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---1 The Ontology of the Phrasebook
-
---2 Syntactic Structures of the Phrasebook
-
--- This module contains phrases that can be defined by a functor over the
--- resource grammar API. The phrases that are likely to have different implementations
--- are in the module Words. But the distinction is not quite sharp; thus it may happen
--- that the functor instantiations make exceptions.
-
-abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {
-
--- The ontology of the phrasebook is defined by the following types. The commented ones
--- are defined in other modules.
-
- cat
- Phrase ; -- complete phrase, the unit of translation e.g. "Where are you?"
- Word ; -- word that could be used as phrase e.g. "Monday"
- Message ; -- sequence of phrases, longest unit e.g. "Hello! Where are you?"
- Greeting ; -- idiomatic greeting e.g. "hello"
- Sentence ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "I am in the bar"
- Question ; -- question, either yes/no or wh e.g. "where are you"
- Proposition ; -- can be turned into sentence or question e.g. "this pizza is good"
- Object ; -- the object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas and a beer"
- PrimObject ; -- single object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas"
- Item ; -- a single entity e.g. "this pizza"
- Kind ; -- a type of an item e.g. "pizza"
- MassKind ; -- a type mass (uncountable) e.g. "water"
- PlurKind ; -- a type usually only in plural e.g. "noodles"
- DrinkKind ; -- a drinkable, countable type e.g. "beer"
- Quality ; -- qualification of an item, can be complex e.g. "very good"
- Property ; -- basic property of an item, one word e.g. "good"
- Place ; -- location e.g. "the bar"
- PlaceKind ; -- type of location e.g. "bar"
- Currency ; -- currency unit e.g. "leu"
- Price ; -- number of currency units e.g. "eleven leu"
- Person ; -- agent wanting or doing something e.g. "you"
- Action ; -- proposition about a Person e.g. "you are here"
- Nationality ; -- complex of language, property, country e.g. "Swedish, Sweden"
- LAnguage ; -- language (can be without nationality) e.g. "Flemish"
- Citizenship ; -- property (can be without language) e.g. "Belgian"
- Country ; -- country (can be without language) e.g. "Belgium"
- Day ; -- weekday type e.g. "Friday"
- Date ; -- definite date e.g. "on Friday"
- Name ; -- name of person e.g. "NN"
- Number ; -- number expression 1 .. 999,999 e.g. "twenty"
- Transport ; -- transportation device e.g. "car"
- ByTransport ; -- mean of transportation e.g. "by tram"
- Superlative ; -- superlative modifiers of places e.g. "the best restaurant"
-
-
- fun
-
--- To build a whole message
-
- MPhrase : Phrase -> Message ;
- MContinue : Phrase -> Message -> Message ;
-
--- Many of the categories are accessible as Phrases, i.e. as translation units.
--- To regulate whether words appear on the top level, change their status between
--- Word and Phrase, or uncomment PWord,
-
- -- PWord : Word -> Phrase ;
-
- PGreetingMale : Greeting -> Phrase ; -- depends on speaker e.g. in Thai
- PGreetingFemale : Greeting -> Phrase ;
- PSentence : Sentence -> Phrase ;
- PQuestion : Question -> Phrase ;
-
- PNumber : Number -> Phrase ;
- PPrice : Price -> Phrase ;
- PObject : Object -> Word ;
- PKind : Kind -> Word ;
- PMassKind : MassKind -> Word ;
- PQuality : Quality -> Word ;
- PPlace : Place -> Word ;
- PPlaceKind : PlaceKind -> Word ;
- PCurrency : Currency -> Word ;
- PLanguage : LAnguage -> Word ;
- PCitizenship : Citizenship -> Word ;
- PCountry : Country -> Word ;
- PDay : Day -> Word ;
- PByTransport : ByTransport -> Word ;
- PTransport : Transport -> Word ;
-
- PYes, PNo, PYesToNo : Greeting ; -- yes, no, si/doch (pos. answer to neg. question)
-
--- To order something.
-
- GObjectPlease : Object -> Greeting ; -- a pizza and beer, please!
-
--- This is the way to build propositions about inanimate items.
-
- Is : Item -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- this pizza is good
- IsMass : MassKind -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- Belgian beer is good
-
--- To use propositions on higher levels.
-
- SProp : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza is good
- SPropNot : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza isn't good
- QProp : Proposition -> Question ; -- is this pizza good
-
- WherePlace : Place -> Question ; -- where is the bar
- WherePerson : Person -> Question ; -- where are you
-
--- This is the way to build propositions about persons.
-
- PropAction : Action -> Proposition ; -- (you (are|aren't) | are you) Swedish
-
--- Here are some general syntactic constructions.
-
- ObjItem : Item -> PrimObject ; -- this pizza
- ObjNumber : Number -> Kind -> PrimObject ; -- five pizzas
- ObjIndef : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- a pizza
- ObjPlural : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- pizzas
- ObjPlur : PlurKind -> PrimObject ; -- noodles
- ObjMass : MassKind -> PrimObject ; -- water
- ObjAndObj : PrimObject -> Object -> Object ; -- this pizza and a beer
- OneObj : PrimObject -> Object ; -- this pizza
-
- SuchKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ; -- Italian pizza
- SuchMassKind : Quality -> MassKind -> MassKind ; -- Italian water
- Very : Property -> Quality ; -- very Italian
- Too : Property -> Quality ; -- too Italian
- PropQuality : Property -> Quality ; -- Italian
-
- MassDrink : DrinkKind -> MassKind ; -- beer
- DrinkNumber : Number -> DrinkKind -> PrimObject ; -- five beers
-
--- Determiners.
-
- This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ; -- this pizza,...,those pizzas
- The, Thes : Kind -> Item ; -- the pizza, the pizzas
- ThisMass, ThatMass, TheMass : MassKind -> Item ; -- this/that/the water
- ThesePlur, ThosePlur, ThesPlur : PlurKind -> Item ; -- these/those/the potatoes
-
- AmountCurrency : Number -> Currency -> Price ; -- five euros
-
- ThePlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- the bar
- APlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- a bar
-
- IMale, IFemale, -- I, said by man/woman (affects agreement)
- YouFamMale, YouFamFemale, -- familiar you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
- YouPolMale, YouPolFemale : Person ; -- polite you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
-
- LangNat : Nationality -> LAnguage ; -- Swedish
- CitiNat : Nationality -> Citizenship ; -- Swedish
- CountryNat : Nationality -> Country ; -- Sweden
- PropCit : Citizenship -> Property ; -- Swedish
-
- OnDay : Day -> Date ; -- on Friday
- Today : Date ; -- today
-
- PersonName : Name -> Person ; -- person referred by name
- NameNN : Name ; -- the name "NN"
-
----- NameString : String -> Name ; ---- creates ambiguities with all words --%
-
- NNumeral : Numeral -> Number ; -- numeral in words, e.g. "twenty"
-
--- Actions are typically language-dependent, not only lexically but also
--- structurally. However, these ones are mostly functorial.
-
- SHave : Person -> Object -> Sentence ; -- you have beer
- SHaveNo : Person -> Kind -> Sentence ; -- you have no apples
- SHaveNoMass : Person -> MassKind -> Sentence ; -- you have no beer
- QDoHave : Person -> Object -> Question ; -- do you have beer
-
- AHaveCurr : Person -> Currency -> Action ; -- you have dollars
- ACitizen : Person -> Citizenship -> Action ; -- you are Swedish
- ABePlace : Person -> Place -> Action ; -- you are in the bar
-
- ByTransp : Transport -> ByTransport ; -- by bus
-
- AKnowSentence : Person -> Sentence -> Action ; -- you know that I am in the bar
- AKnowPerson : Person -> Person -> Action ; -- you know me
- AKnowQuestion : Person -> Question -> Action ; -- you know how far the bar is
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- New things added 30/11/2011 by AR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- cat
- VerbPhrase ; -- things one does, can do, must do, wants to do, e.g. swim
- Modality ; -- can, want, must
- fun
- ADoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I swim
- AModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I can swim
- ADoVerbPhrasePlace : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I swim in the hotel
- AModVerbPhrasePlace : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I can swim in the hotel
-
- QWhereDoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where do you swim
- QWhereModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where can I swim
-
- MCan, MKnow, MMust, MWant : Modality ;
-
--- lexical items given in the resource Lexicon
-
- VPlay, VRun, VSit, VSleep, VSwim, VWalk : VerbPhrase ;
- VDrink, VEat, VRead, VWait, VWrite, VSit, VStop : VerbPhrase ;
- V2Buy, V2Drink, V2Eat : Object -> VerbPhrase ;
- V2Wait : Person -> VerbPhrase ;
-
- PImperativeFamPos, -- eat
- PImperativeFamNeg, -- don't eat
- PImperativePolPos, -- essen Sie
- PImperativePolNeg, -- essen Sie nicht
- PImperativePlurPos, -- esst
- PImperativePlurNeg : -- esst nicht
- VerbPhrase -> Phrase ;
-
--- other new things allowed by the resource
-
---- PBecause : Sentence -> Sentence -> Phrase ; -- I want to swim because it is hot
-
- He, She, -- he, she
- WeMale, WeFemale, -- we, said by men/women (affects agreement)
- YouPlurFamMale, YouPlurFamFemale, -- plural familiar you, said to men/women (affects agreement)
- YouPlurPolMale, YouPlurPolFemale, -- plural polite you, said to men/women (affects agreement)
- TheyMale, TheyFemale : Person ; -- they, said of men/women (affects agreement)
-
-}
-