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--1 The Ontology of the Phrasebook
--2 Syntactic Structures of the Phrasebook
-- This module contains phrases that can be defined by a functor over the
-- resource grammar API. The phrases that are likely to have different implementations
-- are in the module Words. But the distinction is not quite sharp; thus it may happen
-- that the functor instantiations make exceptions.
abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {
-- The ontology of the phrasebook is defined by the following types. The commented ones
-- are defined in other modules.
cat
Phrase ; -- complete phrase, the unit of translation e.g. "Where are you?"
Word ; -- word that could be used as phrase e.g. "Monday"
Message ; -- sequence of phrases, longest unit e.g. "Hello! Where are you?"
Greeting ; -- idiomatic greeting e.g. "hello"
Sentence ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "I am in the bar"
Question ; -- question, either yes/no or wh e.g. "where are you"
Proposition ; -- can be turned into sentence or question e.g. "this pizza is good"
Object ; -- the object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas and a beer"
PrimObject ; -- single object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas"
Item ; -- a single entity e.g. "this pizza"
Kind ; -- a type of an item e.g. "pizza"
MassKind ; -- a type mass (uncountable) e.g. "water"
PlurKind ; -- a type usually only in plural e.g. "noodles"
DrinkKind ; -- a drinkable, countable type e.g. "beer"
Quality ; -- qualification of an item, can be complex e.g. "very good"
Property ; -- basic property of an item, one word e.g. "good"
Place ; -- location e.g. "the bar"
PlaceKind ; -- type of location e.g. "bar"
Currency ; -- currency unit e.g. "leu"
Price ; -- number of currency units e.g. "eleven leu"
Person ; -- agent wanting or doing something e.g. "you"
Action ; -- proposition about a Person e.g. "you are here"
Nationality ; -- complex of language, property, country e.g. "Swedish, Sweden"
LAnguage ; -- language (can be without nationality) e.g. "Flemish"
Citizenship ; -- property (can be without language) e.g. "Belgian"
Country ; -- country (can be without language) e.g. "Belgium"
Day ; -- weekday type e.g. "Friday"
Date ; -- definite date e.g. "on Friday"
Name ; -- name of person e.g. "NN"
Number ; -- number expression 1 .. 999,999 e.g. "twenty"
Transport ; -- transportation device e.g. "car"
ByTransport ; -- mean of transportation e.g. "by tram"
Superlative ; -- superlative modifiers of places e.g. "the best restaurant"
fun
-- To build a whole message
MPhrase : Phrase -> Message ;
MContinue : Phrase -> Message -> Message ;
-- Many of the categories are accessible as Phrases, i.e. as translation units.
-- To regulate whether words appear on the top level, change their status between
-- Word and Phrase, or uncomment PWord,
-- PWord : Word -> Phrase ;
PGreetingMale : Greeting -> Phrase ; -- depends on speaker e.g. in Thai
PGreetingFemale : Greeting -> Phrase ;
PSentence : Sentence -> Phrase ;
PQuestion : Question -> Phrase ;
PNumber : Number -> Phrase ;
PPrice : Price -> Phrase ;
PObject : Object -> Word ;
PKind : Kind -> Word ;
PMassKind : MassKind -> Word ;
PQuality : Quality -> Word ;
PPlace : Place -> Word ;
PPlaceKind : PlaceKind -> Word ;
PCurrency : Currency -> Word ;
PLanguage : LAnguage -> Word ;
PCitizenship : Citizenship -> Word ;
PCountry : Country -> Word ;
PDay : Day -> Word ;
PByTransport : ByTransport -> Word ;
PTransport : Transport -> Word ;
PYes, PNo, PYesToNo : Greeting ; -- yes, no, si/doch (pos. answer to neg. question)
-- To order something.
GObjectPlease : Object -> Greeting ; -- a pizza and beer, please!
-- This is the way to build propositions about inanimate items.
Is : Item -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- this pizza is good
IsMass : MassKind -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- Belgian beer is good
-- To use propositions on higher levels.
SProp : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza is good
SPropNot : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza isn't good
QProp : Proposition -> Question ; -- is this pizza good
WherePlace : Place -> Question ; -- where is the bar
WherePerson : Person -> Question ; -- where are you
-- This is the way to build propositions about persons.
PropAction : Action -> Proposition ; -- (you (are|aren't) | are you) Swedish
-- Here are some general syntactic constructions.
ObjItem : Item -> PrimObject ; -- this pizza
ObjNumber : Number -> Kind -> PrimObject ; -- five pizzas
ObjIndef : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- a pizza
ObjPlural : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- pizzas
ObjPlur : PlurKind -> PrimObject ; -- noodles
ObjMass : MassKind -> PrimObject ; -- water
ObjAndObj : PrimObject -> Object -> Object ; -- this pizza and a beer
OneObj : PrimObject -> Object ; -- this pizza
SuchKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ; -- Italian pizza
SuchMassKind : Quality -> MassKind -> MassKind ; -- Italian water
Very : Property -> Quality ; -- very Italian
Too : Property -> Quality ; -- too Italian
PropQuality : Property -> Quality ; -- Italian
MassDrink : DrinkKind -> MassKind ; -- beer
DrinkNumber : Number -> DrinkKind -> PrimObject ; -- five beers
-- Determiners.
This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ; -- this pizza,...,those pizzas
The, Thes : Kind -> Item ; -- the pizza, the pizzas
ThisMass, ThatMass, TheMass : MassKind -> Item ; -- this/that/the water
ThesePlur, ThosePlur, ThesPlur : PlurKind -> Item ; -- these/those/the potatoes
AmountCurrency : Number -> Currency -> Price ; -- five euros
ThePlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- the bar
APlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- a bar
IMale, IFemale, -- I, said by man/woman (affects agreement)
YouFamMale, YouFamFemale, -- familiar you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
YouPolMale, YouPolFemale : Person ; -- polite you, said to man/woman (affects agreement)
LangNat : Nationality -> LAnguage ; -- Swedish
CitiNat : Nationality -> Citizenship ; -- Swedish
CountryNat : Nationality -> Country ; -- Sweden
PropCit : Citizenship -> Property ; -- Swedish
OnDay : Day -> Date ; -- on Friday
Today : Date ; -- today
PersonName : Name -> Person ; -- person referred by name
NameNN : Name ; -- the name "NN"
---- NameString : String -> Name ; ---- creates ambiguities with all words --%
NNumeral : Numeral -> Number ; -- numeral in words, e.g. "twenty"
-- Actions are typically language-dependent, not only lexically but also
-- structurally. However, these ones are mostly functorial.
SHave : Person -> Object -> Sentence ; -- you have beer
SHaveNo : Person -> Kind -> Sentence ; -- you have no apples
SHaveNoMass : Person -> MassKind -> Sentence ; -- you have no beer
QDoHave : Person -> Object -> Question ; -- do you have beer
AHaveCurr : Person -> Currency -> Action ; -- you have dollars
ACitizen : Person -> Citizenship -> Action ; -- you are Swedish
ABePlace : Person -> Place -> Action ; -- you are in the bar
ByTransp : Transport -> ByTransport ; -- by bus
AKnowSentence : Person -> Sentence -> Action ; -- you know that I am in the bar
AKnowPerson : Person -> Person -> Action ; -- you know me
AKnowQuestion : Person -> Question -> Action ; -- you know how far the bar is
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- New things added 30/11/2011 by AR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat
VerbPhrase ; -- things one does, can do, must do, wants to do, e.g. swim
Modality ; -- can, want, must
fun
ADoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I swim
AModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I can swim
ADoVerbPhrasePlace : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I swim in the hotel
AModVerbPhrasePlace : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I can swim in the hotel
QWhereDoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where do you swim
QWhereModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where can I swim
MCan, MKnow, MMust, MWant : Modality ;
-- lexical items given in the resource Lexicon
VPlay, VRun, VSit, VSleep, VSwim, VWalk : VerbPhrase ;
VDrink, VEat, VRead, VWait, VWrite, VSit, VStop : VerbPhrase ;
V2Buy, V2Drink, V2Eat : Object -> VerbPhrase ;
V2Wait : Person -> VerbPhrase ;
PImperativeFamPos, -- eat
PImperativeFamNeg, -- don't eat
PImperativePolPos, -- essen Sie
PImperativePolNeg, -- essen Sie nicht
PImperativePlurPos, -- esst
PImperativePlurNeg : -- esst nicht
VerbPhrase -> Phrase ;
-- other new things allowed by the resource
--- PBecause : Sentence -> Sentence -> Phrase ; -- I want to swim because it is hot
He, She, -- he, she
WeMale, WeFemale, -- we, said by men/women (affects agreement)
YouPlurFamMale, YouPlurFamFemale, -- plural familiar you, said to men/women (affects agreement)
YouPlurPolMale, YouPlurPolFemale, -- plural polite you, said to men/women (affects agreement)
TheyMale, TheyFemale : Person ; -- they, said of men/women (affects agreement)
}
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