diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'grammars/resource/nabstract')
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/Combinations.gf | 333 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/PredefAbs.gf | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/ResAbs.gf | 275 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/Structural.gf | 90 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/TestResource.gf | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | grammars/resource/nabstract/additions.txt | 123 |
6 files changed, 0 insertions, 843 deletions
diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/Combinations.gf b/grammars/resource/nabstract/Combinations.gf deleted file mode 100644 index 98c555c8e..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/Combinations.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,333 +0,0 @@ ---1 Abstract Syntax for Multilingual Resource Grammar --- --- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2003 --- --- Although concrete syntax differs a lot between different languages, --- many structures can be treated as common, on the level --- of abstraction that GF provides. --- What we will present in the following is a linguistically oriented abstract --- syntax that has been successfully defined for the following languages: --- ---* $Eng$lish ---* $Fin$nish ---* $Fre$nch ---* $Ger$man ---* $Ita$lian ---* $Rus$sian ---* $Swe$dish --- --- The three-letter prefixes are used in file names all over the resource --- grammar library; we refer to them commonly as $X$ below. ---! --- The grammar has been applied to define language --- fragments on technical or near-to-technical domains: database queries, --- video recorder dialogue systems, software specifications, and a --- health-related phrase book. Each new application helped to identify some --- missing structures in the resource and suggested some additions, but the --- number of them was usually small. --- --- To use the resource in applications, you need the following --- $cat$ and $fun$ rules in $oper$ form, completed by taking the --- $lincat$ and $lin$ judgements of a particular language. This is done --- by using, instead of this module, the $reuse$ module which has the name --- $ResourceX$ - -abstract Combinations = PredefAbs ** { ---! ---2 Categories --- --- The categories of this resource grammar are mostly 'standard' categories --- of linguistics. Their is no claim that they correspond to semantic categories --- definable in type theory: to define such correspondences is the business --- of applications grammars. In general, the correspondence between linguistic --- and semantic categories is many-to-many. --- --- Categories that may look special are $Adj2$, $Fun$, and $TV$. They are all --- instances of endowing another category with a complement, which can be either --- a direct object (whose case may vary) or a prepositional phrase. Prepositional --- phrases that are not complements belong to the category --- $AdV$ of adverbials. --- --- In each group below, some categories are *lexical* in the sense of only --- containing atomic elements. These elements are not necessarily expressed by --- one word in all languages; the essential thing is that they have no --- constituents. Thus they have no productions in this part of the --- resource grammar. The $ParadigmsX$ grammars provide ways of defining --- lexical elements. --- --- Lexical categories are listed before other categories --- in each group and divided by an empty line. - ---! ---3 Nouns and noun phrases --- - -cat - N ; -- simple common noun, e.g. "car" - PN ; -- proper name, e.g. "John", "New York" - Fun ; -- function word, e.g. "mother (of)" - Fun2 ; -- two-place function, e.g. "flight (from) (to)" - - CN ; -- common noun phrase, e.g. "red car", "car that John owns" - NP ; -- noun phrase, e.g. "John", "all cars", "you" - Det ; -- determiner, e.g. "every", "all" - Num ; -- numeral, e.g. "three", "879" - ---! ---3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases --- - - Adj1 ; -- one-place adjective, e.g. "even" - Adj2 ; -- two-place adjective, e.g. "divisible (by)" - AdjDeg ; -- degree adjective, e.g. "big/bigger/biggest" - - AP ; -- adjective phrase, e.g. "divisible by two", "bigger than John" - --- The difference between $Adj1$ and $AdjDeg$ is that the former has no --- comparison forms. - ---! ---3 Verbs and verb phrases --- - - V ; -- one-place verb, e.g. "walk" - TV ; -- two-place verb, e.g. "love", "wait (for)", "switch on" - V3 ; -- three-place verb, e.g. "give", "prefer (stg) (to stg)" - VS ; -- sentence-compl. verb, e.g. "say", "prove" - VV ; -- verb-compl. verb, e.g. "can", "want" - - VG ; -- verbal group, e.g. "switch the light on" - VP ; -- verb phrase, e.g. "switch the light on", "don't run" - ---! ---3 Adverbials --- --- This group has no lexical categories. - - AdV ; -- adverbial e.g. "now", "in the house" - AdA ; -- ad-adjective e.g. "very" - AdS ; -- sentence adverbial e.g. "therefore", "otherwise" - Prep ; -- pre/postposition, case e.g. "after", Adessive - ---! ---3 Sentences and relative clauses --- --- This group has no lexical categories. - - S ; -- sentence, e.g. "John walks" - Slash ; -- sentence without NP, e.g. "John waits for (...)" - RP ; -- relative pronoun, e.g. "which", "the mother of whom" - RC ; -- relative clause, e.g. "who walks", "that I wait for" - ---! ---3 Questions and imperatives --- --- This group has no lexical categories. - - IP ; -- interrogative pronoun, e.g. "who", "whose mother", "which yellow car" - IAdv ; -- interrogative adverb., e.g. "when", "why" - Qu ; -- question, e.g. "who walks" - Imp ; -- imperative, e.g. "walk!" - ---! ---3 Coordination and subordination --- - - Conj ; -- conjunction, e.g. "and" - ConjD ; -- distributed conj. e.g. "both - and" - Subj ; -- subjunction, e.g. "if", "when" - - ListS ; -- list of sentences - ListAP ; -- list of adjectival phrases - ListNP ; -- list of noun phrases - ---! ---3 Complete utterances --- --- This group has no lexical categories. - - Phr ; -- full phrase, e.g. "John walks.","Who walks?", "Wait for me!" - Text ; -- sequence of phrases e.g. "One is odd. Therefore, two is even." - ---! ---2 Rules --- --- This set of rules is minimal, in the sense of defining the simplest combinations --- of categories and not having redundant rules. --- When the resource grammar is used as a library, it will often be useful to --- access it through an intermediate library that defines more rules as --- 'macros' for combinations of the ones below. - ---! ---3 Nouns and noun phrases --- - -fun - UseN : N -> CN ; -- "car" - UsePN : PN -> NP ; -- "John" - UseFun : Fun -> CN ; -- "successor" - UseInt : Int -> Num ; -- "32" --- assumes i > 1 - - ModAdj : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- "red car" - DetNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- "every car" - MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- "wine" - IndefOneNP : CN -> NP ; -- "a car", "cars" - IndefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "houses", "86 houses" - DefOneNP : CN -> NP ; -- "the car" - DefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "the cars", "the 86 cars" - ModGenOne : NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's car" - ModGenMany : Num -> NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's cars", "John's 86 cars" - AppFun : Fun -> NP -> CN ; -- "successor of zero" - AppFun2 : Fun2 -> NP -> Fun ; -- "flight from Paris" - CNthatS : CN -> S -> CN ; -- "idea that the Earth is flat" - NoNum : Num ; -- no numeral modifier - ---! ---3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases --- - - AdjP1 : Adj1 -> AP ; -- "red" - PositAdjP : AdjDeg -> AP ; -- "old" - - ComplAdj : Adj2 -> NP -> AP ; -- "divisible by two" - ComparAdjP : AdjDeg -> NP -> AP ; -- "older than John" - SuperlNP : AdjDeg -> CN -> NP ; -- "the oldest man" - ---! ---3 Verbs and verb phrases --- --- The principal way of forming sentences ($S$) is by combining a noun phrase --- with a verb phrase (the $PredVP$ rule below). In addition to this, verb --- phrases have uses in relative clauses and questions. Verb phrases already --- have (or have not) a negation, but they are formed from verbal groups --- ($VG$), which have both positive and negative forms. - - PredV : V -> VG ; -- "walk", "doesn't walk" - PredPassV : V -> VG ; -- "is seen", "is not seen" - PredTV : TV -> NP -> VG ; -- "sees John", "doesn't see John" - PredVS : VS -> S -> VG ; -- "says that I run", "doesn't say..." - PredVV : VV -> VG -> VG ; -- "can run", "can't run", "tries to run" - PredV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VG ; -- "prefers wine to beer" - - PredNP : NP -> VG ; -- "is John", "is not John" - PredAdV : AdV -> VG ; -- "is everywhere", "is not in France" - PredAP : AP -> VG ; -- "is old", "isn't old" - PredCN : CN -> VG ; -- "is a man", "isn't a man" - VTrans : TV -> V ; -- "loves" - - PosVG,NegVG : VG -> VP ; -- - ---! ---3 Adverbials --- --- Here is how complex adverbials can be formed and used. - - AdjAdv : AP -> AdV ; -- "freely", "more consciously than you" - PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> AdV ; -- "in London", "after the war" - - AdvVP : VP -> AdV -> VP ; -- "always walks", "walks in the park" - AdvCN : CN -> AdV -> CN ; -- "house in London", "house today" - AdvAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- "very good" - ---! ---3 Sentences and relative clauses --- - - PredVP : NP -> VP -> S ; -- "John walks" - PosSlashTV, NegSlashTV : NP -> TV -> Slash ; -- "John sees", "John doesn's see" - OneVP : VP -> S ; -- "one walks" - ThereIsCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a bar" - ThereAreCN : Num -> CN -> S ; -- "there are 86 bars" - - IdRP : RP ; -- "which" - FunRP : Fun -> RP -> RP ; -- "the successor of which" - RelVP : RP -> VP -> RC ; -- "who walks", "who doesn't walk" - RelSlash : RP -> Slash -> RC ; -- "that I wait for"/"for which I wait" - ModRC : CN -> RC -> CN ; -- "man who walks" - RelSuch : S -> RC ; -- "such that it is even" - ---! ---3 Questions and imperatives --- - - WhoOne, WhoMany : IP ; -- "who (is)", "who (are)" - WhatOne, WhatMany : IP ; -- "what (is)", "what (are)" - FunIP : Fun -> IP -> IP ; -- "the mother of whom" - NounIPOne, NounIPMany : CN -> IP ; -- "which car", "which cars" - - QuestVP : NP -> VP -> Qu; -- "does John walk"; "doesn't John walk" - IntVP : IP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "who walks" - IntSlash : IP -> Slash -> Qu ; -- "whom does John see" - QuestAdv : IAdv -> NP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "why do you walk" - IsThereCN : CN -> Qu ; -- "is there a bar" - AreThereCN : Num -> CN -> Qu ; -- "are there (86) bars" - - ImperVP : VP -> Imp ; -- "be a man" - - IndicPhrase : S -> Phr ; -- "I walk." - QuestPhrase : Qu -> Phr ; -- "Do I walk?" - ImperOne, ImperMany : Imp -> Phr ; -- "Be a man!", "Be men!" - - AdvS : AdS -> S -> Phr ; -- "Therefore, 2 is prime." - ---! ---3 Coordination --- --- We consider "n"-ary coordination, with "n" > 1. To this end, we have introduced --- a *list category* $ListX$ for each category $X$ whose expressions we want to --- conjoin. Each list category has two constructors, the base case being $TwoX$. - --- We have not defined coordination of all possible categories here, --- since it can be tricky in many languages. For instance, $VP$ coordination --- is linguistically problematic in German because $VP$ is a discontinuous --- category. - - ConjS : Conj -> ListS -> S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs" - ConjAP : Conj -> ListAP -> AP ; -- "even and prime" - ConjNP : Conj -> ListNP -> NP ; -- "John or Mary" - - ConjDS : ConjD -> ListS -> S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs" - ConjDAP : ConjD -> ListAP -> AP ; -- "both even and prime" - ConjDNP : ConjD -> ListNP -> NP ; -- "either John or Mary" - - TwoS : S -> S -> ListS ; - ConsS : ListS -> S -> ListS ; - - TwoAP : AP -> AP -> ListAP ; - ConsAP : ListAP -> AP -> ListAP ; - - TwoNP : NP -> NP -> ListNP ; - ConsNP : ListNP -> NP -> ListNP ; - ---! ---3 Subordination --- --- Subjunctions are different from conjunctions, but form --- a uniform category among themselves. - - SubjS : Subj -> S -> S -> S ; -- "if 2 is odd, 3 is even" - SubjImper : Subj -> S -> Imp -> Imp ; -- "if it is hot, use a glove!" - SubjQu : Subj -> S -> Qu -> Qu ; -- "if you are new, who are you?" - SubjVP : VP -> Subj -> S -> VP ; -- "(a man who) sings when he runs" - ---! ---2 One-word utterances --- --- These are, more generally, *one-phrase utterances*. The list below --- is very incomplete. - - PhrNP : NP -> Phr ; -- "Some man.", "John." - PhrOneCN, PhrManyCN : CN -> Phr ; -- "A car.", "Cars." - PhrIP : IAdv -> Phr ; -- "Who?" - PhrIAdv : IAdv -> Phr ; -- "Why?" - ---! ---2 Text formation --- --- A text is a sequence of phrases. It is defined like a non-empty list. - - OnePhr : Phr -> Text ; - ConsPhr : Phr -> Text -> Text ; - -} ; - diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/PredefAbs.gf b/grammars/resource/nabstract/PredefAbs.gf deleted file mode 100644 index ccd214fd4..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/PredefAbs.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -abstract PredefAbs = { - cat String ; Int ; -} ; - diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/ResAbs.gf b/grammars/resource/nabstract/ResAbs.gf deleted file mode 100644 index 7828e51ac..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/ResAbs.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,275 +0,0 @@ ---1 Abstract Syntax for Multilingual Resource Grammar --- --- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2003 --- --- Although concrete syntax differs a lot between different languages, --- many structures can be found that are common, on a certain level --- of abstraction. What we will present in the following is an abstract --- syntax that has been successfully defined for English, Finnish, French, German, --- Italian, Russian, and Swedish. It has been applied to define language --- fragments on technical or near-to-technical domains: database queries, --- video recorder dialogue systems, software specifications, and a --- health-related phrase book. Each new application helped to identify some --- missing structures in the resource and suggested some additions, but the --- number of them was usually small. --- --- To use the resource in applications, you need the following --- $cat$ and $fun$ rules in $oper$ form, completed by taking the --- $lincat$ and $lin$ judgements of a particular language. This is done --- by using the $reuse$ module with the desired concrete syntax of --- $ResAbs$ as argument. - - ---2 Categories --- --- The categories of this resource grammar are mostly 'standard' categories --- of linguistics. Their is no claim that they correspond to semantic categories --- definable in type theory: to define such correspondences is the business --- of applications grammars. --- --- Categories that may look special are $Adj2$, $Fun$, and $TV$. They are all --- instances of endowing another category with a complement, which can be either --- a direct object (whose case may vary) or a prepositional phrase. This, together --- with the category $Adv$, removes the need of a category of --- 'prepositional phrases', which is too language-dependent to make sense --- on this level of abstraction. --- - -abstract ResAbs = { - ---3 Nouns and noun phrases --- - -cat - N ; -- simple common noun, e.g. "car" - CN ; -- common noun phrase, e.g. "red car", "car that John owns" - NP ; -- noun phrase, e.g. "John", "all cars", "you" - PN ; -- proper name, e.g. "John", "New York" - Det ; -- determiner, e.g. "every", "all" - Fun ; -- function word, e.g. "mother (of)" - Fun2 ; -- two-place function, e.g. "flight (from) (to)" - ---3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases --- - - Adj1 ; -- one-place adjective, e.g. "even" - Adj2 ; -- two-place adjective, e.g. "divisible (by)" - AdjDeg ; -- degree adjective, e.g. "big/bigger/biggest" - AP ; -- adjective phrase, e.g. "divisible by two", "bigger than John" - ---3 Verbs and verb phrases --- - - V ; -- one-place verb, e.g. "walk" - TV ; -- two-place verb, e.g. "love", "wait (for)", "switch on" - V3 ; -- three-place verb, e.g. "give", "prefer (stg) (to stg)" - VS ; -- sentence-compl. verb, e.g. "say", "prove" - VP ; -- verb phrase, e.g. "switch the light on" - ---3 Adverbials --- - - AdV ; -- adverbial e.g. "now", "in the house" - AdA ; -- ad-adjective e.g. "very" - AdS ; -- sentence adverbial e.g. "therefore", "otherwise" - ---3 Sentences and relative clauses --- - - S ; -- sentence, e.g. "John walks" - Slash ; -- sentence without NP, e.g. "John waits for (...)" - RP ; -- relative pronoun, e.g. "which", "the mother of whom" - RC ; -- relative clause, e.g. "who walks", "that I wait for" - ---3 Questions and imperatives --- - - IP ; -- interrogative pronoun, e.g. "who", "whose mother", "which yellow car" - IAdv ; -- interrogative adverb., e.g. "when", "why" - Qu ; -- question, e.g. "who walks" - Imp ; -- imperative, e.g. "walk!" - ---3 Coordination and subordination --- - - Conj ; -- conjunction, e.g. "and" - ConjD ; -- distributed conj. e.g. "both - and" - Subj ; -- subjunction, e.g. "if", "when" - - ListS ; -- list of sentences - ListAP ; -- list of adjectival phrases - ListNP ; -- list of noun phrases - ---3 Complete utterances --- - - Phr ; -- full phrase, e.g. "John walks.","Who walks?", "Wait for me!" - Text ; -- sequence of phrases e.g. "One is odd. Therefore, two is even." - - ---2 Rules --- --- This set of rules is minimal, in the sense of defining the simplest combinations --- of categories and not having redundant rules. --- When the resource grammar is used as a library, it will often be useful to --- access it through an intermediate library that defines more rules as --- 'macros' for combinations of the ones below. - ---3 Nouns and noun phrases --- - -fun - UseN : N -> CN ; -- "car" - ModAdj : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- "red car" - DetNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- "every car" - IndefOneNP, IndefManyNP : CN -> NP ; -- "a car", "cars" - DefOneNP, DefManyNP : CN -> NP ; -- "the car", "the cars" - ModGenOne, ModGenMany : NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's car", "John's cars" - UsePN : PN -> NP ; -- "John" - UseFun : Fun -> CN ; -- "successor" - AppFun : Fun -> NP -> CN ; -- "successor of zero" - AppFun2 : Fun2 -> NP -> Fun ; -- "flight from Paris" - CNthatS : CN -> S -> CN ; -- "idea that the Earth is flat" - ---3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases --- - - AdjP1 : Adj1 -> AP ; -- "red" - ComplAdj : Adj2 -> NP -> AP ; -- "divisible by two" - PositAdjP : AdjDeg -> AP ; -- "old" - ComparAdjP : AdjDeg -> NP -> AP ; -- "older than John" - SuperlNP : AdjDeg -> CN -> NP ; -- "the oldest man" - ---3 Verbs and verb phrases --- - - PosV, NegV : V -> VP ; -- "walk", "doesn't walk" - PosA, NegA : AP -> VP ; -- "is old", "isn't old" - PosCN, NegCN : CN -> VP ; -- "is a man", "isn't a man" - PosTV, NegTV : TV -> NP -> VP ; -- "sees John", "doesn't see John" - PosPassV, NegPassV : V -> VP ; -- "is seen", "is not seen" - PosNP, NegNP : NP -> VP ; -- "is John", "is not John" - PosVS, NegVS : VS -> S -> VP ; -- "says that I run", "doesn't say..." - PosV3, NegV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP ; -- "prefers wine to beer" - VTrans : TV -> V ; -- "loves" - ---3 Adverbials --- - - AdvVP : VP -> AdV -> VP ; -- "always walks", "walks in the park" - LocNP : NP -> AdV ; -- "in London" - AdvCN : CN -> AdV -> CN ; -- "house in London", "house today" - - AdvAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- "very good" - - ---3 Sentences and relative clauses --- - - PredVP : NP -> VP -> S ; -- "John walks" - PosSlashTV, NegSlashTV : NP -> TV -> Slash ; -- "John sees", "John doesn's see" - OneVP : VP -> S ; -- "one walks" - - IdRP : RP ; -- "which" - FunRP : Fun -> RP -> RP ; -- "the successor of which" - RelVP : RP -> VP -> RC ; -- "who walks" - RelSlash : RP -> Slash -> RC ; -- "that I wait for"/"for which I wait" - ModRC : CN -> RC -> CN ; -- "man who walks" - RelSuch : S -> RC ; -- "such that it is even" - ---3 Questions and imperatives --- - - WhoOne, WhoMany : IP ; -- "who (is)", "who (are)" - WhatOne, WhatMany : IP ; -- "what (is)", "what (are)" - FunIP : Fun -> IP -> IP ; -- "the mother of whom" - NounIPOne, NounIPMany : CN -> IP ; -- "which car", "which cars" - - QuestVP : NP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "does John walk" - IntVP : IP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "who walks" - IntSlash : IP -> Slash -> Qu ; -- "whom does John see" - QuestAdv : IAdv -> NP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "why do you walk" - - ImperVP : VP -> Imp ; -- "be a man" - - IndicPhrase : S -> Phr ; -- "I walk." - QuestPhrase : Qu -> Phr ; -- "Do I walk?" - ImperOne, ImperMany : Imp -> Phr ; -- "Be a man!", "Be men!" - - AdvS : AdS -> S -> Phr ; -- "Therefore, 2 is prime." - ---3 Coordination --- --- We consider "n"-ary coordination, with "n" > 1. To this end, we have introduced --- a *list category* $ListX$ for each category $X$ whose expressions we want to --- conjoin. Each list category has two constructors, the base case being $TwoX$. - --- We have not defined coordination of all possible categories here, --- since it can be tricky in many languages. For instance, $VP$ coordination --- is linguistically problematic in German because $VP$ is a discontinuous --- category. - - ConjS : Conj -> ListS -> S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs" - ConjAP : Conj -> ListAP -> AP ; -- "even and prime" - ConjNP : Conj -> ListNP -> NP ; -- "John or Mary" - - ConjDS : ConjD -> ListS -> S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs" - ConjDAP : ConjD -> ListAP -> AP ; -- "both even and prime" - ConjDNP : ConjD -> ListNP -> NP ; -- "either John or Mary" - - TwoS : S -> S -> ListS ; - ConsS : ListS -> S -> ListS ; - - TwoAP : AP -> AP -> ListAP ; - ConsAP : ListAP -> AP -> ListAP ; - - TwoNP : NP -> NP -> ListNP ; - ConsNP : ListNP -> NP -> ListNP ; - ---3 Subordination --- --- Subjunctions are different from conjunctions, but form --- a uniform category among themselves. - - SubjS : Subj -> S -> S -> S ; -- "if 2 is odd, 3 is even" - SubjImper : Subj -> S -> Imp -> Imp ; -- "if it is hot, use a glove!" - SubjQu : Subj -> S -> Qu -> Qu ; -- "if you are new, who are you?" - SubjVP : VP -> Subj -> S -> VP ; -- "(a man who) sings when he runs" - ---2 One-word utterances --- --- These are, more generally, *one-phrase utterances*. The list below --- is very incomplete. - - PhrNP : NP -> Phr ; -- "Some man.", "John." - PhrOneCN, PhrManyCN : CN -> Phr ; -- "A car.", "Cars." - PhrIP : IAdv -> Phr ; -- "Who?" - PhrIAdv : IAdv -> Phr ; -- "Why?" - ---2 Text formation --- --- A text is a sequence of phrases. It is defined like a non-empty list. - - OnePhr : Phr -> Text ; - ConsPhr : Phr -> Text -> Text ; - ---2 Examples of structural words --- --- Here we have some words belonging to closed classes and appearing --- in all languages we have considered. --- Sometimes they are not really meaningful, e.g. $TheyNP$ in French --- should really be replaced by masculine and feminine variants. - - EveryDet, AllDet, WhichDet, MostDet : Det ; -- every, all, which, most - INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in singular - WeNP, YeNP, TheyNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in plural - YouNP : NP ; -- the polite you - WhenIAdv,WhereIAdv,WhyIAdv,HowIAdv : IAdv ; -- when, where, why, how - AndConj, OrConj : Conj ; -- and, or - BothAnd, EitherOr, NeitherNor : ConjD ; -- both-and, either-or, neither-nor - IfSubj, WhenSubj : Subj ; -- if, when - PhrYes, PhrNo : Phr ; -- yes, no - VeryAdv, TooAdv : AdA ; -- very, too - OtherwiseAdv, ThereforeAdv : AdS ; -- therefore, otherwise -} ; - diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/Structural.gf b/grammars/resource/nabstract/Structural.gf deleted file mode 100644 index e651afb5e..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/Structural.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ ---1 GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words --- --- AR 21/11/2003 --- --- Here we have some words belonging to closed classes and appearing --- in all languages we have considered. --- Sometimes they are not really meaningful, e.g. $TheyNP$ in French --- should really be replaced by masculine and feminine variants. - -abstract Structural = Combinations ** { - -fun - ---! ---2 Determiners and noun phrases --- --- Many plural determiners can take a numeral modifier. So can the plural --- pronouns "we" and "you". - - EveryDet, WhichDet, AllDet, -- every, sg which, sg all - SomeDet, AnyDet, NoDet, -- sg some, any, no - MostDet, MostsDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- sg most, pl most, many, much - ThisDet, ThatDet : Det ; -- this, that - - AllsDet, WhichsDet, -- pl all, which (86) - SomesDet, AnysDet, NosDet, -- pl some, any, no - TheseDet, ThoseDet : Num -> Det ; -- these, those (86) - - ThisNP, ThatNP : NP ; -- this, that - TheseNP, ThoseNP : Num -> NP ; -- these, those (86) - INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in singular - WeNP, YeNP : Num -> NP ; -- these pronouns can take numeral - TheyNP : NP ; YouNP : NP ; -- they, the polite you - - EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP, -- everybody, somebody, nobody - EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing - ---! ---2 Auxiliary verbs --- --- Depending on language, all, some, or none of there verbs belong to --- a separate class of *auxiliary* verbs. The list is incomplete. - - CanVV, CanKnowVV, MustVV : VV ; -- can (pouvoir/savoir), must - WantVV : VV ; -- want (to do) - ---! ---2 Adverbials --- - - WhenIAdv,WhereIAdv,WhyIAdv,HowIAdv : IAdv ; -- when, where, why, how - EverywhereNP, SomewhereNP,NowhereNP : AdV ; -- everywhere, somewhere, nowhere - VeryAdv, TooAdv : AdA ; -- very, too - AlmostAdv, QuiteAdv : AdA ; -- almost, quite - OtherwiseAdv, ThereforeAdv : AdS ; -- therefore, otherwise - ---! ---2 Conjunctions and subjunctions --- - - AndConj, OrConj : Conj ; -- and, or - BothAnd, EitherOr, NeitherNor : ConjD ; -- both-and, either-or, neither-nor - IfSubj, WhenSubj, AlthoughSubj : Subj ; -- if, when, although - ---! ---2 Prepositions --- --- We have carefully chosen a set of semantic relations expressible --- by prepositions in some languages, by cases or postpositions in --- others. Complement uses of prepositions are not included, and --- should be treated by the use of many-place verbs, adjectives, and --- functions. - - InPrep, OnPrep, ToPrep, FromPrep, -- spatial relations - ThroughPrep, AbovePrep, UnderPrep, - InFrontPrep, BehindPrep, BetweenPrep : Prep ; - BeforePrep, DuringPrep, AfterPrep : Prep ; -- temporal relations - WithPrep, WithoutPrep, ByMeansPrep : Prep ; -- some other relations - PartPrep : Prep ; -- partitive "of" ("bottle of wine") - AgentPrep : Prep ; -- agent "by" in passive constructions - - ---! ---2 Affirmation and negation --- --- The negative-positive (French "si", German "doch") is missing. - - PhrYes, PhrNo : Phr ; -- yes, no - -} diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/TestResource.gf b/grammars/resource/nabstract/TestResource.gf deleted file mode 100644 index adafdcfbc..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/TestResource.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -abstract TestResource = Structural ** { - --- a random sample of lexicon to test resource grammar with - -fun - Big, Happy, Small, Old, Young : AdjDeg ; - American, Finnish : Adj1 ; - Married : Adj2 ; - Man, Woman, Car, House, Light, Bar, Bottle, Wine : N ; - Walk, Run : V ; - Send, Wait, Love, Drink, SwitchOn, SwitchOff : TV ; - Give, Prefer : V3 ; - Say, Prove : VS ; - Mother, Uncle : Fun ; - Connection : Fun2 ; - Well, Always : AdV ; - John, Mary : PN ; -} ; diff --git a/grammars/resource/nabstract/additions.txt b/grammars/resource/nabstract/additions.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6d0f7fb8b..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/nabstract/additions.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ --- added 19/11/2003 -- 21/11 - --- Combinations.gf -cat - Prep ; -- pre/postposition and/or case e.g. - Num ; -- numeral, e.g. "three", "879" - VV ; -- verb-compl. verb, e.g. "can", "want" - VG ; -- verbal group - -fun - ThereIsCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a bar", "there are bars" - ThereAreCN : Num -> CN -> S ; -- "there are 86 bars" - PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> AdV ; -- "in London", "after the war" (replace LocNP) - MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- "wine" - PredAdV : AdV -> VP ; -- "is everywhere", "is not in France" - AdjAdv : AP -> AdV ; -- "freely", "more consciously than you" - IsThereCN,AreThereCN : CN -> Qu ; -- "is there a bar", "are there bars" - PosVG,NegVG : VG -> VP ; -- - - - -- merged PosX and NegX to PredX, for the following - PredV : V -> VG ; -- "walk", "doesn't walk" - PredPassV : V -> VG ; -- "is seen", "is not seen" - PredTV : TV -> NP -> VG ; -- "sees John", "doesn't see John" - PredVS : VS -> S -> VG ; -- "says that I run", "doesn't say..." - PredVV : VV -> VG -> VG ; -- "can run", "can't run", "tries to run" - PredV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VG ; -- "prefers wine to beer" - - PredNP : NP -> VG ; -- "is John", "is not John" - PredAdV : AdV -> VG ; -- "is everywhere", "is not in France" - PredAP : AP -> VG ; -- "is old", "isn't old" - PredCN : CN -> VG ; -- "is a man", "isn't a man" - VTrans : TV -> V ; -- "loves" - - - -- changed type signatures: added Num - IndefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "houses", "86 houses" - DefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "the cars", "the 86 cars" - ModGenMany : Num -> NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's cars", "John's 86 cars" - - UseInt : Int -> Num ; -- "32" --- assumes i > 1 - NoNum : Num ; -- no numeral modifier - - IsThereCN, AreThereCN : CN -> Qu ;-- "is there a bar", "are there bars" - --- from Hajo's work - -AdvAP - -AdvS - -AppFun2 - -CNthatS - -ConsPhr - -ItNP - -NegPassV - -NegV3 - -OnePhr - -OneVP - -OtherwiseAdv - -PosPassV - -PosV3 - -SubjVP - -ThereforeAdv - -TooAdv - -VTrans - -VeryAdv - - --- Structural.gf - --- Some of these are just changes to Num -> Det|NP. - AllDet : Det ; -- sg all - AllsDet, WhichsDet, -- pl all, which (86) - SomesDet, AnysDet, NosDet, -- pl some, any, no - TheseDet, ThoseDet : Num -> Det ; -- these, those (86) - ThisNP, TheseNP : NP ; -- this, that - TheseNP, ThoseNP : Num -> NP ; -- these, those (86) - INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in singular - WeNP, YeNP : Num -> NP ; -- these pronouns can take numeral - - EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP, -- everybody, somebody, nobody - EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing - EverywhereNP, SomewhereNP, NowhereNP : Adv ;-- everywhere, somewhere, nowhere - AlthoughSubj : Subj ; -- although - AlmostAdv, QuiteAdv : AdA ; -- almost, quite - InPrep, OnPrep, ToPrep, FromPrep, -- spatial relations - ThroughPrep, AbovePrep, UnderPrep, - InFrontPrep, BehindPrep, BetweenPrep : Prep ; - BeforePrep, DuringPrep, AfterPrep : Prep ; -- temporal relations - WithPrep, WithoutPrep, ByMeansPrep : Prep ; -- some other relations - PartPrep : Prep ; -- partitive "of" ("bottle of wine") - AgentPrep : Prep ; -- agent "by" in passive constructions - - - -American - -Connection - -Finnish - -Give - -Married - -Prefer - |