manual web page edits from cs.chalmers

author: aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> 2009-12-09 09:37:47 +0000
committer: aarne <aarne@chalmers.se> 2009-12-09 09:37:47 +0000
commit: 101df06f6c8380328d4266adadac3ab6d1bac0b3 (patch)
tree: c3303f42914904293a35ea57523e33e71a39ac18 /doc
parent: b0f3796360820d228f4763b77f2f033bc7a9b726 (diff)
2 files changed, 2 insertions, 636 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gf-ideas.html b/doc/gf-ideas.html
index 908ac4179..90894f599 100644
--- a/doc/gf-ideas.html
+++ b/doc/gf-ideas.html
@@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ This project is rather open: find some cool applications of
 the technology that are useful or entertaining on the web. Examples include
 </P>
 <UL>
-<LI>translators: see  <A HREF="http://129.16.250.57:41296/translate">demo</A>
+<LI>translators: see  <A HREF="http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se:41296/translate">demo</A>
 <LI>multilingual wikis: see <A HREF="http://csmisc14.cs.chalmers.se/~meza/restWiki/wiki.cgi">demo</A>
-<LI>fridge magnets: see  <A HREF="http://129.16.250.57:41296/fridge">demo</A>
+<LI>fridge magnets: see  <A HREF="http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se:41296/fridge">demo</A>
 </UL>
 
 <P>
diff --git a/doc/gf-summerschool.html b/doc/gf-summerschool.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 977a16735..000000000
--- a/doc/gf-summerschool.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,634 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
-<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-<TITLE>GF Resource Grammar Summer School</TITLE>
-</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
-<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Summer School</H1>
-<FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Gothenburg, 17-28 August 2009</I><BR>
-Aarne Ranta (aarne at chalmers.se)
-</FONT></CENTER>
-
-<P></P>
-<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
-<P></P>
-    <UL>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc1">News</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Executive summary</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Introduction</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">The GF resource grammar library</A>
-      <UL>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Missing EU languages, by the family</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc6">Applications of the library</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc7">The structure of the library</A>
-      </UL>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc8">The summer school</A>
-      <UL>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc9">Selecting participants</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc10">Who is qualified</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc11">Costs</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc12">Teachers</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc13">The Summer School Committee</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc14">Time and Place</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc15">Dissemination and intellectual property</A>
-      </UL>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc16">Why I should participate</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc17">More information</A>
-      <UL>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc18">Contact</A>
-      <LI><A HREF="#toc19">Selected publications from earlier resource grammar projects</A>
-      </UL>
-    </UL>
-
-<P></P>
-<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
-<P></P>
-<P>
-<center>
-<IMG ALIGN="middle" SRC="school-langs.png" BORDER="0" ALT="">
-</center>
-</P>
-<P>
-<I>red=wanted, green=exists, orange=in-progress, solid=official-eu, dotted=non-eu</I>
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc1"></A>
-<H2>News</H2>
-<P>
-An on-line course <I>GF for Resource Grammar Writers</I> will start on
-Monday 20 April at 15.30 CEST. The slides and recordings of the five
-45-minute lectures will be made available via this web page. If requested,
-the course may be repeated in the beginning of the summer school.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc2"></A>
-<H2>Executive summary</H2>
-<P>
-GF Resource Grammar Library is an open-source computational grammar resource
-that currently covers 12 languages.
-The Summer School is a part of a collaborative effort to extend the library 
-to all of the 23 official EU languages. Also other languages
-chosen by the participants are welcome.
-</P>
-<P>
-The missing EU languages are: 
-Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian,
-Maltese, Portuguese, Slovak, and Slovenian. There is also more work to
-be done on Polish and Romanian.
-</P>
-<P>
-The linguistic coverage of the library includes the inflectional morphology
-and basic syntax of each language. It can be used in GF applications
-and also ported to other formats. It can also be used for building other
-linguistic resources, such as morphological lexica and parsers.
-The library is licensed under LGPL.
-</P>
-<P>
-In the summer school, each language will be implemented by one or two students 
-working together. A morphology implementation will be credited
-as a Chalmers course worth 7.5 ETCS points; adding a syntax implementation 
-will be worth more. The estimated total work load is 1-2 months for the
-morphology, and 3-6 months for the whole grammar.
-</P>
-<P>
-Participation in the course is free. Registration is done via the courses's
-Google group, <A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/"><CODE>groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/</CODE></A>. The registration deadline is 15 June 2009.
-</P>
-<P>
-Some travel grants will be available. They are distributed on the basis of a
-GF programming contest in April and May.
-</P>
-<P>
-The summer school will be held on 17-28 August 2009, at the campus of 
-Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden.
-</P>
-<P>
-<IMG ALIGN="middle" SRC="align6.png" BORDER="0" ALT="">
-</P>
-<P>
-<I>Word alignment produced by GF from the resource grammar in Bulgarian, English, Italian, German, Finnish, French, and Swedish.</I>
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc3"></A>
-<H2>Introduction</H2>
-<P>
-Since 2007, EU-27 has 23 official languages, listed in the diagram on top of this
-document. There is a growing need of linguistic resources for these 
-languages, to help in tasks such as translation and information retrieval. 
-These resources should be <B>portable</B> and <B>freely accessible</B>.
-Languages marked in red in the diagram are of particular interest for 
-the summer school, since they are those on which the effort will be concentrated.
-</P>
-<P>
-GF (Grammatical Framework, 
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf"><CODE>digitalgrammars.com/gf</CODE></A>)
-is a <B>functional programming language</B> designed for writing natural
-language grammars. It provides an efficient platform for this task, due to
-its modern characteristics:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>It is a functional programming language, similar to Haskell and ML.
-<LI>It has a static type system and type checker.
-<LI>It has a powerful module system supporting separate compilation 
-  and data abstraction.
-<LI>It has an optimizing compiler to <B>Portable Grammar Format</B> (PGF).
-<LI>PGF can be further compiled to other formats, such as JavaScript and
-  speech recognition language models.
-<LI>GF has a <B>resource grammar library</B> giving access to the morphology and
-  basic syntax of 12 languages.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-In addition to "ordinary" grammars for single languages, GF
-supports <B>multilingual grammars</B>. A multilingual GF grammar consists of an 
-<B>abstract syntax</B> and a set of <B>concrete syntaxes</B>. 
-An abstract syntax is system of <B>trees</B>, serving as a semantic
-model or an ontology. A concrete syntax is a mapping from abstract syntax 
-trees to strings of a particular language.
-</P>
-<P>
-These mappings defined in concrete syntax are <B>reversible</B>: they
-can be used both for <B>generating</B> strings from trees, and for
-<B>parsing</B> strings into trees. Combinations of generation and
-parsing can be used for <B>translation</B>, where the abstract
-syntax works as an <B>interlingua</B>. Thus GF has been used as a
-framework for building translation systems in several areas
-of application and large sets of languages.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc4"></A>
-<H2>The GF resource grammar library</H2>
-<P>
-The GF resource grammar library is a set of grammars usable as libraries when
-building translation systems and other applications. 
-The library currently covers
-the 9 languages coloured in green in the diagram above; in addition, 
-Catalan, Norwegian, and Russian are covered, and there is ongoing work on
-Arabic, Hindi/Urdu, Polish, Romanian, and Thai.
-</P>
-<P>
-The purpose of the resource grammar library is to define the "low-level" structure
-of a language: inflection, word order, agreement. This structure belongs to what
-linguists call morphology and syntax. It can be very complex and requires
-a lot of knowledge. Yet, when translating from one language to 
-another, knowing morphology and syntax is but a part of what is needed. 
-The translator (whether human
-or machine) must understand the meaning of what is translated, and must also know
-the idiomatic way to express the meaning in the target language. This knowledge
-can be very domain-dependent and requires in general an expert in the field to
-reach high quality: a mathematician in the field of mathematics, a meteorologist
-in the field of weather reports, etc.
-</P>
-<P>
-The problem is to find a person who is an expert in both the domain of translation
-and in the low-level linguistic details. It is the rareness of this combination
-that has made it difficult to build interlingua-based translation systems.
-The GF resource grammar library has the mission of helping in this task. 
-It encapsulates the low-level linguistics in program modules 
-accessed through easy-to-use interfaces.
-Experts on different domains can build translation systems by using the library, 
-without knowing low-level linguistics. The idea is much the same as when a 
-programmer builds a graphical user interface (GUI) from high-level elements such as
-buttons and menus, without having to care about pixels or geometrical forms.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc5"></A>
-<H3>Missing EU languages, by the family</H3>
-<P>
-Writing a grammar for a language is usually easier if other languages
-from the same family already have grammars. The colours have the same
-meaning as in the diagram above.
-</P>
-<P>
-Baltic:
-<font color="red"> Latvian </font>
-<font color="red"> Lithuanian </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Celtic: 
-<font color="red"> Irish </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Fenno-Ugric: 
-<font color="red"> Estonian </font> 
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Finnish </font> 
-<font color="red"> Hungarian </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Germanic: 
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Danish </font>
-<font color="red"> Dutch </font>
-<font color="green" size="-1"> English </font>
-<font color="green" size="-1"> German </font>
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Swedish </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Hellenic:
-<font color="red"> Greek </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Romance:
-<font color="green" size="-1"> French </font>
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Italian </font>
-<font color="red"> Portuguese </font>
-<font color="orange"> Romanian </font>
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Spanish </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Semitic:
-<font color="red"> Maltese </font>
-</P>
-<P>
-Slavonic:
-<font color="green" size="-1"> Bulgarian </font>
-<font color="red"> Czech </font>
-<font color="orange"> Polish </font>
-<font color="red"> Slovak </font>
-<font color="red"> Slovenian </font>
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc6"></A>
-<H3>Applications of the library</H3>
-<P>
-In addition to translation, the library is also useful in <B>localization</B>,
-that is, porting a piece of software to new languages. 
-The GF resource grammar library has been used in three major projects that need
-interlingua-based translation or localization of systems to new languages:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>in KeY, 
-  <A HREF="http://www.key-project.org/"><CODE>http://www.key-project.org/</CODE></A>,
-  for writing formal and informal software specifications (3 languages)
-<LI>in WebALT,
-  <A HREF="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/content/index_eng.html"><CODE>http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/content/index_eng.html</CODE></A>,
-  for translating mathematical exercises to 7 languages
-<LI>in TALK <A HREF="http://www.talk-project.org"><CODE>http://www.talk-project.org</CODE></A>,
-  where the library was used for localizing spoken dialogue systems 
-  to six languages
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-The library is also a generic <B>linguistic resource</B>, 
-which can be used for tasks
-such as language teaching and information retrieval. The liberal license (LGPL)
-makes it usable for anyone and for any task. GF also has tools supporting the
-use of grammars in programs written in other 
-programming languages: C, C++, Haskell,
-Java, JavaScript, and Prolog. In connection with the TALK project, 
-support has also been
-developed for translating GF grammars to language models used in speech
-recognition (GSL/Nuance, HTK/ATK, SRGS, JSGF).
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc7"></A>
-<H3>The structure of the library</H3>
-<P>
-The library has the following main parts:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI><B>Inflection paradigms</B>, covering the inflection of each language.
-<LI><B>Core Syntax</B>, covering a large set of syntax rule that
-  can be implemented for all languages involved.
-<LI><B>Common Test Lexicon</B>, giving ca. 500 common words that can be used for
-  testing the library.
-<LI><B>Language-Specific Syntax Extensions</B>, covering syntax rules that are
-  not implementable for all languages.
-<LI><B>Language-Specific Lexica</B>, word lists for each language, with
-  accurate morphological and syntactic information.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-The goal of the summer school is to implement, for each language, at least
-the first three components. The latter three are more open-ended in character.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc8"></A>
-<H2>The summer school</H2>
-<P>
-The goal of the summer school is to extend the GF resource grammar library
-to covering all 23 EU languages, which means we need 15 new languages.
-We also welcome other languages than these 23, 
-if there are interested participants.
-</P>
-<P>
-The amount of work and skill is between a Master's thesis and a PhD thesis.
-The Russian implementation was made by Janna Khegai as a part of her
-PhD thesis; the thesis contains other material, too.
-The Arabic implementation was started by Ali El Dada in his Master's thesis,
-but the thesis does not cover the whole API. The realistic amount of work is
-somewhere between 3 and 8 person months, 
-but this is very much language-dependent.
-Dutch, for instance, can profit from previous implementations of German and
-Scandinavian languages, and will probably require less work.
-Latvian and Lithuanian are the first languages of the Baltic family and
-will probably require more work.
-</P>
-<P>
-In any case, the proposed allocation of work power is 2 participants per
-language. They will do 1 months' worth of home work, followed
-by 2 weeks of summer school, followed by 4 months work at home. 
-Who are these participants?
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc9"></A>
-<H3>Selecting participants</H3>
-<P>
-Persons interested to participate in the Summer School should sign up in
-the <B>Google Group</B> of the course,
-</P>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/"><CODE>groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/</CODE></A>
-</P>
-<P>
-The registration deadline is 15 June 2009. 
-</P>
-<P>
-Notice: you can sign up in the Google 
-group even if you are not planning to attend the summer school, but are
-just interested in the topic. There will be a separate registration to the
-school itself later.
-</P>
-<P>
-The participants are recommended to learn GF in advance, by self-study from the 
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</A>. 
-This should take a couple of weeks. An <B>on-line course</B> will be
-arranged on 20-29 April to help in getting started with GF.
-</P>
-<P>
-At the end of the on-line course, a <B>programming assignment</B> will be published.
-This assignment will test skills required in resource grammar programming.
-Work on the assignment will take a couple of weeks.
-Those who are interested in getting a travel grant will submit
-their sample resource grammar fragment 
-to the Summer School Committee by 12 May.
-The Committee then decides who is given a travel grant of up to 1000 EUR.
-</P>
-<P>
-Notice: you can participate in the summer school without following the on-line
-course or participating in the contest. These things are required only if you
-want a travel grant. If requested by enough many participants, the lectures of
-the on-line course will be repeated in the beginning of the summer school.
-</P>
-<P>
-The summer school itself is devoted for working on resource grammars.
-In addition to grammar writing itself, testing and evaluation is
-performed. One way to do this is via adding new languages 
-to resource grammar applications - in particular, to the WebALT mathematical
-exercise translator.
-</P>
-<P>
-The resource grammars are expected to be completed by December 2009. They will 
-be published at GF website and licensed under LGPL.
-</P>
-<P>
-The participants are encouraged to contact each other and even work in groups.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc10"></A>
-<H3>Who is qualified</H3>
-<P>
-Writing a resource grammar implementation requires good general programming
-skills, and a good explicit knowledge of the grammar of the target language. 
-A typical participant could be 
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>native or fluent speaker of the target language
-<LI>interested in languages on the theoretical level, and preferably familiar
-  with many languages (to be able to think about them on an abstract level)
-<LI>familiar with functional programming languages such as ML or Haskell
-  (GF itself is a language similar to these)
-<LI>on Master's or PhD level in linguistics, computer science, or mathematics
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-But it is the quality of the assignment that is assessed, not any formal
-requirements. The "typical participant" was described to give an idea of
-who is likely to succeed in this.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc11"></A>
-<H3>Costs</H3>
-<P>
-The summer school is free of charge. 
-</P>
-<P>
-Some travel grants are given, on the basis of a programming contest, 
-to cover travel and accommodation costs up to 1000 EUR
-per person.
-</P>
-<P>
-The number of grants will be decided during Spring 2009, and the grand
-holders will be notified before the beginning of June.
-</P>
-<P>
-Special terms will apply to students in
-<A HREF="http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/">GSLT</A> and
-<A HREF="http://ngslt.org/">NGSLT</A>.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc12"></A>
-<H3>Teachers</H3>
-<P>
-A list of teachers will be published here later. Some of the local teachers 
-probably involved are the following:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>Krasimir Angelov
-<LI>Robin Cooper
-<LI>H�kan Burden
-<LI>Markus Forsberg
-<LI>Harald Hammarstr�m
-<LI>Peter Ljungl�f
-<LI>Aarne Ranta
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-More teachers are welcome! If you are interested, please contact us so that
-we can discuss your involvement and travel arrangements.
-</P>
-<P>
-In addition to teachers, we will look for consultants who can help to assess 
-the results for each language. Please contact us!
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc13"></A>
-<H3>The Summer School Committee</H3>
-<P>
-This committee consists of a number of teachers and informants, 
-who will select the participants. It will be selected by April 2009.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc14"></A>
-<H3>Time and Place</H3>
-<P>
-The summer school will
-be organized at the campus of Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg,
-Sweden, on 17-28 August 2009.
-</P>
-<P>
-Time schedule:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>February: announcement of summer school
-<LI>20-29 April: on-line course
-<LI>12 May: submission deadline for assignment work
-<LI>31 May: review of assignments, notifications of acceptance
-<LI>15 June: <B>registration deadline</B>
-<LI>17-28 August: Summer School
-<LI>September-December: homework on resource grammars
-<LI>December: release of the extended Resource Grammar Library
-</UL>
-
-<A NAME="toc15"></A>
-<H3>Dissemination and intellectual property</H3>
-<P>
-The new resource grammars will be released under the LGPL just like 
-the current resource grammars,
-with the copyright held by respective authors.
-</P>
-<P>
-The grammars will be distributed via the GF web site.
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc16"></A>
-<H2>Why I should participate</H2>
-<P>
-Seven reasons:
-</P>
-<OL>
-<LI>participation in a pioneering language technology work in an 
-  enthusiastic atmosphere
-<LI>work and fun with people from all over Europe and the world
-<LI>job opportunities and business ideas
-<LI>credits: the school project will be established as a course at Chalmers worth
-  7.5 or 15 ETCS points per person, depending on the work accompliched; also 
-  extensions to Master's thesis will be considered (special credit arrangements
-  for <A HREF="http://www.gslt.hum.gu.se/">GSLT</A> and <A HREF="http://ngslt.org/">NGSLT</A>)
-<LI>merits: the resulting grammar can easily lead to a published paper (see below)
-<LI>contribution to the multilingual and multicultural development of Europe and the
-  world
-<LI>free trip and stay in Gothenburg (for travel grant students)
-</OL>
-
-<A NAME="toc17"></A>
-<H2>More information</H2>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-resource-school-2009/">Course Google Group</A>
-</P>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/">GF web page</A>
-</P>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/gf-tutorial.html">GF tutorial</A>
-</P>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/lib/resource/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource synopsis</A>
-</P>
-<P>
-<A HREF="http://digitalgrammars.com/gf/doc/Resource-HOWTO.html">Resource-HOWTO document</A>
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc18"></A>
-<H3>Contact</H3>
-<P>
-H�kan Burden: burden at chalmers se
-</P>
-<P>
-Aarne Ranta: aarne at chalmers se
-</P>
-<A NAME="toc19"></A>
-<H3>Selected publications from earlier resource grammar projects</H3>
-<P>
-K. Angelov.
-Type-Theoretical Bulgarian Grammar.
-In B. Nordstr�m and A. Ranta (eds), 
-<I>Advances in Natural Language Processing (GoTAL 2008)</I>, 
-LNCS/LNAI 5221, Springer,
-2008.
-</P>
-<P>
-B. Bringert. 
-<I>Programming Language Techniques for Natural Language Applications</I>.
-Phd thesis, Computer Science, University of Gothenburg,
-2008.
-</P>
-<P>
-A. El Dada and A. Ranta.
-Implementing an Open Source Arabic Resource Grammar in GF.
-In M. Mughazy (ed),
-<I>Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XX. Papers from the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics, Kalamazoo, March 26</I>
-John Benjamins Publishing Company.
-2007.
-</P>
-<P>
-A. El Dada.
-Implementation of the Arabic Numerals and their Syntax in GF.
-Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages: Common Issues and Resources, 
-  ACL-2007 Workshop,
-June 28, 2007, Prague.
-2007.
-</P>
-<P>
-H. Hammarstr�m and A. Ranta.
-Cardinal Numerals Revisited in GF.
-<I>Workshop on Numerals in the World's Languages</I>. 
-Dept. of Linguistics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig,
-2004.
-</P>
-<P>
-M. Humayoun, H. Hammarstr�m, and A. Ranta.
-Urdu Morphology, Orthography and Lexicon Extraction.
-<I>CAASL-2: The Second Workshop on Computational Approaches to Arabic Script-based Languages</I>,
-July 21-22, 2007, LSA 2007 Linguistic Institute, Stanford University.
-2007.
-</P>
-<P>
-K. Johannisson.
-<I>Formal and Informal Software Specifications.</I>
-Phd thesis, Computer Science, University of Gothenburg,
-2005.
-</P>
-<P>
-J. Khegai. 
-GF parallel resource grammars and Russian.
-In proceedings of ACL2006 
-  (The joint conference of the International Committee on Computational 
-  Linguistics and the Association for Computational Linguistics) (pp. 475-482),
-  Sydney, Australia, July 2006.
-</P>
-<P>
-J. Khegai. 
-<I>Language engineering in Grammatical Framework (GF)</I>.
-Phd thesis, Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology,
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-</P>
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-</P>
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author	aarne <aarne@chalmers.se>	2009-12-09 09:37:47 +0000
committer	aarne <aarne@chalmers.se>	2009-12-09 09:37:47 +0000
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