Object -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (seaSurfaceTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the 

-  -- temperature of the sea surface at ?AREA is ?TEMP. 

-  -- Temperature may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, 

-  -- including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-  fun seaSurfaceTemperature : El WaterArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- The length of the boundary 

-  -- between two GeographicRegions.

-  fun sharedBorderLength : El GeographicRegion -> El GeographicRegion -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (slopeGradient ?AREA ?SLOPE) means that 

-  -- in the LandArea ?AREA there is an incline of ?slope, where ?SLOPE is 

-  -- the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance. slopeGradient 

-  -- gives an approximate value for nonzero slope over ?AREA, without regard 

-  -- to orientation. For example, (slopeGradient ?AREA 0.10) means that 

-  -- there is a 10% incline across the area, without specifying the 

-  -- orientation in which the land rises or falls. Also see 

-  -- slopeGradientTowardsOrientation.

-  fun slopeGradient : El LandArea -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (slopeGradientTowardsOrientation ?AREA ?DIRECTION ?SLOPE) means that 

-  -- in the LandArea ?AREA, there is an incline of ?SLOPE towards the 

-  -- DirectionalAttribute ?DIRECTION. ?SLOPE is a RationalNumber 

-  -- representing the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance.

-  fun slopeGradientTowardsOrientation : El LandArea -> El DirectionalAttribute -> El RationalNumber -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (streamOutfall ?WATER ?RIVER) means that 

-  -- the WaterArea ?MOUTH is the outfall of the River ?RIVER.

-  fun streamOutfall : El WaterArea -> El River -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIRECTION) means that at ?PLACE 

-  -- the wind is coming from the compass point ?DIRECTION. For example, 

-  -- (surfaceWindDirection SanFranciscoBay Northwest) means that the 

-  -- wind in San Francisco Bay is coming from the Northwest. The wind is 

-  -- within 500 feet of Earth's surface.

-  fun surfaceWindDirection : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) 

-  -- means that the speed of the surface Wind at the GeographicArea 

-  -- ?PLACE is ?RATE. Wind speed may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) 

-  -- or as any distance per time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)). 

-  -- Surface wind is found at the surface of the planet, everyday wind. 

-  -- Technically, Winds moving through the atmosphere up to an altitude 

-  -- of 500 feet.

-  fun surfaceWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

-  -- surface Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and is moving 

-  -- toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD. Surface wind is found at the 

-  -- surface of the planet, everyday wind. Technically, Winds moving 

-  -- through the atmosphere up to an altitude of 500 feet.

-  fun surfaceWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (terrainInArea ?AREA ?ATTRIBUTE) 

-  -- means that the GeographicArea ?AREA is or includes a region with 

-  -- the features of TerrainArea ?ATTRIBUTE.

-  fun terrainInArea : El GeographicArea -> El TerrainAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (totalArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- the total area of ?REGION is the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT.

-  fun totalArea : El Region -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (totalBiomass ?PLACE ?MASS) means that the 

-  -- total amount (in weight or volume) of living matter in the Region 

-  -- ?PLACE is ?MASS.

-  fun totalBiomass : El GeographicArea -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (totalCoastline ?AREA ?COASTLENGTH) 

-  -- means that the total length of all boundaries between the GeographicArea 

-  -- ?AREA and the ocean is the LengthMeasure ?COASTLENGTH. The coastline 

-  -- counted may be discontinuous and may even be along different oceans (as 

-  -- in Columbia). A totalCoastline of zero indicates a LandlockedArea. 

-  -- Note that only Ocean coastlines are counted, not any shores with inland 

-  -- waters.

-  fun totalCoastline : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (totalLandBoundary ?REGION ?LENGTH) 

-  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has a total LengthMeasure 

-  -- ?LENGTH of land boundaries between it and other countries. Note that 

-  -- the boundaries included in the total length may be discontinuous, as when 

-  -- interrupted by stretches of Seacoast.

-  fun totalLandBoundary : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (totalPrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

-  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

-  -- the total amount of precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

-  fun totalPrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) means that 

-  -- the Agent ?AGENT has signed a document to begin the process of 

-  -- committing to the Agreement ?PROP, but that a ratification 

-  -- process required to complete the commitment has not yet occurred.

-  fun unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (vegetationType ?area ?type) associates 

-  -- a particular GeographicArea with a type of Plant that is found there.

-  fun vegetationType : El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (vegetationTypePattern ?AREA ?TYPE ?DENSITY) means that in the 

-  -- GeographicArea ?AREA the Plant ?TYPE is found with ?DENSITY.

-  fun vegetationTypePattern: El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (warmSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

-  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the warm season occurs 

-  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-  fun warmSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (waterAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

-  -- that the total area(s) of surface water within the GeographicArea 

-  -- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of water need not be 

-  -- continuous within the region.

-  fun waterAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (waterDepth ?AREA ?LENGTH) means that the 

-  -- depth of water at the Region ?AREA is ?LENGTH.

-  fun waterDepth : El WaterArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-  -- (windRelativePosition ?OBJECT ?POSITION) means that the Wind blows 

-  -- at ?OBJECT from the relative vector ?POSITION. E.g., Crosswind, 

-  -- Headwind, Tailwind.

-  fun windRelativePosition : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

-

-}