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diff --git a/grammars/resource/finnish/MorphoFin.gf b/grammars/resource/finnish/MorphoFin.gf deleted file mode 100644 index 5d0ebc1ee..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/finnish/MorphoFin.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,688 +0,0 @@ ---1 A Simple Finnish Resource Morphology --- --- Aarne Ranta 2002 --- --- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource --- syntax. It moreover contains the most usual inflectional patterns. --- --- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $TypesFin.gf$. - -resource MorphoFin = TypesFin ** open (Predef = Predef), Prelude in { - ---2 Nouns --- - -oper - --- worst-case macro - - mkSubst : Str -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = - \a,vesi,vede,vete,vetta,veteen,vetii,vesii,vesien,vesia,vesiin -> - {s = table { - NCase Sg Nom => vesi ; - NCase Sg Gen => vede + "n" ; - NCase Sg Part => vetta ; - NCase Sg Transl => vede + "ksi" ; - NCase Sg Ess => vete + ("n" + a) ; - NCase Sg Iness => vede + ("ss" + a) ; - NCase Sg Elat => vede + ("st" + a) ; - NCase Sg Illat => veteen ; - NCase Sg Adess => vede + ("ll" + a) ; - NCase Sg Ablat => vede + ("lt" + a) ; - NCase Sg Allat => vede + "lle" ; - - NCase Pl Nom => vede + "t" ; - NCase Pl Gen => vesien ; - NCase Pl Part => vesia ; - NCase Pl Transl => vesii + "ksi" ; - NCase Pl Ess => vetii + ("n" + a) ; - NCase Pl Iness => vesii + ("ss" + a) ; - NCase Pl Elat => vesii + ("st" + a) ; - NCase Pl Illat => vesiin ; - NCase Pl Adess => vesii + ("ll" + a) ; - NCase Pl Ablat => vesii + ("lt" + a) ; - NCase Pl Allat => vesii + "lle" ; - - NPossNom => vete ; - NPossGenPl => Predef.tk 1 vesien ; - NPossTransl Sg => vede + "kse" ; - NPossTransl Pl => vesii + "kse" ; - NPossIllat Sg => Predef.tk 1 veteen ; - NPossIllat Pl => Predef.tk 1 vesiin - } - } ; - --- A user-friendly variant takes existing forms and infers the vowel harmony. - - mkNoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = - \talo,talon,talona,taloa,taloon,taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin -> - mkSubst (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 talona) "a" "a" "ä") - talo (Predef.tk 1 talon) (Predef.tk 2 talona) taloa taloon - (Predef.tk 2 taloina) (Predef.tk 3 taloissa) talojen taloja taloihin ; - --- Here some useful special cases; more will be given in $paradigms.Fin.gf$. --- --- Nouns with partitive "a"/"ä" ; --- to account for grade and vowel alternation, three forms are usually enough --- Examples: "talo", "kukko", "huippu", "koira", "kukka", "syylä",... - - sKukko : (_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \kukko,kukon,kukkoja -> - let { - o = Predef.dp 1 kukko ; - a = Predef.dp 1 kukkoja ; - kukkoj = Predef.tk 1 kukkoja ; - i = Predef.dp 1 kukkoj ; - ifi = ifTok Str i "i" ; - kukkoi = ifi kukkoj (Predef.tk 1 kukkoj) ; - e = Predef.dp 1 kukkoi ; - kukoi = Predef.tk 2 kukon + Predef.dp 1 kukkoi - } - in - mkSubst a - kukko - (Predef.tk 1 kukon) - kukko - (kukko + a) - (kukko + o + "n") - (kukkoi + ifi "" "i") - (kukoi + ifi "" "i") - (ifTok Str e "e" (Predef.tk 1 kukkoi + "ien") (kukkoi + ifi "en" "jen")) - kukkoja - (kukkoi + ifi "in" "ihin") ; - --- The special case with no alternations: the vowel harmony is inferred from the --- last letter - which must be one of "o", "u", "ö", "y". - - sTalo : Str -> CommonNoun = \talo -> - let {a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 talo)} in - sKukko talo (talo + "n") (talo + ("j" + a)) ; - --- Loan words ending in consonants are actually similar to words like --- "malli"/"mallin"/"malleja", with the exception that the "i" is not attached --- to the singular nominative. - - sLinux : Str -> CommonNoun = \linuxia -> - let { - linux = Predef.tk 2 linuxia ; - a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 linuxia) ; - linuxi = linux + "i" - } in - mkSubst a - linux - linuxi - linuxi - (linuxi + a) - (linuxi + "in") - (linux + "ei") - (linux + "ei") - (linux + "ien") - (linux + "eja") - (linux + "eihin") ; - --- Nouns of at least 3 syllables ending with "a" or "ä", like "peruna", "rytinä". - - sPeruna : Str -> CommonNoun = \peruna -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 peruna ; - perun = Predef.tk 1 peruna ; - perunoi = perun + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö" + "i") - } - in - mkSubst a - peruna - peruna - peruna - (peruna + a) - (peruna + a + "n") - perunoi - perunoi - (perunoi + "den") - (perunoi + ("t" + a)) - (perunoi + "hin") ; - --- Surpraisingly, making the test for the partitive, this not only covers --- "rae", "perhe", "savuke", but also "rengas", "lyhyt" (except $Sg Illat$), etc. - - sRae : (_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \rae,rakeena -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 rakeena ; - rakee = Predef.tk 2 rakeena ; - rakei = Predef.tk 1 rakee + "i" ; - raet = rae + (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 rae) "e" "t" []) - } - in - mkSubst a - rae - rakee - rakee - (raet + ("t" + a)) - (rakee + "seen") - rakei - rakei - (rakei + "den") - (rakei + ("t" + a)) - (rakei + "siin") ; - - sSusi : (_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \susi,suden,sutena -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 sutena ; - sude = Predef.tk 1 suden ; - sute = Predef.tk 2 sutena - } - in - mkSubst a - susi - sude - sute - (Predef.tk 1 sute + ("t" + a)) - (sute + "en") - susi - susi - (susi + "en") - (susi + a) - (susi + "in") ; - - sPuu : Str -> CommonNoun = \puu -> - let { - u = Predef.dp 1 puu ; - a = getHarmony u ; - pu = Predef.tk 1 puu ; - pui = pu + "i" - } - in - mkSubst a - puu - puu - puu - (puu + ("t" + a)) - (puu + ("h" + u + "n")) - pui - pui - (pui + "den") - (pui + ("t" + a)) - (pui + "hin") ; - - sSuo : Str -> CommonNoun = \suo -> - let { - o = Predef.dp 1 suo ; - a = getHarmony o ; - soi = Predef.tk 2 suo + (o + "i") - } - in - mkSubst a - suo - suo - suo - (suo + ("t" + a)) - (suo + ("h" + o + "n")) - soi - soi - (soi + "den") - (soi + ("t" + a)) - (soi + "hin") ; - --- Here in fact it is handy to use the partitive form as the only stem. - - sNainen : Str -> CommonNoun = \naista -> - let { - nainen = Predef.tk 3 naista + "nen" ; - nais = Predef.tk 2 naista ; - naise = nais + "e" ; - naisi = nais + "i" ; - a = Predef.dp 1 naista - } - in - mkSubst a - nainen - naise - naise - (nais + ("t" + a)) - (nais + "een") - naisi - naisi - (nais + "ten") - (nais + ("i" + a)) - (nais + "iin") ; - --- The following covers: "tilaus", "kaulin", "paimen", "laidun", "sammal", --- "kyynel" (excep $Sg Iness$ for the last two?). - - sTilaus : (_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \tilaus, tilauksena -> - let { - tilauks = Predef.tk 3 tilauksena ; - tilaukse = tilauks + "e" ; - tilauksi = tilauks + "i" ; - a = Predef.dp 1 tilauksena - } - in - mkSubst a - tilaus - tilaukse - tilaukse - (tilaus + ("t" + a)) - (tilauks + "een") - tilauksi - tilauksi - (tilaus + "ten") - (tilauks + ("i" + a)) - (tilauks + "iin") ; - --- Some words have the three grades ("rakkaus","rakkauden","rakkautena"), which --- are however derivable from the stem. - - sRakkaus : Str -> CommonNoun = \rakkaus -> - let { - rakkau = Predef.tk 1 rakkaus ; - rakkaut = rakkau + "t" ; - rakkaute = rakkau + "te" ; - rakkaude = rakkau + "de" ; - rakkauksi = rakkau + "ksi" ; - u = Predef.dp 1 rakkau ; - a = ifTok Str u "u" "a" "ä" - } - in - mkSubst a - rakkaus - rakkaude - rakkaute - (rakkaut + ("t" + a)) - (rakkaut + "een") - rakkauksi - rakkauksi - (rakkauksi + "en") - (rakkauksi + a) - (rakkauksi + "in") ; - --- The following covers nouns like "nauris" and adjectives like "kallis", "tyyris". - - sNauris : (_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \naurista -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 naurista ; - nauris = Predef.tk 2 naurista ; - nauri = Predef.tk 3 naurista ; - naurii = nauri + "i" - } - in - mkSubst a - nauris - naurii - naurii - (nauris + ("t" + a)) - (naurii + "seen") - naurii - naurii - (naurii + "den") - (naurii + ("t" + a)) - (naurii + "siin") ; - --- The following two are used for adjective comparison. - - sSuurempi : Str -> CommonNoun = \suurempaa -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 suurempaa ; - suure = Predef.tk 4 suurempaa ; - suurempi = suure + "mpi" ; - suurempa = suure + ("mp" + a) ; - suuremm = suure + "mm" - } - in - mkSubst a - suurempi - (suuremm + a) - suurempa - (suurempa + a) - (suurempa + (a + "n")) - suurempi - (suuremm + "i") - (suurempi + "en") - (suurempi + a) - (suurempi + "in") ; - - sSuurin : Str -> CommonNoun = \suurinta -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 suurinta ; - suuri = Predef.tk 3 suurinta ; - suurin = suuri + "n" ; - suurimma = suuri + ("mm" + a) ; - suurimpa = suuri + ("mp" + a) ; - suurimpi = suuri + "mpi" ; - suurimmi = suuri + "mmi" - } - in - mkSubst a - suurin - suurimma - suurimpa - (suurin + ("t" + a)) - (suurimpa + (a + "n")) - suurimpi - suurimmi - (suurimpi + "en") - (suurimpi + a) - (suurimpi + "in") ; - --- This auxiliary resolves vowel harmony from a given letter. - -getHarmony : Str -> Str = \u -> - ifTok Str u "a" "a" ( - ifTok Str u "o" "a" ( - ifTok Str u "u" "a" "ä")) ; - - --- We could use an extension of the following for grade alternation, but we don't; --- in general, *whether there is* grade alternation must be given in the lexicon --- anyway (cf. "auto" - "auton", not "audon"). - - weakGrade : Str -> Str = \kukko -> - let { - ku = Predef.tk 3 kukko ; - kk = Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 3 kukko) ; - o = Predef.dp 1 kukko ; - ifkk = ifTok Str kk ; - k = - ifkk "kk" "k" ( - ifkk "pp" "p" ( - ifkk "tt" "t" ( - ifkk "nt" "nn" ( - ifkk "mp" "mm" ( - ifkk "rt" "rr" ( - ifkk "lt" "ll" ( - kk))))))) - } - in ku + k + o ; - - ---3 Proper names --- --- Proper names are similar to common nouns in the singular. - - mkProperName : CommonNoun -> ProperName = \jussi -> - {s = \\c => jussi.s ! NCase Sg c} ; - ---2 Pronouns --- --- Here we define personal and relative pronouns. - - mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun = - \mina, minun, minua, minuna, minuun, n, p -> - let { - minu = Predef.tk 2 minuna ; - a = Predef.dp 1 minuna - } in - {s = table { - PCase Nom => mina ; - PCase Gen => minun ; - PCase Part => minua ; - PCase Transl => minu + "ksi" ; - PCase Ess => minuna ; - PCase Iness => minu + ("ss" + a) ; - PCase Elat => minu + ("st" + a) ; - PCase Illat => minuun ; - PCase Adess => minu + ("ll" + a) ; - PCase Ablat => minu + ("lt" + a) ; - PCase Allat => minu + "lle" ; - PAcc => Predef.tk 1 minun + "t" - } ; - n = n ; p = p} ; - - pronMina = mkPronoun "minä" "minun" "minua" "minuna" "minuun" Sg P1 ; - pronSina = mkPronoun "sinä" "sinun" "sinua" "sinuna" "sinuun" Sg P2 ; - pronHan = mkPronoun "hän" "hänen" "häntä" "hänenä" "häneen" Sg P3 ; - pronMe = mkPronoun "me" "meidän" "meitä" "meinä" "meihin" Pl P1 ; - pronTe = mkPronoun "te" "teidän" "teitä" "teinä" "teihin" Pl P2 ; - pronHe = mkPronoun "he" "heidän" "heitä" "heinä" "heihin" Pl P3 ; - pronNe = mkPronoun "ne" "niiden" "niitä" "niinä" "niihin" Pl P3 ; - --- The non-human pronoun "se" ('it') is even more irregular, --- Its accusative cases do not --- have a special form with "t", but have the normal genitive/nominative variation. --- We use the type $ProperName$ for "se", because of the accusative but also --- because the person and number are as for proper names. - - pronSe : ProperName = { - s = table { - Nom => "se" ; - Gen => "sen" ; - Part => "sitä" ; - Transl => "siksi" ; - Ess => "sinä" ; - Iness => "siinä" ; - Elat => "siitä" ; - Illat => "siihen" ; - Adess => "sillä" ; - Ablat => "siltä" ; - Allat => "sille" - } ; - } ; - --- The possessive suffixes will be needed in syntax. It will show up --- as a separate word ("auto &+ ni"), which needs unlexing. Unlexing also --- has to fix the vowel harmony in cases like "äiti &+ nsä". - - suff : Str -> Str = \ni -> BIND ++ ni ; - - possSuffix : Number => Person => Str = \\n,p => - suff (case <n,p> of { - <Sg,P1> => "ni" ; - <Sg,P2> => "si" ; - <Sg,P3> => "nsa" ; - <Pl,P1> => "mme" ; - <Pl,P2> => "nne" ; - <Pl,P3> => "nsa" - } ) ; - --- The relative pronoun, "joka", is inflected in case and number, --- like common nouns, but it does not take possessive suffixes. --- The inflextion shows a surprising similarity with "suo". - - relPron : RelPron = - let {jo = sSuo "jo"} in {s = - table { - Sg => table { - Nom => "joka" ; - Gen => "jonka" ; - c => jo.s ! NCase Sg c - } ; - Pl => table { - Nom => "jotka" ; - c => "j" + (jo.s ! NCase Pl c) - } - } - } ; - - mikaInt : Number => Case => Str = - let { - mi = sSuo "mi" - } in - table { - Sg => table { - Nom => "mikä" ; - Gen => "minkä" ; - c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c - } ; - Pl => table { - Nom => "mitkä" ; - Gen => "mittenkä" ; - c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c - } - } ; - - kukaInt : Number => Case => Str = - let { - ku = sRae "kuka" "kenenä" ; - ket = sRae "kuka" "keinä"} in - table { - Sg => table { - Nom => "kuka" ; - Part => "ketä" ; - Illat => "keneen" ; - c => ku.s ! NCase Sg c - } ; - Pl => table { - Nom => "ketkä" ; - Illat => "keihin" ; - c => ket.s ! NCase Pl c - } - } ; - -caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn -> - \\c => cn.s ! NCase n c ; - - ---2 Adjectives --- --- For the comparison of adjectives, three noun declensions --- are needed in the worst case. - - mkAdjDegr : (_,_,_ : CommonNoun) -> AdjDegr = \hyva,parempi,paras -> - {s = table { - Pos => hyva.s ; - Comp => parempi.s ; - Sup => paras.s - } - } ; - --- However, it is usually enough to give the positive declension and --- the characteristic forms of comparative and superlative. - - regAdjDegr : CommonNoun -> Str -> Str -> AdjDegr = \kiva, kivempaa, kivinta -> - mkAdjDegr kiva (sSuurempi kivempaa) (sSuurin kivinta) ; - - ---3 Verbs --- - - mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = - \tulla,tulen,tulee,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan -> - let { - tule = Predef.tk 1 tulen ; - a = Predef.dp 1 tulkaa - } in - {s = table { - Inf => tulla ; - Ind Sg P1 => tulen ; - Ind Sg P2 => tule + "t" ; - Ind Sg P3 => tulee ; - Ind Pl P1 => tule + "mme" ; - Ind Pl P2 => tule + "tte" ; - Ind Pl P3 => tulevat ; - Imper Sg => tule ; - Imper Pl => tulkaa ; - ImpNegPl => Predef.tk 2 tulkaa + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö") ; - Pass True => tullaan ; - Pass False => Predef.tk 2 tullaan - } - } ; - --- For "sanoa", "valua", "kysyä". - - vSanoa : Str -> Verb = \sanoa -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 sanoa ; - sano = Predef.tk 1 sanoa ; - o = Predef.dp 1 sano - } in - mkVerb - sanoa - (sano + "n") - (sano + o) - (sano + (("v" + a) + "t")) - (sano + (("k" + a) + a)) - (sano + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n")) ; - --- For "ottaa", "käyttää", "löytää", "huoltaa", "hiihtää", "siirtää". - - vOttaa : (_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \ottaa,otan -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 ottaa ; - ota = Predef.tk 1 otan ; - otta = Predef.tk 1 ottaa ; - ote = Predef.tk 1 ota + "e" - } in - mkVerb - ottaa - (ota + "n") - ottaa - (otta + (("v" + a) + "t")) - (otta + (("k" + a) + a)) - (ote + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n")) ; - --- For "poistaa", "ryystää". - - vPoistaa : Str -> Verb = \poistaa -> - vOttaa poistaa (Predef.tk 1 poistaa + "n") ; - --- For "juosta", "piestä", "nousta", "rangaista", "kävellä", "surra", "panna". - - vJuosta : (_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \juosta,juoksen -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 juosta ; - juokse = Predef.tk 1 juoksen ; - juos = Predef.tk 2 juosta - } in - mkVerb - juosta - juoksen - (juokse + "e") - (juokse + (("v" + a) + "t")) - (juos + (("k" + a) + a)) - (juosta + (a + "n")) ; - --- For "juoda", "syödä". - - vJuoda : Str -> Verb = \juoda -> - let { - a = Predef.dp 1 juoda ; - juo = Predef.tk 2 juoda - } in - mkVerb - juoda - (juo + "n") - juo - (juo + (("v" + a) + "t")) - (juo + (("k" + a) + a)) - (juoda + (a + "n")) ; - - - verbOlla : Verb = mkVerb "olla" "olen" "on" "ovat" "olkaa" "ollaan" ; - --- The negating operator "ei" is actually a verb, which has present --- active indicative and imperative forms, but no infinitive. - - verbEi : Verb = - let {ei = mkVerb nonExist "en" "ei" "eivät" "älkää" "ei"} in - {s = table { - Ind Pl P3 => "eivät" ; - v => ei.s ! v - } - } ; - - ---2 Some structural words - - kuinConj = "kuin" ; - - conjEtta = "että" ; - advSiten = "siten" ; - - mikakukaInt : Gender => Number => Case => Str = - table { - NonHuman => mikaInt ; - Human => kukaInt - } ; - - kaikkiPron : Case => Str = - let {kaiket = caseTable Pl (sKukko "kaikki" "kaiken" "kaikkia")} in - table { - Nom => "kaikki" ; - c => kaiket ! c - } ; - - stopPunct = "." ; - commaPunct = "," ; - questPunct = "?" ; - exclPunct = "!" ; - - koPart = suff "ko" ; - -} ; |