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diff --git a/grammars/resource/russian/Paradigms.gf b/grammars/resource/russian/Paradigms.gf deleted file mode 100644 index d574e4793..000000000 --- a/grammars/resource/russian/Paradigms.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,362 +0,0 @@ ---# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
-
---1 Russian Lexical Paradigms
---
--- Aarne Ranta, Janna Khegai 2003
---
--- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
--- for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming
--- expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
---
--- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
--- accessed through the resource syntax API, $resource.Abs.gf$.
---
---
--- The following files are presupposed:
-
-resource Paradigms = open (Predef=Predef), Prelude, Syntax, Russian in {
-
-flags coding=utf8 ;
-
---2 Parameters
---
--- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
-
-oper
- masculine : Gender ;
- feminine : Gender ;
- neuter : Gender ;
-
--- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
-
- nominative : Case ;
- genitive : Case ;
- dative : Case ;
- accusative : Case ;
- instructive : Case ;
- prepositional : Case ;
-
--- In some (written in English) textbooks accusative case
--- is put on the second place. However, we follow the case order
--- standard for Russian textbooks.
-
--- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
-
- singular : Number ;
- plural : Number ;
-
---2 Nouns
-
--- Best case: indeclinabe nouns: "кофе", "пальто", "ВУЗ".
-
- mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
-
--- Worst case - give six singular forms:
--- Nominative, Genetive, Dative, Accusative, Instructive and Prepositional;
--- corresponding six plural forms and the gender.
--- May be the number of forms needed can be reduced,
--- but this requires a separate investigation.
--- Animacy parameter (determining whether the Accusative form is equal
--- to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help,
--- since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
-
- mkN : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
-
- -- мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
- -- мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
-
-
--- Here are some common patterns. The list is far from complete.
-
--- Feminine patterns.
-
- nMashina : Str -> N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"машин-ой"
- nEdinica : Str -> N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"единиц-ей"
- nZhenchina : Str -> N ; -- feminine, animate, ending with "-a"
- nNoga : Str -> N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "г_к_х-a"
- nMalyariya : Str -> N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ия"
- nTetya : Str -> N ; -- feminine, animate, ending with "-я"
- nBol : Str -> N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ь"(soft sign)
-
--- Neuter patterns.
-
- nObezbolivauchee : Str -> N ; -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-ee"
- nProizvedenie : Str -> N ; -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-e"
- nChislo : Str -> N ; -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-o"
-
--- Masculine patterns.
-
- nStomatolog : Str -> N ; -- masculine, animate, ending with consonant
-
- -- the next two differ only in
- -- plural nominative (= accusative) form(s) :
- nAdres : Str -> N ; -- адрес-а
- nTelefon : Str -> N ; -- телефон-ы
- -- masculine, inanimate, ending with consonant
-
- nNol : Str -> N ; -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ь" (soft sign)
- nUroven : Str -> N ; -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ень"
-
--- Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.
-
- mkFun : N -> Preposition -> Case -> Fun ;
- funGen : N -> Fun ;
-
--- Proper names.
-
- mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
-
--- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and
--- $NP$ rather than $PN$.
-
- mkCN : N -> CN ;
- mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
-
-
---2 Adjectives
-
--- Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7)
--- forms in the worst case:
-
-
--- Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural
--- Nominative
--- Genitive
--- Dative
--- Accusative Inanimate
--- Accusative Animate
--- Instructive
--- Prepositional
-
-
--- Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
--- in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
--- positive degree.
-
--- mkAdj1 : ( : Str) -> Adj1 ;
-
--- Invariable adjective is a special case.
-
- adjInvar : Str -> Adj1 ; -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
-
--- Some regular patterns depending on the ending.
-
- adj1Staruyj : Str -> Adj1 ; -- ending with "-ый"
- adj1Malenkij : Str -> Adj1 ; -- endign with "-ий"
- adj1Molodoj : Str -> Adj1 ; -- ending with "-ой",
- -- plural - молод-ые"
- adj1Kakoj_Nibud : Str -> Str -> Adj1 ; -- ending with "-ой",
- -- plural - "как-ие"
-
--- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
-
- mkAdj2 : Adj1 -> Str -> Case -> Adj2 ; -- "делим на"
-
--- Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective
--- (28 forms without short forms).
--- Taking only one comparative form (non-syntaxic) and
--- only one superlative form (syntaxic) we can produce the
--- comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
--- non-syntaxic comparative form.
--- Syntaxic forms are based on the positive forms.
-
-
- mkAdjDeg : Adj1 -> Str -> AdjDeg ;
-
--- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
--- just to use a one-place adjective.
-
- ap : Adj1 -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;
-
-
---2 Verbs
---
--- In our lexicon description ("Verbum") there are 62 forms:
--- 2 (Voice) by { 1 (infinitive) + [2(number) by 3 (person)](imperative) +
--- [ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) + [2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) +
--- 4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+ 4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) }
--- Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included,
--- since they fuction more like Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly
--- rather than verbs. Aspect regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb.
--- Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs. Actually,
--- the majority of verbs do not have many of the forms.
-
--- The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
--- ("я бегу", "ты бежишь", "он бежит", "мы бежим", "вы бежите", "они бегут"),
--- a past form (singular, masculine: "я бежал"), an imperative form
--- (singular, second person: "беги"), an infinitive ("бежать").
--- Inherent aspect should also be specified.
-
- mkVerbum : Aspect -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verbum ;
-
--- Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations:
--- first - verbs ending with "-ать/-ять" and second - "-ить/-еть".
--- Instead of 6 present forms of the worst case, we only need
--- a present stem and one ending (singular, first person):
--- "я люб-лю", "я жд-у", etc. To determine where the border
--- between stem and ending lies it is sufficient to compare
--- first person from with second person form:
--- "я люб-лю", "ты люб-ишь". Stems shoud be the same.
--- So the definition for verb "любить" looks like:
--- mkRegVerb Imperfective Second "люб" "лю" "любил" "люби" "любить";
-
- mkRegVerb :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verbum ;
-
--- For writing an application grammar one usualy doesn't need
--- the whole inflection table, since each verb is used in
--- a particular context that determines some of the parameters
--- (Tense and Voice while Aspect is fixed from the beginning) for certain usage.
--- The "V" type, that have these parameters fixed.
--- We can extract the "V" from the lexicon.
-
- mkV: Verbum -> Voice -> Tense -> V ;
- mkPresentV: Verbum -> Voice -> V ;
-
-
--- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
--- a particle can be included in a $V$.
-
- mkTV : V -> Str -> Case -> TV ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
- tvDir : V -> TV ; -- "видеть", "любить"
-
--- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
--- hidden from the document.
---.
-
-
- masculine = Masc ;
- feminine = Fem ;
- neuter = Neut ;
- nominative = Nom ;
- accusative = Acc ;
- dative = Dat ;
- genitive = Gen ;
- instructive = Inst ;
- prepositional = Prepos ;
- singular = Sg ;
- plural = Pl ;
-
--- Noun definitions
-
- mkIndeclinableNoun = \s,g, anim ->
- {
- s = table { SF _ _ => s } ;
- g = g ;
- anim = anim
- } ;
-
-
- mkN = \nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,
- nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl, g, anim ->
- {
- s = table {
- SF Sg Nom => nomSg ;
- SF Sg Gen => genSg ;
- SF Sg Dat => datSg ;
- SF Sg Acc => accSg ;
- SF Sg Inst => instSg ;
- SF Sg Prepos => preposSg ;
- SF Pl Nom => nomPl ;
- SF Pl Gen => genPl ;
- SF Pl Dat => datPl ;
- SF Pl Acc => accPl ;
- SF Pl Inst => instPl ;
- SF Pl Prepos => preposPl
- } ;
- g = g ;
- anim = anim
- } ;
-
- nMashina = \s -> aEndInanimateDecl s;
- nEdinica = \s -> ej_aEndInanimateDecl s;
- nZhenchina = \s -> (aEndAnimateDecl s) ** { g = Fem } ;
- nNoga = \s -> aEndG_K_KH_Decl s ;
- nMalyariya = \s -> i_yaEndDecl s ;
- nTetya = \s -> (yaEndAnimateDecl s) ** {g = Fem} ;
- nBol = \s -> softSignEndDeclFem s ;
-
--- Neuter patterns.
-
- nObezbolivauchee = \s -> eeEndInAnimateDecl s ;
- nProizvedenie = \s -> eEndInAnimateDecl s ;
- nChislo = \s -> oEndInAnimateDecl s ;
-
-
--- Masculine patterns.
-
- nStomatolog = \s -> nullEndAnimateDecl s ;
-
- nAdres = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDecl2 s ;
- nTelefon = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDecl1 s ;
-
- nNol = \s -> softSignEndDeclMasc s ;
- nUroven = \s -> EN_softSignEndDeclMasc s ;
-
--- mkFun defined in syntax.RusU
--- funGen defined in syntax.RusU
-
- mkPN = \ivan, g, anim ->
- case g of {
- Masc => mkProperNameMasc ivan anim ;
- _ => mkProperNameFem ivan anim
- } ;
- mkCN = UseN ;
- mkNP = \x,y,z -> UsePN (mkPN x y z) ;
-
--- Adjective definitions
-
- adjInvar = \s -> { s = \\af => s };
-
- adj1Staruyj = uy_j_EndDecl ;
- adj1Malenkij = ij_EndK_G_KH_Decl ;
- adj1Molodoj = uy_oj_EndDecl ;
- adj1Kakoj_Nibud = i_oj_EndDecl ;
-
- mkAdj2 = \a,p,c -> a ** {s2 = p ; c = c} ;
-
- -- mkAdjDeg defined in morpho.RusU
-
- ap = \a,p -> a ** { p = p } ;
-
--- Verb definitions
-
- mkVerbum = \asp, sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3,
- sgMascPast, imperSgP2, inf -> case asp of {
- Perfective =>
- mkVerb (perfectiveActivePattern inf imperSgP2
- (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast))
- (pastConj sgMascPast);
- Imperfective =>
- mkVerb (imperfectiveActivePattern inf imperSgP2
- (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast))
- (pastConj sgMascPast)
- };
-
- oper presentConj: (_,_,_,_,_,_: Str) -> PresentVerb =
- \sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3 ->
- table {
- PRF Sg P1 => sgP1 ;
- PRF Sg P2 => sgP2 ;
- PRF Sg P3 => sgP3 ;
- PRF Pl P1 => plP1 ;
- PRF Pl P2 => plP2 ;
- PRF Pl P3 => plP3
- };
-
-
- mkRegVerb = verbDecl ; -- defined in morpho.RusU.gf
-
- mkV = extVerb ; -- defined in types.RusU.gf
-
- mkPresentV = \aller, vox ->
- { s = table {
- VFin gn p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIND (VPresent (numGNum gn) p)) ;
- VImper n p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIMP n p) ;
- VInf => aller.s ! VFORM vox VINF ;
- VSubj gn => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VSUB gn)
- }; t = Present ; a = aller.asp ; v = vox } ;
-
- mkTV = mkTransVerb ; -- defined in syntax.RusU.gf
- tvDir = mkDirectVerb; -- defined in syntax.RusU.gf
-
-} ;
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