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diff --git a/next-lib/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf b/next-lib/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf deleted file mode 100644 index e3abbe191..000000000 --- a/next-lib/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,470 +0,0 @@ ---# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common - ---1 Russian Lexical Paradigms --- --- Janna Khegai 2003--2006 --- --- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar --- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming --- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs. --- --- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are --- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. --- --- The main difference with $MorphoRus.gf$ is that the types --- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover --- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather --- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms. --- --- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following: --- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all --- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an --- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$. --- --- The following modules are presupposed: - -resource ParadigmsRus = open - Prelude, - MorphoRus, - CatRus, - NounRus - in { - -flags coding=utf8 ; - ---2 Parameters --- --- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers. - -oper - Gender : Type ; - masculine : Gender ; - feminine : Gender ; - neuter : Gender ; - --- To abstract over case names, we define the following. - Case : Type ; - - nominative : Case ; - genitive : Case ; - dative : Case ; - accusative : Case ; - instructive : Case ; - prepositional : Case ; - --- In some (written in English) textbooks accusative case --- is put on the second place. However, we follow the case order --- standard for Russian textbooks. - --- To abstract over number names, we define the following. - Number : Type ; - - singular : Number ; - plural : Number ; - ---2 Nouns - - Animacy: Type ; - - animate: Animacy; - inanimate: Animacy; - --- Indeclinabe nouns: "кофе", "пальто", "ВУЗ". - - mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ; - - mkN : overload { - --- The regular function captures the variants for some common noun endings. - - mkN : (karta : Str) -> N ; - mkN : (tigr : Str) -> Animacy -> N ; - --- Worst case - give six singular forms: --- Nominative, Genetive, Dative, Accusative, Instructive and Prepositional; --- and the prepositional form after в and на, and --- the corresponding six plural forms and the gender and animacy. - - mkN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N - } ; - - mkN2 : overload { - --- Genitive with no preposition. - - mkN2 : N -> N2 ; - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; - } ; - - - mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; - --- Proper names. - - mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша" - nounPN : N -> PN ; - - ---2 Adjectives - --- Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7) --- forms in the worst case: - - --- (Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural) * - --- (Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative Inanimate | Accusative Animate | --- Instructive | Prepositional) - - --- Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included --- in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for --- positive degree. - - mkA : overload { - --- Regular and invariant adjectives with regular comparative. - - mkA : (positive : Str) -> A ; - --- Adjectives with irregular comparative. - - mkA : (positive, comparative : Str) -> A ; - } ; - --- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments. - - mkA2 : A -> Str -> Case -> A2 ; -- "делим на" - --- Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective --- (28 forms without short forms). --- Taking only one comparative form (non-syntactic) and --- only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the --- comparison adjective with only one extra argument - --- non-syntactic comparative form. --- Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms. - - --- mkADeg : A -> Str -> ADeg ; - --- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is --- just to use a one-place adjective. --- ap : A -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ; - ---2 Adverbs - --- Adverbs are not inflected. - - mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; - ---2 Verbs --- --- In our lexicon description ("Verbum") there are 62 forms: --- 2 (Voice) by { 1 (infinitive) + [2(number) by 3 (person)](imperative) + --- [ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) + [2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) + --- 4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+ 4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) } --- Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included, --- since they fuction more like Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly --- rather than verbs. Aspect is regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb. --- Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs. - -Voice: Type; -Aspect: Type; -Bool: Type; -Conjugation: Type ; - -first: Conjugation; -- "гуля-Ешь, гуля-Ем" -firstE: Conjugation; -- Verbs with vowel "ё": "даёшь" (give), "пьёшь" (drink) -second: Conjugation; -- "вид-Ишь, вид-Им" -mixed: Conjugation; -- "хоч-Ешь - хот-Им" -dolzhen: Conjugation; -- irregular -foreign: Conjugation; -- foreign words which are used in Russian, +++ MG_UR: added +++ - - -true: Bool; -false: Bool; - -active: Voice ; -passive: Voice ; -imperfective: Aspect; -perfective: Aspect ; - - --- The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood --- ("я бегу", "ты бежишь", "он бежит", "мы бежим", "вы бежите", "они бегут"), --- a past form (singular, masculine: "я бежал"), an imperative form --- (singular, second person: "беги"), an infinitive ("бежать"). --- Inherent aspect should also be specified. - --- mkVerbum : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3, - mkV : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3, - presentPlP1,presentPlP2,presentPlP3, - pastSgMasculine,imperative,infinitive: Str) -> V ; - --- Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations: --- first - verbs ending with "-ать/-ять" and second - "-ить/-еть". --- Instead of 6 present forms of the worst case, we only need --- a present stem and one ending (singular, first person): --- "я люб-лю", "я жд-у", etc. To determine where the border --- between stem and ending lies it is sufficient to compare --- first person from with second person form: --- "я люб-лю", "ты люб-ишь". Stems shoud be the same. --- So the definition for verb "любить" looks like: --- regV Imperfective Second "люб" "лю" "любил" "люби" "любить"; - - regV :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPresentSgP1,endingPresentSgP1, - pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive : Str) -> V ; - - --- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that --- a particle can be included in a $V$. - - mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative - mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт" - dirV2 : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить" - tvDirDir : V -> V3 ; - --- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are --- hidden from the document. ---. - Gender = MorphoRus.Gender ; - Case = MorphoRus.Case ; - Number = MorphoRus.Number ; - Animacy = MorphoRus.Animacy; - Aspect = MorphoRus.Aspect; - Voice = MorphoRus.Voice ; - --Tense = Tense ; - Bool = Prelude.Bool ; - Conjugation = MorphoRus.Conjugation; -first = First ; -firstE = FirstE ; -second = Second ; -secondA = SecondA ; -mixed = Mixed ; -dolzhen = Dolzhen; -foreign = Foreign; -- +++ MG_UR: added +++ - - true = True; - false = False ; - masculine = Masc ; - feminine = Fem ; - neuter = Neut ; - nominative = Nom ; - accusative = Acc ; - dative = Dat ; - genitive = Gen ; - instructive = Inst ; - prepositional = Prepos PrepOther ; -- FIXME: not correct for v and na - singular = Sg ; - plural = Pl ; - animate = Animate ; - inanimate = Inanimate ; - active = Act ; - passive = Pass ; - imperfective = Imperfective ; - perfective = Perfective ; - -- present = Present ; - --past = Past ; - -- Degree = Pos | Comp | Super ; - -- Person = P1 | P2 | P3 ; - -- AfterPrep = Yes | No ; - -- Possessive = NonPoss | Poss GenNum ; - --- Noun definitions - - mkN = overload { - mkN : (karta : Str) -> N = mk1N ; - mkN : (tigr : Str) -> Animacy -> N = \nom, anim -> case anim of { Animate => nAnimate (mk1N nom) ; - Inanimate => mk1N nom } ; - mkN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, - nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N = mkWorstN - } ; - - mkIndeclinableNoun = \s,g, anim -> - { - s = table { NF _ _ => s } ; - g = g ; - anim = anim - } ** {lock_N = <>}; - - oper mkWorstN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, - nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N - = \nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, - nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl, g, anim -> - { - s = table { - NF Sg Nom => nomSg ; - NF Sg Gen => genSg ; - NF Sg Dat => datSg ; - NF Sg Acc => accSg ; - NF Sg Inst => instSg ; - NF Sg (Prepos PrepOther) => preposSg ; - NF Sg (Prepos PrepVNa) => prepos2Sg ; - NF Pl Nom => nomPl ; - NF Pl Gen => genPl ; - NF Pl Dat => datPl ; - NF Pl Acc => accPl ; - NF Pl Inst => instPl ; - NF Pl (Prepos _) => preposPl - } ; - g = g ; - anim = anim - } ** {lock_N = <>} ; - - oper mk1N : Str -> N = \x -> - case x of { - stem+"онок" => nDecl10Hard stem ; - stem+"ёнок" => nDecl10Soft stem ; --- stem+"aнин" => nDecl11 stem ; - stem@(_+"и")+"й" => nDecl7Masc stem; - stem@(_+"и")+"я" => nDecl7Fem stem; - stem@(_+"и")+"е" => nDecl7Neut stem; - stem+"ее" => nAdj { s = (mk1A (stem+"ий")).s!Posit } Neut; - stem+"ое" => nAdj { s = (mk1A (stem+(iAfter stem)+"й")).s!Posit } Neut; - stem+"мя" => nDecl9 stem ; - stem@(_+("а"|"е"|"ё"|"о"|"у"|"ы"|"э"|"ю"|"я"))+"й" => nDecl6Masc stem ; - stem@(_+("а"|"е"|"ё"|"о"|"у"|"ы"|"э"|"ю"|"я"))+"е" => nDecl6Neut stem ; - stem@(_+("а"|"е"|"ё"|"о"|"у"|"ы"|"э"|"ю"|"я"))+"я" => nDecl6Fem stem ; - stem@(_+("ч"|"щ"|"ш"|"ж"|"п"|"эн"|"м"|"ф"))+"ь" => nDecl8 stem ; - stem@(_+("д"|"т"|"ст"|"с"|"в"|"б"))+"ь" => nDecl8 stem ; - stem@(_+"ш"|"ж"|"ч"|"щ"|"ц")+"е" => nRegHardNeut stem; - stem+"е" => nRegSoftNeut stem ; - stem+"я" => nRegSoftFem stem ; - stem+"ь" => nRegSoftMasc stem ; - stem+"о" => nRegHardNeut stem ; - stem+"а" => nRegHardFem stem ; - stem => nRegHardMasc stem - } ** {lock_N = <>} ; - - - --- An individual-valued function is a common noun together with the --- preposition prefixed to its argument ("клZ+ о' дома"). --- The situation is analogous to two-place adjectives and transitive verbs. --- --- We allow the genitive construction to be used as a variant of --- all function applications. It would definitely be too restrictive only --- to allow it when the required case is genitive. We don't know if there --- are counterexamples to the liberal choice we've made. - - oper mkN2 = overload { - mkN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> mkFun n nullPrep ; - mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mkFun; - } ; - - mkFun : N -> Prep -> N2 = \f,p -> UseN f ** {c2 = p ; lock_N2 = <>} ; - - nullPrep : Prep = {s = []; c= Gen; lock_Prep=<>} ; - - mkN3 f p2 p3 = (UseN f) ** {c2 = p2; c3 = p3; lock_N3 = <>} ; - - - mkPN = \ivan, g, anim -> - case g of { - Masc => mkProperNameMasc ivan anim ; - _ => mkProperNameFem ivan anim - } ** {lock_PN =<>}; - nounPN n = {s=\\c => n.s! NF Sg c; anim=n.anim; g=n.g; lock_PN=<>}; - --- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and --- $NP$ rather than $PN$. - - makeCN : N -> CN ; - makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ; - - - makeCN = UseN; - - makeNP = \x,y,z -> UsePN (mkPN x y z) ; - - mkA = overload { - mkA : (positive : Str) -> A = mk1A ; - mkA : (positive, comparative : Str) -> A = mk2A; - } ; - - mk1A : Str -> A = \positive -> - let stem = Predef.tk 2 positive in mk2A positive (stem+"ее") ; - - mk2A : Str -> Str -> A = \positive, comparative -> - case positive of { - stem+"ый" => mkAdjDeg (aRegHardStemStress stem) comparative ; - stem+"ой" => mkAdjDeg (aRegHardEndStress stem) comparative ; - stem@(_+("г"|"к"|"х"))+"ий" => mkAdjDeg (aRegHardStemStress stem) comparative; - stem@(_+("ш"|"ж"|"ч"|"щ"))+"ий" => mkAdjDeg (aRegHardStemStress stem) comparative; - stem+"ий" => mkAdjDeg (aRegSoft stem) comparative ; - stem => mkAdjDeg (adjInvar stem) comparative - } ; - - -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto - adjInvar : Str -> Adjective = \stem -> { s = \\_ => stem } ; - - oper mkAdjDeg: Adjective -> Str -> A = \adj, s -> - { s = table - { - Posit => adj.s ; - Compar => \\af => s ; - Superl => \\af => samuj.s !af ++ adj.s ! af - } - } ** {lock_A = <>}; - - - mkA2 a p c= a ** {c2 = {s=p; c=c}; lock_A2 = <>}; --- mkADeg a s = mkAdjDeg a s ** {lock_ADeg = <>}; -- defined in morpho.RusU - --- ap a p = mkAdjPhrase a p ** {lock_AP = <>}; -- defined in syntax module - - mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ; - --- Verb definitions - --- mkVerbum = \asp, sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3, - mkV = \asp, sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3, - sgMascPast, imperSgP2, inf -> case asp of { - Perfective => - mkVerbPerfective inf imperSgP2 - (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast) - ** { lock_V=<> }; - Imperfective => - mkVerbImperfective inf imperSgP2 - (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast) - ** { lock_V=<> } - }; - - oper presentConj: (_,_,_,_,_,_: Str) -> PresentVerb = - \sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3 -> - table { - PRF (GSg _) P1 => sgP1 ; - PRF (GSg _) P2 => sgP2 ; - PRF (GSg _) P3 => sgP3 ; - PRF APl P1 => plP1 ; - PRF APl P2 => plP2 ; - PRF APl P3 => plP3 - }; - - regV a b c d e f g = verbDecl a b c d e f g ** {lock_V = <>} ; - -- defined in morpho.RusU.gf -{- - mkV a b = extVerb a b ** {lock_V = <>}; -- defined in types.RusU.gf - - mkPresentV = \aller, vox -> - { s = table { - VFin gn p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIND (VPresent (numGNum gn) p)) ; - VImper n p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIMP n p) ; - VInf => aller.s ! VFORM vox VINF ; - VSubj gn => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VSUB gn) - }; t = Present ; a = aller.asp ; w = vox ; lock_V = <>} ; --} - mkV2 v p cas = v ** {c2 = {s=p; c=cas}; lock_V2 = <>}; - dirV2 v = mkV2 v [] Acc; - - - tvDirDir v = mkV3 v "" "" Acc Dat; - --- *Ditransitive verbs* are verbs with three argument places. --- We treat so far only the rule in which the ditransitive --- verb takes both complements to form a verb phrase. - - mkV3 v s1 s2 c1 c2 = v ** {c2 = {s=s1; c=c1}; c3={s=s2; c=c2}; lock_V3 = <>}; - -} ; - |