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diff --git a/grammars/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf b/grammars/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45eb2c16e --- /dev/null +++ b/grammars/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude + +--1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms +-- +-- Aarne Ranta 2003 +-- +-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar +-- for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming +-- expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. +-- +-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are +-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $resource.Abs.gf$. +-- +-- The main difference with $morpho.Swe.gf$ is that the types +-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover +-- had the design principle of always having existing forms as string +-- arguments of the paradigms, not stems. +-- +-- The following modules are presupposed: + +resource ParadigmsSwe = open (Predef=Predef), Prelude, SyntaxSwe, Swedish in { + +--2 Parameters +-- +-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. + +oper + utrum : Gender ; + neutrum : Gender ; + + masculine : Sex ; + nonmasculine : Sex ; + +-- To abstract over case names, we define the following. + + nominative : Case ; + genitive : Case ; + +-- To abstract over number names, we define the following. + + singular : Number ; + plural : Number ; + + +--2 Nouns + +-- Worst case: give all nominative forms and the gender. +-- The genitive is formed automatically, even when the nominative +-- ends with an "s". + + mkN : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Sex -> N ; + -- man, mannen, män, männen + +-- Here are some common patterns, corresponding to school-gramamr declensions. +-- Except $nPojke$, $nKarl$, and $nMurare$, +-- they are defined to be $nonmasculine$, which means that they don't create +-- the definite adjective form with "e" but with "a". + + nApa : Str -> N ; -- apa (apan, apor, aporna) ; utrum + nBil : Str -> N ; -- bil (bilen, bilar, bilarna) ; utrum + nKarl : Str -> N ; -- karl (karlen, karlar, karlarna) ; utrum ; masculine + nPojke : Str -> N ; -- pojke (pojken, pojkar, pojkarna) ; utrum ; masculine + nNyckel : Str -> N ; -- nyckel (nyckeln, nycklar, nycklarna) ; utrum + nRisk : Str -> N ; -- risk (risken, risker, riskerna) ; utrum + nDike : Str -> N ; -- dike (diket, diken, dikena) ; neutrum + nRep : Str -> N ; -- rep (repet, rep, repen) ; neutrum + nPapper : Str -> N ; -- papper (pappret, papper, pappren) ; neutrum + nMurare : Str -> N ; -- murare (muraren, murare, murarna) ; utrum ; masculine + nKikare : Str -> N ; -- kikare (kikaren, kikare, kikarna) ; utrum + +-- Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common ones are "av", +-- "på", and "till". + + mkFun : N -> Preposition -> Fun ; + funAv : N -> Fun ; + funPå : N -> Fun ; + funTill : N -> Fun ; + +-- Proper names, with their possibly +-- irregular genitive. The regular genitive is "s", omitted after "s". + + mkPN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Sex -> PN ; -- Karolus, Karoli + pnReg : Str -> Gender -> Sex -> PN ; -- Johan,Johans ; Johannes, Johannes + +-- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and +-- $NP$ rather than $PN$. + + mkCN : N -> CN ; + mkNP : (Karolus, Karoli : Str) -> Gender -> NP ; + + npReg : Str -> Gender -> NP ; -- Johann, Johanns + + +--2 Adjectives + +-- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need four forms in the worst case: +-- strong singular, weak singular, plural. + + mkAdj1 : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj1 ; -- liten, litet, lilla, små + +-- Special cases needing one form each are: regular adjectives, +-- adjectives with unstressed "e" in the last syllable, those +-- ending with "n" as a further special case, and invariable +-- adjectives. + + adjReg : Str -> Adj1 ; -- billig (billigt, billiga, billiga) + adjNykter : Str -> Adj1 ; -- nykter (nyktert, nyktra, nyktra) + adjGalen : Str -> Adj1 ; -- galen (galet, galna, galna) + adjInvar : Str -> Adj1 ; -- bra + +-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments. + + mkAdj2 : Adj1 -> Str -> Adj2 ; -- delbar, med + mkAdj2Reg : Str -> Str -> Adj2 ; -- + +-- Comparison adjectives may need the three four forms for the positive case, plus +-- three more forms for the comparison cases. + + mkAdjDeg : (liten, litet, lilla, sma, mindre, minst, minsta : Str) -> AdjDeg ; + +-- Some comparison adjectives are completely regular. + + aReg : Str -> AdjDeg ; + +-- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is +-- just to use a one-place adjective. The variation in $adjGen$ is taken +-- into account. + + apReg : Str -> AP ; + +--2 Verbs +-- +-- The fragment only has present tense so far. +-- The worst case needs three forms: the infinitive, the indicative, and the +-- imperative. + + mkV : (_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- vara, är, var; trivas, trivs, trivs + +-- The main conjugations need one string each. + + vKoka : Str -> V ; -- tala (talar, tala) + vSteka : Str -> V ; -- leka (leker, lek) + vBo : Str -> V ; -- bo (bor, bo) + + vAndas : Str -> V ; -- andas [all forms the same: also "slåss"] + vTrivas : Str -> V ; -- trivas (trivs, trivs) + +-- The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special. + + vVara : V ; + vHa : V ; + +-- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. + + mkTV : V -> Preposition -> TV ; -- tycka, om + tvDir : V -> TV ; -- gilla + +-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are +-- hidden from the document. +--. + + utrum = Utr ; + neutrum = Neutr ; + masculine = Masc ; + nonmasculine = NoMasc ; + nominative = Nom ; + genitive = Gen ; + -- singular defined in Types + -- plural defined in Types + + mkN = \apa, apan, apor, aporna, g, x -> let + {nom = table { + SF Sg Indef _ => apa ; + SF Sg Def _ => apan ; + SF Pl Indef _ => apor ; + SF Pl Def _ => aporna + } + } in + {s = \\n,d,c => mkCase c (nom ! SF n d Nom) ; + g = g ; x = x + } ; + + -- auxiliaries + mkGenit : Tok -> Tok = \s -> ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 s) "s" s (s + "s") ; + mkCase : Case -> Tok -> Tok = \c,t -> case c of { + Nom => t ; + Gen => mkGenit t + } ; + + nApa = \apa -> + let {apor = Predef.tk 1 apa + "or"} in + mkN apa (apa + "n") apor (apor + "na") utrum nonmasculine ; + + nBil = \bil -> + mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum nonmasculine ; + nKarl = \bil -> + mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum masculine ; + nPojke = \pojke -> + let {bil = Predef.tk 1 pojke} in + mkN pojke (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum masculine ; + nNyckel = \cykel -> + let {cykl = Predef.tk 2 cykel + Predef.dp 1 cykel} in + mkN cykel (cykel + "n") (cykl + "ar") (cykl + "arna") utrum nonmasculine ; + nRisk = \bil -> + mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "er") (bil + "erna") utrum nonmasculine ; + nDike = \dike -> + mkN dike (dike + "t") (dike + "n") (dike + "na") neutrum nonmasculine ; + nRep = \rep -> + mkN rep (rep + "et") rep (rep + "en") neutrum nonmasculine ; + nPapper = \cykel -> + let {cykl = Predef.tk 2 cykel + Predef.dp 1 cykel} in + mkN cykel (cykl + "et") cykel (cykl + "en") neutrum nonmasculine ; + nMurare = \murare -> + let {murar = Predef.tk 1 murare} in + mkN murare (murar + "en") murare (murar + "na") utrum masculine ; + nKikare = \murare -> + let {murar = Predef.tk 1 murare} in + mkN murare (murar + "en") murare (murar + "na") utrum nonmasculine ; + + +-- mkFun defined in syntax.Swe + funAv = \f -> mkFun f "av" ; + funPå = \f -> mkFun f "på" ; + funTill = \f -> mkFun f "till" ; + + mkPN = \karolus, karoli, g, x -> + {s = table {Gen => karoli ; _ => karolus} ; g = g ; x = x} ; + pnReg = \horst -> + mkPN horst (ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 horst) "s" horst (horst + "s")) ; + + mkCN = UseN ; + mkNP = \a,b,g -> UsePN (mkPN a b g nonmasculine) ; -- gender irrelevant in NP + npReg = \s,g -> UsePN (pnReg s g nonmasculine) ; + + mkAdj1 = \liten, litet, lilla, små -> + {s = table { + Strong (ASg Utr) => \\c => mkCase c liten ; + Strong (ASg Neutr) => \\c => mkCase c litet ; + Strong APl => \\c => mkCase c små ; + Weak (AxSg Masc) => \\c => mkCase c (Predef.tk 1 lilla + "e") ; + Weak _ => \\c => mkCase c lilla + } + } ; + + adjReg = \billig -> mkAdj1 billig (billig + "t") (billig + "a") (billig + "a") ; + adjNykter = \nykter -> + let {nyktr = Predef.tk 2 nykter + Predef.dp 1 nykter} in + mkAdj1 nykter (nykter + "t") (nyktr + "a") (nyktr + "a") ; + adjGalen = \galen -> + let {gal = Predef.tk 2 galen} in + mkAdj1 galen (gal + "et") (gal + "na") (gal + "na") ; + adjInvar = \bra -> {s = \\_,_ => bra} ; + + mkAdj2 = \a,p -> a ** {s2 = p} ; + mkAdj2Reg = \a -> mkAdj2 (adjReg a) ; + + mkAdjDeg = \liten, litet, lilla, sma, mindre, minst, minsta -> + let {lit = (mkAdj1 liten litet lilla sma).s} in + {s = table { + AF (Posit f) c => lit ! f ! c ; + AF Compar c => mkCase c mindre ; + AF (Super SupStrong) c => mkCase c minst ; + AF (Super SupWeak) c => mkCase c minsta --- masculine! + } + } ; + + aReg = \fin -> mkAdjDeg fin + (fin + "t") (fin + "a") (fin + "a") (fin + "are") (fin + "ast") (fin + "aste") ; + + apReg = \s -> AdjP1 (adjReg s) ; + + mkV = mkVerb ; + vKoka = \tala -> mkV tala (tala+"r") tala ; + vSteka = \leka -> let {lek = Predef.tk 1 leka} in mkV leka (lek + "er") lek ; + vBo = \bo -> mkV bo (bo+"r") bo ; + vAndas = \andas -> mkV andas andas andas ; + vTrivas = \trivas -> + let {trivs = Predef.tk 1 trivas + "s"} in mkV trivas trivs trivs ; + vVara = verbVara ; + vHa = verbHava ; + mkTV = mkTransVerb ; + tvDir = \v -> mkTV v [] ; + +} ; |