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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<TITLE>GF - Grammatical Framework</TITLE>
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<H1>Grammatical Framework</H1>
<P>
Version 3.1
<br>
December 2009
<P>
<font size=+2>
[ <A HREF="demos/index.html">Demos</A>
| <A HREF="download/index.html">Download</A>
| <A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">Libraries</A>
| <A HREF="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</A>
| <A HREF="doc/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</A>
]
</font>
<P>
[ <A HREF="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/wiki/SideBar?tm=6">Developers</A>
| <A HREF="doc/gf-people.html">People</A>
| <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">Publications</A>
| <A HREF="doc/gf-reference.html">QuickRefCard</A>
| <A HREF="doc/resource-tutorial.pdf">LibTutorial</A>
]
</div>
<H2>News</H2>
<div class=news>
<p>15 December 2009:
<ul class=news>
<li><strong>GF version 3.1 released</strong>.
See the <a href="download/index.html">Download</a> page.
<li>There is now a
<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">GF Google Group</a>
where developers and users can discuss GF.
<li>There is now a
<a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/">GF Project page on
Google Code</a>, with a bug tracker among other things.
</ul>
</div>
<H2>What is GF</H2>
<P>
GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
<B>multilingual grammar applications</B>. It is
</P>
<UL>
<LI>a <B>special-purpose language for grammars</B>, like YACC, Bison, Happy, BNFC,
but not restricted to programming languages
<LI>a <B>functional language</B>, like Haskell, Lisp, OCaml, Scheme, SML,
but specialized to grammar writing
<LI>a <B>natural language processing framework</B>, like LKB, XLE, Regulus,
but based on functional programming and type theory
<LI>a <B>categorial grammar formalism</B>, like ACG, CCG,
but different and equipped with different tools
<LI>a <B>logical framework</B>, like Agda, Coq, Isabelle,
but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
</UL>
<P>
Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
</P>
<H2>Applications</H2>
<P>
GF can be used for building
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se:41296">text translators</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se:41296/fridge">multilingual web gadgets</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~bringert/gf/translatespeech.html">speech translators</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~markus/gramlets/letter-applet.html">multilingual authoring systems</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~bringert/xv/pizza/">dialogue systems</A>
<LI><A HREF="lib/resource/doc/synopsis.html">natural language resources</A>
</UL>
<H2>Availability</H2>
<P>
GF is <B>open-source</B>, licensed under <A HREF="LICENSE">GPL</A> (the program) and
<A HREF="lib/LICENSE">LGPL</A> (the libraries). It
is available for
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Linux
<LI>Mac OS X
<LI>Windows
<LI>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser
</UL>
<H2>Projects</H2>
<P>
GF was first created in 1998 at
<A HREF="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</A>,
Grenoble, in the project
Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
a restaurant phrase book,
a database query system,
a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
</P>
<P>
Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order,
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</A>:
natural language interface to formal proofs
<LI><A HREF="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</A>:
authoring tool for business models.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</A>:
authoring and translation of software specifications
<LI><A HREF="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</A>:
multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
<LI><A HREF="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</A>:
multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
<LI><A HREF="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</A>:
Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</A>
</UL>
<P>
Academically, GF has been used in four PhD theses and resulted in around
fifty scientific publications (see <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</A>).
</P>
<H2>Programming in GF</H2>
<P>
GF is easy to learn by following the <A HREF="doc/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</A>.
You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
</P>
<P>
GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written
in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Haskell
<LI>JavaScript
<LI>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF
</UL>
<P>
The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring
</P>
<UL>
<LI>static type checking
<LI>higher-order functions
<LI>dependent types
<LI>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions
<LI>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules
</UL>
<H2>Libraries</H2>
<P>
Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
<A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource grammar library</A> has
support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
</P>
<OL>
<LI>Arabic (partial)
<LI>Bulgarian
<LI>Catalan
<LI>Danish
<LI>Dutch
<LI>English
<LI>Finnish
<LI>French
<LI>German
<LI>Hindi/Urdu (fragments)
<LI><A HREF="http://www.interlingua.com/">Interlingua</A>
<LI>Italian
<LI>Latin (fragments)
<LI>Norwegian bokmål
<LI>Polish
<LI>Romanian
<LI>Russian
<LI>Spanish
<LI>Swedish
<LI>Thai (fragments)
</OL>
<P>
Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
months - contributions
are welcome! You can start with the <A HREF="doc/resource-tutorial.pdf">resource grammarian's tutorial</A>.
</P>
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