changes in SUMO: formatting and fixes for lots of lots of small problems

1 files changed, 2631 insertions, 2805 deletions

diff --git a/examples/SUMO/Geography.gf b/examples/SUMO/Geography.gf
index 6ff3bde4d..421f6278d 100644
--- a/examples/SUMO/Geography.gf
+++ b/examples/SUMO/Geography.gf
@@ -1,3062 +1,2888 @@
-abstract Geography = open Merge, Mid_level_ontology, Transportation in {

+abstract Geography = MidLevelOntology ** {

 

+  fun AcidRainIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

+  --  AcidRainfall is the subclass of 

+  -- Raining in which the precipitate contains harmful amounts of 

+  -- sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide. The standard for acid rain 

+  -- is below 5.6 pH.

+  fun AcidRainfall : Class ;

+  fun AcidRainfall_Class : SubClass AcidRainfall WeatherProcess ;

 

+  -- Acidification is the process of 

+  -- lowering soil and water pH due to acid rain or other types of 

+  -- acid deposition. Potential harmful effects include killing 

+  -- freshwater fish and plants.

+  fun Acidification : Class ;

+  fun Acidification_Class : SubClass Acidification Combining ;

 

-fun AcidRainIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun AcidificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

---  AcidRainfall is the subclass of 

--- Raining in which the precipitate contains harmful amounts of 

--- sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide. The standard for acid rain 

--- is below 5.6 pH.

-fun AcidRainfall : Class ;

-fun AcidRainfall_Class : SubClass AcidRainfall WeatherProcess ;

+  -- AerosolParticulate is a 

+  -- Substance that includes aerosol_dispersed particles 

+  -- that are mixed with air, gas, or smoke. A form of Pollution.

+  fun AerosolParticulate : Class ;

+  fun AerosolParticulate_Class : SubClass AerosolParticulate Substance ;

 

--- Acidification is the process of 

--- lowering soil and water pH due to acid rain or other types of 

--- acid deposition. Potential harmful effects include killing 

--- freshwater fish and plants.

-fun Acidification : Class ;

-fun Acidification_Class : SubClass Acidification Combining ;

+  fun AerosolParticulateIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun AcidificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Afforestation is the process of 

+  -- planting trees and plants on spaces that are either empty or in 

+  -- agricultural use.

+  fun Afforestation : Class ;

+  fun Afforestation_Class : SubClass Afforestation Planting ;

 

--- AerosolParticulate is a 

--- Substance that includes aerosol_dispersed particles 

--- that are mixed with air, gas, or smoke. A form of Pollution.

-fun AerosolParticulate : Class ;

-fun AerosolParticulate_Class : SubClass AerosolParticulate Substance ;

+  fun Africa : Ind Continent ;

 

-fun AerosolParticulateIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Aftershock is the subclass of EarthTremors 

+  -- that occur after the main tremor(s) of an Earthquake.

+  fun Aftershock : Class ;

+  fun Aftershock_Class : SubClass Aftershock EarthTremor ;

 

--- Afforestation is the process of 

--- planting trees and plants on spaces that are either empty or in 

--- agricultural use.

-fun Afforestation : Class ;

-fun Afforestation_Class : SubClass Afforestation Planting ;

+  -- Agreement is the class of 

+  -- Propositions that express the contents of agreements 

+  -- entered into by CognitiveAgents. Agreement includes 

+  -- treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage 

+  -- vows, etc. An Agreement may be written down in a document 

+  -- or other ContentBearingObject.

+  fun Agreement : Class ;

+  fun Agreement_Class : SubClass Agreement Proposition ;

 

-fun Africa : Ind Continent ;

+  -- (AgreementOrganizationFn ?AGR) 

+  -- denotes the official Organization established by the Agreement ?AGR 

+  -- to administer or enforce the terms of that agreement.

+  fun AgreementOrganizationFn : El Agreement -> Ind Organization ;

 

--- Aftershock is the subclass of EarthTremors 

--- that occur after the main tremor(s) of an Earthquake.

-fun Aftershock : Class ;

-fun Aftershock_Class : SubClass Aftershock EarthTremor ;

+  fun AgriculturalChemicalsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- Agreement is the class of 

--- Propositions that express the contents of agreements 

--- entered into by CognitiveAgents. Agreement includes 

--- treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage 

--- vows, etc. An Agreement may be written down in a document 

--- or other ContentBearingObject.

-fun Agreement : Class ;

-fun Agreement_Class : SubClass Agreement Proposition ;

+  fun AgriculturalExpansionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- (AgreementOrganizationFn ?AGR) 

--- denotes the official Organization established by the Agreement ?AGR 

--- to administer or enforce the terms of that agreement.

-fun AgreementOrganizationFn : El Agreement -> Ind Organization ;

+  -- Agriculture is a class of Processes 

+  -- in which land, plants, or animals are cultivated in order to produce 

+  -- food or other organic products.

+  fun Agriculture : Class ;

+  fun Agriculture_Class : SubClass Agriculture Maintaining ;

 

+  -- AirPollution is the subclass of 

+  -- Pollution processes in which air is contaminated.

+  fun AirPollution : Class ;

+  fun AirPollution_Class : SubClass AirPollution Pollution ;

 

-fun AgriculturalChemicalsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun AirPollutionConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AgriculturalExpansionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun AirPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

 

--- Agriculture is a class of Processes 

--- in which land, plants, or animals are cultivated in order to produce 

--- food or other organic products.

-fun Agriculture : Class ;

-fun Agriculture_Class : SubClass Agriculture Maintaining ;

+  fun AirPollution_NitrogenOxidesProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

--- AirPollution is the subclass of 

--- Pollution processes in which air is contaminated.

-fun AirPollution : Class ;

-fun AirPollution_Class : SubClass AirPollution Pollution ;

+  fun AirPollution_PeristentOrganicPollutantsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AirPollutionConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun AirPollution_Sulphur85Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AirPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+  fun AirPollution_Sulphur94Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AirPollution_NitrogenOxidesProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun AirPollution_VolatileOrganicCompoundsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AirPollution_PeristentOrganicPollutantsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- AirStream is the class of FlowRegions that consist of air.

+  fun AirStream : Class ;

+  fun AirStream_Class : SubClass AirStream (both Air FlowRegion) ;

 

-fun AirPollution_Sulphur85Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- The area below the AntarcticCircle, which is

+  -- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds south latitude. It is dark

+  -- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

+  -- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

+  -- to the South Pole.

+  fun AntarcticArea : Class ;

+  fun AntarcticArea_Class : SubClass AntarcticArea LandArea ;

 

-fun AirPollution_Sulphur94Protocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent : Ind WaterMotion ;

 

-fun AirPollution_VolatileOrganicCompoundsProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun AntarcticSealsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

--- AirStream is the class of FlowRegions that consist of air.

-fun AirStream : Class ;

-fun AirStream_Class : SubClass AirStream (both Air FlowRegion) ;

+  fun AntarcticTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

 

+  fun Antarctic_EnvironmentalProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

--- The area below the AntarcticCircle, which is

--- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds south latitude. It is dark

--- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

--- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

--- to the South Pole.

-fun AntarcticArea : Class ;

-fun AntarcticArea_Class : SubClass AntarcticArea LandArea ;

+  fun Antarctic_MarineLivingResourcesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent : Ind WaterMotion ;

+  fun ArabianSea : Ind Sea ;

 

-fun AntarcticSealsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- ArableLand is the subclass of 

+  -- LandArea that represents land in cultivation with crops that 

+  -- are replanted after each harvest, e.g., wheat and rice.

+  fun ArableLand : Class ;

+  fun ArableLand_Class : SubClass ArableLand LandArea ;

 

-fun AntarcticTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun AralSea : Ind SaltLake ;

 

-fun Antarctic_EnvironmentalProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- ArcMinute represents a UnitOfMeasure 

+  -- equivalent to 1/60th of an AngularDegree.

+  fun ArcMinute : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

 

-fun Antarctic_MarineLivingResourcesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- ArcSecond represents a UnitOfMeasure 

+  -- equivalent to 1/60th of an ArcMinute.

+  fun ArcSecond : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

 

-fun ArabianSea : Ind Sea ;

+  -- An ArchipelagicArea is a GeographicArea 

+  -- including an Archipelago and the surrounding WaterArea.

+  fun ArchipelagicArea : Class ;

+  fun ArchipelagicArea_Class : SubClass ArchipelagicArea GeographicArea ;

 

--- ArableLand is the subclass of 

--- LandArea that represents land in cultivation with crops that 

--- are replanted after each harvest, e.g., wheat and rice.

-fun ArableLand : Class ;

-fun ArableLand_Class : SubClass ArableLand LandArea ;

+  -- An Archipelago is a group of islands.

+  fun Archipelago : Class ;

+  fun Archipelago_Class : SubClass Archipelago (both Collection LandForm) ;

 

-fun AralSea : Ind SaltLake ;

+  -- ArcticOcean represents the Arctic Ocean.

+  fun ArcticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

 

--- ArcMinute represents a UnitOfMeasure 

--- equivalent to 1/60th of an AngularDegree.

-fun ArcMinute : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

+  -- The area above the Artic Circle, which is

+  -- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds north latitude. It is dark

+  -- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

+  -- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

+  -- to the North Pole.

+  fun ArcticRegion : Class ;

 

+  -- AreaOfConcern is a subclass of 

+  -- Attributes that represent and classify the kinds of interests that 

+  -- agents have.

+  fun AreaOfConcern : Class ;

+  fun AreaOfConcern_Class : SubClass AreaOfConcern RelationalAttribute ;

 

--- ArcSecond represents a UnitOfMeasure 

--- equivalent to 1/60th of an ArcMinute.

-fun ArcSecond : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;

+  -- AridClimateZone is the 

+  -- class of regions in which the climate is characterized by 

+  -- a distinct dry season. Annual rate of moisture evaporation 

+  -- exceeds annual rate of precipitation. This is Class B in the 

+  -- Koeppen climate system.

+  fun AridClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun AridClimateZone_Class : SubClass AridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

 

+  -- Asbestos is a Mineral.

+  fun Asbestos : Class ;

+  fun Asbestos_Class : SubClass Asbestos Mineral ;

 

--- An ArchipelagicArea is a GeographicArea 

--- including an Archipelago and the surrounding WaterArea.

-fun ArchipelagicArea : Class ;

-fun ArchipelagicArea_Class : SubClass ArchipelagicArea GeographicArea ;

+  fun AsbestosDisposalIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- An Archipelago is a group of islands.

-fun Archipelago : Class ;

-fun Archipelago_Class : SubClass Archipelago (both Collection LandForm) ;

+  fun Asia : Ind Continent ;

 

+  -- AtlanticOcean represents the Atlantic Ocean.

+  fun AtlanticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

 

--- ArcticOcean represents the Arctic Ocean.

-fun ArcticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

+  -- Atmosphere is a mixture of gases 

+  -- surrounding any celestial object that has a gravitational field 

+  -- strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping.

+  fun Atmosphere : Class ;

+  fun Atmosphere_Class : SubClass Atmosphere Region ;

 

+  fun AtmosphericHazing : Class ;

+  fun AtmosphericHazing_Class : SubClass AtmosphericHazing WeatherProcess ;

 

--- The area above the Artic Circle, which is

--- 66 degrees 33 minutes and 38 seconds north latitude. It is dark

--- for at least 24 hours at some point during the year, with an

--- increasing period of yearly continuous darkness as one gets closer

--- to the North Pole.

-fun ArcticRegion : Class ;

+  -- Atoll is the class of CoralReefs which surround a lagoon.

+  fun Atoll : Class ;

+  fun Atoll_Class : SubClass Atoll CoralReef ;

 

+  -- AvalancheProcess is a subclass of 

+  -- Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of snow, ice, 

+  -- rock, or earth rapidly descends a steep slope, with a destructive force.

+  fun AvalancheProcess : Class ;

+  fun AvalancheProcess_Class : SubClass AvalancheProcess Impelling ;

 

--- AreaOfConcern is a subclass of 

--- Attributes that represent and classify the kinds of interests that 

--- agents have.

-fun AreaOfConcern : Class ;

-fun AreaOfConcern_Class : SubClass AreaOfConcern RelationalAttribute ;

+  fun BalticSea : Ind Sea ;

 

--- AridClimateZone is the 

--- class of regions in which the climate is characterized by 

--- a distinct dry season. Annual rate of moisture evaporation 

--- exceeds annual rate of precipitation. This is Class B in the 

--- Koeppen climate system.

-fun AridClimateZone : Class ;

-fun AridClimateZone_Class : SubClass AridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+  -- Barite is Barium Sulfate occurring as a mineral.

+  fun Barite : Class ;

+  fun Barite_Class : SubClass Barite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

 

--- Asbestos is a Mineral.

-fun Asbestos : Class ;

-fun Asbestos_Class : SubClass Asbestos Mineral ;

+  -- A Basin is an area of land enclosed or partially 

+  -- enclosed by higher land.

+  fun Basin : Class ;

+  fun Basin_Class : SubClass Basin LandForm ;

 

-fun AsbestosDisposalIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Bay is the class of extensions of a body of water 

+  -- (salt or fresh) that reach into the land, usually smaller than a 

+  -- Gulf.

+  fun Bay : Class ;

+  fun Bay_Class : SubClass Bay Inlet ;

 

-fun Asia : Ind Continent ;

+  -- BeaufortNumber is the

+  -- Attribute for indicating wind force, according to

+  -- classifications based on observable weather conditions and later

+  -- related to wind speed ranges.

+  fun BeaufortNumber : Class ;

+  fun BeaufortNumber_Class : SubClass BeaufortNumber RelationalAttribute ;

 

--- AtlanticOcean represents the Atlantic 

--- Ocean.

-fun AtlanticOcean : Ind Ocean ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberEight : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

+  fun BeaufortNumberEleven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- Atmosphere is a mixture of gases 

--- surrounding any celestial object that has a gravitational field 

--- strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping.

-fun Atmosphere : Class ;

-fun Atmosphere_Class : SubClass Atmosphere Region ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberFive : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

-fun AtmosphericHazing : Class ;

-fun AtmosphericHazing_Class : SubClass AtmosphericHazing WeatherProcess ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberFour : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- Atoll is the class of CoralReefs which surround 

--- a lagoon.

-fun Atoll : Class ;

-fun Atoll_Class : SubClass Atoll CoralReef ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberNine : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- AvalancheProcess is a subclass of 

--- Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of snow, ice, 

--- rock, or earth rapidly descends a steep slope, with a destructive force.

-fun AvalancheProcess : Class ;

-fun AvalancheProcess_Class : SubClass AvalancheProcess Impelling ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberOne : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

-fun BalticSea : Ind Sea ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberSeven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- Barite is Barium Sulfate occurring as a mineral.

-fun Barite : Class ;

-fun Barite_Class : SubClass Barite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberSix : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

+  fun BeaufortNumberTen : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- A Basin is an area of land enclosed or partially 

--- enclosed by higher land.

-fun Basin : Class ;

-fun Basin_Class : SubClass Basin LandForm ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberThree : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- Bay is the class of extensions of a body of water 

--- (salt or fresh) that reach into the land, usually smaller than a 

--- Gulf.

-fun Bay : Class ;

-fun Bay_Class : SubClass Bay Inlet ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberTwelve : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

--- BeaufortNumber is the

--- Attribute for indicating wind force, according to

--- classifications based on observable weather conditions and later

--- related to wind speed ranges.

-fun BeaufortNumber : Class ;

-fun BeaufortNumber_Class : SubClass BeaufortNumber RelationalAttribute ;

+  fun BeaufortNumberTwo : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberEight : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun BeringSea : Ind Sea ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberEleven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- BiodiversityAttribute is the 

+  -- class of Attributes that describe the level of biodiversity present 

+  -- in a GeographicArea or Ecosystem.

+  fun BiodiversityAttribute : Class ;

+  fun BiodiversityAttribute_Class : SubClass BiodiversityAttribute InternalAttribute ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberFive : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun BiodiversityConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberFour : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun BiodiversityIssue : Class ;

+  fun BiodiversityIssue_Class : SubClass BiodiversityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberNine : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- Biome is the class of GeographicAreas 

+  -- representing major kinds of ecological communities, that is, areas in 

+  -- which certain kinds of plants, animals, weather, and terrain interact 

+  -- to produce and support a distinctive ecosystem.

+  fun Biome : Class ;

+  fun Biome_Class : SubClass Biome Ecosystem ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberOne : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun BlackSea : Ind Sea ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberSeven : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun Blizzard : Class ;

+  fun Blizzard_Class : SubClass Blizzard WeatherProcess ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberSix : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- (BorderFn ?AREA1 ?AREA2) denotes the 

+  -- border area where the GeographicAreas ?AREA1 and ?AREA2 meet.

+  fun BorderFn : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberTen : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  fun BorealForest : Class ;

+  fun BorealForest_Class : SubClass BorealForest (both Biome Forest) ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberThree : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- BrownCoal is a soft Coal harder than 

+  -- peat and softer than bituminous coal. Also called lignite, it is 

+  -- brownish in color.

+  fun BrownCoal : Class ;

+  fun BrownCoal_Class : SubClass BrownCoal Coal ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberTwelve : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- A Butte is an Upland raised sharply from the 

+  -- surrounding region. Smaller in area than a Mesa.

+  fun Butte : Class ;

+  fun Butte_Class : SubClass Butte (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

 

-fun BeaufortNumberTwo : Ind BeaufortNumber ;

+  -- A CanalStructure is the constructed 

+  -- framework, including Locks, that contains the waters of a Canal.

+  fun CanalStructure : Class ;

+  fun CanalStructure_Class : SubClass CanalStructure StationaryArtifact ;

 

-fun BeringSea : Ind Sea ;

+  -- CanopiedVegetation describes the 

+  -- density of vegetation in a RainForest or Jungle.

+  fun CanopiedVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

 

--- BiodiversityAttribute is the 

--- class of Attributes that describe the level of biodiversity present 

--- in a GeographicArea or Ecosystem.

-fun BiodiversityAttribute : Class ;

-fun BiodiversityAttribute_Class : SubClass BiodiversityAttribute InternalAttribute ;

+  -- A Canyon is a narrow valley with steep sides, usually 

+  -- created by erosion.

+  fun Canyon : Class ;

+  fun Canyon_Class : SubClass Canyon LandForm ;

 

-fun BiodiversityConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- A Cape is a piece of land projecting into a body of water.

+  fun Cape : Class ;

+  fun Cape_Class : SubClass Cape LandForm ;

 

-fun BiodiversityIssue : Class ;

-fun BiodiversityIssue_Class : SubClass BiodiversityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

--- Biome is the class of GeographicAreas 

--- representing major kinds of ecological communities, that is, areas in 

--- which certain kinds of plants, animals, weather, and terrain interact 

--- to produce and support a distinctive ecosystem.

-fun Biome : Class ;

-fun Biome_Class : SubClass Biome Ecosystem ;

+  -- CarbonCycle is the class of 

+  -- GeologicalProcesses in which carbon in various forms is passed 

+  -- between air, water, earth, and the biosphere.

+  fun CarbonCycle : Class ;

+  fun CarbonCycle_Class : SubClass CarbonCycle GeologicalProcess ;

 

-fun BlackSea : Ind Sea ;

+  fun CarbonDioxideEmission : Class ;

+  fun CarbonDioxideEmission_Class : SubClass CarbonDioxideEmission Separating ;

 

-fun Blizzard : Class ;

-fun Blizzard_Class : SubClass Blizzard WeatherProcess ;

-fun BodyOfWater_WaterArea : SubClass BodyOfWater WaterArea ;

+  fun CaribbeanRegion : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- (BorderFn ?AREA1 ?AREA2) denotes the 

--- border area where the GeographicAreas ?AREA1 and ?AREA2 meet.

-fun BorderFn : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun CaribbeanSea : Ind Sea ;

 

+  fun CaspianSea : Ind SaltLake ;

 

-fun BorealForest : Class ;

-fun BorealForest_Class : SubClass BorealForest (both Biome Forest) ;

+  -- A CaveMatrix is the framework of earth or 

+  -- rock in which a Cave is embedded.

+  fun CaveMatrix : Class ;

+  fun CaveMatrix_Class : SubClass CaveMatrix LandForm ;

 

--- BrownCoal is a soft Coal harder than 

--- peat and softer than bituminous coal. Also called lignite, it is 

--- brownish in color.

-fun BrownCoal : Class ;

-fun BrownCoal_Class : SubClass BrownCoal Coal ;

+  fun CentralAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- A Butte is an Upland raised sharply from the 

--- surrounding region. Smaller in area than a Mesa.

-fun Butte : Class ;

-fun Butte_Class : SubClass Butte (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+  fun CentralAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

+  fun CentralEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- Canal is the subclass of navigable Waterways 

--- flowing through an artificial course. Typically, a canal is a 

--- Transitway connecting two bodies of water.

-fun Canal : Class ;

-fun Canal_Class : SubClass Canal (both StationaryArtifact Waterway) ;

+  fun CentralSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

+  fun ChinookWind : Class ;

+  fun ChinookWind_Class : SubClass ChinookWind WindProcess ;

 

--- A CanalStructure is the constructed 

--- framework, including Locks, that contains the waters of a Canal.

-fun CanalStructure : Class ;

-fun CanalStructure_Class : SubClass CanalStructure StationaryArtifact ;

+  -- A mineral that consists of an oxide of

+  -- iron and chromium.

+  fun Chromite : Class ;

+  fun Chromite_Class : SubClass Chromite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

+

+  -- Fine_grained soil consisting of mineral particles, not 

+  -- necessarily clay minerals, that are less than 0.002 mm in their maximum dimension.

+  fun Clay : Class ;

+  fun Clay_Class : SubClass Clay Soil ;

+

+  -- ClearWeather represents a condition 

+  -- in which less than 30% of the sky is covered with clouds.

+  fun ClearWeather : Class ;

+  fun ClearWeather_Class : SubClass ClearWeather WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- A Cliff is any high, very_steep_to_perpendicular 

+  -- or overhanging face of rock or earth, a precipice.

+  fun Cliff : Class ;

+  fun Cliff_Class : SubClass Cliff SlopedArea ;

+

+  fun ClimateChangeConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun ClimateChangeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun ClimateChange_KyotoProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  -- &ClimateZone is a subclass of GeographicArea in which regions 

+  -- are classified according to their long_term weather conditions. 

+  -- The subclasses of ClimateZone are based on the Koeppen Climate 

+  -- Classification system. In the Koeppen system, climate zones are 

+  -- distinguished based on temperatures and rainfall.

+  fun ClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun ClimateZone_Class : SubClass ClimateZone GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- Coal is a black or brownish black solid combustible 

+  -- substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter without 

+  -- free access of air and under the influence of moisture and often increased 

+  -- pressure and temperature. Coal is a sedimentary rock containing a high 

+  -- proportion of carbon.

+  fun Coal : Class ;

+  fun Coal_Class : SubClass Coal (both FossilFuel (both Mineral Rock)) ;

+

+  fun CoastalDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun CoastalFlooding : Class ;

+  fun CoastalFlooding_Class : SubClass CoastalFlooding Flooding ;

+

+  fun CoastalMarinePollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- CoastalPlain is the class of broad plains 

+  -- areas adjacent to a Sea or Ocean. A coastal plain includes a narrower 

+  -- ShoreArea adjacent to a body of water.

+  fun CoastalPlain : Class ;

+  fun CoastalPlain_Class : SubClass CoastalPlain Plain ;

+

+  -- ColdClimateZone is the subclass 

+  -- of ClimateZone that is characterized by a warmest month with average 

+  -- temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius and a coldest month with 

+  -- average temperature less than _3 degrees Celsius. This is 

+  -- Koeppen climate system Type D.

+  fun ColdClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun ColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  -- ColdDampClimateZone is the 

+  -- subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having more 

+  -- than 30 mm of precipitation in the driest month. This is subtype 

+  -- 'Df' in the Koeppen climate system.

+  fun ColdDampClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun ColdDampClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdDampClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

+

+  -- ColdFront is the class of transitional 

+  -- weather processes occurring between a cold air mass that is advancing 

+  -- upon a warm air mass.

+  fun ColdFront : Class ;

+  fun ColdFront_Class : SubClass ColdFront WeatherFront ;

+

+  -- ContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is 

+  -- characterized by cold winters and hot summers.

+  fun ContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun ContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass ContinentalClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

+

+  -- ContinentalMargin is class of 

+  -- SubmergedLandAreas that are the extension of land underwater at 

+  -- the edge of a continent, before a drop to the sea floor. A 

+  -- ContinentalMargin includes the ContinentalShelf and the 

+  -- continental break, slope, or rise at the outer edge.

+  fun ContinentalMargin : Class ;

+  fun ContinentalMargin_Class : SubClass ContinentalMargin SubmergedLandArea ;

+

+  -- A ContinentalShelf is a natural 

+  -- undersea extension of land around a Continent. The shelf is a 

+  -- gently sloped (average less than one percent) plain that is an extension 

+  -- of the CoastalPlain found off the coast of most continents.

+  fun ContinentalShelf : Class ;

+  fun ContinentalShelf_Class : SubClass ContinentalShelf SubmergedLandArea ;

+

+  -- Corals are gastrovascular marine cnidarians (phylum 

+  -- Cnidaria, class Anthozoa) existing as small anemone_like polyps, typically 

+  -- forming colonies of many individuals. The group includes the important 

+  -- reef builders known as hermatypic corals, found in tropical oceans, and 

+  -- belonging to the subclass Zoantharia of order Scleractinia (formerly 

+  -- Madreporaria). The hermatypic corals obtain much of their nutrient 

+  -- requirement from symbiotic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae, and so 

+  -- are dependent upon growing in sunlight. As a result, these corals are 

+  -- usually found not far beneath the surface, although in clear waters corals 

+  -- can grow at depths of 60 m (200 ft). Corals breed by spawning, with all 

+  -- corals of the same species in a region releasing gametes simultaneously 

+  -- over a period of one to several nights around a full moon. (from Wikipedia)

+  fun Coral : Class ;

+  fun Coral_Class : SubClass Coral Invertebrate ;

+

+  -- CoralReef is the subclass of Reefs that are 

+  -- formed from living organisms that produce the limestone formations of the 

+  -- reef. Coral reefs include fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and Atolls.

+  fun CoralReef : Class ;

+  fun CoralReef_Class : SubClass CoralReef Reef ;

+

+  fun CoralReefDecayIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- A Cove is a small part of a body of water that 

+  -- reaches into a coast.

+  fun Cove : Class ;

+  fun Cove_Class : SubClass Cove Inlet ;

+

+  -- Crosswind is the relative attribute of a 

+  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to a lateral 

+  -- side of the object.

+  fun Crosswind : Ind Attribute ;

+

+  -- CyclonicStorm is the class of 

+  -- LowPressureWeatherSystems that involve a low pressure area 

+  -- surrounded by rapidly rotating winds, with the whole system 

+  -- typically moving forward at 20_30 mph.

+  fun CyclonicStorm : Class ;

+  fun CyclonicStorm_Class : SubClass CyclonicStorm (both LowPressureWeatherSystem Windstorm) ;

+

+  -- DDT (dichoro_diphenyl_trichloro_ethane) 

+  -- is a highly toxic insecticide also harmful to most other animal 

+  -- species. DDT was banned in the UnitedStates in 1972.

+  fun DDT : Class ;

+  fun DDT_Class : SubClass DDT CompoundSubstance ;

+

+  -- (DatumFn ?place) denotes the point of MLLW (Mean Lower Low 

+  -- Water) used as the initial data point for a coastal or WaterArea given on a nautical 

+  -- chart. High and low tides are calculated with reference to this point.

+  fun DatumFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind LengthMeasure ;

+

+  fun DeadSea : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  -- Defoliant is the class of substances 

+  -- that are used to make plants lose their leaves, typically used 

+  -- in agriculture or warfare. Defoliants may have detrimental 

+  -- environmental side effects.

+  fun Defoliant : Class ;

+  fun Defoliant_Class : SubClass Defoliant PureSubstance ;

+

+  fun Deforestation : Class ;

+  fun Deforestation_Class : SubClass Deforestation (both ForestDamage Removing) ;

+

+  fun DeforestationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- A Delta is a LandForm composed of silt or other 

+  -- alluvium, deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream as it enters 

+  -- a body of relatively static water. Typically a delta is flat and fan_shaped.

+  fun Delta : Class ;

+  fun Delta_Class : SubClass Delta LandForm ;

+

+  -- DenseVegetation describes the 

+  -- density of vegetation in a Forest.

+  fun DenseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

+

+  -- Desert is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

+  -- arid regions having sparse or no vegetation.

+  fun Desert : Class ;

+  fun Desert_Class : SubClass Desert LandArea ;

+

+  -- DesertClimateZone 

+  -- is the class of AridClimateZones characterized by 

+  -- sparse, desert vegetation. Koeppen system 'BW'.

+  fun DesertClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun DesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass DesertClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

+

+  -- Desertification represents the 

+  -- Process by which desert conditions are spread over an area.

+  fun Desertification : Class ;

+  fun Desertification_Class : SubClass Desertification WeatherProcess ;

+

+  fun DesertificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun DesertificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun DipSlipFault : Class ;

+  fun DipSlipFault_Class : SubClass DipSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

+

+  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn ?DIRECTION ?AREA) denotes the part 

+  -- of GeographicArea ?AREA that lies in ?DIRECTION from the 

+  -- geographic center of ?AREA. For example, 

+  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn Iraq North) denotes the Northern 

+  -- part of Iraq. Such subregions are defined purely by geographical 

+  -- points of reference, not by sociological ones. For example, 

+  -- (DirectionalSubregionFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica South) denotes 

+  -- the Southern half of the United States, it does not denote the 

+  -- American South as distinguished for historical, literary, or 

+  -- cultural purposes.

+  fun DirectionalSubregionFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun DiseaseConditionsIssue : Class ;

+  fun DiseaseConditionsIssue_Class : SubClass DiseaseConditionsIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- (DocumentFn ?PROP) denotes a class 

+  -- of Text objects that contain the information ?PROP.

+  fun DocumentFn: El Proposition -> Desc Text ;

+

+  -- Downhill is a PositionalAttribute that 

+  -- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

+  -- down a slope from the other.

+  fun Downhill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  fun Downstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  -- Downwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

+  -- downwind (leeward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

+  -- blowing.

+  fun Downwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  fun Dredging : Class ;

+  fun Dredging_Class : SubClass Dredging Removing ;

 

--- CanopiedVegetation describes the 

--- density of vegetation in a RainForest or Jungle.

-fun CanopiedVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

+  fun DriftNetFishingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

+  fun DriftnetFishing : Class ;

+  fun DriftnetFishing_Class : SubClass DriftnetFishing Fishing ;

 

--- A Canyon is a narrow valley with steep sides, usually 

--- created by erosion.

-fun Canyon : Class ;

-fun Canyon_Class : SubClass Canyon LandForm ;

+  -- Drought is the subclass of WeatherProcess 

+  -- that represents long periods without precipitation, which is damaging 

+  -- to crops, livestock, and human life.

+  fun Drought : Class ;

+  fun Drought_Class : SubClass Drought WeatherProcess ;

 

--- A Cape is a piece of land projecting into a body of water.

-fun Cape : Class ;

-fun Cape_Class : SubClass Cape LandForm ;

+  fun DroughtIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- CarbonCycle is the class of 

--- GeologicalProcesses in which carbon in various forms is passed 

--- between air, water, earth, and the biosphere.

-fun CarbonCycle : Class ;

-fun CarbonCycle_Class : SubClass CarbonCycle GeologicalProcess ;

+  -- DryWinterColdClimateZone 

+  -- is a subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having 

+  -- at least ten times as much precipitation in the wettest summer month 

+  -- as in the driest winter month. This is Koeppen climate system subtype 

+  -- 'Dw'.

+  fun DryWinterColdClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun DryWinterColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass DryWinterColdClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

+

+  fun DustStorm : Class ;

+  fun DustStorm_Class : SubClass DustStorm WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- An EarthTremor is an individual seismic 

+  -- event in which the earth shakes due to release of seismic pressures.

+  fun EarthTremor : Class ;

+  fun EarthTremor_Class : SubClass EarthTremor (both GeologicalProcess Tremor) ;

+

+  -- Earthquake is the class of events in 

+  -- which the earth shakes while its layers readjust due to tensional 

+  -- stresses in the surface of the earth. A single earthquake may consist 

+  -- of one or more EarthTremors.

+  fun Earthquake : Class ;

+  fun Earthquake_Class : SubClass Earthquake GeologicalProcess ;

+

+  -- EarthsAtmosphere is the layer of gases, a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen,

+  -- surrounding PlanetEarth. See also Air.

+  fun EarthsAtmosphere : Ind Atmosphere ;

+

+  -- EarthsMoon is the Moon of PlanetEarth.

+  fun EarthsMoon : Ind Moon ;

+

+  fun EasternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun EasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun CarbonDioxideEmission : Class ;

-fun CarbonDioxideEmission_Class : SubClass CarbonDioxideEmission Separating ;

-fun CaribbeanRegion : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun EasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- The half of the Earth that includes Europe, 

+  -- Asia, Africa, and Australia.

+  fun EasternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

 

-fun CaribbeanSea : Ind Sea ;

+  fun EasternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun CaspianSea : Ind SaltLake ;

+  -- Ecosystem is a subclass of GeographicAreas considered together with

+  -- their organisms and environment as a functioning whole.

+  fun Ecosystem : Class ;

+  fun Ecosystem_Class : SubClass Ecosystem GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- Effluent is a Substance 

+  -- that generically covers any waste matter that is released into 

+  -- the environment, including sewage and industrial pollutants.

+  fun Effluent : Class ;

+  fun Effluent_Class : SubClass Effluent Substance ;

+

+  fun ElNino : Class ;

+  fun ElNino_Class : SubClass ElNino WeatherSeason ;

+

+  -- (ElevationHighPointFn ?AREA) 

+  -- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

+  -- highest elevation.

+  fun ElevationHighPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- A CaveMatrix is the framework of earth or 

--- rock in which a Cave is embedded.

-fun CaveMatrix : Class ;

-fun CaveMatrix_Class : SubClass CaveMatrix LandForm ;

+  -- (ElevationLowPointFn ?AREA) 

+  -- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

+  -- lowest elevation.

+  fun ElevationLowPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun Cave_Hole : SubClass Cave Hole ;

 

-fun CentralAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun EndangeredMarineWildlifeIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

 

-fun CentralAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- EndangeredSpecies is the 

+  -- subclass of Organism that includes plants and animals that 

+  -- are in danger of extinction from destruction of individuals 

+  -- or of habitat.

+  fun EndangeredSpecies : Class ;

+  fun EndangeredSpecies_Class : SubClass EndangeredSpecies Organism ;

 

-fun CentralEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun EndangeredSpeciesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun CentralSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun EndangeredSpeciesIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

 

-fun Channel_BodyOfWater : SubClass Channel BodyOfWater ;

+  fun EnvironmentalIssue : Class ;

+  fun EnvironmentalIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalIssue AreaOfConcern ;

 

-fun ChinookWind : Class ;

-fun ChinookWind_Class : SubClass ChinookWind WindProcess ;

--- A mineral that consists of an oxide of

--- iron and chromium.

-fun Chromite : Class ;

-fun Chromite_Class : SubClass Chromite (both CompoundSubstance Mineral) ;

-

-

--- Fine_grained soil consisting of mineral particles, not 

--- necessarily clay minerals, that are less than 0.002 mm in their maximum dimension.

-fun Clay : Class ;

-fun Clay_Class : SubClass Clay Soil ;

-

--- ClearWeather represents a condition 

--- in which less than 30% of the sky is covered with clouds.

-fun ClearWeather : Class ;

-fun ClearWeather_Class : SubClass ClearWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

--- A Cliff is any high, very_steep_to_perpendicular 

--- or overhanging face of rock or earth, a precipice.

-fun Cliff : Class ;

-fun Cliff_Class : SubClass Cliff SlopedArea ;

-

-fun ClimateChangeConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun ClimateChangeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun ClimateChange_KyotoProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- &ClimateZone is a subclass of GeographicArea in which regions 

--- are classified according to their long_term weather conditions. 

--- The subclasses of ClimateZone are based on the Koeppen Climate 

--- Classification system. In the Koeppen system, climate zones are 

--- distinguished based on temperatures and rainfall.

-fun ClimateZone : Class ;

-fun ClimateZone_Class : SubClass ClimateZone GeographicArea ;

-

--- Coal is a black or brownish black solid combustible 

--- substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter without 

--- free access of air and under the influence of moisture and often increased 

--- pressure and temperature. Coal is a sedimentary rock containing a high 

--- proportion of carbon.

-fun Coal : Class ;

-fun Coal_Class : SubClass Coal (both FossilFuel (both Mineral Rock)) ;

-

-

-fun CoastalDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun CoastalFlooding : Class ;

-fun CoastalFlooding_Class : SubClass CoastalFlooding Flooding ;

-fun CoastalMarinePollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- CoastalPlain is the class of broad plains 

--- areas adjacent to a Sea or Ocean. A coastal plain includes a narrower 

--- ShoreArea adjacent to a body of water.

-fun CoastalPlain : Class ;

-fun CoastalPlain_Class : SubClass CoastalPlain Plain ;

-

--- ColdClimateZone is the subclass 

--- of ClimateZone that is characterized by a warmest month with average 

--- temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius and a coldest month with 

--- average temperature less than _3 degrees Celsius. This is Koeppen climate 

--- system Type D.

-fun ColdClimateZone : Class ;

-fun ColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

--- ColdDampClimateZone is the 

--- subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having more 

--- than 30 mm of precipitation in the driest month. This is subtype 

--- 'Df' in the Koeppen climate system.

-fun ColdDampClimateZone : Class ;

-fun ColdDampClimateZone_Class : SubClass ColdDampClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

-

--- ColdFront is the class of transitional 

--- weather processes occurring between a cold air mass that is advancing 

--- upon a warm air mass.

-fun ColdFront : Class ;

-fun ColdFront_Class : SubClass ColdFront WeatherFront ;

-

--- ContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is 

--- characterized by cold winters and hot summers.

-fun ContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

-fun ContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass ContinentalClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

--- ContinentalMargin is class of 

--- SubmergedLandAreas that are the extension of land underwater at 

--- the edge of a continent, before a drop to the sea floor. A 

--- ContinentalMargin includes the ContinentalShelf and the 

--- continental break, slope, or rise at the outer edge.

-fun ContinentalMargin : Class ;

-fun ContinentalMargin_Class : SubClass ContinentalMargin SubmergedLandArea ;

-

--- A ContinentalShelf is a natural 

--- undersea extension of land around a Continent. The shelf is a 

--- gently sloped (average less than one percent) plain that is an extension 

--- of the CoastalPlain found off the coast of most continents.

-fun ContinentalShelf : Class ;

-fun ContinentalShelf_Class : SubClass ContinentalShelf SubmergedLandArea ;

-

--- Corals are gastrovascular marine cnidarians (phylum 

--- Cnidaria, class Anthozoa) existing as small anemone_like polyps, typically 

--- forming colonies of many individuals. The group includes the important 

--- reef builders known as hermatypic corals, found in tropical oceans, and 

--- belonging to the subclass Zoantharia of order Scleractinia (formerly 

--- Madreporaria). The hermatypic corals obtain much of their nutrient 

--- requirement from symbiotic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae, and so 

--- are dependent upon growing in sunlight. As a result, these corals are 

--- usually found not far beneath the surface, although in clear waters corals 

--- can grow at depths of 60 m (200 ft). Corals breed by spawning, with all 

--- corals of the same species in a region releasing gametes simultaneously 

--- over a period of one to several nights around a full moon. (from Wikipedia)

-fun Coral : Class ;

-fun Coral_Class : SubClass Coral Invertebrate ;

-

--- CoralReef is the subclass of Reefs that are 

--- formed from living organisms that produce the limestone formations of the 

--- reef. Coral reefs include fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and Atolls.

-fun CoralReef : Class ;

-fun CoralReef_Class : SubClass CoralReef Reef ;

-

-fun CoralReefDecayIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- A Cove is a small part of a body of water that 

--- reaches into a coast.

-fun Cove : Class ;

-fun Cove_Class : SubClass Cove Inlet ;

-

--- Crosswind is the relative attribute of a 

--- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to a lateral 

--- side of the object.

-fun Crosswind : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

--- CyclonicStorm is the class of 

--- LowPressureWeatherSystems that involve a low pressure area 

--- surrounded by rapidly rotating winds, with the whole system 

--- typically moving forward at 20_30 mph.

-fun CyclonicStorm : Class ;

-fun CyclonicStorm_Class : SubClass CyclonicStorm (both LowPressureWeatherSystem Windstorm) ;

-

-

--- DDT (dichoro_diphenyl_trichloro_ethane) 

--- is a highly toxic insecticide also harmful to most other animal 

--- species. DDT was banned in the UnitedStates in 1972.

-fun DDT : Class ;

-fun DDT_Class : SubClass DDT CompoundSubstance ;

-

-fun Dam_StationaryArtifact : SubClass Dam StationaryArtifact ;

-

--- (DatumFn ?place) denotes the point of MLLW (Mean Lower Low 

--- Water) used as the initial data point for a coastal or WaterArea given on a nautical 

--- chart. High and low tides are calculated with reference to this point.

-fun DatumFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind LengthMeasure ;

-

-

-fun DeadSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

--- Defoliant is the class of substances 

--- that are used to make plants lose their leaves, typically used 

--- in agriculture or warfare. Defoliants may have detrimental 

--- environmental side effects.

-fun Defoliant : Class ;

-fun Defoliant_Class : SubClass Defoliant PureSubstance ;

-

-fun Deforestation : Class ;

-fun Deforestation_Class : SubClass Deforestation (both ForestDamage Removing) ;

-

-fun DeforestationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- A Delta is a LandForm composed of silt or other 

--- alluvium, deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream as it enters 

--- a body of relatively static water. Typically a delta is flat and fan_shaped.

-fun Delta : Class ;

-fun Delta_Class : SubClass Delta LandForm ;

-

--- DenseVegetation describes the 

--- density of vegetation in a Forest.

-fun DenseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

--- Desert is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

--- arid regions having sparse or no vegetation.

-fun Desert : Class ;

-fun Desert_Class : SubClass Desert LandArea ;

-

--- DesertClimateZone 

--- is the class of AridClimateZones characterized by 

--- sparse, desert vegetation. Koeppen system 'BW'.

-fun DesertClimateZone : Class ;

-fun DesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass DesertClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

-

--- Desertification represents the 

--- Process by which desert conditions are spread over an area.

-fun Desertification : Class ;

-fun Desertification_Class : SubClass Desertification WeatherProcess ;

+  fun EnvironmentalModificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun DesertificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue : Class ;

+  fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalWaterIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun DesertificationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Erosion is a wearing process on 

+  -- LandForms by wind, running water, ice, heat, and other processes, 

+  -- in which rock and soil material are removed from one area and 

+  -- deposited elsewhere.

+  fun Erosion : Class ;

+  fun Erosion_Class : SubClass Erosion (both GeologicalProcess Removing) ;

 

-fun DipSlipFault : Class ;

-fun DipSlipFault_Class : SubClass DipSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

--- (DirectionalSubregionFn ?DIRECTION ?AREA) denotes the part 

--- of GeographicArea ?AREA that lies in ?DIRECTION from the 

--- geographic center of ?AREA. For example, 

--- (DirectionalSubregionFn Iraq North) denotes the Northern 

--- part of Iraq. Such subregions are defined purely by geographical 

--- points of reference, not by sociological ones. For example, 

--- (DirectionalSubregionFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica South) denotes 

--- the Southern half of the United States, it does not denote the 

--- American South as distinguished for historical, literary, or 

--- cultural purposes.

-fun DirectionalSubregionFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- Estuary is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

+  -- represents WaterAreas where a sea or ocean Tide meets a River 

+  -- current.

+  fun Estuary : Class ;

+  fun Estuary_Class : SubClass Estuary (both BodyOfWater (both Inlet SaltWaterArea)) ;

 

+  -- ExclusiveFishingZone is the 

+  -- subclass of MaritimeClaimArea including offshore areas over which a 

+  -- nation claims exclusive jurisdiction only for fishing purposes (cf. 

+  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone). Zone widths vary up to 200 miles 

+  -- (NM).

+  fun ExclusiveFishingZone : Class ;

+  fun ExclusiveFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExclusiveFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

 

-fun DiseaseConditionsIssue : Class ;

-fun DiseaseConditionsIssue_Class : SubClass DiseaseConditionsIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

--- (DocumentFn ?PROP) denotes a class 

--- of Text objects that contain the information ?PROP.

-fun DocumentFn: El Proposition -> Desc Text ;

+  -- (ExclusiveFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

+  -- ExclusiveFishingZone that is claimed by the 

+  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

+  fun ExclusiveFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExclusiveFishingZone ;

 

+  -- ExtendedFishingZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

+  -- that includes offshore areas over which a nation claims fishing rights, 

+  -- beyond that nation's ExclusiveFishingZone. Zone widths vary, 

+  -- from as little as 12 miles (NM) up to a width of 200 miles (NM).

+  fun ExtendedFishingZone : Class ;

+  fun ExtendedFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExtendedFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

 

--- Downhill is a PositionalAttribute that 

--- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

--- down a slope from the other.

-fun Downhill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+  -- (ExtendedFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

+  -- ExtendedFishingZoneFn that is claimed by the 

+  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY, beyond its ExclusiveFishingZone.

+  fun ExtendedFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExtendedFishingZone ;

 

+  fun Famine : Class ;

+  fun Famine_Class : SubClass Famine SocialInteraction ;

 

-fun Downstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+  fun FamineIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- Downwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

--- downwind (leeward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

--- blowing.

-fun Downwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+  fun FarmingPracticesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

+  -- Fathom is a UnitOfMeasure used for measuring 

+  -- water depth. One fathom is equal to six feet.

+  fun Fathom : Ind UnitOfLength ;

 

-fun Dredging : Class ;

-fun Dredging_Class : SubClass Dredging Removing ;

-fun DriftNetFishingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- FertileTerrain describes an area 

+  -- that has the type of soil and climate conditions needed to produce 

+  -- good quality crops.

+  fun FertileTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

 

-fun DriftnetFishing : Class ;

-fun DriftnetFishing_Class : SubClass DriftnetFishing Fishing ;

--- Drought is the subclass of WeatherProcess 

--- that represents long periods without precipitation, which is damaging 

--- to crops, livestock, and human life.

-fun Drought : Class ;

-fun Drought_Class : SubClass Drought WeatherProcess ;

+  -- Fire is the subclass of Combustion events in 

+  -- which flames are present. Fires are slower combustion processes than 

+  -- explosions, though some fires may include explosive episodes.

+  fun Fire : Class ;

+  fun Fire_Class : SubClass Fire Combustion ;

 

-fun DroughtIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun FishStockDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- DryWinterColdClimateZone 

--- is a subclass of ColdClimateZone that is characterized by having 

--- at least ten times as much precipitation in the wettest summer month 

--- as in the driest winter month. This is Koeppen climate system subtype 

--- 'Dw'.

-fun DryWinterColdClimateZone : Class ;

-fun DryWinterColdClimateZone_Class : SubClass DryWinterColdClimateZone ColdClimateZone ;

+  -- Fishing is the class of Processes in which 

+  -- Fish are hunted.

+  fun Fishing : Class ;

+  fun Fishing_Class : SubClass Fishing Hunting ;

 

-fun DustStorm : Class ;

-fun DustStorm_Class : SubClass DustStorm WeatherProcess ;

--- An EarthTremor is an individual seismic 

--- event in which the earth shakes due to release of seismic pressures.

-fun EarthTremor : Class ;

-fun EarthTremor_Class : SubClass EarthTremor (both GeologicalProcess Tremor) ;

+  fun FlashFlooding : Class ;

+  fun FlashFlooding_Class : SubClass FlashFlooding Flooding ;

 

+  -- FlatTerrain is a TerrainAttribute 

+  -- describing regions within which there is very little variation in 

+  -- altitude.

+  fun FlatTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

 

--- Earthquake is the class of events in 

--- which the earth shakes while its layers readjust due to tensional 

--- stresses in the surface of the earth. A single earthquake may consist 

--- of one or more EarthTremors.

-fun Earthquake : Class ;

-fun Earthquake_Class : SubClass Earthquake GeologicalProcess ;

+  fun Flooding_WeatherProcess : SubClass Flooding WeatherProcess ;

 

--- EarthsAtmosphere is the layer of gases, 

--- a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen, surrounding PlanetEarth. See 

--- also Air.

-fun EarthsAtmosphere : Ind Atmosphere ;

+  -- (FlowFn ?FLUID) denotes the Motion process

+  -- associated with the constitutive pieces of the FlowRegion ?FLUID.

+  fun FlowFn : El FlowRegion -> Ind Motion ;

 

+  -- (FlowRegionFn ?FLOW) denotes the region 

+  -- in which the coherent LiquidMotion process ?FLOW is occurring.

+  fun FlowRegionFn : El LiquidMotion -> Ind Region ;

 

--- EarthsMoon is the Moon of PlanetEarth.

-fun EarthsMoon : Ind Moon ;

+  fun FlowRegion_Region : SubClass FlowRegion Region ;

 

+  fun Fogging : Class ;

+  fun Fogging_Class : SubClass Fogging WeatherProcess ;

 

-fun EasternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- Forest is the class of large LandAreas that 

+  -- are covered by trees and associated undergrowth, either growing wild or 

+  -- managed for the purpose of timber production.

+  fun Forest : Class ;

+  fun Forest_Class : SubClass Forest LandArea ;

 

-fun EasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun ForestDamage : Class ;

+  fun ForestDamage_Class : SubClass ForestDamage Damaging ;

 

-fun EasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun ForestDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- The half of the Earth that includes Europe, 

--- Asia, Africa, and Australia.

-fun EasternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

+  fun ForestFire : Class ;

+  fun ForestFire_Class : SubClass ForestFire (both Combustion ForestDamage) ;

 

+  fun FragileEcosystemIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

 

-fun EasternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+  fun FreezingRain : Class ;

+  fun FreezingRain_Class : SubClass FreezingRain Precipitation ;

 

--- Ecosystem is a subclass of GeographicAreas 

--- considered together with their organisms and environment as a functioning 

--- whole.

-fun Ecosystem : Class ;

-fun Ecosystem_Class : SubClass Ecosystem GeographicArea ;

+  -- Freshwater is the subclass of Water 

+  -- that has low soluble mineral content. See also PotableWater.

+  fun Freshwater : Class ;

+  fun Freshwater_Class : SubClass Freshwater Water ;

 

--- Effluent is a Substance 

--- that generically covers any waste matter that is released into 

--- the environment, including sewage and industrial pollutants.

-fun Effluent : Class ;

-fun Effluent_Class : SubClass Effluent Substance ;

+  fun FreshwaterOverutilization : Class ;

+  fun FreshwaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass FreshwaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

 

-fun ElNino : Class ;

-fun ElNino_Class : SubClass ElNino WeatherSeason ;

--- (ElevationHighPointFn ?AREA) 

--- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

--- highest elevation.

-fun ElevationHighPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- (GeographicCenterFn ?REGION) denotes the geographical center 

+  -- of the GeographicArea ?REGION.

+  fun GeographicCenterFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

 

+  fun GeographicRegion : Class ;

 

--- (ElevationLowPointFn ?AREA) 

--- denotes the area within the GeographicArea ?AREA that has the 

--- lowest elevation.

-fun ElevationLowPointFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- GeologicalFault is the subclass of 

+  -- GeographicAreas in which there is a fracture in the Earth's crust 

+  -- and differential movement can occur on the two sides of the fault. 

+  -- Such movement results in EarthTremors and is the cause of 

+  -- Earthquakes.

+  fun GeologicalFault : Class ;

+  fun GeologicalFault_Class : SubClass GeologicalFault GeographicArea ;

 

+  -- GeologicallyStable is a 

+  -- TerrainAttribute of a GeographicArea in which the geological 

+  -- substructure is stable, i.e., there are no active Volcanoes, 

+  -- no major fault lines, no blasting or other destabilizing activity.

+  fun GeologicallyStable : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

 

-fun EndangeredMarineWildlifeIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

+  fun Ghibli : Class ;

+  fun Ghibli_Class : SubClass Ghibli WindProcess ;

 

--- EndangeredSpecies is the 

--- subclass of Organism that includes plants and animals that 

--- are in danger of extinction from destruction of individuals 

--- or of habitat.

-fun EndangeredSpecies : Class ;

-fun EndangeredSpecies_Class : SubClass EndangeredSpecies Organism ;

+  -- A Glacier is a large body of slow_moving ice. 

+  -- Glaciers displace soil and rock while moving over land surfaces and break 

+  -- apart, forming Icebergs, when they reach the sea.

+  fun Glacier : Class ;

+  fun Glacier_Class : SubClass Glacier LandForm ;

 

-fun EndangeredSpeciesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  fun GrassFire : Class ;

+  fun GrassFire_Class : SubClass GrassFire Combustion ;

 

-fun EndangeredSpeciesIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

+  -- Grassland is the class of LandAreas 

+  -- where the predominant vegetation is some kind of grass.

+  fun Grassland : Class ;

+  fun Grassland_Class : SubClass Grassland (both Biome LandArea) ;

 

-fun EnvironmentalIssue : Class ;

-fun EnvironmentalIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalIssue AreaOfConcern ;

-fun EnvironmentalModificationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- Gravel is small rounded stones, often mixed with sand.

+  fun Gravel : Class ;

+  fun Gravel_Class : SubClass Gravel Rock ;

 

-fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue : Class ;

-fun EnvironmentalWaterIssue_Class : SubClass EnvironmentalWaterIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

--- Erosion is a wearing process on 

--- LandForms by wind, running water, ice, heat, and other processes, 

--- in which rock and soil material are removed from one area and 

--- deposited elsewhere.

-fun Erosion : Class ;

-fun Erosion_Class : SubClass Erosion (both GeologicalProcess Removing) ;

+  fun GreatSaltLake : Ind SaltLake ;

 

+  -- GreenhouseGas is the subclass of 

+  -- substances that, when present in the atmosphere, trap infrared 

+  -- radiation and cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include 

+  -- carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, 

+  -- and water vapor.

+  fun GreenhouseGas : Class ;

+  fun GreenhouseGas_Class : SubClass GreenhouseGas PureSubstance ;

 

--- Estuary is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

--- represents WaterAreas where a sea or ocean Tide meets a River 

--- current.

-fun Estuary : Class ;

-fun Estuary_Class : SubClass Estuary (both BodyOfWater (both Inlet SaltWaterArea)) ;

+  fun GreenwichEnglandUK : Ind City ;

 

+  -- GroundCoverVegetation 

+  -- describes the density of uniform low vegetation in a field or meadow.

+  fun GroundCoverVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

 

--- ExclusiveFishingZone is the 

--- subclass of MaritimeClaimArea including offshore areas over which a 

--- nation claims exclusive jurisdiction only for fishing purposes (cf. 

--- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone). Zone widths vary up to 200 miles 

--- (NM).

-fun ExclusiveFishingZone : Class ;

-fun ExclusiveFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExclusiveFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

+  -- Groundwater is the subclass of 

+  -- Water that is found in deposits in the earth.

+  fun Groundwater : Class ;

+  fun Groundwater_Class : SubClass Groundwater Water ;

 

+  fun GroundwaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

 

--- (ExclusiveFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

--- ExclusiveFishingZone that is claimed by the 

--- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-fun ExclusiveFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExclusiveFishingZone ;

+  -- Gulf is the class of extensions of a Sea or 

+  -- Ocean that reach into a land mass or are partially enclosed by a 

+  -- LandArea. A Gulf is typically larger than a Bay.

+  fun Gulf : Class ;

+  fun Gulf_Class : SubClass Gulf (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

 

+  fun GulfOfAden : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

 

--- ExtendedFishingZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

--- that includes offshore areas over which a nation claims fishing rights, 

--- beyond that nation's ExclusiveFishingZone. Zone widths vary, 

--- from as little as 12 miles (NM) up to a width of 200 miles (NM).

-fun ExtendedFishingZone : Class ;

-fun ExtendedFishingZone_Class : SubClass ExtendedFishingZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

+  fun GulfOfMexico : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

 

+  fun GulfOfOman : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

 

--- (ExtendedFishingZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

--- ExtendedFishingZoneFn that is claimed by the 

--- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY, beyond its ExclusiveFishingZone.

-fun ExtendedFishingZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind ExtendedFishingZone ;

+  -- Hailing is a precipitation process 

+  -- in which Water falls in a Solid state with round, hard pellets.

+  fun Hailing : Class ;

+  fun Hailing_Class : SubClass Hailing Precipitation ;

 

+  fun HarmattanWind : Class ;

+  fun HarmattanWind_Class : SubClass HarmattanWind WindProcess ;

 

-fun Famine : Class ;

-fun Famine_Class : SubClass Famine SocialInteraction ;

-fun FamineIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun HazardousWastesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun FarmingPracticesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Headwind is the relative attribute of a 

+  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the front 

+  -- of the object (FrontFn). A headwind can negatively affect the speed 

+  -- capability of a vehicle.

+  fun Headwind : Ind Attribute ;

+

+  fun HeavyRaining : Class ;

+  fun HeavyRaining_Class : SubClass HeavyRaining Raining ;

+

+  fun HeavySurf : Class ;

+  fun HeavySurf_Class : SubClass HeavySurf (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess) ;

+

+  -- Hemisphere is the class of GeographicAreas 

+  -- that are halves of the Earth, as traditionally divided into the Northern 

+  -- and Southern Hemispheres along the equator and into the Eastern and Western 

+  -- Hemispheres along a north_south line running 20°W and 160°E.

+  fun Hemisphere : Class ;

+  fun Hemisphere_Class : SubClass Hemisphere GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun HighBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

+

+  -- HighPressureWeatherSystem is 

+  -- the class of weather systems characterized by high barometricPressures. 

+  -- High pressure systems typically cause clear weather.

+  fun HighPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

+  fun HighPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass HighPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

+

+  -- HighTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

+  -- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level rises above 

+  -- the mean sea level.

+  fun HighTide : Class ;

+  fun HighTide_Class : SubClass HighTide TidalProcess ;

+

+  -- HigherHighTide is the subclass of 

+  -- HighTide processes that occur in marine waters with a 

+  -- MixedTideProcess.

+  fun HigherHighTide : Class ;

+  fun HigherHighTide_Class : SubClass HigherHighTide HighTide ;

+

+  -- A Hill is a raised part of the earth's surface with 

+  -- sloping sides _ an old mountain which because of erosion has become shorter 

+  -- and more rounded.

+  fun Hill : Class ;

+  fun Hill_Class : SubClass Hill (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+

+  -- Humus is decaying organic matter found in Soil 

+  -- and derived from dead animal and plant material.

+  fun Humus : Class ;

+  fun Humus_Class : SubClass Humus Mixture ;

+

+  fun Hurricane : Class ;

+  fun Hurricane_Class : SubClass Hurricane (both TropicalCyclone WeatherProcess) ;

+

+  fun HurricaneSeason : Class ;

+  fun HurricaneSeason_Class : SubClass HurricaneSeason WeatherSeason ;

+

+  -- HydropowerWaterArea is the class of WaterAreas with waterflow strength adequate 

+  -- for the production of hydropower.

+  fun HydropowerWaterArea : Class ;

+  fun HydropowerWaterArea_Class : SubClass HydropowerWaterArea WaterArea ;

+

+  -- An Iceberg is a large chunk of ice that has 

+  -- broken off from a glacier and fallen into the sea. The larger part of 

+  -- an Iceberg floats underwater.

+  fun Iceberg : Class ;

+  fun Iceberg_Class : SubClass Iceberg (both SelfConnectedObject Water) ;

+

+  fun Icing : Class ;

+  fun Icing_Class : SubClass Icing (both Freezing WeatherProcess) ;

+

+  fun IllegalWildlifeTradeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun InadequatePotableWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

+

+  fun InadequateSanitationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- IndianOcean represents the Indian Ocean.

+  fun IndianOcean : Ind Ocean ;

+

+  fun IndigenousPeoplesPreservationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- IndustrialPollution is 

+  -- the subclass of Pollution characterized by pollutants that 

+  -- originate in industrial processes.

+  fun IndustrialPollution : Class ;

+  fun IndustrialPollution_Class : SubClass IndustrialPollution Pollution ;

+

+  fun IndustrialPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  -- An instance of InlandWaterSystem 

+  -- comprises two or more lakes or rivers, canals, or other waterways that 

+  -- are interconnected.

+  fun InlandWaterSystem : Class ;

+  fun InlandWaterSystem_Class : SubClass InlandWaterSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

+

+  -- Inlet is the class of bays or other recesses 

+  -- into the shore of a lake, sea, or river, includes InletPassages, which 

+  -- are passages leading from open water through some barrier to a bay or 

+  -- lagoon.

+  fun Inlet : Class ;

+  fun Inlet_Class : SubClass Inlet BodyOfWater ;

+

+  -- InletPassage is the class of water 

+  -- passages connecting an area of open water to a bay or lagoon, through 

+  -- some land barrier(s) close on either side.

+  fun InletPassage : Class ;

+  fun InletPassage_Class : SubClass InletPassage Inlet ;

+

+  -- (InnerBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

+  -- inner boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

+  -- outer orientation with respect to another object.

+  fun InnerBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

+

+  -- InternationalAgreement is the 

+  -- subclass of Agreements which are made by and between Nations.

+  fun InternationalAgreement : Class ;

+  fun InternationalAgreement_Class : SubClass InternationalAgreement Agreement ;

+

+  -- InternationalBorder is the 

+  -- subclass of GeographicAreas where the areas of two Nations meet.

+  fun InternationalBorder : Class ;

+  fun InternationalBorder_Class : SubClass InternationalBorder GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun InvasiveSpeciesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- IrrigatedLand is the subclass of 

+  -- LandArea representing land whose water supply is artificially 

+  -- supplied or supplemented.

+  fun IrrigatedLand : Class ;

+  fun IrrigatedLand_Class : SubClass IrrigatedLand LandArea ;

+

+  -- Irrigating is the process of transporting 

+  -- and applying water to crops by artificial means.

+  fun Irrigating : Class ;

+  fun Irrigating_Class : SubClass Irrigating Motion ;

+

+  -- IrrigationChannel is the class of 

+  -- artificially created channels used for transporting water to agricultural 

+  -- fields for Irrigating crops.

+  fun IrrigationChannel : Class ;

+  fun IrrigationChannel_Class : SubClass IrrigationChannel Artifact ;

+

+  -- An Isthmus is a narrow strip of land that 

+  -- connects two larger land masses and is bordered on two sides by water.

+  fun Isthmus : Class ;

+  fun Isthmus_Class : SubClass Isthmus LandArea ;

+

+  -- JetStream is the class of high_velocity 

+  -- AirStreams that blow constantly in the upper atmosphere with constant 

+  -- speed and direction, though their location shifts somewhat. There are 

+  -- four JetStreams in EarthsAtmosphere.

+  fun JetStream : Class ;

+  fun JetStream_Class : SubClass JetStream AirStream ;

+

+  -- Jungle is a subclass of fertile LandAreas 

+  -- that are overgrown with tropical vegetation.

+  fun Jungle : Class ;

+  fun Jungle_Class : SubClass Jungle (both Biome LandArea) ;

+

+  fun Khamsin : Class ;

+  fun Khamsin_Class : SubClass Khamsin Windstorm ;

+

+  -- KnotUnitOfSpeed is a unit for measuring 

+  -- speed. One KnotUnitOfSpeed is equal to one NauticalMile per one 

+  -- HourDuration.

+  fun KnotUnitOfSpeed : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

+

+  fun KokoNor : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  -- Lake is the subclass of BodyOfWater whose instances are naturally

+  -- occurring static bodies of water surrounded by land.

+  fun Lake : Class ;

+  fun Lake_Class : SubClass Lake StaticWaterArea ;

+

+  fun LakeBakhtegan : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  fun LakeEyre : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  fun LakeMareotis : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  -- A LakeRegion is a GeographicArea 

+  -- including land surrounding one or more Lakes.

+  fun LakeRegion : Class ;

+  fun LakeRegion_Class : SubClass LakeRegion GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun LakeTorrens : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  fun LakeWalker : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  fun LandClearingIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

+

+  -- A LandForm is the class of geographically and/or geologically 

+  -- distinct areas that occur on Earth's surface, including mountains, hills, plains, valleys, 

+  -- deltas, and features of submerged land areas such as the ocean floor.

+  fun LandForm : Class ;

+  fun LandForm_Class : SubClass LandForm GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun LandSubsidence : Class ;

+  fun LandSubsidence_Class : SubClass LandSubsidence GeologicalProcess ;

+

+  -- LandlockedArea is the class of 

+  -- LandAreas that lack access to an Ocean or to a Waterway 

+  -- providing a link to the ocean.

+  fun LandlockedArea : Class ;

+  fun LandlockedArea_Class : SubClass LandlockedArea LandArea ;

+

+  -- LandlockedWater includes water 

+  -- areas that are surrounded by land, including salt lakes, fresh 

+  -- water lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and (more or less) wetlands.

+  fun LandlockedWater : Class ;

+  fun LandlockedWater_Class : SubClass LandlockedWater BodyOfWater ;

+

+  fun LandminesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun Landslide : Class ;

+  fun Landslide_Class : SubClass Landslide GeologicalProcess ;

+

+  -- LandslideProcess is a subclass 

+  -- of Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of mud, 

+  -- dirt, or rock slides down a slope, by the force of gravity.

+  fun LandslideProcess : Class ;

+  fun LandslideProcess_Class : SubClass LandslideProcess Impelling ;

+

+  -- Latitude is the class of Regions, 

+  -- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are parallels 

+  -- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the Equator.

+  fun Latitude : Class ;

+  fun Latitude_Class : SubClass Latitude Region ;

+

+  -- LatitudeFn is a VariableArityRelation 

+  -- used to denote a parallel of latitude. Examples: 

+  -- (LatitudeFn North (MeasureFn 38 AngularDegree)), (LatitudeFn 

+  -- South (MeasureFn 23 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 30 ArcMinute)), 

+  -- (LatitudeFn South (MeasureFn 60 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) 

+  -- (MeasureFn 0 ArcSecond)), (LatitudeFn North 

+  -- (MeasureFn 42 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 7.89 ArcMinute)).

+  fun LatitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind Region ;

+

+  fun LawOfTheSeaConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  -- Lichen is the class of complex thallyphytic 

+  -- plants made up of Alga and Fungus growing symbiotically.

+  fun Lichen : Class ;

+  fun Lichen_Class : SubClass Lichen NonFloweringPlant ;

+

+  fun LimitedFreshWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

+

+  -- LittoralCurrent is the subclass of 

+  -- WaterCurrents that occur near a ShoreArea. Examples include 

+  -- TidalEbb, TidalFlow, and RipCurrents.

+  fun LittoralCurrent : Class ;

+  fun LittoralCurrent_Class : SubClass LittoralCurrent WaterCurrent ;

+

+  -- A LittoralZone is an area along the shore 

+  -- of a large body of water, especially an Ocean or Sea, including the area 

+  -- extending from the high tide mark out to a depth of 200 meters. The littoral 

+  -- zone is of interest for its land features, e.g., slope gradient and soil 

+  -- composition, including features of its SubmergedLandArea.

+  fun LittoralZone : Class ;

+  fun LittoralZone_Class : SubClass LittoralZone GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- Type of soil intermediate in texture between clay and sand, 

+  -- consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, gravel, silt, and organic matter.

+  fun Loam : Class ;

+  fun Loam_Class : SubClass Loam Soil ;

+

+  fun Locust : Class ;

+  fun Locust_Class : SubClass Locust Animal ;

+

+  -- Longitude is the class of Regions, 

+  -- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are meridians 

+  -- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the PrimeMeridian through 

+  -- GreenwichEnglandUK.

+  fun Longitude : Class ;

+  fun Longitude_Class : SubClass Longitude Region ;

+

+  -- (LongitudeFn ?DIRECTION @ROW) 

+  -- denotes a meridian of longitude. Note that LongitudeFn is 

+  -- a VariableArityRelation. Examples: 

+  -- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 180 AngularDegree)), (LongitudeFn 

+  -- West (MeasureFn 122 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 24 ArcMinute)), 

+  -- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 121 AngularDegree) 

+  -- (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) (MeasureFn 15 ArcSecond)), 

+  -- (LongitudeFn West (MeasureFn 80 AngularDegree) 

+  -- (MeasureFn 6.78 ArcMinute)).

+  fun LongitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun LossOfHabitatIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun LowBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

+

+  -- LowPressureWeatherSystem is 

+  -- the class of weather systems characterized by low or unstable 

+  -- barometricPressures. Low pressure systems typically introduce 

+  -- unsettled weather, frequently including storms.

+  fun LowPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

+  fun LowPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass LowPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

+

+  -- LowTerrain is terrain in which the slope 

+  -- is less than 3%.

+  fun LowTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+

+  -- LowTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

+  -- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level falls below 

+  -- the mean sea level.

+  fun LowTide : Class ;

+  fun LowTide_Class : SubClass LowTide TidalProcess ;

+

+  -- LowerLowTide is the subclass of LowTide 

+  -- processes that occur in marine waters with a MixedTideProcess.

+  fun LowerLowTide : Class ;

+  fun LowerLowTide_Class : SubClass LowerLowTide LowTide ;

+

+  -- A LowlandArea is a land area lower than the surrounding region, 

+  -- and usually level land.

+  fun LowlandArea : Class ;

+  fun LowlandArea_Class : SubClass LowlandArea LandForm ;

+

+  fun MarineDumpingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun MarineLifeConservationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  -- A MaritimeClaimArea is a GeographicArea 

+  -- delimited by a geopolitical state's claim, under the LawOfTheSea, of rights 

+  -- to certain resources, activities, or jurisdiction in the claimed area. 

+  -- MaritimeClaimAreas can pertain to WaterAreas, SubmergedLandAreas, and Airspace.

+  fun MaritimeClaimArea : Class ;

+  fun MaritimeClaimArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeClaimArea GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- (MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

+  -- peripheral zones of maritime control extending outward from the Region 

+  -- ?REGION.

+  fun MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn : El Region -> Ind PerimeterArea ;

+

+  -- MaritimeContiguousZone 

+  -- is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that includes areas over 

+  -- which a geopolitical state may exercise some control of activities 

+  -- beyond the 12_mile zone of its TerritorialSea. In general, 

+  -- the authorized control is for preventing or punishing activities 

+  -- that would violate laws applying within the 12_mile zone (that is, 

+  -- authorization to chase and intercept). According to the LawOfTheSea, 

+  -- a MaritimeContiguousZone may extend up to 24 nautical miles from the coast.

+  fun MaritimeContiguousZone : Class ;

+  fun MaritimeContiguousZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeContiguousZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  -- (MaritimeContiguousZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeContiguousZone 

+  -- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

+  fun MaritimeContiguousZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeContiguousZone ;

+

+  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

+  -- that represents the offshore area that coastal nations can claim for 

+  -- fishing and other uses of the ocean water and seabed found there.

+  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone : Class ;

+  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  -- (MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

+  -- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone that is claimed by the 

+  -- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

+  fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone ;

+

+  fun MaritimeHazard : Class ;

+  fun MaritimeHazard_Class : SubClass MaritimeHazard LandForm ;

+

+  -- MaritimeShelfArea 

+  -- is a subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that covers SubmergedLandAreas 

+  -- claimed by an adjacent geopolitical area. The LawOfTheSea defines 

+  -- the continental shelf as extending up to 200 miles (NM) offshore and 

+  -- including the resources found therein. The defined claim area does not 

+  -- correspond exactly to a geological ContinentalShelf, but if there is one, 

+  -- the two areas will overlap spatially.

+  fun MaritimeShelfArea : Class ;

+  fun MaritimeShelfArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeShelfArea (both MaritimeClaimArea SubmergedLandArea) ;

+

+  -- (MaritimeShelfAreaFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeShelfArea 

+  -- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

+  fun MaritimeShelfAreaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeShelfArea ;

+

+  -- MediterraneanClimateZone 

+  -- is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by 

+  -- mild, cool, wet winters and warm dry summers. Mediterranean shores 

+  -- are the archetype, but the Mediterranean climate is also found elsewhere.

+  fun MediterraneanClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun MediterraneanClimateZone_Class : SubClass MediterraneanClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

+

+  fun MediterraneanSea : Ind Sea ;

+

+  fun MediumBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

+

+  -- A Mesa is a land formation having a relatively flat 

+  -- top and steep rock walls.

+  fun Mesa : Class ;

+  fun Mesa_Class : SubClass Mesa (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+

+  -- MetallurgicalPlant is the 

+  -- subclass of Organization that includes metal refining and 

+  -- manufacturing plants. Such plants typically release extremely 

+  -- toxic waste which can pollute air and groundwater if not 

+  -- properly treated.

+  fun MetallurgicalPlant : Class ;

+  fun MetallurgicalPlant_Class : SubClass MetallurgicalPlant Organization ;

+

+  fun MiddleAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- MiddleEastRegion is a 

+  -- GeopoliticalArea that comprises countries of Southwestern Asia 

+  -- and (in some definitions) Northwestern Africa. Here this term is 

+  -- defined as in the CIA World Fact Book, in which the Middle East 

+  -- includes: Bahrain, Cyprus, the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Israel, 

+  -- Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United 

+  -- Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.

+  fun MiddleEastRegion : Ind (both GeographicArea GeopoliticalArea) ;

+

+  -- MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone is the subclass of 

+  -- DesertClimateZone characterized by a cool dry climate 

+  -- typical of middle latitude deserts. This is subtype 'BWk' 

+  -- in the Keoppen climate system.

+  fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

+

+  -- MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of 

+  -- TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by cool winters 

+  -- and hot summers.

+  fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  fun MiningPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun Mistral : Class ;

+  fun Mistral_Class : SubClass Mistral WindProcess ;

+

+  -- MixedTideProcess is the subclass of 

+  -- TidalProcesses consisting of daily cycles in which the two low and 

+  -- two high tides are of unequal height. In areas with this kind of 

+  -- pattern, the chart (based on average low water) is determined by the 

+  -- Mean Lower Low Water.

+  fun MixedTideProcess : Class ;

+  fun MixedTideProcess_Class : SubClass MixedTideProcess TidalProcess ;

+

+  fun Monsoon : Class ;

+  fun Monsoon_Class : SubClass Monsoon WeatherSeason ;

+

+  -- MonsoonClimateZone is the class 

+  -- of TropicalClimateZones in which there is a short dry season between 

+  -- rains heavy enough to keep the ground wet all through the year. This 

+  -- is Koeppen climate system subtype 'Aw'.

+  fun MonsoonClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun MonsoonClimateZone_Class : SubClass MonsoonClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

+

+  -- Moon is the class of NaturalSatellites that 

+  -- orbit planets or large asteroids.

+  fun Moon : Class ;

+  fun Moon_Class : SubClass Moon NaturalSatellite ;

+

+  -- A Mountain is a high, rocky LandForm, usually 

+  -- with steep sides and a pointed or rounded top, and higher than a Hill.

+  fun Mountain : Class ;

+  fun Mountain_Class : SubClass Mountain (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+

+  -- A MountainRange is a row or chain of connected mountains.

+  fun MountainRange : Class ;

+  fun MountainRange_Class : SubClass MountainRange (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+

+  -- An area of MountainousTerrain 

+  -- is an area of rugged terrain in which there are many mountains.

+  fun MountainousTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+

+  fun Mudflow : Class ;

+  fun Mudflow_Class : SubClass Mudflow Landslide ;

+

+  fun Mudslide : Class ;

+  fun Mudslide_Class : SubClass Mudslide Landslide ;

+

+  -- NaturalGas is a combustible mixture 

+  -- of methane and higher hydrocarbons.

+  fun NaturalGas : Class ;

+  fun NaturalGas_Class : SubClass NaturalGas CompoundSubstance ;

+

+  -- NaturalSatellite is the class of 

+  -- large, naturally occurring astronomical bodies orbiting some other 

+  -- AstronomicalBody.

+  fun NaturalSatellite : Class ;

+  fun NaturalSatellite_Class : SubClass NaturalSatellite (both AstronomicalBody Satellite) ;

 

--- Fathom is a UnitOfMeasure used for measuring 

--- water depth. One fathom is equal to six feet.

-fun Fathom : Ind UnitOfLength ;

+  -- NauticalMile represents the international 

+  -- unit used for measuring distance in sea and air navigation. The unit is 

+  -- based on the length of a minute of arc of a great circle of 

+  -- PlanetEarth.

+  fun NauticalMile : Ind UnitOfLength ;

 

+  fun NormalFault : Class ;

+  fun NormalFault_Class : SubClass NormalFault DipSlipFault ;

 

--- FertileTerrain describes an area 

--- that has the type of soil and climate conditions needed to produce 

--- good quality crops.

-fun FertileTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+  fun NorthAmerica : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

 

+  -- NorthAtlanticOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

+  -- of the AtlanticOcean.

+  fun NorthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

 

--- Fire is the subclass of Combustion events in 

--- which flames are present. Fires are slower combustion processes than 

--- explosions, though some fires may include explosive episodes.

-fun Fire : Class ;

-fun Fire_Class : SubClass Fire Combustion ;

+  -- NorthPacificOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

+  -- of the PacificOcean.

+  fun NorthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

 

-fun FishStockDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun NorthSea : Ind Sea ;

 

--- Fishing is the class of Processes in which 

--- Fish are hunted.

-fun Fishing : Class ;

-fun Fishing_Class : SubClass Fishing Hunting ;

+  -- Northeast represents the compass direction of Northeast.

+  fun Northeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

 

-fun FlashFlooding : Class ;

-fun FlashFlooding_Class : SubClass FlashFlooding Flooding ;

--- FlatTerrain is a TerrainAttribute 

--- describing regions within which there is very little variation in 

--- altitude.

-fun FlatTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+  fun NorthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

+  fun NorthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun Flooding_WeatherProcess : SubClass Flooding WeatherProcess ;

+  fun NorthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- (FlowFn ?FLUID) denotes the Motion process

--- associated with the constitutive pieces of the FlowRegion ?FLUID.

-fun FlowFn : El FlowRegion -> Ind Motion ;

+  -- The half of the Earth that lies above the equator.

+  fun NorthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

 

+  fun NorthernNorthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- (FlowRegionFn ?FLOW) denotes the region 

--- in which the coherent LiquidMotion process ?FLOW is occurring.

-fun FlowRegionFn : El LiquidMotion -> Ind Region ;

+  fun NorthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

+  -- Northwest represents the compass direction of Northwest.

+  fun Northwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

 

-fun FlowRegion_Region : SubClass FlowRegion Region ;

+  -- NoxiousSubstance is 

+  -- the class of Substances that are harmful to Humans.

+  fun NoxiousSubstance : Class ;

+  fun NoxiousSubstance_Class : SubClass NoxiousSubstance Substance ;

 

-fun Fogging : Class ;

-fun Fogging_Class : SubClass Fogging WeatherProcess ;

--- Forest is the class of large LandAreas that 

--- are covered by trees and associated undergrowth, either growing wild or 

--- managed for the purpose of timber production.

-fun Forest : Class ;

-fun Forest_Class : SubClass Forest LandArea ;

+  fun NuclearEnvironmentalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

 

-fun ForestDamage : Class ;

-fun ForestDamage_Class : SubClass ForestDamage Damaging ;

-fun ForestDegradation : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun NuclearPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun ForestFire : Class ;

-fun ForestFire_Class : SubClass ForestFire (both Combustion ForestDamage) ;

+  fun NuclearTestBanTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun FragileEcosystemIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

+  -- Oasis is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

+  -- fertile places within a desert, which have water and some vegetation.

+  fun Oasis : Class ;

+  fun Oasis_Class : SubClass Oasis (both Biome LandArea) ;

 

-fun FreezingRain : Class ;

-fun FreezingRain_Class : SubClass FreezingRain Precipitation ;

--- Freshwater is the subclass of Water 

--- that has low soluble mineral content. See also PotableWater.

-fun Freshwater : Class ;

-fun Freshwater_Class : SubClass Freshwater Water ;

+  -- OccludedFront is the class of complex 

+  -- weather transition processes in which a cold air mass overtakes a warm 

+  -- air mass.

+  fun OccludedFront : Class ;

+  fun OccludedFront_Class : SubClass OccludedFront WeatherFront ;

 

-fun FreshwaterOverutilization : Class ;

-fun FreshwaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass FreshwaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

--- (GeographicCenterFn ?REGION) denotes the geographical center 

--- of the GeographicArea ?REGION.

-fun GeographicCenterFn : El GeographicArea -> Ind GeographicArea ;

+  -- Ocean is the class containing the oceans 

+  -- that are the major subdivisions of the WorldOcean. According to 

+  -- the International Hydrographic Association, there are five oceans: 

+  -- the AtlanticOcean, PacificOcean, IndianOcean, SouthernOcean, 

+  -- and ArcticOcean. Note: The largest oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific, 

+  -- are subdivided into Northern and Southern regions, but those regions 

+  -- are not separate Oceans.

+  fun Ocean : Class ;

+  fun Ocean_Class : SubClass Ocean (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

 

+  fun Oceania : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

 

-fun GeographicRegion : Class ;

+  fun OilPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

 

--- GeologicalFault is the subclass of 

--- GeographicAreas in which there is a fracture in the Earth's crust 

--- and differential movement can occur on the two sides of the fault. 

--- Such movement results in EarthTremors and is the cause of 

--- Earthquakes.

-fun GeologicalFault : Class ;

-fun GeologicalFault_Class : SubClass GeologicalFault GeographicArea ;

+  -- OpenSea is the Attribute of a WaterArea 

+  -- that is open ocean beyond five NauticalMiles of land, also known as 

+  -- 'blue water'.

+  fun OpenSea : Ind Attribute ;

 

--- GeologicallyStable is a 

--- TerrainAttribute of a GeographicArea in which the geological 

--- substructure is stable, i.e., there are no active Volcanoes, 

--- no major fault lines, no blasting or other destabilizing activity.

-fun GeologicallyStable : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+  -- (OuterBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

+  -- outer boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

+  -- outer orientation with respect to another object.

+  fun OuterBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

 

+  -- OvercastWeather represents

+  --  a condition in which more than 70% of the sky is covered 

+  -- with clouds.

+  fun OvercastWeather : Class ;

+  fun OvercastWeather_Class : SubClass OvercastWeather WeatherProcess ;

 

-fun Ghibli : Class ;

-fun Ghibli_Class : SubClass Ghibli WindProcess ;

--- A Glacier is a large body of slow_moving ice. 

--- Glaciers displace soil and rock while moving over land surfaces and break 

--- apart, forming Icebergs, when they reach the sea.

-fun Glacier : Class ;

-fun Glacier_Class : SubClass Glacier LandForm ;

+  -- Overgrazing is the class of processes 

+  -- in which grazing animals consume vegetation faster than it can regrow.

+  fun Overgrazing : Class ;

+  fun Overgrazing_Class : SubClass Overgrazing Eating ;

 

-fun GrassFire : Class ;

-fun GrassFire_Class : SubClass GrassFire Combustion ;

--- Grassland is the class of LandAreas 

--- where the predominant vegetation is some kind of grass.

-fun Grassland : Class ;

-fun Grassland_Class : SubClass Grassland (both Biome LandArea) ;

+  fun OvergrazingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

+  fun OverhuntingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- Gravel is small rounded stones, often mixed with sand.

-fun Gravel : Class ;

-fun Gravel_Class : SubClass Gravel Rock ;

+  fun OverpopulationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun GreatSaltLake : Ind SaltLake ;

+  fun OzoneDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- GreenhouseGas is the subclass of 

--- substances that, when present in the atmosphere, trap infrared 

--- radiation and cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include 

--- carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, 

--- and water vapor.

-fun GreenhouseGas : Class ;

-fun GreenhouseGas_Class : SubClass GreenhouseGas PureSubstance ;

+  fun OzoneLayerProtectionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

 

-fun GreenwichEnglandUK : Ind City ;

+  -- The OzoneShield is a layer in 

+  -- EarthsAtmosphere, located about 25 miles above Earth's surface, 

+  -- composed of ozone gas that absorbs ultraviolent radiation from 

+  -- the Sun that can be damaging to living things.

+  fun OzoneShield : Ind (both AtmosphericRegion CompoundSubstance) ;

 

--- GroundCoverVegetation 

--- describes the density of uniform low vegetation in a field or meadow.

-fun GroundCoverVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

+  -- PHValue ('pH') is a UnitOfMeasure 

+  -- used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH 

+  -- scale ranges from 0 to 14. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. 

+  -- Acid solutions have a pH value less than seven. Alkaline solutions 

+  -- have a value greater than seven.

+  fun PHValue : Ind NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

 

+  -- PacificOcean represents the Pacific Ocean.

+  fun PacificOcean : Ind Ocean ;

 

--- Groundwater is the subclass of 

--- Water that is found in deposits in the earth.

-fun Groundwater : Class ;

-fun Groundwater_Class : SubClass Groundwater Water ;

+  -- Pampa is a class of vast, level, typically grassy 

+  -- Plains of land in South America.

+  fun Pampa : Class ;

+  fun Pampa_Class : SubClass Pampa (both Grassland Plain) ;

 

-fun GroundwaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

+  fun Pampero : Class ;

+  fun Pampero_Class : SubClass Pampero Windstorm ;

 

--- Gulf is the class of extensions of a Sea or 

--- Ocean that reach into a land mass or are partially enclosed by a 

--- LandArea. A Gulf is typically larger than a Bay.

-fun Gulf : Class ;

-fun Gulf_Class : SubClass Gulf (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

+  -- PartlyCloudyWeather 

+  -- represents a condition in which between 30% and 70% of the 

+  -- sky is covered with clouds.

+  fun PartlyCloudyWeather : Class ;

+  fun PartlyCloudyWeather_Class : SubClass PartlyCloudyWeather WeatherProcess ;

 

+  -- A Peninsula is a piece of land that extends 

+  -- into a body of water and is surrounded on three sides by water. Typically 

+  -- connected by an Isthmus or neck of land that is narrower than its main 

+  -- portion (contrast with Cape).

+  fun Peninsula : Class ;

+  fun Peninsula_Class : SubClass Peninsula LandForm ;

 

-fun GulfOfAden : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

+  -- A PerimeterArea is a region that 

+  -- extends outward from a boundary with another region, surrounding or 

+  -- partially surrounding it, but which is not part of that other region. 

+  -- See BorderFn and PerimeterAreaFn.

+  fun PerimeterArea : Class ;

+  fun PerimeterArea_Class : SubClass PerimeterArea Region ;

+

+  -- (PerimeterAreaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

+  -- class including any peripheral zones extending outward from the Region 

+  -- ?REGION.

+  fun PerimeterAreaFn: El Region -> Desc PerimeterArea ;

+

+  fun Permafrost : Ind CompoundSubstance ;

+

+  -- PermanentCropLand is the subclass 

+  -- of LandArea that represents land cultivated for crops that are produced 

+  -- without replanting after every harvest, such as fruit trees, coffee, rubber, 

+  -- nuts, and vineyards. Does not include timberland. Cf. arableLandArea.

+  fun PermanentCropLand : Class ;

+  fun PermanentCropLand_Class : SubClass PermanentCropLand LandArea ;

 

-fun GulfOfMexico : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

+  fun PersianGulf : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

 

-fun GulfOfOman : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

+  fun PesticideIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

--- Hailing is a precipitation process 

--- in which Water falls in a Solid state with round, hard pellets.

-fun Hailing : Class ;

-fun Hailing_Class : SubClass Hailing Precipitation ;

+  -- PesticidePollution is 

+  -- the subclass of Pollution in which the pollutant is a pesticide.

+  fun PesticidePollution : Class ;

+  fun PesticidePollution_Class : SubClass PesticidePollution Pollution ;

 

-fun HarmattanWind : Class ;

-fun HarmattanWind_Class : SubClass HarmattanWind WindProcess ;

-fun HazardousWastesConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+  -- Phospate is a salt or ester of a 

+  -- phosphoric acid.

+  fun Phosphate : Class ;

+  fun Phosphate_Class : SubClass Phosphate CompoundSubstance ;

 

--- Headwind is the relative attribute of a 

--- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the front 

--- of the object (FrontFn). A headwind can negatively affect the speed 

--- capability of a vehicle.

-fun Headwind : Ind Attribute ;

+  -- A Piedmont is a LandArea at the foot of mountains.

+  fun Piedmont : Class ;

+  fun Piedmont_Class : SubClass Piedmont LandArea ;

 

+  -- Pines are coniferous BotanicalTrees of the 

+  -- genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They are evergreens, with needle_

+  -- shaped leaves and propagate by dropping pine cones, which contains

+  -- seeds. (from Wikipedia)

+  fun PineTree : Class ;

+  fun PineTree_Class : SubClass PineTree BotanicalTree ;

 

-fun HeavyRaining : Class ;

-fun HeavyRaining_Class : SubClass HeavyRaining Raining ;

-fun HeavySurf : Class ;

-fun HeavySurf_Class : SubClass HeavySurf (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess) ;

+  -- A Plain is a broad, flat or gently rolling area, 

+  -- usually low in elevation.

+  fun Plain : Class ;

+  fun Plain_Class : SubClass Plain LowlandArea ;

 

--- Hemisphere is the class of GeographicAreas 

--- that are halves of the Earth, as traditionally divided into the Northern 

--- and Southern Hemispheres along the equator and into the Eastern and Western 

--- Hemispheres along a north_south line running 20°W and 160°E.

-fun Hemisphere : Class ;

-fun Hemisphere_Class : SubClass Hemisphere GeographicArea ;

+  -- Planet is the class of large 

+  -- NaturalSatellites that revolve around a star.

+  fun Planet : Class ;

+  fun Planet_Class : SubClass Planet NaturalSatellite ;

 

-fun HighBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

+  fun PlanetEarth : Ind Planet ;

 

--- HighPressureWeatherSystem is 

--- the class of weather systems characterized by high barometricPressures. 

--- High pressure systems typically cause clear weather.

-fun HighPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

-fun HighPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass HighPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

+  fun PlanetJupiter : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetMars : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetMercury : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetNeptune : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetPluto : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetSaturn : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetUranus : Ind Planet ;

+

+  fun PlanetVenus : Ind Planet ;

+

+  -- Planting is the class of processes in 

+  -- which botanical Plants are planted or transplanted, whether as 

+  -- seeds, seedlings, or mature plants.

+  fun Planting : Class ;

+  fun Planting_Class : SubClass Planting Putting ;

+

+  -- A Plateau is a flat upland area with one steep 

+  -- face, elevated plain.

+  fun Plateau : Class ;

+  fun Plateau_Class : SubClass Plateau (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+

+  -- Poaching is the illegal killing 

+  -- of non_human animals.

+  fun Poaching : Class ;

+  fun Poaching_Class : SubClass Poaching Killing ;

+

+  -- PolarClimateZone is a subclass of 

+  -- ClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature less than 

+  -- 10 degrees Celsius in the warmest month. This is Koeppen climate system 

+  -- Type E. No agriculture is supported in polar climates.

+  fun PolarClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun PolarClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  -- PolarTypeFClimateZone is a 

+  -- subclass of PolarClimateZone characterized by having no month in 

+  -- which the temperature rises to 10 degrees Celsius or above.

+  fun PolarTypeFClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun PolarTypeFClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarTypeFClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

+

+  fun PollutedFishStocksIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- Pollution is the contamination of an 

+  -- environment by man_made wastes.

+  fun Pollution : Class ;

+  fun Pollution_Class : SubClass Pollution SocialInteraction ;

+

+  fun PollutionIssue : Class ;

+  fun PollutionIssue_Class : SubClass PollutionIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun PoopoLake : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  fun PopulationMigrationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- PotableWater is the subclass 

+  -- of Water that represents safely drinkable water.

+  fun PotableWater : Class ;

+  fun PotableWater_Class : SubClass PotableWater Freshwater ;

+

+  -- Potash is a Potassium carbonate from 

+  -- wood ashes or a potassium compound.

+  fun Potash : Class ;

+  fun Potash_Class : SubClass Potash CompoundSubstance ;

+

+  fun PowerPlantEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  -- Prairie is a class of large plains 

+  -- LandAreas with tall grass vegetation.

+  fun Prairie : Class ;

+  fun Prairie_Class : SubClass Prairie (both Grassland Plain) ;

+

+  -- RainForest is the subclass of LandAreas 

+  -- that are densely planted with trees.

+  fun RainForest : Class ;

+  fun RainForest_Class : SubClass RainForest (both Biome Forest) ;

+

+  -- Raining is a precipitation process 

+  -- in which water falls in a Liquid state.

+  fun Raining : Class ;

+  fun Raining_Class : SubClass Raining Precipitation ;

+

+  -- Rapids is the class of WaterAreas that are 

+  -- parts of a StreamWaterArea where the currents move swiftly over 

+  -- rocks.

+  fun Rapids : Class ;

+  fun Rapids_Class : SubClass Rapids StreamWaterArea ;

+

+  fun RawSewagePollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  fun RedSea : Ind Sea ;

+

+  -- A Reef is a ridge of rock, coral, or sand at or near 

+  -- the surface of a WaterArea.

+  fun Reef : Class ;

+  fun Reef_Class : SubClass Reef (both LandForm MaritimeHazard) ;

+

+  -- Reforestation is the process of 

+  -- replanting trees on land where they were cut or burned.

+  fun Reforestation : Class ;

+  fun Reforestation_Class : SubClass Reforestation Planting ;

+

+  -- A Reservoir is an artifically made (or 

+  -- artifically enlarged) holding area where water is collected and stored 

+  -- for future use.

+  fun Reservoir : Class ;

+  fun Reservoir_Class : SubClass Reservoir (both Artifact FreshWaterArea) ;

+

+  -- A ReservoirLake is an artifically made 

+  -- (or artifically enlarged) lake used for water collection and storage.

+  fun ReservoirLake : Class ;

+  fun ReservoirLake_Class : SubClass ReservoirLake (both Lake Reservoir) ;

+

+  -- A RichterMagnitude is a measure 

+  -- of the severity of an EarthTremor. For example, 

+  -- (MeasureFn 6.5 RichterMagnitude) denotes the value of 6.5 on the 

+  -- Richter scale.

+  fun RichterMagnitude : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

+

+  -- A RipCurrent is a fast narrow surface current 

+  -- that flows seaward from a ShoreArea.

+  fun RipCurrent : Class ;

+  fun RipCurrent_Class : SubClass RipCurrent LittoralCurrent ;

+

+  -- River is the class of large streams of fresh 

+  -- water flowing through land into a lake, ocean, or other body of water.

+  fun River : Class ;

+  fun River_Class : SubClass River (both BodyOfWater (both FreshWaterArea StreamWaterArea)) ;

+

+  -- A RiverBank is the ShoreArea adjacent to a river.

+  fun RiverBank : Class ;

+  fun RiverBank_Class : SubClass RiverBank (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

+

+  -- RiverMouth is the subclass of WaterAreas 

+  -- that are the outfalls of a river or stream into another body of water.

+  fun RiverMouth : Class ;

+  fun RiverMouth_Class : SubClass RiverMouth (both StreamWaterArea WaterArea) ;

+

+  -- A RiverSystem comprises all the tributary 

+  -- streams and rivers (StreamWaterAreas) that drain along converging 

+  -- paths into the main river of the system, which discharges into a 

+  -- StaticWaterArea.

+  fun RiverSystem : Class ;

+  fun RiverSystem_Class : SubClass RiverSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

+

+  fun Rockslide : Class ;

+  fun Rockslide_Class : SubClass Rockslide Landslide ;

+

+  -- Salination is the class of processes 

+  -- in which either Freshwater or Topsoil becomes imbued with 

+  -- SodiumChloride from sea water or from the evaporation of irrigation water.

+  fun Salination : Class ;

+  fun Salination_Class : SubClass Salination Combining ;

+

+  -- A Salt is a chemical substance which is a combination 

+  -- of a metal or a base with an acid.

+  fun Salt : Class ;

+  fun Salt_Class : SubClass Salt CompoundSubstance ;

+

+  -- SaltLake is the class of landlocked 

+  -- bodies of salt water, including those referred to as 'Seas', e.g., 

+  -- the CaspianSea. But note that the MediterraneanSea is a Sea.

+  fun SaltLake : Class ;

+  fun SaltLake_Class : SubClass SaltLake (both LandlockedWater SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  fun SaltonSea : Ind SaltLake ;

+

+  -- Sand is loose fragments of minerals or rocks. Smaller than 

+  -- gravel and larger than silt and clay, sand particles range from 8/10,000 to 8/100 

+  -- inch (0.02 to 2 millimeters) in diameter. Sand is formed by the Erosion of rocks 

+  -- through the action of water, ice, or air.

+  fun Sand : Class ;

+  fun Sand_Class : SubClass Sand Soil ;

+

+  fun Sandstorm : Class ;

+  fun Sandstorm_Class : SubClass Sandstorm WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- Sanitation is the class of processes 

+  -- by which human waste and garbage are disposed of.

+  fun Sanitation : Class ;

+  fun Sanitation_Class : SubClass Sanitation Removing ;

+

+  -- Satellite is the collection of bodies that 

+  -- revolve around some astronomical body, e.g., planets around a star. 

+  -- This class includes both artificial and NaturalSatellites.

+  fun Satellite : Class ;

+  fun Satellite_Class : SubClass Satellite AstronomicalBody ;

+

+  -- Savanna is a class of tropical or subtropical 

+  -- Grasslands, typically treeless.

+  fun Savanna : Class ;

+  fun Savanna_Class : SubClass Savanna (both Grassland Plain) ;

+

+  -- ScatteredVegetation describes 

+  -- the pattern of vegetation in which plants appear at intervals.

+  fun ScatteredVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

+

+  -- Sea is the class of smaller subdivisions of 

+  -- the WorldOcean, typically partially surrounded by land. However, 

+  -- for inland salt water bodies that are sometimes called 'Sea', see 

+  -- SaltLake.

+  fun Sea : Class ;

+  fun Sea_Class : SubClass Sea (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  fun SeaIce : Class ;

+  fun SeaIce_Class : SubClass SeaIce Ice ;

+

+  -- SeaLevel designates the global Mean Sea Surface 

+  -- (MSS). Note that SeaLevel represents a GeographicArea that comprises all 

+  -- the local Mean Sea Level (MSL) areas used as references for measuring altitude. 

+  -- In fact, there are local variations in MSL, due to tides and long_ and short_

+  -- term weather conditions.

+  fun SeaLevel : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- SeabedArea is the class of SubmergedLandAreas that are part of 

+  -- the sea floor.

+  fun SeabedArea : Class ;

+  fun SeabedArea_Class : SubClass SeabedArea SubmergedLandArea ;

+

+  -- A Seacoast is the ShoreArea along the 

+  -- margin of an ocean, extending inland approximately 1_3 km from the low 

+  -- water mark.

+  fun Seacoast : Class ;

+  fun Seacoast_Class : SubClass Seacoast (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

+

+  fun SemiaridClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun SemiaridClimateZone_Class : SubClass SemiaridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  fun SevereThunderstorm : Class ;

+  fun SevereThunderstorm_Class : SubClass SevereThunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

+

+  fun SewageDisposal : Class ;

+  fun SewageDisposal_Class : SubClass SewageDisposal Sanitation ;

+

+  fun ShipPollutionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun Shoal : Class ;

+  fun Shoal_Class : SubClass Shoal MaritimeHazard ;

+

+  -- Shoreline is the class of LandAreas that 

+  -- are the edge of a larger land mass abutting a bordering WaterArea.

+  fun Shoreline : Class ;

+  fun Shoreline_Class : SubClass Shoreline LandArea ;

+

+  -- (ShorelineFn ?LAND ?WATER) denotes 

+  -- the Shoreline where the GeographicArea ?LAND borders the 

+  -- WaterArea ?WATER.

+  fun ShorelineFn : El GeographicArea -> El WaterArea -> Ind LandArea ;

+

+  -- (ShortageFn ?TYPE) means that there 

+  -- is a shortage of objects of ?TYPE, which are used as resources.

+  fun ShortageFn: Desc Object -> Ind Entity ;

+

+  -- Shrub is the class of low, perennial, 

+  -- typically multi_stemmed woody plants, called shrubs or bushes.

+  fun Shrub : Class ;

+  fun Shrub_Class : SubClass Shrub FloweringPlant ;

+

+  -- SigningADocument is the class of 

+  -- actions in which an agent affixes a signature, stamp, or other evidence 

+  -- of authorization or attestation to a document. The document and signature 

+  -- may be electronic. Signings count as SocialInteractions even if done in 

+  -- private, because their significance derives from a social context.

+  fun SigningADocument : Class ;

+  fun SigningADocument_Class : SubClass SigningADocument Committing ;

+

+  -- Silt is sand or earth which is carried along by flowing 

+  -- water and deposited at a bend in a river or at a river's opening.

+  fun Silt : Class ;

+  fun Silt_Class : SubClass Silt Soil ;

+

+  -- Siltation is the class of processes 

+  -- in which WaterAreas become filled in with silt or mud, due to 

+  -- soil Erosion.

+  fun Siltation : Class ;

+  fun Siltation_Class : SubClass Siltation Putting ;

+

+  fun SiltationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun Sirocco : Class ;

+  fun Sirocco_Class : SubClass Sirocco WindProcess ;

+

+  -- SlashAndBurnAgriculture 

+  -- is the subclass of Agriculture processes in which land is 

+  -- cleared by cutting and burning trees, and crops are farmed until 

+  -- the soil is depleted, at which point the plot is abandoned to 

+  -- regrowth. This rotational technique is viable only with low 

+  -- populations and infrequent re_use.

+  fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture : Class ;

+  fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture_Class : SubClass SlashAndBurnAgriculture Agriculture ;

 

--- HighTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

--- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level rises above 

--- the mean sea level.

-fun HighTide : Class ;

-fun HighTide_Class : SubClass HighTide TidalProcess ;

+  fun Sleeting : Class ;

+  fun Sleeting_Class : SubClass Sleeting Precipitation ;

 

--- HigherHighTide is the subclass of 

--- HighTide processes that occur in marine waters with a 

--- MixedTideProcess.

-fun HigherHighTide : Class ;

-fun HigherHighTide_Class : SubClass HigherHighTide HighTide ;

+  -- A SlopedArea is a land surface which lies at 

+  -- an angle to the horizontal so that some points on it are higher than 

+  -- others, a slope.

+  fun SlopedArea : Class ;

+  fun SlopedArea_Class : SubClass SlopedArea LandForm ;

 

--- A Hill is a raised part of the earth's surface with 

--- sloping sides _ an old mountain which because of erosion has become shorter 

--- and more rounded.

-fun Hill : Class ;

-fun Hill_Class : SubClass Hill (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+  -- Snowing is a precipitation process 

+  -- in which water falls in a Solid state.

+  fun Snowing : Class ;

+  fun Snowing_Class : SubClass Snowing Precipitation ;

 

+  fun SocialInteractions : Class ;

 

--- Humus is decaying organic matter found in Soil 

--- and derived from dead animal and plant material.

-fun Humus : Class ;

-fun Humus_Class : SubClass Humus Mixture ;

+  -- Soil is a substance composed of fine rock material 

+  -- disintegrated by geological processes, mixed with humus, the organic remains of decomposed vegetation.

+  fun Soil : Class ;

+  fun Soil_Class : SubClass Soil Mixture ;

 

-fun Hurricane : Class ;

-fun Hurricane_Class : SubClass Hurricane (both TropicalCyclone WeatherProcess) ;

+  -- SoilDegradation is a class of 

+  -- processes in which the productive capacity of soil is lowered by 

+  -- over_fertilization, overuse of pesticides, erosion, or soil 

+  -- compaction.

+  fun SoilDegradation : Class ;

+  fun SoilDegradation_Class : SubClass SoilDegradation SocialInteractions ;

 

-fun HurricaneSeason : Class ;

-fun HurricaneSeason_Class : SubClass HurricaneSeason WeatherSeason ;

--- HydropowerWaterArea 

--- is the class of WaterAreas with waterflow strength adequate 

--- for the production of hydropower.

-fun HydropowerWaterArea : Class ;

-fun HydropowerWaterArea_Class : SubClass HydropowerWaterArea WaterArea ;

+  fun SoilDegradationIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

 

--- An Iceberg is a large chunk of ice that has 

--- broken off from a glacier and fallen into the sea. The larger part of 

--- an Iceberg floats underwater.

-fun Iceberg : Class ;

-fun Iceberg_Class : SubClass Iceberg (both SelfConnectedObject Water) ;

+  -- SoilErosion is the subclass of 

+  -- Erosion in which the matter removed by wind or water is topsoil.

+  fun SoilErosion : Class ;

+  fun SoilErosion_Class : SubClass SoilErosion Erosion ;

 

+  fun SoilErosionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

 

-fun Icing : Class ;

-fun Icing_Class : SubClass Icing (both Freezing WeatherProcess) ;

+  fun SoilExhaustionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

 

-fun IllegalWildlifeTradeIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun SoilPollutionIssue : Ind (both PollutionIssue SoilQualityIssue) ;

 

-fun InadequatePotableWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

+  fun SoilQualityIssue : Class ;

+  fun SoilQualityIssue_Class : SubClass SoilQualityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

 

-fun InadequateSanitationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun SoilSalination : Class ;

+  fun SoilSalination_Class : SubClass SoilSalination Salination ;

 

--- IndianOcean represents the Indian Ocean.

-fun IndianOcean : Ind Ocean ;

+  fun SoilSalinityIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

 

+  -- SoilSolution is the liquid component of soils, 

+  -- which is largely water containing a number of mineral substances in solution, 

+  -- as well as comparatively large amounts of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide.

+  fun SoilSolution : Class ;

+  fun SoilSolution_Class : SubClass SoilSolution Solution ;

 

-fun IndigenousPeoplesPreservationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- Sol is the nearest Star to PlanetEarth and 

+  -- the focus of its SolarSystem.

+  fun Sol : Ind Star ;

 

--- IndustrialPollution is 

--- the subclass of Pollution characterized by pollutants that 

--- originate in industrial processes.

-fun IndustrialPollution : Class ;

-fun IndustrialPollution_Class : SubClass IndustrialPollution Pollution ;

+  -- SolarSystem is the class of systems that 

+  -- consist of a star or stars and any encircling astronomical bodies.

+  fun SolarSystem : Class ;

+  fun SolarSystem_Class : SubClass SolarSystem Collection ;

 

-fun IndustrialPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+  fun SolidWasteDisposal : Class ;

+  fun SolidWasteDisposal_Class : SubClass SolidWasteDisposal Sanitation ;

 

--- An instance of InlandWaterSystem 

--- comprises two or more lakes or rivers, canals, or other waterways that 

--- are interconnected.

-fun InlandWaterSystem : Class ;

-fun InlandWaterSystem_Class : SubClass InlandWaterSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

+  fun SolidWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

 

+  -- A Sound is a long, relatively narrow waterway 

+  -- lying along the shore of a land mass and protected from open water by 

+  -- another land area, an island or group of islands. Some sounds open at 

+  -- both ends into the same body of water (e.g., Long Island Sound), while 

+  -- others connect two different bodies of water (e.g., Melville Sound). 

+  -- A Sound may occur in salt or fresh water bodies. Generally wider than 

+  -- a Strait.

+  fun Sound : Class ;

+  fun Sound_Class : SubClass Sound BodyOfWater ;

 

--- Inlet is the class of bays or other recesses 

--- into the shore of a lake, sea, or river, includes InletPassages, which 

--- are passages leading from open water through some barrier to a bay or 

--- lagoon.

-fun Inlet : Class ;

-fun Inlet_Class : SubClass Inlet BodyOfWater ;

+  fun SouthAmerica : Ind Continent ;

 

--- InletPassage is the class of water 

--- passages connecting an area of open water to a bay or lagoon, through 

--- some land barrier(s) close on either side.

-fun InletPassage : Class ;

-fun InletPassage_Class : SubClass InletPassage Inlet ;

+  -- SouthAtlanticOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

+  -- of the AtlanticOcean.

+  fun SouthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

 

--- (InnerBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

--- inner boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

--- outer orientation with respect to another object.

-fun InnerBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

+  -- SouthPacificOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

+  -- of the PacificOcean.

+  fun SouthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

 

+  fun SouthSandwichTrench : Ind Hole ;

 

--- InternationalAgreement is the 

--- subclass of Agreements which are made by and between Nations.

-fun InternationalAgreement : Class ;

-fun InternationalAgreement_Class : SubClass InternationalAgreement Agreement ;

+  -- Southeast represents the compass direction of Southeast.

+  fun Southeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

 

--- InternationalBorder is the 

--- subclass of GeographicAreas where the areas of two Nations meet.

-fun InternationalBorder : Class ;

-fun InternationalBorder_Class : SubClass InternationalBorder GeographicArea ;

+  fun SoutheasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun InvasiveSpeciesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  fun SoutheasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- IrrigatedLand is the subclass of 

--- LandArea representing land whose water supply is artificially 

--- supplied or supplemented.

-fun IrrigatedLand : Class ;

-fun IrrigatedLand_Class : SubClass IrrigatedLand LandArea ;

+  fun SouthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- Irrigating is the process of transporting 

--- and applying water to crops by artificial means.

-fun Irrigating : Class ;

-fun Irrigating_Class : SubClass Irrigating Motion ;

-

--- IrrigationChannel is the class of 

--- artificially created channels used for transporting water to agricultural 

--- fields for Irrigating crops.

-fun IrrigationChannel : Class ;

-fun IrrigationChannel_Class : SubClass IrrigationChannel Artifact ;

+  fun SouthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- An Isthmus is a narrow strip of land that 

--- connects two larger land masses and is bordered on two sides by water.

-fun Isthmus : Class ;

-fun Isthmus_Class : SubClass Isthmus LandArea ;

+  fun SouthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- JetStream is the class of high_velocity 

--- AirStreams that blow constantly in the upper atmosphere with constant 

--- speed and direction, though their location shifts somewhat. There are 

--- four JetStreams in EarthsAtmosphere.

-fun JetStream : Class ;

-fun JetStream_Class : SubClass JetStream AirStream ;

+  -- The half of the Earth that lies below the 

+  -- equator.

+  fun SouthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

 

--- Jungle is a subclass of fertile LandAreas 

--- that are overgrown with tropical vegetation.

-fun Jungle : Class ;

-fun Jungle_Class : SubClass Jungle (both Biome LandArea) ;

+  -- SouthernOcean represents the Southern Ocean.

+  fun SouthernOcean : Ind (both Ocean PolarClimateZone) ;

 

+  fun SouthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun Khamsin : Class ;

-fun Khamsin_Class : SubClass Khamsin Windstorm ;

--- KnotUnitOfSpeed is a unit for measuring 

--- speed. One KnotUnitOfSpeed is equal to one NauticalMile per one 

--- HourDuration.

-fun KnotUnitOfSpeed : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

+  -- Southwest represents the compass direction of Southwest.

+  fun Southwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

 

+  fun SouthwesternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

-fun KokoNor : Ind SaltLake ;

-

--- Lake is the subclass of BodyOfWater whose 

--- instances are naturally occurring static bodies of water surrounded 

--- by land.

-fun Lake : Class ;

-fun Lake_Class : SubClass Lake StaticWaterArea ;

-

-fun LakeBakhtegan : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-fun LakeEyre : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-fun LakeMareotis : Ind SaltLake ;

-

--- A LakeRegion is a GeographicArea 

--- including land surrounding one or more Lakes.

-fun LakeRegion : Class ;

-fun LakeRegion_Class : SubClass LakeRegion GeographicArea ;

-

-fun LakeTorrens : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-fun LakeWalker : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-fun LandClearingIssue : Ind BiodiversityIssue ;

-

--- A LandForm is the class of geographically and/or geologically 

--- distinct areas that occur on Earth's surface, including mountains, hills, plains, valleys, 

--- deltas, and features of submerged land areas such as the ocean floor.

-fun LandForm : Class ;

-fun LandForm_Class : SubClass LandForm GeographicArea ;

-

-fun LandSubsidence : Class ;

-fun LandSubsidence_Class : SubClass LandSubsidence GeologicalProcess ;

--- LandlockedArea is the class of 

--- LandAreas that lack access to an Ocean or to a Waterway 

--- providing a link to the ocean.

-fun LandlockedArea : Class ;

-fun LandlockedArea_Class : SubClass LandlockedArea LandArea ;

-

--- LandlockedWater includes water 

--- areas that are surrounded by land, including salt lakes, fresh 

--- water lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and (more or less) wetlands.

-fun LandlockedWater : Class ;

-fun LandlockedWater_Class : SubClass LandlockedWater BodyOfWater ;

-

-fun LandminesIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun Landslide : Class ;

-fun Landslide_Class : SubClass Landslide GeologicalProcess ;

--- LandslideProcess is a subclass 

--- of Motion that represents events in which a loosened mass of mud, 

--- dirt, or rock slides down a slope, by the force of gravity.

-fun LandslideProcess : Class ;

-fun LandslideProcess_Class : SubClass LandslideProcess Impelling ;

-

--- Latitude is the class of Regions, 

--- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are parallels 

--- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the Equator.

-fun Latitude : Class ;

-fun Latitude_Class : SubClass Latitude Region ;

-

--- LatitudeFn is a VariableArityRelation 

--- used to denote a parallel of latitude. Examples: 

--- (LatitudeFn North (MeasureFn 38 AngularDegree)), (LatitudeFn 

--- South (MeasureFn 23 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 30 ArcMinute)), 

--- (LatitudeFn South (MeasureFn 60 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) 

--- (MeasureFn 0 ArcSecond)), (LatitudeFn North 

--- (MeasureFn 42 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 7.89 ArcMinute)).

-fun LatitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind Region ;

-

-

-fun LawOfTheSeaConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- Lichen is the class of complex thallyphytic 

--- plants made up of Alga and Fungus growing symbiotically.

-fun Lichen : Class ;

-fun Lichen_Class : SubClass Lichen NonFloweringPlant ;

-

-fun LimitedFreshWaterIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

--- LittoralCurrent is the subclass of 

--- WaterCurrents that occur near a ShoreArea. Examples include 

--- TidalEbb, TidalFlow, and RipCurrents.

-fun LittoralCurrent : Class ;

-fun LittoralCurrent_Class : SubClass LittoralCurrent WaterCurrent ;

-

--- A LittoralZone is an area along the shore 

--- of a large body of water, especially an Ocean or Sea, including the area 

--- extending from the high tide mark out to a depth of 200 meters. The littoral 

--- zone is of interest for its land features, e.g., slope gradient and soil 

--- composition, including features of its SubmergedLandArea.

-fun LittoralZone : Class ;

-fun LittoralZone_Class : SubClass LittoralZone GeographicArea ;

-

--- Type of soil intermediate in texture between clay and sand, 

--- consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, gravel, silt, and organic matter.

-fun Loam : Class ;

-fun Loam_Class : SubClass Loam Soil ;

-

-fun Locust : Class ;

-fun Locust_Class : SubClass Locust Animal ;

--- Longitude is the class of Regions, 

--- associated with areas on the Earth's surface, which are meridians 

--- measured in PlaneAngleDegrees from the PrimeMeridian through 

--- GreenwichEnglandUK.

-fun Longitude : Class ;

-fun Longitude_Class : SubClass Longitude Region ;

-

--- (LongitudeFn ?DIRECTION @ROW) 

--- denotes a meridian of longitude. Note that LongitudeFn is 

--- a VariableArityRelation. Examples: 

--- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 180 AngularDegree)), (LongitudeFn 

--- West (MeasureFn 122 AngularDegree) (MeasureFn 24 ArcMinute)), 

--- (LongitudeFn East (MeasureFn 121 AngularDegree) 

--- (MeasureFn 0 ArcMinute) (MeasureFn 15 ArcSecond)), 

--- (LongitudeFn West (MeasureFn 80 AngularDegree) 

--- (MeasureFn 6.78 ArcMinute)).

-fun LongitudeFn : El DirectionalAttribute -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> El AngleMeasure -> Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-

-fun LossOfHabitatIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun LowBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

-

--- LowPressureWeatherSystem is 

--- the class of weather systems characterized by low or unstable 

--- barometricPressures. Low pressure systems typically introduce 

--- unsettled weather, frequently including storms.

-fun LowPressureWeatherSystem : Class ;

-fun LowPressureWeatherSystem_Class : SubClass LowPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem ;

-

--- LowTerrain is terrain in which the slope 

--- is less than 3%.

-fun LowTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-

--- LowTide is the class of TidalProcesses that 

--- occur twice a day in marine waters, in which the water level falls below 

--- the mean sea level.

-fun LowTide : Class ;

-fun LowTide_Class : SubClass LowTide TidalProcess ;

-

--- LowerLowTide is the subclass of LowTide 

--- processes that occur in marine waters with a MixedTideProcess.

-fun LowerLowTide : Class ;

-fun LowerLowTide_Class : SubClass LowerLowTide LowTide ;

-

--- A LowlandArea is a land area lower than the surrounding region, 

--- and usually level land.

-fun LowlandArea : Class ;

-fun LowlandArea_Class : SubClass LowlandArea LandForm ;

-

-fun MarineDumpingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun MarineLifeConservationConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- A MaritimeClaimArea is a GeographicArea 

--- delimited by a geopolitical state's claim, under the LawOfTheSea, of rights 

--- to certain resources, activities, or jurisdiction in the claimed area. 

--- MaritimeClaimAreas can pertain to WaterAreas, SubmergedLandAreas, and Airspace.

-fun MaritimeClaimArea : Class ;

-fun MaritimeClaimArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeClaimArea GeographicArea ;

-

--- (MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

--- peripheral zones of maritime control extending outward from the Region 

--- ?REGION.

-fun MaritimeClaimsTerritorialSeaFn : El Region -> Ind PerimeterArea ;

-

-

--- MaritimeContiguousZone 

--- is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that includes areas over 

--- which a geopolitical state may exercise some control of activities 

--- beyond the 12_mile zone of its TerritorialSea. In general, 

--- the authorized control is for preventing or punishing activities 

--- that would violate laws applying within the 12_mile zone (that is, 

--- authorization to chase and intercept). According to the LawOfTheSea, 

--- a MaritimeContiguousZone may extend up to 24 nautical miles from the coast.

-fun MaritimeContiguousZone : Class ;

-fun MaritimeContiguousZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeContiguousZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

--- (MaritimeContiguousZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeContiguousZone 

--- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-fun MaritimeContiguousZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeContiguousZone ;

-

-

--- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone is the subclass of MaritimeClaimArea 

--- that represents the offshore area that coastal nations can claim for 

--- fishing and other uses of the ocean water and seabed found there.

-fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone : Class ;

-fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone_Class : SubClass MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

--- (MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn ?POLITY) denotes the 

--- MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone that is claimed by the 

--- GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-fun MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZoneFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeExclusiveEconomicZone ;

-

-

-fun MaritimeHazard : Class ;

-fun MaritimeHazard_Class : SubClass MaritimeHazard LandForm ;

--- MaritimeShelfArea 

--- is a subclass of MaritimeClaimArea that covers SubmergedLandAreas 

--- claimed by an adjacent geopolitical area. The LawOfTheSea defines 

--- the continental shelf as extending up to 200 miles (NM) offshore and 

--- including the resources found therein. The defined claim area does not 

--- correspond exactly to a geological ContinentalShelf, but if there is one, 

--- the two areas will overlap spatially.

-fun MaritimeShelfArea : Class ;

-fun MaritimeShelfArea_Class : SubClass MaritimeShelfArea (both MaritimeClaimArea SubmergedLandArea) ;

-

-

--- (MaritimeShelfAreaFn ?POLITY) denotes the MaritimeShelfArea 

--- that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-fun MaritimeShelfAreaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind MaritimeShelfArea ;

-

-

--- MediterraneanClimateZone 

--- is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by 

--- mild, cool, wet winters and warm dry summers. Mediterranean shores 

--- are the archetype, but the Mediterranean climate is also found elsewhere.

-fun MediterraneanClimateZone : Class ;

-fun MediterraneanClimateZone_Class : SubClass MediterraneanClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

-fun MediterraneanSea : Ind Sea ;

-

-fun MediumBiodiversity : Ind BiodiversityAttribute ;

-

--- A Mesa is a land formation having a relatively flat 

--- top and steep rock walls.

-fun Mesa : Class ;

-fun Mesa_Class : SubClass Mesa (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-

--- MetallurgicalPlant is the 

--- subclass of Organization that includes metal refining and 

--- manufacturing plants. Such plants typically release extremely 

--- toxic waste which can pollute air and groundwater if not 

--- properly treated.

-fun MetallurgicalPlant : Class ;

-fun MetallurgicalPlant_Class : SubClass MetallurgicalPlant Organization ;

-

-fun MiddleAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- MiddleEastRegion is a 

--- GeopoliticalArea that comprises countries of Southwestern Asia 

--- and (in some definitions) Northwestern Africa. Here this term is 

--- defined as in the CIA World Fact Book, in which the Middle East 

--- includes: Bahrain, Cyprus, the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Israel, 

--- Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United 

--- Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.

-fun MiddleEastRegion : Ind (both GeographicArea GeopoliticalArea) ;

-

+  fun SouthwesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

 

--- MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone is the subclass of 

--- DesertClimateZone characterized by a cool dry climate 

--- typical of middle latitude deserts. This is subtype 'BWk' 

--- in the Keoppen climate system.

-fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone : Class ;

-fun MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass MiddleLatitudeDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

+  -- SparseVegetation describes the 

+  -- pattern of vegetation in an area where there is very little vegetation.

+  fun SparseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

 

--- MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone is a subclass of 

--- TemperateClimateZone that is characterized by cool winters 

--- and hot summers.

-fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone : Class ;

-fun MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone_Class : SubClass MidlatitudeContinentalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+  fun Squall : Class ;

+  fun Squall_Class : SubClass Squall WeatherProcess ;

 

-fun MiningPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+  -- SquareKilometer represents a 

+  -- UnitOfMeasure equal to one square kilometer.

+  fun SquareKilometer : Ind UnitOfArea ;

 

-fun Mistral : Class ;

-fun Mistral_Class : SubClass Mistral WindProcess ;

--- MixedTideProcess is the subclass of 

--- TidalProcesses consisting of daily cycles in which the two low and 

--- two high tides are of unequal height. In areas with this kind of 

--- pattern, the chart (based on average low water) is determined by the 

--- Mean Lower Low Water.

-fun MixedTideProcess : Class ;

-fun MixedTideProcess_Class : SubClass MixedTideProcess TidalProcess ;

+  -- SquareMeter represents a UnitOfMeasure 

+  -- equal to one square Meter.

+  fun SquareMeter : Ind UnitOfArea ;

 

-fun Monsoon : Class ;

-fun Monsoon_Class : SubClass Monsoon WeatherSeason ;

--- MonsoonClimateZone is the class 

--- of TropicalClimateZones in which there is a short dry season between 

--- rains heavy enough to keep the ground wet all through the year. This 

--- is Koeppen climate system subtype 'Aw'.

-fun MonsoonClimateZone : Class ;

-fun MonsoonClimateZone_Class : SubClass MonsoonClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

+  -- (SquareUnitFn ?UNIT) denotes the 

+  -- UnitOfMeasure that is the square of the UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT. 

+  -- For example, (SquareUnitFn (KiloFn Meter)) denotes the unit 

+  -- of a square kilometer.

+  fun SquareUnitFn : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;

 

--- Moon is the class of NaturalSatellites that 

--- orbit planets or large asteroids.

-fun Moon : Class ;

-fun Moon_Class : SubClass Moon NaturalSatellite ;

+  -- Star is the class of hot gaseous astronomical bodies.

+  fun Star : Class ;

+  fun Star_Class : SubClass Star AstronomicalBody ;

 

--- A Mountain is a high, rocky LandForm, usually 

--- with steep sides and a pointed or rounded top, and higher than a Hill.

-fun Mountain : Class ;

-fun Mountain_Class : SubClass Mountain (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

+  -- StationaryFront is the class of 

+  -- boundary areas between two air masses that are stationary, with neither 

+  -- mass presently replacing the other.

+  fun StationaryFront : Class ;

+  fun StationaryFront_Class : SubClass StationaryFront WeatherFront ;

+

+  -- A TerrainAttribute of a region in 

+  -- which there is a wide variation in elevation and slopeGradients 

+  -- of more than 10%.

+  fun SteepTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

+

+  -- Steppe is a subclass of Plain, representing 

+  -- vast, level, treeless areas of land in Asia or SE Europe.

+  fun Steppe : Class ;

+  fun Steppe_Class : SubClass Steppe Plain ;

+

+  -- SteppeClimateZone 

+  -- is the class of AridClimateZones where the dominant 

+  -- vegetation type is grasses, with no trees. Koeppen 

+  -- system 'BS'.

+  fun SteppeClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun SteppeClimateZone_Class : SubClass SteppeClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

+

+  -- A Stone is any small fragment of rock or mineral matter.

+  fun Stone : Class ;

+  fun Stone_Class : SubClass Stone Rock ;

+

+  fun StormSystem : Class ;

+  fun StormSystem_Class : SubClass StormSystem WeatherSystem ;

+

+  -- Strait is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

+  -- consists of narrow water areas connecting two larger bodies of water. 

+  -- Straits are naturally occurring bodies of water.

+  fun Strait : Class ;

+  fun Strait_Class : SubClass Strait BodyOfWater ;

+

+  fun StraitOfHormuz : Ind (both Strait SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  -- A StreamWaterConfluence is the 

+  -- place where a stream or other tributary joins a river.

+  fun StreamWaterConfluence : Class ;

+  fun StreamWaterConfluence_Class : SubClass StreamWaterConfluence WaterArea ;

+

+  fun StrikeSlipFault : Class ;

+  fun StrikeSlipFault_Class : SubClass StrikeSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

+

+  fun StrongWind : Class ;

+  fun StrongWind_Class : SubClass StrongWind WindProcess ;

+

+  -- SubmergedLandArea is the class of land 

+  -- regions that are located beneath bodies of water.

+  fun SubmergedLandArea : Class ;

+  fun SubmergedLandArea_Class : SubClass SubmergedLandArea GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- SubtropicalDesertClimateZone is a subclass of DesertClimateZone 

+  -- that is characterized by an average temperature greater than 18 

+  -- degrees Celsius, as well as very low rainfall. This is Koeppen 

+  -- system 'BWh'.

+  fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass SubtropicalDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

+

+  -- SurfaceGroundArea is a subclass of 

+  -- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is solid 

+  -- ground. A SurfaceGroundArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping 

+  -- a larger, continuous GeographicArea but excluding any WaterAreas 

+  -- enclosed therein. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other surface water areas 

+  -- are not part of any SurfaceGroundArea.

+  fun SurfaceGroundArea : Class ;

+  fun SurfaceGroundArea_Class : SubClass SurfaceGroundArea GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun Swarming : Class ;

+  fun Swarming_Class : SubClass Swarming Motion ;

+

+  -- Tailwind is the relative attribute of a 

+  -- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the back 

+  -- of the object (BackFn). A tailwind can positively affect the speed 

+  -- capability of a vehicle.

+  fun Tailwind : Ind Attribute ;

+

+  -- Talc is a very soft Mineral that is 

+  -- a basic silicate of magnesium.

+  fun Talc : Class ;

+  fun Talc_Class : SubClass Talc Mineral ;

+

+  -- TemperateClimateZone is the 

+  -- subclass of ClimateZone whose warmest month has an average 

+  -- temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius and whose coolest month 

+  -- has an average temperature between 18 degrees and _3 degrees Celsius. 

+  -- This is Class C in the Koeppen climate system.

+  fun TemperateClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun TemperateClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  fun TemperateHardwoodForest : Class ;

+  fun TemperateHardwoodForest_Class : SubClass TemperateHardwoodForest (both Biome Forest) ;

+

+  fun TemperateRainForest : Class ;

+  fun TemperateRainForest_Class : SubClass TemperateRainForest (both RainForest TemperateHardwoodForest) ;

+

+  -- TemperateSummerDryClimateZone is the subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

+  -- that is characterized by dry summers, and in which the wettest winter month 

+  -- has at least three times the moisture of the driest summer month. The 

+  -- driest month has less than an average of 30 mm of precipitation. Koeppen 

+  -- climate system type 'Cs'.

+  fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateSummerDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

+

+  -- TemperateWinterDryClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

+  -- characterized by having at least 10 times as much precipitation in the 

+  -- wettest summer month as in the driest winter month. Koeppen climate 

+  -- system type 'Cw'.

+  fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateWinterDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

+

+  -- TerrainAttribute is a class of 

+  -- Attributes that describe terrain.

+  fun TerrainAttribute : Class ;

+  fun TerrainAttribute_Class : SubClass TerrainAttribute InternalAttribute ;

+

+  -- TerritorialSea is the class 

+  -- of contiguous waters over which a GeopoliticalArea claims 

+  -- jurisdiction in accordance with the United Nations Convention 

+  -- on the LawOfTheSea (LOS), Part II. A territorial sea may be

+  -- up to 12 miles (NauticalMiles) in breadth. A subclass of 

+  -- MaritimeClaimArea.

+  fun TerritorialSea : Class ;

+  fun TerritorialSea_Class : SubClass TerritorialSea (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  -- (TerritorialSeaFn ?POLITY) denotes 

+  -- the TerritorialSea that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

+  fun TerritorialSeaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind TerritorialSea ;

+

+  fun ThrustFault : Class ;

+  fun ThrustFault_Class : SubClass ThrustFault DipSlipFault ;

+

+  fun Thunderstorm : Class ;

+  fun Thunderstorm_Class : SubClass Thunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- A TidalBore is an unusally high, fast tidal 

+  -- inflow from the sea, resulting from a high volume of water rushing from 

+  -- a wide_mouthed bay or Estuary into narrower landward areas.

+  fun TidalBore : Class ;

+  fun TidalBore_Class : SubClass TidalBore LittoralCurrent ;

+

+  -- TidalEbb is the subclass of WaterCurrents that are temporary and variable,

+  -- but regular, currents of ocean water flowing seaward up to and during 

+  -- the time of low tide. Alternating with TidalFlow.

+  fun TidalEbb : Class ;

+  fun TidalEbb_Class : SubClass TidalEbb LittoralCurrent ;

+

+  -- TidalFlow is the subclass of WaterCurrents 

+  -- that are temporary and variable, but regular, currents of ocean water 

+  -- flowing landward up to and during the time of high tide. Alternating 

+  -- with TidalEbb.

+  fun TidalFlow : Class ;

+  fun TidalFlow_Class : SubClass TidalFlow LittoralCurrent ;

+

+  -- TidalProcess is the class of daily 

+  -- recurring events in which the water level in a BodyOfWater rises 

+  -- and falls with the changing position between Earth and the Moon.

+  fun TidalProcess : Class ;

+  fun TidalProcess_Class : SubClass TidalProcess InternalChange ;

+

+  -- A Tide is a vertical movement of the water level 

+  -- in a BodyOfWater due to the gravitational attraction between Earth and 

+  -- the moon. Tides are diurnally recurrent events. In most regions with 

+  -- tides, every day there are two high tides and two low tides. MixedTide 

+  -- represents a process in which the tides at either extreme are unequal.

+  fun Tide : Class ;

+  fun Tide_Class : SubClass Tide (both FlowRegion SaltWaterArea) ;

+

+  fun Tornado : Class ;

+  fun Tornado_Class : SubClass Tornado WeatherProcess ;

+

+  fun ToxicChemicalPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  fun ToxicWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  -- TreatyDocument is the subclass of 

+  -- Texts that represent written agreements between Nations.

+  fun TreatyDocument : Class ;

+  fun TreatyDocument_Class : SubClass TreatyDocument Text ;

+

+  -- TropicalClimateZone is a 

+  -- subclass of ClimateZone in which the average temperature of the 

+  -- coldest month is greater than 18 degrees Celsius. This is Class 

+  -- 'A' in the Koeppen climate classification system.

+  fun TropicalClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun TropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass TropicalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

+

+  -- TropicalCyclone is the class of 

+  -- CyclonicStorms that occur in the Tropics and typically have 

+  -- rotational winds of hurricane force (74 mph or higher).

+  fun TropicalCyclone : Class ;

+  fun TropicalCyclone_Class : SubClass TropicalCyclone CyclonicStorm ;

+

+  fun TropicalRainForest : Class ;

+  fun TropicalRainForest_Class : SubClass TropicalRainForest RainForest ;

+

+  fun TropicalTimber83Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun TropicalTimber94Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  -- The Tropics is the region of 

+  -- PlanetEarth that lies between approximately 23 and one half degrees 

+  -- North latitude and 23 and one half degrees South latitude, 

+  -- encircling the globe. 'The Tropics'. See also TropicArea.

+  fun Tropics : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- Tsunami is the class of highly destructive 

+  -- ocean waves caused by offshore seismic processes.

+  fun Tsunami : Class ;

+  fun Tsunami_Class : SubClass Tsunami WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- Tundra is a subclass of flat, treeless Plains 

+  -- areas lying within the ArcticRegion. Subsoil in Tundra is permanently 

+  -- frozen.

+  fun Tundra : Class ;

+  fun Tundra_Class : SubClass Tundra (both ArcticRegion (both Biome Plain)) ;

+

+  -- TundraClimateZone is a subclass of 

+  -- PolarClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature 

+  -- above zero degrees Celsius (but below 10 degrees) in the warmest month. 

+  -- Koeppen subtype 'ET'.

+  fun TundraClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun TundraClimateZone_Class : SubClass TundraClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

+

+  fun Typhoon : Class ;

+  fun Typhoon_Class : SubClass Typhoon TropicalCyclone ;

+

+  fun UVLevelsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- The class of regions located Below the surface of the earth.

+  fun UndergroundArea : Class ;

+  fun UndergroundArea_Class : SubClass UndergroundArea GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun UnexplodedOrdinanceIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- A UniformPerimeterArea is one 

+  -- that has a defined uniform width.

+  fun UniformPerimeterArea : Class ;

+  fun UniformPerimeterArea_Class : SubClass UniformPerimeterArea PerimeterArea ;

+

+  -- Uphill is a PositionalAttribute that 

+  -- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

+  -- up a slope from the other.

+  fun Uphill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  -- An UplandArea is a LandArea elevated above the surrounding 

+  -- terrain.

+  fun UplandArea : Class ;

+  fun UplandArea_Class : SubClass UplandArea LandForm ;

+

+  fun Upstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  -- Upwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

+  -- upwind (windward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

+  -- blowing.

+  fun Upwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

+

+  fun UrbanizationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- A Valley is an area of low_lying land flanked by 

+  -- higher ground. Valleys typically contain a stream or river flowing along the valley floor.

+  fun Valley : Class ;

+  fun Valley_Class : SubClass Valley (both LandForm LowlandArea) ;

+

+  fun VehicleEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

+

+  -- VehicularPollution is the 

+  -- subclass of Pollution in which the pollutants are vehicle emissions.

+  fun VehicularPollution : Class ;

+  fun VehicularPollution_Class : SubClass VehicularPollution Pollution ;

+

+  -- Veldt is a subclass of Grasslands which have 

+  -- scattered shrubs or trees.

+  fun Veldt : Class ;

+  fun Veldt_Class : SubClass Veldt (both Grassland Plain) ;

+

+  -- A VolcanicCone is a hill of lava or 

+  -- pyroclastics surrounding a volcanic vent. Not as high as a 

+  -- VolcanicMountain.

+  fun VolcanicCone : Class ;

+  fun VolcanicCone_Class : SubClass VolcanicCone (both Hill Volcano) ;

+

+  -- VolcanicEruption is the subclass of 

+  -- GeologicalProcesses in which Volcanoes erupt.

+  fun VolcanicEruption : Class ;

+  fun VolcanicEruption_Class : SubClass VolcanicEruption GeologicalProcess ;

+

+  fun VolcanicGasRelease : Class ;

+  fun VolcanicGasRelease_Class : SubClass VolcanicGasRelease VolcanicEruption ;

+

+  -- A VolcanicMountain is a cone_shaped 

+  -- mountain formed out of rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth, 

+  -- frequently with an opening or depression at the top.

+  fun VolcanicMountain : Class ;

+  fun VolcanicMountain_Class : SubClass VolcanicMountain (both Mountain Volcano) ;

+

+  fun VolcanicallyActive : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

+

+  fun VolcanicallyDormant : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

+

+  fun VolcanicallyExtinct : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

+

+  -- A Volcano in the broadest sense, i.e., a region 

+  -- containing a vent through which magmous and/or pyroclastic materials are 

+  -- passed from the interior of the Earth to its surface (atmospheric or 

+  -- underwater).

+  fun Volcano : Class ;

+  fun Volcano_Class : SubClass Volcano LandForm ;

+

+  fun VolcanoStatus : Class ;

+  fun VolcanoStatus_Class : SubClass VolcanoStatus InternalAttribute ;

+

+  -- WarmFront is the class of transitional 

+  -- weather processes occurring between a warm air mass that is advancing 

+  -- upon a cool air mass.

+  fun WarmFront : Class ;

+  fun WarmFront_Class : SubClass WarmFront WeatherFront ;

+

+  fun WaterBorneDiseaseIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- WaterCatchment is the subclass of 

+  -- Artifacts used to capture rainwater or runoff as a source 

+  -- of Freshwater.

+  fun WaterCatchment : Class ;

+  fun WaterCatchment_Class : SubClass WaterCatchment Artifact ;

 

+  -- WaterCurrent is a subclass of FlowRegions 

+  -- consisting of moving water, especially those currents found within a 

+  -- well_identified area and having an established pattern of movement, such 

+  -- as an OceanCurrent, a RipTide, or a River. WaterCurrent is 

+  -- disjoint with StaticWaterArea. As a consequence, Lakes for example 

+  -- cannot be FlowRegions, however, currents may be present in a lake.

+  fun WaterCurrent : Class ;

+  fun WaterCurrent_Class : SubClass WaterCurrent (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;

+

+  fun WaterInfrastructureIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun WaterManagementIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- WaterOnlyArea is a subclass of 

+  -- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is water. 

+  -- A WaterOnlyArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping a larger, 

+  -- continuous GeographicArea but excluding any LandAreas enclosed therein. 

+  -- Dry land areas, including islands, are not part of any WaterOnlyArea.

+  fun WaterOnlyArea : Class ;

+  fun WaterOnlyArea_Class : SubClass WaterOnlyArea GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun WaterOverutilization : Class ;

+  fun WaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass WaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

+

+  -- WaterPollution is the subclass 

+  -- of Pollution processes in which Water is the polluted substance.

+  fun WaterPollution : Class ;

+  fun WaterPollution_Class : SubClass WaterPollution Pollution ;

+

+  fun WaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

+

+  -- Waterfall is the subclass of StreamWaterAreas where running water 

+  -- falls steeply downhill.

+  fun Waterfall : Class ;

+  fun Waterfall_Class : SubClass Waterfall StreamWaterArea ;

+

+  -- A WatershedDivide is a summit area, or 

+  -- narrow tract of higher ground that constitutes the watershed boundary 

+  -- between two adjacent drainage basins, it divides the surface waters that 

+  -- flow naturally in one direction from those that flow in the opposite 

+  -- direction.

+  fun WatershedDivide : Class ;

+  fun WatershedDivide_Class : SubClass WatershedDivide (both LandArea UplandArea) ;

+

+  fun Waterspout : Class ;

+  fun Waterspout_Class : SubClass Waterspout WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- WeatherFront is the class of weather 

+  -- processes that are involve relationships between two air masses, such 

+  -- as a high pressure weather system or a low pressure system.

+  fun WeatherFront : Class ;

+  fun WeatherFront_Class : SubClass WeatherFront WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- WeatherSeason is the class of seasonal 

+  -- processes that are characterized by various weather patterns. 

+  -- WeatherSeasons may recur on a regular annual basis, on a different 

+  -- pattern, or irregularly.

+  fun WeatherSeason : Class ;

+  fun WeatherSeason_Class : SubClass WeatherSeason WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- WeatherSystem is the class of 

+  -- large_scale atmospheric processes that influence weather in a region 

+  -- for 2_5 days.

+  fun WeatherSystem : Class ;

+  fun WeatherSystem_Class : SubClass WeatherSystem WeatherProcess ;

+

+  fun WesternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  fun WesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- The half of the Earth that includes North 

+  -- and South America.

+  fun WesternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

+

+  fun WesternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

+

+  -- WetTropicalClimateZone is 

+  -- the subclass of TropicalClimateZone that is characterized by having 

+  -- no dry months. At least 60 mm of rainfall occur in the driest month. 

+  -- This is subtype 'Af' in the Koeppen climate system.

+  fun WetTropicalClimateZone : Class ;

+  fun WetTropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass WetTropicalClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

+

+  fun WetlandDegradationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  fun WetlandsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun WhalingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

+

+  fun WildlifePoachingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

+

+  -- WindFlow is the class of variable AirStreams 

+  -- that are in the EarthsAtmosphere.

+  fun WindFlow : Class ;

+  fun WindFlow_Class : SubClass WindFlow AirStream ;

+

+  fun WindProcess : Class ;

+  fun WindProcess_Class : SubClass WindProcess WeatherProcess ;

+

+  fun Windstorm : Class ;

+  fun Windstorm_Class : SubClass Windstorm WindProcess ;

+

+  -- The WorldOcean is the collective mass of 

+  -- sea water that covers 70% of the surface of PlanetEarth, surrounding 

+  -- all of its dry land areas. Earth's individual Oceans are parts of 

+  -- the WorldOcean.

+  fun WorldOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

+

+  fun Zud : Class ;

+  fun Zud_Class : SubClass Zud WeatherProcess ;

+

+  -- (airTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the temperature of the 

+  -- air at ?AREA is ?TEMP. Temperature may be expressed in units of 

+  -- TemperatureMeasure, including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, 

+  -- among others.

+  fun airTemperature : El Object -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (arableLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

+  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under 

+  -- cultivation with crops that are replanted after each harvest. ?AMOUNT 

+  -- may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

+  -- Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

+  fun arableLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (averagePrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means 

+  -- that at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

+  -- ?PERIOD, the average daily precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

+  fun averagePrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (averageRainfallForPeriod ?AREA ?MO ?AMOUNT)

+  -- means that ?AREA receives ?AMOUNT of rain in month ?MO in an average

+  -- year. Note that ?AMOUNT is a linear measure indicating the depth of water that

+  -- would accumulate over ?AREA if all water were captured.

+  fun averageRainfallForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El Month -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (averageTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

+  -- ?PERIOD, the average daily temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature 

+  -- may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, including 

+  -- CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

+  fun averageTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (bioindicatorForHabitat ?AREA ?SPECIES) means that the health 

+  -- of the individuals in ?SPECIES indicates the condition of their 

+  -- habitat in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

+  fun bioindicatorForHabitat: El GeographicArea -> Desc OrganicObject -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (claimedTerritory ?AREA ?POLITY) 

+  -- means that some right over the GeographicArea ?AREA is claimed by 

+  -- the Agent or GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY. If two politically independent 

+  -- states or agents claim the same area, that area is a 'disputed 

+  -- territory'.

+  fun claimedTerritory : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (climateTypeInArea ?TYPE ?REGION) 

+  -- means that all or part of the GeographicArea ?REGION is of the 

+  -- ClimateZone ?TYPE.

+  fun climateTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc ClimateZone -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

+  -- means that in the Region ?AREA, the fraction ?AMOUNT of the sky is 

+  -- covered with clouds.

+  fun cloudCoverFraction : El Region -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (coldSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cold season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

+  fun coldSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (connectedDownstream ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 

+  -- means that ?OBJ1 is connected, remotely or immediately, with ?OBJ2 along 

+  -- a directed system such as a RiverSystem.

+  fun connectedDownstream : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (coolSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cool season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (coolSeasonInArea 

+  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October

+  fun coolSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (courseWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

+  -- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

+  -- the reference point of 000 degrees North as measured by compass on 

+  -- or at ?OBJ1.

+  fun courseWRTCompassNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (courseWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

+  -- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

+  -- the reference point of 000 degrees being the magnetic North pole.

+  fun courseWRTMagneticNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (courseWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

+  -- heading or track from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING, in AngularDegrees, 

+  -- with the reference point of 000 degrees being true North.

+  fun courseWRTTrueNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (dateOpenedForSignature ?PROP ?DATE) means that as of a date 

+  -- indicated by ?DATE, document(s) may officially be signed (by the 

+  -- appropriate agents) to effect commitments to the Agreement ?PROP.

+  fun dateOpenedForSignature: El Proposition -> Desc TimePosition -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (daylightHoursInterval ?PLACE ?DAY ?INTERVAL) means that in the 

+  -- Region ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

+  fun daylightHoursInterval: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (daylightHoursTotal ?PLACE ?DAY ?TIME) means that in the Region 

+  -- ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight for a 

+  -- total TimeDuration ?LENGTH.

+  fun daylightHoursTotal: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (dependentGeopoliticalArea 

+  -- ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is a geopolitical possession of the 

+  -- GeopoliticalArea ?AREA2 and is not a geopoliticalSubdivision of 

+  -- ?AREA2. For example, (dependentGeopoliticalArea Guam UnitedStates), 

+  -- because Guam is a territory of the UnitedStates, not one of the fifty 

+  -- U.S. states. Contrast primaryGeopoliticalSubdivision.

+  fun dependentGeopoliticalArea : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (drySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the dry season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (drySeasonInArea 

+  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October)).

+  fun drySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- The altitude of an object

+  -- above the sea level of PlanetEarth

+  fun earthAltitude : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (elevation ?OBJECT ?HEIGHT) means that the 

+  -- physical Object ?OBJECT is located on the surface of PlanetEarth 

+  -- at the vertical distance ?HEIGHT above (or below, for a negative 

+  -- quantity) SeaLevel. ?OBJECT may be a superficialPart of Earth's 

+  -- surface, such as a GeographicArea. Elevation is measured from 

+  -- SeaLevel to the vertical top of the object.

+  fun elevation : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (environmentalProblemTypeInArea ?AREA ?PROBLEM) means that 

+  -- objects or processes of type ?PROBLEM is an environmental 

+  -- problem in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

+  fun environmentalProblemTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

+

+  -- The relation between WaterMotion Processes

+  -- and the region in which they occur continuously over at least hours, but

+  -- typically months or years. A water balloon bursting and flowing downhill

+  -- would not use this relation, because there would be no StreamWaterArea

+  -- to relate to.

+  fun flowCurrent : El WaterMotion -> El WaterArea -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (groundSubsurfaceType ?area ?subsoil) 

+  -- means that the predominant Substance in the subsoil or subsurface layer of 

+  -- the LandArea ?area is of type ?subsoil.

+  fun groundSubsurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (%&groundSurfaceType ?area ?substance) means 

+  -- that the predominant Substance at the ground surface of the LandArea ?area is ?substance.

+  fun groundSurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (headingWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

+  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

+  -- the direction ?DEGREE, according to the compass carried by ?OBJ.

+  fun headingWRTCompassNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (headingWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

+  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

+  -- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to magnetic North.

+  fun headingWRTMagneticNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (headingWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

+  -- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

+  -- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to true North.

+  fun headingWRTTrueNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (highAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

+  -- blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

+  fun highAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (highAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

+  -- Wind blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED 

+  -- and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

+  fun highAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (highTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- there is a HighTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

+  -- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

+  -- the datum on a standard chart.

+  fun highTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (highestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

+  -- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

+  -- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

+  -- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

+  fun highestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (hotSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the hot season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (hotSeasonInArea 

+  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

+  fun hotSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (irrigatedLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

+  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has the ?AMOUNT of irrigated land. 

+  -- ?AMOUNT may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

+  fun irrigatedLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (landAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

+  -- that the total area(s) of solid ground within the GeographicArea 

+  -- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of solid ground need 

+  -- not be continuous within the region.

+  fun landAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (lowAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind blowing 

+  -- between 500_10,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE. Wind speed 

+  -- may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) or as any distance per 

+  -- time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)).

+  fun lowAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (lowAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION) means that the 

+  -- low_altitude Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and comes 

+  -- from the compass point ?DIRECTION. Low_altitude wind is wind blowing 

+  -- between 500_10,000 feet.

+  fun lowAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (lowTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- there is a LowTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

+  -- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

+  -- the datum on a standard chart.

+  fun lowTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (lowestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

+  -- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

+  -- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

+  -- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

+  fun lowestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (magneticVariation ?AREA ?DEGREE ?DIRECTION) means that in the 

+  -- GeographicArea ?AREA, the magnetic variation of a compass from 

+  -- 000 degrees true is ?DEGREE AngularDegrees in ?DIRECTION (East 

+  -- or West).

+  fun magneticVariation : El GeographicArea -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (mapOfArea ?AREA ?POINTER) means that a map 

+  -- of the Region ?AREA can be found at the location ?POINTER.

+  fun mapOfArea : El Region -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (maritimeClaimType ?POLITY ?TYPE)

+  -- means that the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY claims rights over a 

+  -- MaritimeClaimArea of ?TYPE.

+  fun maritimeClaimType: El GeopoliticalArea -> Desc MaritimeClaimArea -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (meanSeaLevel ?place ?measure) means that the Mean Sea 

+  -- Level (MSL) at ?place is ?measure. ?measure is a distance representing the sea level 

+  -- at ?place measured against a benchmark (and averaged over a long time). MSL is measured 

+  -- by tide gauges for maritime purposes, while geodesists use the difference between the 

+  -- local sea surface and an ideal level ocean surface (the geoid).

+  fun meanSeaLevel : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (mediumAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

+  -- blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

+  fun mediumAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (mediumAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

+  -- Wind blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of 

+  -- ?SPEED and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

+  fun mediumAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (naturalHazardTypeInArea ?AREA ?TYPE) means that in the 

+  -- GeographicArea ?AREA, Processes of ?TYPE occur with some 

+  -- frequency and may cause damage or danger to human lives and property.

+  fun naturalHazardTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (naturalResourceTypeInArea ?REGION ?TYPE) means that the 

+  -- GeographicArea ?REGION has resources of the kind ?TYPE.

+  fun naturalResourceTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Object -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (objectGeographicCoordinates ?OBJECT ?LAT ?LONG) means that 

+  -- the Object ?OBJECT is found at the geographic coordinates 

+  -- ?LAT and ?LONG.

+  fun objectGeographicCoordinates : El Object -> El Latitude -> El Longitude -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (oppositeDirection ?DIR1 ?DIR2) 

+  -- means that the PositionalAttribute ?DIR1 points in the compass 

+  -- direction opposite to the DirectionalAttribute ?DIR2.

+  fun oppositeDirection : El PositionalAttribute -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (orbits ?SATELLITE ?FOCUS) means that the Object 

+  -- ?SATELLITE revolves around the AstronomicalBody ?FOCUS.

+  fun orbits : El Object -> El AstronomicalBody -> Formula ;

+

+  -- This predicate is used to represent information from the CIA 

+  -- World Fact Book. (otherLandUseArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- in the GeographicArea ?REGION, the ?AMOUNT of land has some 

+  -- use other than planting seasonal or permanent crops. ?AMOUNT may be 

+  -- expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction. See also 

+  -- arableLandArea and permanentLandArea.

+  fun otherLandUseArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (overcastDaysInPeriod ?AREA ?PERIOD ?NUMBER) means that during the 

+  -- time ?PERIOD, the GeographicArea ?AREA experienced ?NUMBER of 

+  -- OvercastWeather days.

+  fun overcastDaysInPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (partyToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) 

+  -- means that the Agent ?AGENT has committed to the agreement ?PROP.

+  fun partyToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (permanentCropLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that the GeographicArea 

+  -- ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under cultivation with crops that are not 

+  -- replanted after each harvest. This includes orchards, vineyards, coffee 

+  -- and rubber plantations. Timberland is excluded. ?AMOUNT may be expressed 

+  -- in physical units or with a percent or fraction. Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

+  fun permanentCropLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (precipitationAmount ?EVENT ?AMOUNT) means that in the 

+  -- Precipitation process ?EVENT, the quantity of precipitation 

+  -- that fell was ?AMOUNT.

+  fun precipitationAmount : El Precipitation -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (precipitationRate ?EVENT ?RATE) means that in the 

+  -- Precipitation ?EVENT, the precipitation falls at a rate 

+  -- of ?RATE.

+  fun precipitationRate : El Precipitation -> El FunctionQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (precipitationState ?EVENT ?STATE) means that in the Precipitation 

+  -- ?EVENT, the stuff falling is in the PhysicalState ?STATE (e.g., 

+  -- Liquid or Solid ice).

+  fun precipitationState : El WeatherProcess -> El PhysicalState -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (rainySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the rainy or wet season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (rainySeasonInArea 

+  -- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

+  fun rainySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (regionalIssue ?AREA ?ISSUE) means 

+  -- that the AreaOfConcern ?ISSUE is relevant to a problem in the 

+  -- GeographicArea ?AREA.

+  fun regionalIssue : El GeographicArea -> El AreaOfConcern -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (relativeBearing ?OBJ1?OBJ2 ?DEGREES) 

+  -- means that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are separated by the amount ?DEGREES of 

+  -- PlaneAngleMeasure.

+  fun relativeBearing : El Object -> El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (relativeHumidity ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

+  -- means that the amount of moisture in the air at ?AREA is ?AMOUNT. 

+  -- Relative humidity expresses the amount of moisture as a percentage, 

+  -- or ratio, between the actual moisture saturation of the air compared 

+  -- to the potential moisture saturation of the air. At full (potential) 

+  -- saturation, precipitation would occur.

+  fun relativeHumidity : El Object -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (seaSurfaceTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the 

+  -- temperature of the sea surface at ?AREA is ?TEMP. 

+  -- Temperature may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, 

+  -- including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

+  fun seaSurfaceTemperature : El WaterArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- The length of the boundary 

+  -- between two GeographicRegions.

+  fun sharedBorderLength : El GeographicRegion -> El GeographicRegion -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (slopeGradient ?AREA ?SLOPE) means that 

+  -- in the LandArea ?AREA there is an incline of ?slope, where ?SLOPE is 

+  -- the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance. slopeGradient 

+  -- gives an approximate value for nonzero slope over ?AREA, without regard 

+  -- to orientation. For example, (slopeGradient ?AREA 0.10) means that 

+  -- there is a 10% incline across the area, without specifying the 

+  -- orientation in which the land rises or falls. Also see 

+  -- slopeGradientTowardsOrientation.

+  fun slopeGradient : El LandArea -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (slopeGradientTowardsOrientation ?AREA ?DIRECTION ?SLOPE) means that 

+  -- in the LandArea ?AREA, there is an incline of ?SLOPE towards the 

+  -- DirectionalAttribute ?DIRECTION. ?SLOPE is a RationalNumber 

+  -- representing the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance.

+  fun slopeGradientTowardsOrientation : El LandArea -> El DirectionalAttribute -> El RationalNumber -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (streamOutfall ?WATER ?RIVER) means that 

+  -- the WaterArea ?MOUTH is the outfall of the River ?RIVER.

+  fun streamOutfall : El WaterArea -> El River -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIRECTION) means that at ?PLACE 

+  -- the wind is coming from the compass point ?DIRECTION. For example, 

+  -- (surfaceWindDirection SanFranciscoBay Northwest) means that the 

+  -- wind in San Francisco Bay is coming from the Northwest. The wind is 

+  -- within 500 feet of Earth's surface.

+  fun surfaceWindDirection : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) 

+  -- means that the speed of the surface Wind at the GeographicArea 

+  -- ?PLACE is ?RATE. Wind speed may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) 

+  -- or as any distance per time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)). 

+  -- Surface wind is found at the surface of the planet, everyday wind. 

+  -- Technically, Winds moving through the atmosphere up to an altitude 

+  -- of 500 feet.

+  fun surfaceWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

+  -- surface Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and is moving 

+  -- toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD. Surface wind is found at the 

+  -- surface of the planet, everyday wind. Technically, Winds moving 

+  -- through the atmosphere up to an altitude of 500 feet.

+  fun surfaceWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (terrainInArea ?AREA ?ATTRIBUTE) 

+  -- means that the GeographicArea ?AREA is or includes a region with 

+  -- the features of TerrainArea ?ATTRIBUTE.

+  fun terrainInArea : El GeographicArea -> El TerrainAttribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (totalArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- the total area of ?REGION is the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT.

+  fun totalArea : El Region -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (totalBiomass ?PLACE ?MASS) means that the 

+  -- total amount (in weight or volume) of living matter in the Region 

+  -- ?PLACE is ?MASS.

+  fun totalBiomass : El GeographicArea -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (totalCoastline ?AREA ?COASTLENGTH) 

+  -- means that the total length of all boundaries between the GeographicArea 

+  -- ?AREA and the ocean is the LengthMeasure ?COASTLENGTH. The coastline 

+  -- counted may be discontinuous and may even be along different oceans (as 

+  -- in Columbia). A totalCoastline of zero indicates a LandlockedArea. 

+  -- Note that only Ocean coastlines are counted, not any shores with inland 

+  -- waters.

+  fun totalCoastline : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (totalLandBoundary ?REGION ?LENGTH) 

+  -- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has a total LengthMeasure 

+  -- ?LENGTH of land boundaries between it and other countries. Note that 

+  -- the boundaries included in the total length may be discontinuous, as when 

+  -- interrupted by stretches of Seacoast.

+  fun totalLandBoundary : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (totalPrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

+  -- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

+  -- the total amount of precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

+  fun totalPrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) means that 

+  -- the Agent ?AGENT has signed a document to begin the process of 

+  -- committing to the Agreement ?PROP, but that a ratification 

+  -- process required to complete the commitment has not yet occurred.

+  fun unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (vegetationType ?area ?type) associates 

+  -- a particular GeographicArea with a type of Plant that is found there.

+  fun vegetationType : El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (vegetationTypePattern ?AREA ?TYPE ?DENSITY) means that in the 

+  -- GeographicArea ?AREA the Plant ?TYPE is found with ?DENSITY.

+  fun vegetationTypePattern: El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (warmSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

+  -- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the warm season occurs 

+  -- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

+  fun warmSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (waterAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

+  -- that the total area(s) of surface water within the GeographicArea 

+  -- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of water need not be 

+  -- continuous within the region.

+  fun waterAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (waterDepth ?AREA ?LENGTH) means that the 

+  -- depth of water at the Region ?AREA is ?LENGTH.

+  fun waterDepth : El WaterArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

+

+  -- (windRelativePosition ?OBJECT ?POSITION) means that the Wind blows 

+  -- at ?OBJECT from the relative vector ?POSITION. E.g., Crosswind, 

+  -- Headwind, Tailwind.

+  fun windRelativePosition : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

 

--- A MountainRange is a row or chain of connected mountains.

-fun MountainRange : Class ;

-fun MountainRange_Class : SubClass MountainRange (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-

--- An area of MountainousTerrain 

--- is an area of rugged terrain in which there are many mountains.

-fun MountainousTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-

-fun Mudflow : Class ;

-fun Mudflow_Class : SubClass Mudflow Landslide ;

-fun Mudslide : Class ;

-fun Mudslide_Class : SubClass Mudslide Landslide ;

--- NaturalGas is a combustible mixture 

--- of methane and higher hydrocarbons.

-fun NaturalGas : Class ;

-fun NaturalGas_Class : SubClass NaturalGas CompoundSubstance ;

-

--- NaturalSatellite is the class of 

--- large, naturally occurring astronomical bodies orbiting some other 

--- AstronomicalBody.

-fun NaturalSatellite : Class ;

-fun NaturalSatellite_Class : SubClass NaturalSatellite (both AstronomicalBody Satellite) ;

-

-

--- NauticalMile represents the international 

--- unit used for measuring distance in sea and air navigation. The unit is 

--- based on the length of a minute of arc of a great circle of 

--- PlanetEarth.

-fun NauticalMile : Ind UnitOfLength ;

-

-

-fun NormalFault : Class ;

-fun NormalFault_Class : SubClass NormalFault DipSlipFault ;

-fun NorthAmerica : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

-

--- NorthAtlanticOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

--- of the AtlanticOcean.

-fun NorthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-

--- NorthPacificOcean denotes the northern geographicSubregion 

--- of the PacificOcean.

-fun NorthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-

-fun NorthSea : Ind Sea ;

-

--- Northeast represents the compass direction of Northeast.

-fun Northeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-

-fun NorthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun NorthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun NorthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- The half of the Earth that lies above the 

--- equator.

-fun NorthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-

-fun NorthernNorthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun NorthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- Northwest represents the compass direction of Northwest.

-fun Northwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-

--- NoxiousSubstance is 

--- the class of Substances that are harmful to Humans.

-fun NoxiousSubstance : Class ;

-fun NoxiousSubstance_Class : SubClass NoxiousSubstance Substance ;

-

-fun NuclearEnvironmentalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-fun NuclearPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun NuclearTestBanTreaty : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- Oasis is a subclass of LandAreas that are 

--- fertile places within a desert, which have water and some vegetation.

-fun Oasis : Class ;

-fun Oasis_Class : SubClass Oasis (both Biome LandArea) ;

-

-

--- OccludedFront is the class of complex 

--- weather transition processes in which a cold air mass overtakes a warm 

--- air mass.

-fun OccludedFront : Class ;

-fun OccludedFront_Class : SubClass OccludedFront WeatherFront ;

-

--- Ocean is the class containing the oceans 

--- that are the major subdivisions of the WorldOcean. According to 

--- the International Hydrographic Association, there are five oceans: 

--- the AtlanticOcean, PacificOcean, IndianOcean, SouthernOcean, 

--- and ArcticOcean. Note: The largest oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific, 

--- are subdivided into Northern and Southern regions, but those regions 

--- are not separate Oceans.

-fun Ocean : Class ;

-fun Ocean_Class : SubClass Ocean (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun Oceania : Ind (both GeographicArea Continent) ;

-

-fun OilPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

--- OpenSea is the Attribute of a WaterArea 

--- that is open ocean beyond five NauticalMiles of land, also known as 

--- 'blue water'.

-fun OpenSea : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

--- (OuterBoundaryFn ?REGION) denotes the 

--- outer boundary of the Region ?REGION, where ?REGION has an inner and 

--- outer orientation with respect to another object.

-fun OuterBoundaryFn : El Region -> Ind Region ;

-

-

--- OvercastWeather represents

---  a condition in which more than 70% of the sky is covered 

--- with clouds.

-fun OvercastWeather : Class ;

-fun OvercastWeather_Class : SubClass OvercastWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

--- Overgrazing is the class of processes 

--- in which grazing animals consume vegetation faster than it can regrow.

-fun Overgrazing : Class ;

-fun Overgrazing_Class : SubClass Overgrazing Eating ;

-

-fun OvergrazingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun OverhuntingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun OverpopulationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun OzoneDepletionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun OzoneLayerProtectionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- The OzoneShield is a layer in 

--- EarthsAtmosphere, located about 25 miles above Earth's surface, 

--- composed of ozone gas that absorbs ultraviolent radiation from 

--- the Sun that can be damaging to living things.

-fun OzoneShield : Ind (both AtmosphericRegion CompoundSubstance) ;

-

-

--- PHValue ('pH') is a UnitOfMeasure 

--- used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH 

--- scale ranges from 0 to 14. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. 

--- Acid solutions have a pH value less than seven. Alkaline solutions 

--- have a value greater than seven.

-fun PHValue : Ind NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

-

-

--- PacificOcean represents the Pacific 

--- Ocean.

-fun PacificOcean : Ind Ocean ;

-

-

--- Pampa is a class of vast, level, typically grassy 

--- Plains of land in South America.

-fun Pampa : Class ;

-fun Pampa_Class : SubClass Pampa (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-

-fun Pampero : Class ;

-fun Pampero_Class : SubClass Pampero Windstorm ;

--- PartlyCloudyWeather 

--- represents a condition in which between 30% and 70% of the 

--- sky is covered with clouds.

-fun PartlyCloudyWeather : Class ;

-fun PartlyCloudyWeather_Class : SubClass PartlyCloudyWeather WeatherProcess ;

-

--- A Peninsula is a piece of land that extends 

--- into a body of water and is surrounded on three sides by water. Typically 

--- connected by an Isthmus or neck of land that is narrower than its main 

--- portion (contrast with Cape).

-fun Peninsula : Class ;

-fun Peninsula_Class : SubClass Peninsula LandForm ;

-

--- A PerimeterArea is a region that 

--- extends outward from a boundary with another region, surrounding or 

--- partially surrounding it, but which is not part of that other region. 

--- See BorderFn and PerimeterAreaFn.

-fun PerimeterArea : Class ;

-fun PerimeterArea_Class : SubClass PerimeterArea Region ;

-

--- (PerimeterAreaFn ?REGION) denotes a 

--- class including any peripheral zones extending outward from the Region 

--- ?REGION.

-fun PerimeterAreaFn: El Region -> Desc PerimeterArea ;

-

-

-fun Permafrost : Ind CompoundSubstance ;

-

--- PermanentCropLand is the subclass 

--- of LandArea that represents land cultivated for crops that are produced 

--- without replanting after every harvest, such as fruit trees, coffee, rubber, 

--- nuts, and vineyards. Does not include timberland. Cf. arableLandArea.

-fun PermanentCropLand : Class ;

-fun PermanentCropLand_Class : SubClass PermanentCropLand LandArea ;

-

-fun PersianGulf : Ind (both Gulf SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-fun PesticideIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- PesticidePollution is 

--- the subclass of Pollution in which the pollutant is a pesticide.

-fun PesticidePollution : Class ;

-fun PesticidePollution_Class : SubClass PesticidePollution Pollution ;

-

--- Phospate is a salt or ester of a 

--- phosphoric acid.

-fun Phosphate : Class ;

-fun Phosphate_Class : SubClass Phosphate CompoundSubstance ;

-

--- A Piedmont is a LandArea at the foot of mountains.

-fun Piedmont : Class ;

-fun Piedmont_Class : SubClass Piedmont LandArea ;

-

--- Pines are coniferous BotanicalTrees of the 

--- genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They are evergreens, with needle_

--- shaped leaves and propagate by dropping pine cones, which contains

--- seeds. (from Wikipedia)

-fun PineTree : Class ;

-fun PineTree_Class : SubClass PineTree BotanicalTree ;

-

--- A Plain is a broad, flat or gently rolling area, 

--- usually low in elevation.

-fun Plain : Class ;

-fun Plain_Class : SubClass Plain LowlandArea ;

-

--- Planet is the class of large 

--- NaturalSatellites that revolve around a star.

-fun Planet : Class ;

-fun Planet_Class : SubClass Planet NaturalSatellite ;

-

-fun PlanetEarth : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetJupiter : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetMars : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetMercury : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetNeptune : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetPluto : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetSaturn : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetUranus : Ind Planet ;

-

-fun PlanetVenus : Ind Planet ;

-

--- Planting is the class of processes in 

--- which botanical Plants are planted or transplanted, whether as 

--- seeds, seedlings, or mature plants.

-fun Planting : Class ;

-fun Planting_Class : SubClass Planting Putting ;

-

--- A Plateau is a flat upland area with one steep 

--- face, elevated plain.

-fun Plateau : Class ;

-fun Plateau_Class : SubClass Plateau (both LandForm UplandArea) ;

-

-

--- Poaching is the illegal killing 

--- of non_human animals.

-fun Poaching : Class ;

-fun Poaching_Class : SubClass Poaching Killing ;

-

--- PolarClimateZone is a subclass of 

--- ClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature less than 

--- 10 degrees Celsius in the warmest month. This is Koeppen climate system 

--- Type E. No agriculture is supported in polar climates.

-fun PolarClimateZone : Class ;

-fun PolarClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

--- PolarTypeFClimateZone is a 

--- subclass of PolarClimateZone characterized by having no month in 

--- which the temperature rises to 10 degrees Celsius or above.

-fun PolarTypeFClimateZone : Class ;

-fun PolarTypeFClimateZone_Class : SubClass PolarTypeFClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

-

-fun PollutedFishStocksIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- Pollution is the contamination of an 

--- environment by man_made wastes.

-fun Pollution : Class ;

-fun Pollution_Class : SubClass Pollution SocialInteraction ;

-

-fun PollutionIssue : Class ;

-fun PollutionIssue_Class : SubClass PollutionIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-fun PoopoLake : Ind SaltLake ;

-

-fun PopulationMigrationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- PotableWater is the subclass 

--- of Water that represents safely drinkable water.

-fun PotableWater : Class ;

-fun PotableWater_Class : SubClass PotableWater Freshwater ;

-

--- Potash is a Potassium carbonate from 

--- wood ashes or a potassium compound.

-fun Potash : Class ;

-fun Potash_Class : SubClass Potash CompoundSubstance ;

-

-fun PowerPlantEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

--- Prairie is a class of large plains 

--- LandAreas with tall grass vegetation.

-fun Prairie : Class ;

-fun Prairie_Class : SubClass Prairie (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-

--- RainForest is the subclass of LandAreas 

--- that are densely planted with trees.

-fun RainForest : Class ;

-fun RainForest_Class : SubClass RainForest (both Biome Forest) ;

-

-

--- Raining is a precipitation process 

--- in which water falls in a Liquid state.

-fun Raining : Class ;

-fun Raining_Class : SubClass Raining Precipitation ;

-

--- Rapids is the class of WaterAreas that are 

--- parts of a StreamWaterArea where the currents move swiftly over 

--- rocks.

-fun Rapids : Class ;

-fun Rapids_Class : SubClass Rapids StreamWaterArea ;

-

-fun RawSewagePollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-fun RedSea : Ind Sea ;

-

--- A Reef is a ridge of rock, coral, or sand at or near 

--- the surface of a WaterArea.

-fun Reef : Class ;

-fun Reef_Class : SubClass Reef (both LandForm MaritimeHazard) ;

-

-

--- Reforestation is the process of 

--- replanting trees on land where they were cut or burned.

-fun Reforestation : Class ;

-fun Reforestation_Class : SubClass Reforestation Planting ;

-

--- A Reservoir is an artifically made (or 

--- artifically enlarged) holding area where water is collected and stored 

--- for future use.

-fun Reservoir : Class ;

-fun Reservoir_Class : SubClass Reservoir (both Artifact FreshWaterArea) ;

-

-

--- A ReservoirLake is an artifically made 

--- (or artifically enlarged) lake used for water collection and storage.

-fun ReservoirLake : Class ;

-fun ReservoirLake_Class : SubClass ReservoirLake (both Lake Reservoir) ;

-

-

--- A RichterMagnitude is a measure 

--- of the severity of an EarthTremor. For example, 

--- (MeasureFn 6.5 RichterMagnitude) denotes the value of 6.5 on the 

--- Richter scale.

-fun RichterMagnitude : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;

-

-

--- A RipCurrent is a fast narrow surface current 

--- that flows seaward from a ShoreArea.

-fun RipCurrent : Class ;

-fun RipCurrent_Class : SubClass RipCurrent LittoralCurrent ;

-

--- River is the class of large streams of fresh 

--- water flowing through land into a lake, ocean, or other body of water.

-fun River : Class ;

-fun River_Class : SubClass River (both BodyOfWater (both FreshWaterArea StreamWaterArea)) ;

-

-

--- A RiverBank is the ShoreArea adjacent to a river.

-fun RiverBank : Class ;

-fun RiverBank_Class : SubClass RiverBank (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

-

-

--- RiverMouth is the subclass of WaterAreas 

--- that are the outfalls of a river or stream into another body of water.

-fun RiverMouth : Class ;

-fun RiverMouth_Class : SubClass RiverMouth (both StreamWaterArea WaterArea) ;

-

-

--- A RiverSystem comprises all the tributary 

--- streams and rivers (StreamWaterAreas) that drain along converging 

--- paths into the main river of the system, which discharges into a 

--- StaticWaterArea.

-fun RiverSystem : Class ;

-fun RiverSystem_Class : SubClass RiverSystem (both Collection WaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun Rockslide : Class ;

-fun Rockslide_Class : SubClass Rockslide Landslide ;

--- Salination is the class of processes 

--- in which either Freshwater or Topsoil becomes imbued with 

--- SodiumChloride from sea water or from the evaporation of irrigation water.

-fun Salination : Class ;

-fun Salination_Class : SubClass Salination Combining ;

-

--- A Salt is a chemical substance which is a combination 

--- of a metal or a base with an acid.

-fun Salt : Class ;

-fun Salt_Class : SubClass Salt CompoundSubstance ;

-

--- SaltLake is the class of landlocked 

--- bodies of salt water, including those referred to as 'Seas', e.g., 

--- the CaspianSea. But note that the MediterraneanSea is a Sea.

-fun SaltLake : Class ;

-fun SaltLake_Class : SubClass SaltLake (both LandlockedWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun SaltonSea : Ind SaltLake ;

-

--- Sand is loose fragments of minerals or rocks. Smaller than 

--- gravel and larger than silt and clay, sand particles range from 8/10,000 to 8/100 

--- inch (0.02 to 2 millimeters) in diameter. Sand is formed by the Erosion of rocks 

--- through the action of water, ice, or air.

-fun Sand : Class ;

-fun Sand_Class : SubClass Sand Soil ;

-

-fun Sandstorm : Class ;

-fun Sandstorm_Class : SubClass Sandstorm WeatherProcess ;

--- Sanitation is the class of processes 

--- by which human waste and garbage are disposed of.

-fun Sanitation : Class ;

-fun Sanitation_Class : SubClass Sanitation Removing ;

-

--- Satellite is the collection of bodies that 

--- revolve around some astronomical body, e.g., planets around a star. 

--- This class includes both artificial and NaturalSatellites.

-fun Satellite : Class ;

-fun Satellite_Class : SubClass Satellite AstronomicalBody ;

-

--- Savanna is a class of tropical or subtropical 

--- Grasslands, typically treeless.

-fun Savanna : Class ;

-fun Savanna_Class : SubClass Savanna (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-

--- ScatteredVegetation describes 

--- the pattern of vegetation in which plants appear at intervals.

-fun ScatteredVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

--- Sea is the class of smaller subdivisions of 

--- the WorldOcean, typically partially surrounded by land. However, 

--- for inland salt water bodies that are sometimes called 'Sea', see 

--- SaltLake.

-fun Sea : Class ;

-fun Sea_Class : SubClass Sea (both BodyOfWater SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun SeaIce : Class ;

-fun SeaIce_Class : SubClass SeaIce Ice ;

--- SeaLevel designates the global Mean Sea Surface 

--- (MSS). Note that SeaLevel represents a GeographicArea that comprises all 

--- the local Mean Sea Level (MSL) areas used as references for measuring altitude. 

--- In fact, there are local variations in MSL, due to tides and long_ and short_

--- term weather conditions.

-fun SeaLevel : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-

--- SeabedArea is the class of SubmergedLandAreas that are part of 

--- the sea floor.

-fun SeabedArea : Class ;

-fun SeabedArea_Class : SubClass SeabedArea SubmergedLandArea ;

-

--- A Seacoast is the ShoreArea along the 

--- margin of an ocean, extending inland approximately 1_3 km from the low 

--- water mark.

-fun Seacoast : Class ;

-fun Seacoast_Class : SubClass Seacoast (both LandForm ShoreArea) ;

-

-

-fun SemiaridClimateZone : Class ;

-fun SemiaridClimateZone_Class : SubClass SemiaridClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-fun SevereThunderstorm : Class ;

-fun SevereThunderstorm_Class : SubClass SevereThunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

-fun SewageDisposal : Class ;

-fun SewageDisposal_Class : SubClass SewageDisposal Sanitation ;

-fun ShipPollutionProtocol : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun Shoal : Class ;

-fun Shoal_Class : SubClass Shoal MaritimeHazard ;

--- Shoreline is the class of LandAreas that 

--- are the edge of a larger land mass abutting a bordering WaterArea.

-fun Shoreline : Class ;

-fun Shoreline_Class : SubClass Shoreline LandArea ;

-

--- (ShorelineFn ?LAND ?WATER) denotes 

--- the Shoreline where the GeographicArea ?LAND borders the 

--- WaterArea ?WATER.

-fun ShorelineFn : El GeographicArea -> El WaterArea -> Ind LandArea ;

-

-

--- (ShortageFn ?TYPE) means that there 

--- is a shortage of objects of ?TYPE, which are used as resources.

-fun ShortageFn: Desc Object -> Ind Entity ;

-

-

--- Shrub is the class of low, perennial, 

--- typically multi_stemmed woody plants, called shrubs or bushes.

-fun Shrub : Class ;

-fun Shrub_Class : SubClass Shrub FloweringPlant ;

-

--- SigningADocument is the class of 

--- actions in which an agent affixes a signature, stamp, or other evidence 

--- of authorization or attestation to a document. The document and signature 

--- may be electronic. Signings count as SocialInteractions even if done in 

--- private, because their significance derives from a social context.

-fun SigningADocument : Class ;

-fun SigningADocument_Class : SubClass SigningADocument Committing ;

-

--- Silt is sand or earth which is carried along by flowing 

--- water and deposited at a bend in a river or at a river's opening.

-fun Silt : Class ;

-fun Silt_Class : SubClass Silt Soil ;

-

--- Siltation is the class of processes 

--- in which WaterAreas become filled in with silt or mud, due to 

--- soil Erosion.

-fun Siltation : Class ;

-fun Siltation_Class : SubClass Siltation Putting ;

-

-fun SiltationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun Sirocco : Class ;

-fun Sirocco_Class : SubClass Sirocco WindProcess ;

--- SlashAndBurnAgriculture 

--- is the subclass of Agriculture processes in which land is 

--- cleared by cutting and burning trees, and crops are farmed until 

--- the soil is depleted, at which point the plot is abandoned to 

--- regrowth. This rotational technique is viable only with low 

--- populations and infrequent re_use.

-fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture : Class ;

-fun SlashAndBurnAgriculture_Class : SubClass SlashAndBurnAgriculture Agriculture ;

-

-fun Sleeting : Class ;

-fun Sleeting_Class : SubClass Sleeting Precipitation ;

--- A SlopedArea is a land surface which lies at 

--- an angle to the horizontal so that some points on it are higher than 

--- others, a slope.

-fun SlopedArea : Class ;

-fun SlopedArea_Class : SubClass SlopedArea LandForm ;

-

--- Snowing is a precipitation process 

--- in which water falls in a Solid state.

-fun Snowing : Class ;

-fun Snowing_Class : SubClass Snowing Precipitation ;

-

-fun SocialInteractions : Class ;

-

--- Soil is a substance composed of fine rock material 

--- disintegrated by geological processes, mixed with humus, the organic remains of decomposed vegetation.

-fun Soil : Class ;

-fun Soil_Class : SubClass Soil Mixture ;

-

--- SoilDegradation is a class of 

--- processes in which the productive capacity of soil is lowered by 

--- over_fertilization, overuse of pesticides, erosion, or soil 

--- compaction.

-fun SoilDegradation : Class ;

-fun SoilDegradation_Class : SubClass SoilDegradation SocialInteractions ;

-

-fun SoilDegradationIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

--- SoilErosion is the subclass of 

--- Erosion in which the matter removed by wind or water is topsoil.

-fun SoilErosion : Class ;

-fun SoilErosion_Class : SubClass SoilErosion Erosion ;

-

-fun SoilErosionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-fun SoilExhaustionIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

-fun SoilPollutionIssue : Ind (both PollutionIssue SoilQualityIssue) ;

-

-fun SoilQualityIssue : Class ;

-fun SoilQualityIssue_Class : SubClass SoilQualityIssue EnvironmentalIssue ;

-fun SoilSalination : Class ;

-fun SoilSalination_Class : SubClass SoilSalination Salination ;

-fun SoilSalinityIssue : Ind SoilQualityIssue ;

-

--- SoilSolution is the liquid component of soils, 

--- which is largely water containing a number of mineral substances in solution, 

--- as well as comparatively large amounts of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide.

-fun SoilSolution : Class ;

-fun SoilSolution_Class : SubClass SoilSolution Solution ;

-

--- Sol is the nearest Star to PlanetEarth and 

--- the focus of its SolarSystem.

-fun Sol : Ind Star ;

-

-

--- SolarSystem is the class of systems that 

--- consist of a star or stars and any encircling astronomical bodies.

-fun SolarSystem : Class ;

-fun SolarSystem_Class : SubClass SolarSystem Collection ;

-

-fun SolidWasteDisposal : Class ;

-fun SolidWasteDisposal_Class : SubClass SolidWasteDisposal Sanitation ;

-fun SolidWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

--- A Sound is a long, relatively narrow waterway 

--- lying along the shore of a land mass and protected from open water by 

--- another land area, an island or group of islands. Some sounds open at 

--- both ends into the same body of water (e.g., Long Island Sound), while 

--- others connect two different bodies of water (e.g., Melville Sound). 

--- A Sound may occur in salt or fresh water bodies. Generally wider than 

--- a Strait.

-fun Sound : Class ;

-fun Sound_Class : SubClass Sound BodyOfWater ;

-

-fun SouthAmerica : Ind Continent ;

-

--- SouthAtlanticOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

--- of the AtlanticOcean.

-fun SouthAtlanticOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-

--- SouthPacificOcean denotes the southern geographicSubregion 

--- of the PacificOcean.

-fun SouthPacificOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-

-fun SouthSandwichTrench : Ind Hole ;

-

--- Southeast represents the compass direction of Southeast.

-fun Southeast : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-

-fun SoutheasternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun SoutheasternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun SouthernAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun SouthernAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun SouthernEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- The half of the Earth that lies below the 

--- equator.

-fun SouthernHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-

--- SouthernOcean represents the Southern 

--- Ocean.

-fun SouthernOcean : Ind (both Ocean PolarClimateZone) ;

-

-

-fun SouthernSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- Southwest represents the compass direction of Southwest.

-fun Southwest : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;

-

-

-fun SouthwesternAsia : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun SouthwesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- SparseVegetation describes the 

--- pattern of vegetation in an area where there is very little vegetation.

-fun SparseVegetation : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

-fun Squall : Class ;

-fun Squall_Class : SubClass Squall WeatherProcess ;

--- SquareKilometer represents a 

--- UnitOfMeasure equal to one square kilometer.

-fun SquareKilometer : Ind UnitOfArea ;

-

-

--- SquareMeter represents a UnitOfMeasure 

--- equal to one square Meter.

-fun SquareMeter : Ind UnitOfArea ;

-

-

--- (SquareUnitFn ?UNIT) denotes the 

--- UnitOfMeasure that is the square of the UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT. 

--- For example, (SquareUnitFn (KiloFn Meter)) denotes the unit 

--- of a square kilometer.

-fun SquareUnitFn : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;

-

-

--- Star is the class of hot gaseous astronomical bodies.

-fun Star : Class ;

-fun Star_Class : SubClass Star AstronomicalBody ;

-

--- StationaryFront is the class of 

--- boundary areas between two air masses that are stationary, with neither 

--- mass presently replacing the other.

-fun StationaryFront : Class ;

-fun StationaryFront_Class : SubClass StationaryFront WeatherFront ;

-

--- A TerrainAttribute of a region in 

--- which there is a wide variation in elevation and slopeGradients 

--- of more than 10%.

-fun SteepTerrain : Ind TerrainAttribute ;

-

-

--- Steppe is a subclass of Plain, representing 

--- vast, level, treeless areas of land in Asia or SE Europe.

-fun Steppe : Class ;

-fun Steppe_Class : SubClass Steppe Plain ;

-

--- SteppeClimateZone 

--- is the class of AridClimateZones where the dominant 

--- vegetation type is grasses, with no trees. Koeppen 

--- system 'BS'.

-fun SteppeClimateZone : Class ;

-fun SteppeClimateZone_Class : SubClass SteppeClimateZone AridClimateZone ;

-

--- A Stone is any small fragment of rock or mineral matter.

-fun Stone : Class ;

-fun Stone_Class : SubClass Stone Rock ;

-

-fun StormSystem : Class ;

-fun StormSystem_Class : SubClass StormSystem WeatherSystem ;

--- Strait is the subclass of BodyOfWater that 

--- consists of narrow water areas connecting two larger bodies of water. 

--- Straits are naturally occurring bodies of water.

-fun Strait : Class ;

-fun Strait_Class : SubClass Strait BodyOfWater ;

-

-fun StraitOfHormuz : Ind (both Strait SaltWaterArea) ;

-

--- A StreamWaterConfluence is the 

--- place where a stream or other tributary joins a river.

-fun StreamWaterConfluence : Class ;

-fun StreamWaterConfluence_Class : SubClass StreamWaterConfluence WaterArea ;

-

-fun StrikeSlipFault : Class ;

-fun StrikeSlipFault_Class : SubClass StrikeSlipFault GeologicalFault ;

-fun StrongWind : Class ;

-fun StrongWind_Class : SubClass StrongWind WindProcess ;

--- SubmergedLandArea is the class of land 

--- regions that are located beneath bodies of water.

-fun SubmergedLandArea : Class ;

-fun SubmergedLandArea_Class : SubClass SubmergedLandArea GeographicArea ;

-

--- SubtropicalDesertClimateZone is a subclass of DesertClimateZone 

--- that is characterized by an average temperature greater than 18 

--- degrees Celsius, as well as very low rainfall. This is Koeppen 

--- system 'BWh'.

-fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone : Class ;

-fun SubtropicalDesertClimateZone_Class : SubClass SubtropicalDesertClimateZone DesertClimateZone ;

-

--- SurfaceGroundArea is a subclass of 

--- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is solid 

--- ground. A SurfaceGroundArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping 

--- a larger, continuous GeographicArea but excluding any WaterAreas 

--- enclosed therein. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other surface water areas 

--- are not part of any SurfaceGroundArea.

-fun SurfaceGroundArea : Class ;

-fun SurfaceGroundArea_Class : SubClass SurfaceGroundArea GeographicArea ;

-

-fun Swarming : Class ;

-fun Swarming_Class : SubClass Swarming Motion ;

--- Tailwind is the relative attribute of a 

--- Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the back 

--- of the object (BackFn). A tailwind can positively affect the speed 

--- capability of a vehicle.

-fun Tailwind : Ind Attribute ;

-

-

--- Talc is a very soft Mineral that is 

--- a basic silicate of magnesium.

-fun Talc : Class ;

-fun Talc_Class : SubClass Talc Mineral ;

-

--- TemperateClimateZone is the 

--- subclass of ClimateZone whose warmest month has an average 

--- temperature greater than 10 degrees Celsius and whose coolest month 

--- has an average temperature between 18 degrees and _3 degrees Celsius. 

--- This is Class C in the Koeppen climate system.

-fun TemperateClimateZone : Class ;

-fun TemperateClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

-fun TemperateHardwoodForest : Class ;

-fun TemperateHardwoodForest_Class : SubClass TemperateHardwoodForest (both Biome Forest) ;

-

-fun TemperateRainForest : Class ;

-fun TemperateRainForest_Class : SubClass TemperateRainForest (both RainForest TemperateHardwoodForest) ;

-

--- TemperateSummerDryClimateZone is the subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

--- that is characterized by dry summers, and in which the wettest winter month 

--- has at least three times the moisture of the driest summer month. The 

--- driest month has less than an average of 30 mm of precipitation. Koeppen 

--- climate system type 'Cs'.

-fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone : Class ;

-fun TemperateSummerDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateSummerDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

--- TemperateWinterDryClimateZone is a subclass of TemperateClimateZone 

--- characterized by having at least 10 times as much precipitation in the 

--- wettest summer month as in the driest winter month. Koeppen climate 

--- system type 'Cw'.

-fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone : Class ;

-fun TemperateWinterDryClimateZone_Class : SubClass TemperateWinterDryClimateZone TemperateClimateZone ;

-

--- TerrainAttribute is a class of 

--- Attributes that describe terrain.

-fun TerrainAttribute : Class ;

-fun TerrainAttribute_Class : SubClass TerrainAttribute InternalAttribute ;

-

--- TerritorialSea is the class 

--- of contiguous waters over which a GeopoliticalArea claims 

--- jurisdiction in accordance with the United Nations Convention 

--- on the LawOfTheSea (LOS), Part II. A territorial sea may be

--- up to 12 miles (NauticalMiles) in breadth. A subclass of 

--- MaritimeClaimArea.

-fun TerritorialSea : Class ;

-fun TerritorialSea_Class : SubClass TerritorialSea (both MaritimeClaimArea SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

--- (TerritorialSeaFn ?POLITY) denotes 

--- the TerritorialSea that is claimed by the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY.

-fun TerritorialSeaFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind TerritorialSea ;

-

-

-fun ThrustFault : Class ;

-fun ThrustFault_Class : SubClass ThrustFault DipSlipFault ;

-fun Thunderstorm : Class ;

-fun Thunderstorm_Class : SubClass Thunderstorm WeatherProcess ;

--- A TidalBore is an unusally high, fast tidal 

--- inflow from the sea, resulting from a high volume of water rushing from 

--- a wide_mouthed bay or Estuary into narrower landward areas.

-fun TidalBore : Class ;

-fun TidalBore_Class : SubClass TidalBore LittoralCurrent ;

-

--- TidalEbb is the subclass of WaterCurrents 

--- that are temporary and variable, but regular, currents of ocean water 

--- flowing seaward up to and during the time of low tide. Alternating with 

--- TidalFlow.

-fun TidalEbb : Class ;

-fun TidalEbb_Class : SubClass TidalEbb LittoralCurrent ;

-

--- TidalFlow is the subclass of WaterCurrents 

--- that are temporary and variable, but regular, currents of ocean water 

--- flowing landward up to and during the time of high tide. Alternating 

--- with TidalEbb.

-fun TidalFlow : Class ;

-fun TidalFlow_Class : SubClass TidalFlow LittoralCurrent ;

-

--- TidalProcess is the class of daily 

--- recurring events in which the water level in a BodyOfWater rises 

--- and falls with the changing position between Earth and the Moon.

-fun TidalProcess : Class ;

-fun TidalProcess_Class : SubClass TidalProcess InternalChange ;

-

--- A Tide is a vertical movement of the water level 

--- in a BodyOfWater due to the gravitational attraction between Earth and 

--- the moon. Tides are diurnally recurrent events. In most regions with 

--- tides, every day there are two high tides and two low tides. MixedTide 

--- represents a process in which the tides at either extreme are unequal.

-fun Tide : Class ;

-fun Tide_Class : SubClass Tide (both FlowRegion SaltWaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun Tornado : Class ;

-fun Tornado_Class : SubClass Tornado WeatherProcess ;

-fun ToxicChemicalPollutionIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

-fun ToxicWasteDisposalIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

--- TreatyDocument is the subclass of 

--- Texts that represent written agreements between Nations.

-fun TreatyDocument : Class ;

-fun TreatyDocument_Class : SubClass TreatyDocument Text ;

-

--- TropicalClimateZone is a 

--- subclass of ClimateZone in which the average temperature of the 

--- coldest month is greater than 18 degrees Celsius. This is Class 

--- 'A' in the Koeppen climate classification system.

-fun TropicalClimateZone : Class ;

-fun TropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass TropicalClimateZone ClimateZone ;

-

--- TropicalCyclone is the class of 

--- CyclonicStorms that occur in the Tropics and typically have 

--- rotational winds of hurricane force (74 mph or higher).

-fun TropicalCyclone : Class ;

-fun TropicalCyclone_Class : SubClass TropicalCyclone CyclonicStorm ;

-

-fun TropicalRainForest : Class ;

-fun TropicalRainForest_Class : SubClass TropicalRainForest RainForest ;

-fun TropicalTimber83Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun TropicalTimber94Agreement : Ind Agreement ;

-

--- The Tropics is the region of 

--- PlanetEarth that lies between approximately 23 and one half degrees 

--- North latitude and 23 and one half degrees South latitude, 

--- encircling the globe. 'The Tropics'. See also TropicArea.

-fun Tropics : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-

--- Tsunami is the class of highly destructive 

--- ocean waves caused by offshore seismic processes.

-fun Tsunami : Class ;

-fun Tsunami_Class : SubClass Tsunami WeatherProcess ;

-

--- Tundra is a subclass of flat, treeless Plains 

--- areas lying within the ArcticRegion. Subsoil in Tundra is permanently 

--- frozen.

-fun Tundra : Class ;

-fun Tundra_Class : SubClass Tundra (both ArcticRegion (both Biome Plain)) ;

-

-

--- TundraClimateZone is a subclass of 

--- PolarClimateZone characterized by having an average temperature 

--- above zero degrees Celsius (but below 10 degrees) in the warmest month. 

--- Koeppen subtype 'ET'.

-fun TundraClimateZone : Class ;

-fun TundraClimateZone_Class : SubClass TundraClimateZone PolarClimateZone ;

-

-fun Typhoon : Class ;

-fun Typhoon_Class : SubClass Typhoon TropicalCyclone ;

-fun UVLevelsIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- The class of regions located Below the surface of the earth.

-fun UndergroundArea : Class ;

-fun UndergroundArea_Class : SubClass UndergroundArea GeographicArea ;

-

-fun UnexplodedOrdinanceIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- A UniformPerimeterArea is one 

--- that has a defined uniform width.

-fun UniformPerimeterArea : Class ;

-fun UniformPerimeterArea_Class : SubClass UniformPerimeterArea PerimeterArea ;

-

--- Uphill is a PositionalAttribute that 

--- describes the relation between two things, one of which is located 

--- up a slope from the other.

-fun Uphill : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-

--- An UplandArea is a LandArea elevated above the surrounding 

--- terrain.

-fun UplandArea : Class ;

-fun UplandArea_Class : SubClass UplandArea LandForm ;

-

-fun Upstream : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

--- Upwind is a PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position 

--- upwind (windward) with respect to the direction that the Wind is 

--- blowing.

-fun Upwind : Ind PositionalAttribute ;

-

-

-fun UrbanizationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- A Valley is an area of low_lying land flanked by 

--- higher ground. Valleys typically contain a stream or river flowing along the valley floor.

-fun Valley : Class ;

-fun Valley_Class : SubClass Valley (both LandForm LowlandArea) ;

-

-

-fun VehicleEmissionsIssue : Ind PollutionIssue ;

-

--- VehicularPollution is the 

--- subclass of Pollution in which the pollutants are vehicle emissions.

-fun VehicularPollution : Class ;

-fun VehicularPollution_Class : SubClass VehicularPollution Pollution ;

-

--- Veldt is a subclass of Grasslands which have 

--- scattered shrubs or trees.

-fun Veldt : Class ;

-fun Veldt_Class : SubClass Veldt (both Grassland Plain) ;

-

-

--- A VolcanicCone is a hill of lava or 

--- pyroclastics surrounding a volcanic vent. Not as high as a 

--- VolcanicMountain.

-fun VolcanicCone : Class ;

-fun VolcanicCone_Class : SubClass VolcanicCone (both Hill Volcano) ;

-

-

--- VolcanicEruption is the subclass of 

--- GeologicalProcesses in which Volcanoes erupt.

-fun VolcanicEruption : Class ;

-fun VolcanicEruption_Class : SubClass VolcanicEruption GeologicalProcess ;

-

-fun VolcanicGasRelease : Class ;

-fun VolcanicGasRelease_Class : SubClass VolcanicGasRelease VolcanicEruption ;

--- A VolcanicMountain is a cone_shaped 

--- mountain formed out of rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth, 

--- frequently with an opening or depression at the top.

-fun VolcanicMountain : Class ;

-fun VolcanicMountain_Class : SubClass VolcanicMountain (both Mountain Volcano) ;

-

-

-fun VolcanicallyActive : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

-fun VolcanicallyDormant : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

-fun VolcanicallyExtinct : Ind VolcanoStatus ;

-

--- A Volcano in the broadest sense, i.e., a region 

--- containing a vent through which magmous and/or pyroclastic materials are 

--- passed from the interior of the Earth to its surface (atmospheric or 

--- underwater).

-fun Volcano : Class ;

-fun Volcano_Class : SubClass Volcano LandForm ;

-

-fun VolcanoStatus : Class ;

-fun VolcanoStatus_Class : SubClass VolcanoStatus InternalAttribute ;

--- WarmFront is the class of transitional 

--- weather processes occurring between a warm air mass that is advancing 

--- upon a cool air mass.

-fun WarmFront : Class ;

-fun WarmFront_Class : SubClass WarmFront WeatherFront ;

-

-fun WaterBorneDiseaseIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- WaterCatchment is the subclass of 

--- Artifacts used to capture rainwater or runoff as a source 

--- of Freshwater.

-fun WaterCatchment : Class ;

-fun WaterCatchment_Class : SubClass WaterCatchment Artifact ;

-

--- WaterCurrent is a subclass of FlowRegions 

--- consisting of moving water, especially those currents found within a 

--- well_identified area and having an established pattern of movement, such 

--- as an OceanCurrent, a RipTide, or a River. WaterCurrent is 

--- disjoint with StaticWaterArea. As a consequence, Lakes for example 

--- cannot be FlowRegions, however, currents may be present in a lake.

-fun WaterCurrent : Class ;

-fun WaterCurrent_Class : SubClass WaterCurrent (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;

-

-

-fun WaterInfrastructureIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun WaterManagementIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- WaterOnlyArea is a subclass of 

--- GeographicArea that is restricted to regions whose surface is water. 

--- A WaterOnlyArea may be a discontinuous region overlapping a larger, 

--- continuous GeographicArea but excluding any LandAreas enclosed therein. 

--- Dry land areas, including islands, are not part of any WaterOnlyArea.

-fun WaterOnlyArea : Class ;

-fun WaterOnlyArea_Class : SubClass WaterOnlyArea GeographicArea ;

-

-fun WaterOverutilization : Class ;

-fun WaterOverutilization_Class : SubClass WaterOverutilization SocialInteraction ;

--- WaterPollution is the subclass 

--- of Pollution processes in which Water is the polluted substance.

-fun WaterPollution : Class ;

-fun WaterPollution_Class : SubClass WaterPollution Pollution ;

-

-fun WaterPollutionIssue : Ind EnvironmentalWaterIssue ;

-

--- Waterfall is the subclass of StreamWaterAreas where running water 

--- falls steeply downhill.

-fun Waterfall : Class ;

-fun Waterfall_Class : SubClass Waterfall StreamWaterArea ;

-

--- A WatershedDivide is a summit area, or 

--- narrow tract of higher ground that constitutes the watershed boundary 

--- between two adjacent drainage basins, it divides the surface waters that 

--- flow naturally in one direction from those that flow in the opposite 

--- direction.

-fun WatershedDivide : Class ;

-fun WatershedDivide_Class : SubClass WatershedDivide (both LandArea UplandArea) ;

-

-

-fun Waterspout : Class ;

-fun Waterspout_Class : SubClass Waterspout WeatherProcess ;

--- WeatherFront is the class of weather 

--- processes that are involve relationships between two air masses, such 

--- as a high pressure weather system or a low pressure system.

-fun WeatherFront : Class ;

-fun WeatherFront_Class : SubClass WeatherFront WeatherProcess ;

-

--- WeatherSeason is the class of seasonal 

--- processes that are characterized by various weather patterns. 

--- WeatherSeasons may recur on a regular annual basis, on a different 

--- pattern, or irregularly.

-fun WeatherSeason : Class ;

-fun WeatherSeason_Class : SubClass WeatherSeason WeatherProcess ;

-

--- WeatherSystem is the class of 

--- large_scale atmospheric processes that influence weather in a region 

--- for 2_5 days.

-fun WeatherSystem : Class ;

-fun WeatherSystem_Class : SubClass WeatherSystem WeatherProcess ;

-

-fun WesternAfrica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

-fun WesternEurope : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- The half of the Earth that includes North 

--- and South America.

-fun WesternHemisphere : Ind Hemisphere ;

-

-

-fun WesternSouthAmerica : Ind GeographicArea ;

-

--- WetTropicalClimateZone is 

--- the subclass of TropicalClimateZone that is characterized by having 

--- no dry months. At least 60 mm of rainfall occur in the driest month. 

--- This is subtype 'Af' in the Koeppen climate system.

-fun WetTropicalClimateZone : Class ;

-fun WetTropicalClimateZone_Class : SubClass WetTropicalClimateZone TropicalClimateZone ;

-

-fun WetlandDegradationIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

-fun WetlandsConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun WhalingConvention : Ind Agreement ;

-

-fun WildlifePoachingIssue : Ind EnvironmentalIssue ;

-

--- WindFlow is the class of variable AirStreams 

--- that are in the EarthsAtmosphere.

-fun WindFlow : Class ;

-fun WindFlow_Class : SubClass WindFlow AirStream ;

-

-fun WindProcess : Class ;

-fun WindProcess_Class : SubClass WindProcess WeatherProcess ;

-fun Windstorm : Class ;

-fun Windstorm_Class : SubClass Windstorm WindProcess ;

--- The WorldOcean is the collective mass of 

--- sea water that covers 70% of the surface of PlanetEarth, surrounding 

--- all of its dry land areas. Earth's individual Oceans are parts of 

--- the WorldOcean.

-fun WorldOcean : Ind (both SaltWaterArea BodyOfWater) ;

-

-

-fun Zud : Class ;

-fun Zud_Class : SubClass Zud WeatherProcess ;

--- (airTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the temperature of the 

--- air at ?AREA is ?TEMP. Temperature may be expressed in units of 

--- TemperatureMeasure, including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, 

--- among others.

-fun airTemperature : El Object -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (arableLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

--- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under 

--- cultivation with crops that are replanted after each harvest. ?AMOUNT 

--- may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

--- Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

-fun arableLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (averagePrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means 

--- that at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

--- ?PERIOD, the average daily precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

-fun averagePrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (averageRainfallForPeriod ?AREA ?MO ?AMOUNT)

--- means that ?AREA receives ?AMOUNT of rain in month ?MO in an average

--- year. Note that ?AMOUNT is a linear measure indicating the depth of water that

--- would accumulate over ?AREA if all water were captured.

-fun averageRainfallForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El Month -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (averageTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration 

--- ?PERIOD, the average daily temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature 

--- may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, including 

--- CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-fun averageTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (bioindicatorForHabitat ?AREA ?SPECIES) means that the health 

--- of the individuals in ?SPECIES indicates the condition of their 

--- habitat in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

-fun bioindicatorForHabitat: El GeographicArea -> Desc OrganicObject -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (claimedTerritory ?AREA ?POLITY) 

--- means that some right over the GeographicArea ?AREA is claimed by 

--- the Agent or GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY. If two politically independent 

--- states or agents claim the same area, that area is a 'disputed 

--- territory'.

-fun claimedTerritory : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (climateTypeInArea ?TYPE ?REGION) 

--- means that all or part of the GeographicArea ?REGION is of the 

--- ClimateZone ?TYPE.

-fun climateTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc ClimateZone -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

--- means that in the Region ?AREA, the fraction ?AMOUNT of the sky is 

--- covered with clouds.

-fun cloudCoverFraction : El Region -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (coldSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cold season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-fun coldSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (connectedDownstream ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 

--- means that ?OBJ1 is connected, remotely or immediately, with ?OBJ2 along 

--- a directed system such as a RiverSystem.

-fun connectedDownstream : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (coolSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the cool season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (coolSeasonInArea 

--- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October

-fun coolSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (courseWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

--- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

--- the reference point of 000 degrees North as measured by compass on 

--- or at ?OBJ1.

-fun courseWRTCompassNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (courseWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

--- heading from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING in AngularDegrees, with 

--- the reference point of 000 degrees being the magnetic North pole.

-fun courseWRTMagneticNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (courseWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEADING) means that the course 

--- heading or track from ?OBJ1 to ?OBJ2 is ?HEADING, in AngularDegrees, 

--- with the reference point of 000 degrees being true North.

-fun courseWRTTrueNorth : El Physical -> El Physical -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (dateOpenedForSignature ?PROP ?DATE) means that as of a date 

--- indicated by ?DATE, document(s) may officially be signed (by the 

--- appropriate agents) to effect commitments to the Agreement ?PROP.

-fun dateOpenedForSignature: El Proposition -> Desc TimePosition -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (daylightHoursInterval ?PLACE ?DAY ?INTERVAL) means that in the 

--- Region ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-fun daylightHoursInterval: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (daylightHoursTotal ?PLACE ?DAY ?TIME) means that in the Region 

--- ?PLACE, on the Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight for a 

--- total TimeDuration ?LENGTH.

-fun daylightHoursTotal: El Region -> Desc Day -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (dependentGeopoliticalArea 

--- ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is a geopolitical possession of the 

--- GeopoliticalArea ?AREA2 and is not a geopoliticalSubdivision of 

--- ?AREA2. For example, (dependentGeopoliticalArea Guam UnitedStates), 

--- because Guam is a territory of the UnitedStates, not one of the fifty 

--- U.S. states. Contrast primaryGeopoliticalSubdivision.

-fun dependentGeopoliticalArea : El GeographicArea -> El Agent -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (drySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the dry season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (drySeasonInArea 

--- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn May October)).

-fun drySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- The altitude of an object

--- above the sea level of PlanetEarth

-fun earthAltitude : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (elevation ?OBJECT ?HEIGHT) means that the 

--- physical Object ?OBJECT is located on the surface of PlanetEarth 

--- at the vertical distance ?HEIGHT above (or below, for a negative 

--- quantity) SeaLevel. ?OBJECT may be a superficialPart of Earth's 

--- surface, such as a GeographicArea. Elevation is measured from 

--- SeaLevel to the vertical top of the object.

-fun elevation : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (environmentalProblemTypeInArea ?AREA ?PROBLEM) means that 

--- objects or processes of type ?PROBLEM is an environmental 

--- problem in the GeographicArea ?AREA.

-fun environmentalProblemTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

-

-

--- The relation between WaterMotion Processes

--- and the region in which they occur continuously over at least hours, but

--- typically months or years. A water balloon bursting and flowing downhill

--- would not use this relation, because there would be no StreamWaterArea

--- to relate to.

-fun flowCurrent : El WaterMotion -> El WaterArea -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (groundSubsurfaceType ?area ?subsoil) 

--- means that the predominant Substance in the subsoil or subsurface layer of 

--- the LandArea ?area is of type ?subsoil.

-fun groundSubsurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (%&groundSurfaceType ?area ?substance) means 

--- that the predominant Substance at the ground surface of the LandArea ?area is ?substance.

-fun groundSurfaceType: El LandArea -> Desc Substance -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (headingWRTCompassNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

--- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

--- the direction ?DEGREE, according to the compass carried by ?OBJ.

-fun headingWRTCompassNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (headingWRTMagneticNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

--- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

--- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to magnetic North.

-fun headingWRTMagneticNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (headingWRTTrueNorth ?OBJ ?DEGREE) 

--- means that the front_to_back axis of the Object ?OBJ points in 

--- the direction ?DEGREE, with respect to true North.

-fun headingWRTTrueNorth : El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (highAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

--- blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

-fun highAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (highAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

--- Wind blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED 

--- and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

-fun highAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (highTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- there is a HighTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

--- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

--- the datum on a standard chart.

-fun highTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (highestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

--- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

--- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

--- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-fun highestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (hotSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the hot season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (hotSeasonInArea 

--- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

-fun hotSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (irrigatedLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) 

--- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has the ?AMOUNT of irrigated land. 

--- ?AMOUNT may be expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction.

-fun irrigatedLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (landAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

--- that the total area(s) of solid ground within the GeographicArea 

--- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of solid ground need 

--- not be continuous within the region.

-fun landAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (lowAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind blowing 

--- between 500_10,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE. Wind speed 

--- may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) or as any distance per 

--- time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)).

-fun lowAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (lowAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION) means that the 

--- low_altitude Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and comes 

--- from the compass point ?DIRECTION. Low_altitude wind is wind blowing 

--- between 500_10,000 feet.

-fun lowAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (lowTide ?PLACE ?TIME ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- there is a LowTide at the Region ?PLACE at the TimeInterval ?TIME 

--- with the relative height ?AMOUNT. The height is given in relation to 

--- the datum on a standard chart.

-fun lowTide : El Region -> El TimeInterval -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (lowestTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

--- the highest temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature may be expressed 

--- in some UnitOfTemperature, including CelsiusDegree and 

--- FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-fun lowestTemperatureForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (magneticVariation ?AREA ?DEGREE ?DIRECTION) means that in the 

--- GeographicArea ?AREA, the magnetic variation of a compass from 

--- 000 degrees true is ?DEGREE AngularDegrees in ?DIRECTION (East 

--- or West).

-fun magneticVariation : El GeographicArea -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (mapOfArea ?AREA ?POINTER) means that a map 

--- of the Region ?AREA can be found at the location ?POINTER.

-fun mapOfArea : El Region -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (maritimeClaimType ?POLITY ?TYPE) 

--- means that the GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY claims rights over a 

--- MaritimeClaimArea of ?TYPE.

-fun maritimeClaimType: El GeopoliticalArea -> Desc MaritimeClaimArea -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (meanSeaLevel ?place ?measure) means that the Mean Sea 

--- Level (MSL) at ?place is ?measure. ?measure is a distance representing the sea level 

--- at ?place measured against a benchmark (and averaged over a long time). MSL is measured 

--- by tide gauges for maritime purposes, while geodesists use the difference between the 

--- local sea surface and an ideal level ocean surface (the geoid).

-fun meanSeaLevel : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (mediumAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the Wind 

--- blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.

-fun mediumAltitudeWindSpeed : El Object -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (mediumAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

--- Wind blowing between 10,000_25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of 

--- ?SPEED and is moving toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.

-fun mediumAltitudeWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (naturalHazardTypeInArea ?AREA ?TYPE) means that in the 

--- GeographicArea ?AREA, Processes of ?TYPE occur with some 

--- frequency and may cause damage or danger to human lives and property.

-fun naturalHazardTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Physical -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (naturalResourceTypeInArea ?REGION ?TYPE) means that the 

--- GeographicArea ?REGION has resources of the kind ?TYPE.

-fun naturalResourceTypeInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc Object -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (objectGeographicCoordinates ?OBJECT ?LAT ?LONG) means that 

--- the Object ?OBJECT is found at the geographic coordinates 

--- ?LAT and ?LONG.

-fun objectGeographicCoordinates : El Object -> El Latitude -> El Longitude -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (oppositeDirection ?DIR1 ?DIR2) 

--- means that the PositionalAttribute ?DIR1 points in the compass 

--- direction opposite to the DirectionalAttribute ?DIR2.

-fun oppositeDirection : El PositionalAttribute -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (orbits ?SATELLITE ?FOCUS) means that the Object 

--- ?SATELLITE revolves around the AstronomicalBody ?FOCUS.

-fun orbits : El Object -> El AstronomicalBody -> Formula ;

-

-

--- This predicate is used to represent information from the CIA 

--- World Fact Book. (otherLandUseArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- in the GeographicArea ?REGION, the ?AMOUNT of land has some 

--- use other than planting seasonal or permanent crops. ?AMOUNT may be 

--- expressed in physical units or with a percent or fraction. See also 

--- arableLandArea and permanentLandArea.

-fun otherLandUseArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (overcastDaysInPeriod ?AREA ?PERIOD ?NUMBER) means that during the 

--- time ?PERIOD, the GeographicArea ?AREA experienced ?NUMBER of 

--- OvercastWeather days.

-fun overcastDaysInPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (partyToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) 

--- means that the Agent ?AGENT has committed to the agreement ?PROP.

-fun partyToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (permanentCropLandArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that the GeographicArea 

--- ?REGION has ?AMOUNT of land under cultivation with crops that are not 

--- replanted after each harvest. This includes orchards, vineyards, coffee 

--- and rubber plantations. Timberland is excluded. ?AMOUNT may be expressed 

--- in physical units or with a percent or fraction. Cf. permanentCropLandArea.

-fun permanentCropLandArea : El GeographicArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (precipitationAmount ?EVENT ?AMOUNT) means that in the 

--- Precipitation process ?EVENT, the quantity of precipitation 

--- that fell was ?AMOUNT.

-fun precipitationAmount : El Precipitation -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (precipitationRate ?EVENT ?RATE) means that in the 

--- Precipitation ?EVENT, the precipitation falls at a rate 

--- of ?RATE.

-fun precipitationRate : El Precipitation -> El FunctionQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (precipitationState ?EVENT ?STATE) means that in the Precipitation 

--- ?EVENT, the stuff falling is in the PhysicalState ?STATE (e.g., 

--- Liquid or Solid ice).

-fun precipitationState : El WeatherProcess -> El PhysicalState -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (rainySeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the rainy or wet season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL. For example, (rainySeasonInArea 

--- Angola (RecurringTimeIntervalFn November April)).

-fun rainySeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (regionalIssue ?AREA ?ISSUE) means 

--- that the AreaOfConcern ?ISSUE is relevant to a problem in the 

--- GeographicArea ?AREA.

-fun regionalIssue : El GeographicArea -> El AreaOfConcern -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (relativeBearing ?OBJ1?OBJ2 ?DEGREES) 

--- means that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are separated by the amount ?DEGREES of 

--- PlaneAngleMeasure.

-fun relativeBearing : El Object -> El Object -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (relativeHumidity ?AREA ?AMOUNT) 

--- means that the amount of moisture in the air at ?AREA is ?AMOUNT. 

--- Relative humidity expresses the amount of moisture as a percentage, 

--- or ratio, between the actual moisture saturation of the air compared 

--- to the potential moisture saturation of the air. At full (potential) 

--- saturation, precipitation would occur.

-fun relativeHumidity : El Object -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (seaSurfaceTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the 

--- temperature of the sea surface at ?AREA is ?TEMP. 

--- Temperature may be expressed in some UnitOfTemperature, 

--- including CelsiusDegree and FahrenheitDegree, among others.

-fun seaSurfaceTemperature : El WaterArea -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- The length of the boundary 

--- between two GeographicRegions.

-fun sharedBorderLength : El GeographicRegion -> El GeographicRegion -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (slopeGradient ?AREA ?SLOPE) means that 

--- in the LandArea ?AREA there is an incline of ?slope, where ?SLOPE is 

--- the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance. slopeGradient 

--- gives an approximate value for nonzero slope over ?AREA, without regard 

--- to orientation. For example, (slopeGradient ?AREA 0.10) means that 

--- there is a 10% incline across the area, without specifying the 

--- orientation in which the land rises or falls. Also see 

--- slopeGradientTowardsOrientation.

-fun slopeGradient : El LandArea -> El NonnegativeRealNumber -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (slopeGradientTowardsOrientation ?AREA ?DIRECTION ?SLOPE) means that 

--- in the LandArea ?AREA, there is an incline of ?SLOPE towards the 

--- DirectionalAttribute ?DIRECTION. ?SLOPE is a RationalNumber 

--- representing the percent of vertical rise over horizontal distance.

-fun slopeGradientTowardsOrientation : El LandArea -> El DirectionalAttribute -> El RationalNumber -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (streamOutfall ?WATER ?RIVER) means that 

--- the WaterArea ?MOUTH is the outfall of the River ?RIVER.

-fun streamOutfall : El WaterArea -> El River -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIRECTION) means that at ?PLACE 

--- the wind is coming from the compass point ?DIRECTION. For example, 

--- (surfaceWindDirection SanFranciscoBay Northwest) means that the 

--- wind in San Francisco Bay is coming from the Northwest. The wind is 

--- within 500 feet of Earth's surface.

-fun surfaceWindDirection : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) 

--- means that the speed of the surface Wind at the GeographicArea 

--- ?PLACE is ?RATE. Wind speed may be expressed in knots (KnotUnitOfSpeed) 

--- or as any distance per time unit (using (SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)). 

--- Surface wind is found at the surface of the planet, everyday wind. 

--- Technically, Winds moving through the atmosphere up to an altitude 

--- of 500 feet.

-fun surfaceWindSpeed : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the 

--- surface Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and is moving 

--- toward the DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD. Surface wind is found at the 

--- surface of the planet, everyday wind. Technically, Winds moving 

--- through the atmosphere up to an altitude of 500 feet.

-fun surfaceWindVelocity : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (terrainInArea ?AREA ?ATTRIBUTE) 

--- means that the GeographicArea ?AREA is or includes a region with 

--- the features of TerrainArea ?ATTRIBUTE.

-fun terrainInArea : El GeographicArea -> El TerrainAttribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (totalArea ?REGION ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- the total area of ?REGION is the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT.

-fun totalArea : El Region -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (totalBiomass ?PLACE ?MASS) means that the 

--- total amount (in weight or volume) of living matter in the Region 

--- ?PLACE is ?MASS.

-fun totalBiomass : El GeographicArea -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (totalCoastline ?AREA ?COASTLENGTH) 

--- means that the total length of all boundaries between the GeographicArea 

--- ?AREA and the ocean is the LengthMeasure ?COASTLENGTH. The coastline 

--- counted may be discontinuous and may even be along different oceans (as 

--- in Columbia). A totalCoastline of zero indicates a LandlockedArea. 

--- Note that only Ocean coastlines are counted, not any shores with inland 

--- waters.

-fun totalCoastline : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (totalLandBoundary ?REGION ?LENGTH) 

--- means that the GeographicArea ?REGION has a total LengthMeasure 

--- ?LENGTH of land boundaries between it and other countries. Note that 

--- the boundaries included in the total length may be discontinuous, as when 

--- interrupted by stretches of Seacoast.

-fun totalLandBoundary : El GeographicArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (totalPrecipitationForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that 

--- at the GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the TimeDuration ?PERIOD, 

--- the total amount of precipitation was ?AMOUNT.

-fun totalPrecipitationForPeriod : El GeographicArea -> El TimeDuration -> El ConstantQuantity -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement ?AGENT ?PROP) means that 

--- the Agent ?AGENT has signed a document to begin the process of 

--- committing to the Agreement ?PROP, but that a ratification 

--- process required to complete the commitment has not yet occurred.

-fun unratifiedSignatoryToAgreement : El Agent -> El Proposition -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (vegetationType ?area ?type) associates 

--- a particular GeographicArea with a type of Plant that is found there.

-fun vegetationType : El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (vegetationTypePattern ?AREA ?TYPE ?DENSITY) means that in the 

--- GeographicArea ?AREA the Plant ?TYPE is found with ?DENSITY.

-fun vegetationTypePattern: El GeographicArea -> Desc Plant -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (warmSeasonInArea ?AREA ?INTERVAL) 

--- means that in the GeographicArea ?AREA, the warm season occurs 

--- during the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.

-fun warmSeasonInArea: El GeographicArea -> Desc TimeInterval -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (waterAreaOnly ?REGION ?MEASURE) means 

--- that the total area(s) of surface water within the GeographicArea 

--- ?REGION has the AreaMeasure ?AMOUNT. The pieces of water need not be 

--- continuous within the region.

-fun waterAreaOnly : El GeographicArea -> El AreaMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (waterDepth ?AREA ?LENGTH) means that the 

--- depth of water at the Region ?AREA is ?LENGTH.

-fun waterDepth : El WaterArea -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;

-

-

--- (windRelativePosition ?OBJECT ?POSITION) means that the Wind blows 

--- at ?OBJECT from the relative vector ?POSITION. E.g., Crosswind, 

--- Headwind, Tailwind.

-fun windRelativePosition : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;

 }