changes in SUMO: formatting and fixes for lots of lots of small problems

author: krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se> 2010-06-06 11:06:44 +0000
committer: krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se> 2010-06-06 11:06:44 +0000
commit: 455d9558417a759fae3ccbe5cde5c9f5064a08d2 (patch)
tree: 29da2938fa553f993624fc4fcf781d742a8ae4e9 /examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
parent: ae79d4e4b2632b7b9ee9e5a24455d0ca41dc4387 (diff)
1 files changed, 6363 insertions, 6825 deletions
diff --git a/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf b/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
index d7035e6ac..37e2b708a 100644
--- a/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
+++ b/examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
@@ -1,6829 +1,6367 @@
--- # -path=.:englishExtended
 abstract Merge = Basic ** {
 
+  -- Any AnatomicalStructure which 
+  -- is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is 
+  -- the result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, 
+  -- goiters, etc.
+  fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+  fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AbnormalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+  -- This is a PositionalAttribute derived from the 
+  -- up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly 
+  -- above, i.e., if one object is Above another object, then the projections 
+  -- of the two objects overlap.
+  fun Above  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The value of (AbsoluteValueFn ?NUMBER) 
+  -- is the absolute value of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+  fun AbsoluteValueFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeRealNumber ;
+
+  -- Properties or qualities as distinguished from any 
+  -- particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. 
+  -- Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical 
+  -- objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular 
+  -- place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.
+  fun Abstract  : Class ;
+  fun Abstract_Class : SubClass Abstract Entity ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a Class into 
+  -- the instance of Attribute that specifies the condition(s) for membership 
+  -- in the Class.
+  fun AbstractionFn  : Class -> Ind Attribute ;
+
+  -- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
+  -- (AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical sum of these 
+  -- numbers.
+  fun AdditionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close 
+  -- to, near or abutting ?OBJ2. This PositionalAttribute covers the 
+  -- following common sense notions: adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, 
+  -- is juxtaposed, and is close to.
+  fun Adjacent  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- One of the parts of speech. The Class of 
+  -- Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.
+  fun Adjective  : Class ;
+  fun Adjective_Class : SubClass Adjective Word ;
+
+  -- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+  -- that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.
+  fun Adverb  : Class ;
+  fun Adverb_Class : SubClass Adverb Word ;
+
+  -- A Disseminating whose purpose is to 
+  -- promote the sale of an Object represented in a Text or Icon 
+  -- (the advertisement).
+  fun Advertising  : Class ;
+  fun Advertising_Class : SubClass Advertising Disseminating ;
+
+  -- A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the 
+  -- same age.
+  fun AgeGroup  : Class ;
+  fun AgeGroup_Class : SubClass AgeGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+  -- Something or someone that can act on its own and 
+  -- produce changes in the world.
+  fun Agent  : Class ;
+  fun Agent_Class : SubClass Agent Object ;
+
+  -- Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the 
+  -- atmosphere surrounding Earth.
+  fun Air  : Class ;
+  fun Air_Class : SubClass Air GasMixture ;
+
+  -- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
+  -- relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.
+  fun AlethicAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun AlethicAttribute_Class : SubClass AlethicAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+  -- A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, 
+  -- but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.
+  fun Alga  : Class ;
+  fun Alga_Class : SubClass Alga NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+  -- Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by 
+  -- means of the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one 
+  -- point to another.
+  fun Ambulating  : Class ;
+  fun Ambulating_Class : SubClass Ambulating (both BodyMotion Translocation) ;
+
+  -- SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is 
+  -- one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Ampere is 
+  -- that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel 
+  -- conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross_section, and 
+  -- placed 1 Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors 
+  -- a force equal to 2*10^(_7) Newton per Meter of length.
+  fun Ampere  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A cold_blooded, smooth_skinned Vertebrate 
+  -- which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by 
+  -- gills. When mature, the Amphibian breathes with Lungs.
+  fun Amphibian  : Class ;
+  fun Amphibian_Class : SubClass Amphibian ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+  -- Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of 
+  -- the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope.
+  fun Amu  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- A normal or pathological part 
+  -- of the anatomy or structural organization of an Organism. This 
+  -- class covers BodyParts, as well as structures that are given off 
+  -- by Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
+  fun AnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+  fun AnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnatomicalStructure OrganicObject ;
+
+  -- The value of an angle in a plane or in a 
+  -- solid.
+  fun AngleMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun AngleMeasure_Class : SubClass AngleMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- The Angstrom is a LengthMeasure. 
+  -- 1 Angstrom = 10^(_10) m
+  fun Angstrom  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- A plane angle measure.
+  fun AngularDegree  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+  -- Attributes that indicate whether an 
+  -- Organism is alive or not.
+  fun AnimacyAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun AnimacyAttribute_Class : SubClass AnimacyAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- An Organism with eukaryotic Cells, and lacking 
+  -- stiff cell walls, plastids, and photosynthetic pigments.
+  fun Animal  : Class ;
+  fun Animal_Organism  : SubClassC Animal Organism (\ANIMAL -> and (forall AnimalSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var AnimalSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL))) (forall AnimalAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var AnimalAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL)))) ;
+
+  -- AnatomicalStructures that 
+  -- are possessed exclusively by Animals.
+  fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+  fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnimalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Languages used by 
+  -- Animals other than Humans.
+  fun AnimalLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun AnimalLanguage_Class : SubClass AnimalLanguage Language ;
+
+  -- BodySubstances that are produced 
+  -- exclusively by Animals.
+  fun AnimalSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun AnimalSubstance_Class : SubClass AnimalSubstance BodySubstance ;
+
+  -- AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute is the class of 
+  -- PositionalAttribute that hold in only one direction. I.e. two objects cannot
+  -- simulataneously be On each other.
+  fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Various Primates with no tails or only short 
+  -- tails.
+  fun Ape  : Class ;
+  fun Ape_Class : SubClass Ape Primate ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are April.
+  fun April  : Class ;
+  fun April_Class : SubClass April Month ;
+
+  -- The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly 
+  -- in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses.
+  fun AquaticMammal  : Class ;
+  fun AquaticMammal_Class : SubClass AquaticMammal Mammal ;
+
+  -- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
+  -- ticks and spiders.
+  fun Arachnid  : Class ;
+  fun Arachnid_Class : SubClass Arachnid Arthropod ;
+
+  -- Measures of the amount of space in two 
+  -- dimensions.
+  fun AreaMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun AreaMeasure_Class : SubClass AreaMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- Any proposition which has the form of a deductive 
+  -- or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply 
+  -- a conclusion.
+  fun Argument  : Class ;
+  fun Argument_Class : SubClass Argument Proposition ;
+
+  -- Artifacts that are created primarily for 
+  -- aesthetic appreciation. Note that this Class does not include 
+  -- most examples of architecture, which belong under StationaryArtifact.
+  fun ArtWork  : Class ;
+  fun ArtWork_Class : SubClass ArtWork Artifact ;
+
+  -- A Class of Invertebrate that includes 
+  -- Arachnids and Insects.
+  fun Arthropod  : Class ;
+  fun Arthropod_Class : SubClass Arthropod Invertebrate ;
+
+  -- A relatively short Text that either is unbound or is 
+  -- bound with other Articles in a Book.
+  fun Article  : Class ;
+  fun Article_Class : SubClass Article Text ;
+
+  -- A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a 
+  -- Making.
+  fun Artifact  : Class ;
+  fun Artifact_Class : SubClass Artifact CorpuscularObject ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Languages that are 
+  -- designed by Humans.
+  fun ArtificialLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun ArtificialLanguage_Class : SubClass ArtificialLanguage Language ;
+
+  -- Asexual Processes of biological 
+  -- reproduction.
+  fun AsexualReproduction  : Class ;
+  fun AsexualReproduction_Class : SubClass AsexualReproduction Replication ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
+  -- sleeping.
+  fun Asleep  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all astronomical 
+  -- objects of significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects 
+  -- like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as Collections like 
+  -- nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth 
+  -- is an AstronomicalBody, but every Region of Earth is a 
+  -- GeographicArea.
+  fun AstronomicalBody  : Class ;
+  fun AstronomicalBody_Class : SubClass AstronomicalBody Region ;
+
+  -- An extremely small unit of matter that retains its 
+  -- identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an AtomicNucleus and 
+  -- Electrons surrounding the AtomicNucleus.
+  fun Atom  : Class ;
+  fun Atom_Class : SubClass Atom ElementalSubstance ;
+
+  -- MassMeasure that is also known as the gram_atom. 
+  -- Defined as the mass in grams of 1 Mole of pure substance. For example, 
+  -- 1 AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 AtomGrams 
+  -- of the same substance will be 24 Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in 
+  -- that it is essentially 1 Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the 
+  -- actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance.
+  fun AtomGram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- The core of the Atom. It is composed of 
+  -- Protons and Neutrons.
+  fun AtomicNucleus  : Class ;
+  fun AtomicNucleus_Class : SubClass AtomicNucleus SubatomicParticle ;
+
+  -- A Process where one Object becomes attached 
+  -- to another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two 
+  -- things which are attached may already be in the same location. Note that 
+  -- Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to 
+  -- Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too 
+  -- that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the 
+  -- two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location 
+  -- where they were combined.
+  fun Attaching  : Class ;
+  fun Attaching_Class : SubClass Attaching DualObjectProcess ;
+
+  -- A Device whose purpose is to attach one thing 
+  -- to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc.
+  fun AttachingDevice  : Class ;
+  fun AttachingDevice_Class : SubClass AttachingDevice Device ;
+
+  -- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the 
+  -- agent attempts to inflict damage on the patient.
+  fun Attack  : Class ;
+  fun Attack_Class : SubClass Attack Maneuver ;
+
+  -- Qualities which we cannot or choose not to 
+  -- reify into subclasses of Object.
+  fun Attribute  : Class ;
+  fun Attribute_Class : SubClass Attribute Abstract ;
+
+  -- A sound level capable of being heard by a Human.
+  fun Audible  : Ind SoundAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are August.
+  fun August  : Class ;
+  fun August_Class : SubClass August Month ;
+
+  -- The class of PhysiologicProcesses of 
+  -- which there is not conscious awareness and control.
+  fun AutonomicProcess  : Class ;
+  fun AutonomicProcess_Class : SubClass AutonomicProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
+  -- neither Unconscious nor Asleep.
+  fun Awake  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
+  -- that is opposite the FrontFn of the Object. Note that this is a 
+  -- partial function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples 
+  -- and spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
+  -- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
+  -- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
+  -- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
+  -- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
+  fun BackFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+  -- A small, typically one_celled, prokaryotic 
+  -- Microorganism.
+  fun Bacterium  : Class ;
+  fun Bacterium_Class : SubClass Bacterium Microorganism ;
+
+  -- A ViolentContest between two or more military 
+  -- units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the 
+  -- metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some 
+  -- sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of 
+  -- Contest.
+  fun Battle  : Class ;
+  fun Battle_Class : SubClass Battle ViolentContest ;
+
+  -- SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures 
+  -- the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is 
+  -- that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic 
+  -- disintegration per SecondDuration. Becquerel = s^(_1).
+  fun Becquerel  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
+  -- the TimePoint at which the interval begins.
+  fun BeginFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
+  -- to the GraphNode that is the beginning of the GraphPath. Note that, 
+  -- unlike InitialNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
+  -- BeginNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a beginning.
+  fun BeginNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+  -- A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief 
+  -- or set of beliefs.
+  fun BeliefGroup  : Class ;
+  fun BeliefGroup_Class : SubClass BeliefGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+  -- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+  -- up/down schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means 
+  -- directly below, i.e., if one object is Below another object, then the 
+  -- projections of the two objects overlap.
+  fun Below  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A FinancialTransaction where an instance of 
+  -- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger 
+  -- instance of CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of 
+  -- Game.
+  fun Betting  : Class ;
+  fun Betting_Class : SubClass Betting FinancialTransaction ;
+
+  -- Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. 
+  -- Note that this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food, 
+  -- i.e. Meat and FruitOrVegetable.
+  fun Beverage  : Class ;
+  fun Beverage_Class : SubClass Beverage Food ;
+
+  -- Elements from the number system with base 2. 
+  -- Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.
+  fun BinaryNumber  : Class ;
+  fun BinaryNumber_Class : SubClass BinaryNumber RealNumber ;
+
+  -- Attributes that apply specifically 
+  -- to instances of Organism.
+  fun BiologicalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun BiologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass BiologicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Process embodied in an Organism.
+  fun BiologicalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun BiologicalProcess_Class : SubClass BiologicalProcess InternalChange ;
+
+  -- A Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an 
+  -- Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, 
+  -- diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. 
+  -- This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body 
+  -- and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance 
+  -- includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special 
+  -- handling because of their toxicity.
+  fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance_Class : SubClass BiologicallyActiveSubstance Substance ;
+
+  -- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
+  -- and characterized by the presence of feathers.
+  fun Bird  : Class ;
+  fun Bird_Class : SubClass Bird WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+  -- The Process of being born.
+  fun Birth  : Class ;
+  fun Birth_Class : SubClass Birth OrganismProcess ;
+
+  -- One Bit of information. A one or a zero.
+  fun Bit  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of being black in color.
+  fun Black  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+  -- A fluid present in Animals that transports 
+  -- Nutrients to and waste products away from various BodyParts.
+  fun Blood  : Class ;
+  fun Blood_Class : SubClass Blood BodySubstance ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of being blue in color.
+  fun Blue  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+  -- Any BodyPart which contains an unfilled space, 
+  -- e.g. BodyVessels, the atria and ventricles of the heart, the lungs, etc.
+  fun BodyCavity  : Class ;
+  fun BodyCavity_Class : SubClass BodyCavity BodyPart ;
+
+  -- Any BodyPart which is a covering of another 
+  -- BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of 
+  -- FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals.
+  fun BodyCovering  : Class ;
+  fun BodyCovering_Class : SubClass BodyCovering BodyPart ;
+
+  -- The place where two BodyParts 
+  -- meet or connect.
+  fun BodyJunction  : Class ;
+  fun BodyJunction_Class : SubClass BodyJunction BodyPart ;
+
+  -- Any Motion where the agent is an Organism 
+  -- and the patient is a BodyPart.
+  fun BodyMotion  : Class ;
+  fun BodyMotion_Class : SubClass BodyMotion Motion ;
+
+  -- A collection of Cells and Tissues which 
+  -- are localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not 
+  -- pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures 
+  -- to small components of complex Organs.
+  fun BodyPart  : Class ;
+  fun BodyPart_Class : SubClass BodyPart AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+  -- The class of Attributes expressing 
+  -- configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans, 
+  -- e.g. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc.
+  fun BodyPosition  : Class ;
+  fun BodyPosition_Class : SubClass BodyPosition BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Extracellular material and mixtures of 
+  -- cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted 
+  -- by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental 
+  -- enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid.
+  fun BodySubstance  : Class ;
+  fun BodySubstance_Class : SubClass BodySubstance Substance ;
+
+  -- Any tube_like structure which occurs naturally in 
+  -- an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate.
+  fun BodyVessel  : Class ;
+  fun BodyVessel_Class : SubClass BodyVessel BodyCavity ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where a Substance is 
+  -- heated and converted from a Liquid to a Gas.
+  fun Boiling  : Class ;
+  fun Boiling_Class : SubClass Boiling StateChange ;
+
+  -- Rigid Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up 
+  -- the skeleton of Vertebrates. Note that this Class also includes teeth.
+  fun Bone  : Class ;
+  fun Bone_Class : SubClass Bone (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
+
+  -- A Text that has pages and is bound.
+  fun Book  : Class ;
+  fun Book_Class : SubClass Book Text ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Getting Processes where 
+  -- the agent gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation 
+  -- that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).
+  fun Borrowing  : Class ;
+  fun Borrowing_Class : SubClass Borrowing Getting ;
+
+  -- The Process of respiration, by which oxygen 
+  -- is made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, 
+  -- exhalation, and alternations between the two.
+  fun Breathing  : Class ;
+  fun Breathing_Class : SubClass Breathing (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
+
+  -- An energy measure.
+  fun BritishThermalUnit  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are 
+  -- intended to house Humans and their activities.
+  fun Building  : Class ;
+  fun Building_Class : SubClass Building StationaryArtifact ;
+
+  -- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
+  -- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.
+  fun Buying  : Class ;
+  fun Buying_Class : SubClass Buying FinancialTransaction ;
+
+  -- One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits.
+  fun Byte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+  -- IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve 
+  -- the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.
+  fun Calculating  : Class ;
+  fun Calculating_Class : SubClass Calculating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- A Calorie is an energy measure.
+  fun Calorie  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. 
+  -- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
+  -- follows: the Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, 
+  -- of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 
+  -- Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 
+  -- Watt per Steradian.
+  fun Candela  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of Carnivores with completely 
+  -- separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles.
+  fun Canine  : Class ;
+  fun Canine_Class : SubClass Canine Carnivore ;
+
+  -- An element of living cells and a source of 
+  -- energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates, 
+  -- i.e. sugars, and complex Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.
+  fun Carbohydrate  : Class ;
+  fun Carbohydrate_Class : SubClass Carbohydrate Nutrient ;
+
+  fun CardinalityFn  : El (either SetOrClass Collection) -> Ind Number ;
+
+  -- The Class of flesh_eating Mammals. Members 
+  -- of this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes 
+  -- cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks.
+  fun Carnivore  : Class ;
+  fun Carnivore_Class : SubClass Carnivore Mammal ;
+
+  -- Transfer from one point to another by means of 
+  -- an Animal or Human.
+  fun Carrying  : Class ;
+  fun Carrying_Class : SubClass Carrying Transfer ;
+
+  -- (CeilingFn ?NUMBER) returns the smallest 
+  -- Integer greater than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+  fun CeilingFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- The fundamental structural and functional unit of 
+  -- living Organisms.
+  fun Cell  : Class ;
+  fun Cell_Class : SubClass Cell BodyPart ;
+
+  -- A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point 
+  -- and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 
+  -- CelsiusDegrees.
+  fun CelsiusDegree  : Ind (both TemperatureMeasure UnitOfMeasure) ;
+
+  -- (CenterOfCircleFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the 
+  -- GeometricPoint that is the center of the Circle ?CIRCLE.
+  fun CenterOfCircleFn  : El Circle -> Ind GeometricPoint ;
+
+  -- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is 
+  -- the 100th part of a Meter
+  fun Centimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+  -- midwestern United States.
+  fun CentralTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+  -- A Text that confers a right or obligation 
+  -- on the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation 
+  -- need not be a legal one, as in the case of an academic diploma that grants 
+  -- certain privileges in the professional world.
+  fun Certificate  : Class ;
+  fun Certificate_Class : SubClass Certificate Text ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where 
+  -- ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another.
+  fun ChangeOfPossession  : Class ;
+  fun ChangeOfPossession_Class : SubClass ChangeOfPossession SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. 
+  -- Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character 
+  -- is a subclass of SymbolicString, because every instance of Character is 
+  -- an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.
+  fun Character  : Class ;
+  fun Character_Class : SubClass Character SymbolicString ;
+
+  -- The Class of ChemicalProcesses 
+  -- in which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.
+  fun ChemicalDecomposition  : Class ;
+  fun ChemicalDecomposition_Class : SubClass ChemicalDecomposition (both ChemicalProcess Separating) ;
+
+  -- A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever 
+  -- chemical compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. 
+  -- For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products 
+  -- appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical 
+  -- reaction takes place. Catalysts in a ChemicalProcess may speed up the 
+  -- reaction, but aren't themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of 
+  -- iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to 
+  -- gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.
+  fun ChemicalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun ChemicalProcess_Class : SubClass ChemicalProcess InternalChange ;
+
+  -- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in 
+  -- which a CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.
+  fun ChemicalSynthesis  : Class ;
+  fun ChemicalSynthesis_Class : SubClass ChemicalSynthesis (both ChemicalProcess Combining) ;
+
+  -- The class of Ovals such that all GeometricPoints 
+  -- that make up the Circle are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, 
+  -- known as the center of the Circle.
+  fun Circle  : Class ;
+  fun Circle_Class : SubClass Circle Oval ;
+
+  -- A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited 
+  -- by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. 
+  -- Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements 
+  -- like towns, villages, hamlets, etc.
+  fun City  : Class ;
+  fun City_Class : SubClass City (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+  -- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. 
+  -- Note that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact 
+  -- that the latter covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any 
+  -- Proposition, while the former involves the assignment of a label 
+  -- or category.
+  fun Classifying  : Class ;
+  fun Classifying_Class : SubClass Classifying IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- Any TwoDimensionalFigure which 
+  -- has a well defined interior and exterior.
+  fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+  fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+  -- Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other 
+  -- materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans.
+  fun Clothing  : Class ;
+  fun Clothing_Class : SubClass Clothing WearableItem ;
+
+  -- Any GasMixture that is visible, e.g. Smoke produced 
+  -- by a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.
+  fun Cloud  : Class ;
+  fun Cloud_Class : SubClass Cloud GasMixture ;
+
+  -- A SentientAgent with responsibilities 
+  -- and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is 
+  -- essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although 
+  -- Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of 
+  -- CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, 
+  -- chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials 
+  -- (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.
+  fun CognitiveAgent  : Class ;
+  fun CognitiveAgent_Class : SubClass CognitiveAgent SentientAgent ;
+
+  -- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
+  -- is not internally regulated.
+  fun ColdBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
+  fun ColdBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass ColdBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
+
+  -- Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, 
+  -- they have a position in space_time and members can be 
+  -- added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the 
+  -- Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks 
+  -- of sheep.
+  fun Collection  : Class ;
+  fun Collection_Class : SubClass Collection Object ;
+
+  -- The Class of Attributes relating to the 
+  -- color of Objects.
+  fun ColorAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun ColorAttribute_Class : SubClass ColorAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The subclass of SurfaceChange where a 
+  -- ColorAttribute of the patient is altered. Note that the change in
+  -- color may apply to just part of the object.
+  fun Coloring  : Class ;
+  fun Coloring_Class : SubClass Coloring SurfaceChange ;
+
+  -- A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects 
+  -- are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining 
+  -- is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects 
+  -- being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects 
+  -- being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different 
+  -- from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or 
+  -- may not be moved from the location where they were combined.
+  fun Combining  : Class ;
+  fun Combining_Class : SubClass Combining DualObjectProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an Object 
+  -- reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in which 
+  -- something is burning.
+  fun Combustion  : Class ;
+  fun Combustion_Class : SubClass Combustion ChemicalDecomposition ;
+
+  -- An Agent that provides products and/or 
+  -- services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.
+  fun CommercialAgent  : Class ;
+  fun CommercialAgent_Class : SubClass CommercialAgent Agent ;
+
+  -- Any FinancialTransaction by a 
+  -- CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.
+  fun CommercialService  : Class ;
+  fun CommercialService_Class : SubClass CommercialService (both FinancialTransaction ServiceProcess) ;
+
+  -- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some 
+  -- future course. For example, Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.
+  fun Committing  : Class ;
+  fun Committing_Class : SubClass Committing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+  -- A SocialInteraction that involves 
+  -- the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. 
+  -- Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially 
+  -- different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation 
+  -- or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is 
+  -- the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message.
+  fun Communication  : Class ;
+  fun Communication_Class : SubClass Communication (both ContentBearingProcess SocialInteraction) ;
+
+  -- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of 
+  -- two or more Entities.
+  fun Comparing  : Class ;
+  fun Comparing_Class : SubClass Comparing (both DualObjectProcess IntentionalPsychologicalProcess) ;
+
+  -- The complement of a given SetOrClass C is the 
+  -- SetOrClass of all things that are not instances of C. In other words, an 
+  -- object is an instance of the complement of a SetOrClass C just in case it 
+  -- is not an instance of C.
+  fun ComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A Number that has the form: x + yi, where x 
+  -- and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of _1.
+  fun ComplexNumber  : Class ;
+  fun ComplexNumber_Class : SubClass ComplexNumber Number ;
+
+  -- Instances
+  -- of this Class are UnitsOfMeasure defined by the functional
+  -- composition of other units, each of which might be a
+  -- CompositeUnitOfMeasure or a NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure.
+  fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass CompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of Substances that contain 
+  -- two or more elements (ElementalSubstances), in definite proportion by weight. 
+  -- The composition of a pure compound will be invariant, regardless of the method 
+  -- of preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element). 
+  -- The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still 
+  -- retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt (sodium 
+  -- chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), and water (H_2O).
+  fun CompoundSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun CompoundSubstance_Class : SubClass CompoundSubstance PureSubstance ;
+
+  -- The class of Languages designed for 
+  -- and interpreted by a computer.
+  fun ComputerLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun ComputerLanguage_Class : SubClass ComputerLanguage ArtificialLanguage ;
+
+  -- A set of instructions in a computer 
+  -- programming language that can be executed by a computer.
+  fun ComputerProgram  : Class ;
+  fun ComputerProgram_Class : SubClass ComputerProgram Procedure ;
+
+  -- The process of developing a 
+  -- ComputerProgram
+  fun ComputerProgramming  : Class ;
+  fun ComputerProgramming_Class : SubClass ComputerProgramming ContentDevelopment ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+  -- cooled and converted from a Gas to a Liquid.
+  fun Condensing  : Class ;
+  fun Condensing_Class : SubClass Condensing StateChange ;
+
+  -- The Class of Keeping Processes where the 
+  -- patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers 
+  -- caging, imprisonment, jailing, etc.
+  fun Confining  : Class ;
+  fun Confining_Class : SubClass Confining Keeping ;
+
+  -- Attributes that indicate whether 
+  -- an Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of 
+  -- an Organism.
+  fun ConsciousnessAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun ConsciousnessAttribute_Class : SubClass ConsciousnessAttribute StateOfMind ;
+
+  -- A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 
+  -- 3 Meters and 5 HourDurations. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every
+  -- ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantity is
+  -- distinguished from FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the
+  -- latter is formed through the mapping of one PhysicalQuantity to
+  -- another PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of ConstantQuantity is
+  -- expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a
+  -- Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters
+  -- is expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). Instances of
+  -- ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see
+  -- PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since
+  -- lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is
+  -- defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a
+  -- total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class
+  -- ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of
+  -- ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to
+  -- elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity
+  -- (such as mass quantities).
+  fun ConstantQuantity  : Class ;
+  fun ConstantQuantity_Class : SubClass ConstantQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+  -- An ConstructedLanguage is a 
+  -- HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language
+  -- community, but rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by 
+  -- one or more language experts, often with an aim to produce a more 
+  -- grammatically regular language than any language that has evolved 
+  -- naturally. This Class includes languages like Esperanto that were 
+  -- created to facilitate international communication
+  fun ConstructedLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun ConstructedLanguage_Class : SubClass ConstructedLanguage (both ArtificialLanguage HumanLanguage) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Making in which a 
+  -- StationaryArtifact is built.
+  fun Constructing  : Class ;
+  fun Constructing_Class : SubClass Constructing Making ;
+
+  -- Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses 
+  -- content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject 
+  -- is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or 
+  -- physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.
+  fun ContentBearingObject  : Class ;
+  fun ContentBearingObject_Class : SubClass ContentBearingObject (both ContentBearingPhysical CorpuscularObject) ;
+
+  -- Any Object or Process that
+  -- expresses content. This covers Objects that contain a Proposition,
+  -- such as a book, as well as ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly
+  -- contain a Proposition.
+  fun ContentBearingPhysical  : Class ;
+  fun ContentBearingPhysical_Class : SubClass ContentBearingPhysical Physical ;
+
+  -- Any Process, for example 
+  -- ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition.
+  fun ContentBearingProcess  : Class ;
+  fun ContentBearingProcess_Class : SubClass ContentBearingProcess ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+  -- A subclass of IntentionalProcess in 
+  -- which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.
+  fun ContentDevelopment  : Class ;
+  fun ContentDevelopment_Class : SubClass ContentDevelopment IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- A SocialInteraction where the agent and 
+  -- patient are CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. 
+  -- Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural 
+  -- language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or 
+  -- sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment.
+  fun Contest  : Class ;
+  fun Contest_Class : SubClass Contest SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- A Class containing Attributes that are 
+  -- specific to participants in a Contest. In particular, these Attributes 
+  -- indicate the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect 
+  -- to other agent(s) in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes 
+  -- are winning, losing, won, lost, etc.
+  fun ContestAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun ContestAttribute_Class : SubClass ContestAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+  -- As defined in the CIA World Fact Book, 
+  -- Continent covers seven land masses: Africa, NorthAmerica, 
+  -- SouthAmerica, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. 
+  -- Note that Australia, counted as a continent in some other systems, 
+  -- is included in Oceania in the Fact Book. As a consequence, there 
+  -- is no Nation which is also a Continent.
+  fun Continent  : Class ;
+  fun Continent_Class : SubClass Continent LandArea ;
+
+  -- The Making of an instance of Food. Note 
+  -- that this can cover any preparation of Food, e.g. making a salad, 
+  -- cutting up fruit, etc. It does not necessarily involve the application 
+  -- of heat.
+  fun Cooking  : Class ;
+  fun Cooking_Class : SubClass Cooking Making ;
+
+  -- Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
+  -- decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.
+  fun Cooling  : Class ;
+  fun Cooling_Class : SubClass Cooling Decreasing ;
+
+  -- The subclass of SocialInteraction where 
+  -- the participants involved work together for the achievement of a common 
+  -- goal.
+  fun Cooperation  : Class ;
+  fun Cooperation_Class : SubClass Cooperation SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- A TimeZone which functions 
+  -- as the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military), 
+  -- Greenwich Mean Time, and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever 
+  -- a TimeZone is not specified, the TimePosition is understood to be with 
+  -- respect to the CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.
+  fun CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+  -- An Organization that has a special legal status 
+  -- that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates 
+  -- the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the 
+  -- corporation's operation.
+  fun Corporation  : Class ;
+  fun Corporation_Class : SubClass Corporation (both CommercialAgent Organization) ;
+
+  -- A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have 
+  -- properties that are not shared by the whole.
+  fun CorpuscularObject  : Class ;
+  fun CorpuscularObject_Class : SubClass CorpuscularObject SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+  -- (CosineFn ?DEGREE) returns the cosine of the 
+  -- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The cosine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the 
+  -- side next to ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
+  fun CosineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is 
+  -- the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of 
+  -- a conductor in an electric circuit during each SecondDuration by a 
+  -- current of 1 Ampere. Coulomb = s*A.
+  fun Coulomb  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating 
+  -- Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the 
+  -- patient.
+  fun Counting  : Class ;
+  fun Counting_Class : SubClass Counting Calculating ;
+
+  -- A GeopoliticalArea that is larger than a city, 
+  -- usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a StateOrProvince. 
+  -- Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is 
+  -- known by various names in various counties, e.g. parrish, commune, etc.
+  fun County  : Class ;
+  fun County_Class : SubClass County (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+  -- The Class of Putting processes where the agent 
+  -- covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something 
+  -- else.
+  fun Covering  : Class ;
+  fun Covering_Class : SubClass Covering Putting ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Process in which 
+  -- something is created. Note that the thing created is specified 
+  -- with the result CaseRole.
+  fun Creation  : Class ;
+  fun Creation_Class : SubClass Creation InternalChange ;
+
+  -- A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells 
+  -- in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes 
+  -- lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles.
+  fun Crustacean  : Class ;
+  fun Crustacean_Class : SubClass Crustacean Arthropod ;
+
+  -- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Pint.
+  fun Cup  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- Any element of the official currrency of some 
+  -- Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.
+  fun Currency  : Class ;
+  fun Currency_Class : SubClass Currency FinancialInstrument ;
+
+  -- Instances of this
+  -- subclass of ConstantQuantity are measures of monetaryValue
+  -- stated in terms of some UnitOfCurrency such as UnitedStatesDollar,
+  -- UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc.
+  fun CurrencyMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun CurrencyMeasure_Class : SubClass CurrencyMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph the 
+  -- Class of GraphPaths that partition the graph into two separate 
+  -- graphs if cut. There may be more than one cutset for a given graph.
+  fun CutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Poking Processes which 
+  -- involve a sharp instrument.
+  fun Cutting  : Class ;
+  fun Cutting_Class : SubClass Cutting Poking ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where the agent brings about a situation
+  -- where the patient no longer functions normally or as intended.
+  fun Damaging  : Class ;
+  fun Damaging_Class : SubClass Damaging InternalChange ;
+
+  -- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
+  -- Object contains some Liquid.
+  fun Damp  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any BodyMotion of Humans which is deliberately coordinated with music.
+  fun Dancing  : Class ;
+  fun Dancing_Class : SubClass Dancing BodyMotion ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Days.
+  fun Day  : Class ;
+  fun Day_Class : SubClass Day TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.
+  fun DayDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+  -- a subclass of Months to the Days within each Month corresponding to that 
+  -- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (DayFn 16 August) is the Class of all 
+  -- sixteenth days of August. For another example, (DayFn 9 Month) would return 
+  -- the class of all ninth days of any month. For still another example, (DayFn 18 
+  -- (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))) denotes the 18th day of August 1912.
+  fun DayFn : El PositiveInteger -> Desc Month -> Desc Day ;
+
+  -- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
+  -- not alive.
+  fun Dead  : Ind (both AnimacyAttribute ConsciousnessAttribute) ;
+
+  -- The Process of dying.
+  fun Death  : Class ;
+  fun Death_Class : SubClass Death OrganismProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are December.
+  fun December  : Class ;
+  fun December_Class : SubClass December Month ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Selecting where the agent 
+  -- opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities 
+  -- that are open to him/her.
+  fun Deciding  : Class ;
+  fun Deciding_Class : SubClass Deciding Selecting ;
+
+  -- The Class of LinguisticCommunications that 
+  -- effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. 
+  -- Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating.
+  fun Declaring  : Class ;
+  fun Declaring_Class : SubClass Declaring LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+  -- Converting a document or message that has previously 
+  -- been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a 
+  -- relatively large number of speakers.
+  fun Decoding  : Class ;
+  fun Decoding_Class : SubClass Decoding Writing ;
+
+  -- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is decreased.
+  fun Decreasing  : Class ;
+  fun Decreasing_Class : SubClass Decreasing QuantityChange ;
+
+  -- An Argument which has the form of a deduction, i.e. 
+  -- it is claimed that the set of premises entails the conclusion.
+  fun DeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+  fun DeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass DeductiveArgument Argument ;
+
+  -- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest 
+  -- where the agent attempts to avoid being damaged.
+  fun DefensiveManeuver  : Class ;
+  fun DefensiveManeuver_Class : SubClass DefensiveManeuver Maneuver ;
+
+  -- Exhibiting something or a range of things 
+  -- before the public in a particular location. This would cover software 
+  -- demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum 
+  -- exhibitions, etc.
+  fun Demonstrating  : Class ;
+  fun Demonstrating_Class : SubClass Demonstrating Disseminating ;
+
+  -- (DenominatorFn ?NUMBER) returns the 
+  -- denominator of the canonical reduced form of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+  fun DenominatorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- DensityFn maps an instance of MassMeasure 
+  -- and an instance of VolumeMeasure to the density represented by this 
+  -- proportion of mass and volume. For example, (DensityFn (MeasureFn 3 Gram) 
+  -- (MeasureFn 1 Liter)) represents the density of 3 grams per liter.
+  fun DensityFn  : El MassMeasure -> El VolumeMeasure -> Ind FunctionQuantity;
+
+  -- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
+  -- relating to the notions of permission, obligation, and prohibition.
+  fun DeonticAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun DeonticAttribute_Class : SubClass DeonticAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+  -- The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a 
+  -- Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects 
+  -- with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to 
+  -- satisfy a particular purpose.
+  fun Designing  : Class ;
+  fun Designing_Class : SubClass Designing IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Damagings in which the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. 
+  -- Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass is solely one of extent.
+  fun Destruction  : Class ;
+  fun Destruction_Class : SubClass Destruction Damaging ;
+
+  -- A Process where the agent detaches one thing 
+  -- from something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating 
+  -- in that the latter applies to Substances, while the former applies to 
+  -- CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Detaching is different from 
+  -- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are detached may or 
+  -- may not be moved from the location where they were attached.
+  fun Detaching  : Class ;
+  fun Detaching_Class : SubClass Detaching DualObjectProcess ;
+
+  -- Attributes that indicate the stage of development of an Organism.
+  fun DevelopmentalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun DevelopmentalAttribute_Class : SubClass DevelopmentalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to 
+  -- serve as an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.
+  fun Device  : Class ;
+  fun Device_Class : SubClass Device Artifact ;
+
+  -- A Process that is carried out for 
+  -- the purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
+  fun DiagnosticProcess  : Class ;
+  fun DiagnosticProcess_Class : SubClass DiagnosticProcess Investigating ;
+
+  -- The Process by which Food that has been ingested is broken down
+  -- into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by the Organism.
+  fun Digesting  : Class ;
+  fun Digesting_Class : SubClass Digesting (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
+
+
+  -- The Class of directed graphs. A directed graph is a Graph in which all GraphArcs
+  -- have direction, i.e. every GraphArc has an initial node (see 
+  -- InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
+  fun DirectedGraph  : Class ;
+  fun DirectedGraph_Class : SubClass DirectedGraph Graph ;
+
+  -- Instances of this Class urge some further action 
+  -- among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering, a Requesting or 
+  -- a Questioning.
+  fun Directing  : Class ;
+  fun Directing_Class : SubClass Directing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+  -- The act of changing the direction in 
+  -- which the patient of the act is oriented.
+  fun DirectionChange  : Class ;
+  fun DirectionChange_Class : SubClass DirectionChange Motion ;
+
+  -- The subclass of PositionalAttributes 
+  -- that concern compass directions.
+  fun DirectionalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun DirectionalAttribute_Class : SubClass DirectionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Stating in which two Agents have
+  -- contradictory statements. This is distinguished from Arguing in
+  -- that the statement in dispute may be a simple assertion, rather than
+  -- a chain of deduction, and that two entities must be disagreeing with
+  -- each other, whereas a single entity may craft an argument for a given
+  -- point of view, without the need for another agent to disagree with.
+  fun Disagreeing  : Class ;
+  fun Disagreeing_Class : SubClass Disagreeing Stating ;
+
+  -- Finding something that was sought. Note that 
+  -- this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. 
+  -- For cases involving the acquisition of knowledge, the class Learning 
+  -- should be used.
+  fun Discovering  : Class ;
+  fun Discovering_Class : SubClass Discovering IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies 
+  -- something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity 
+  -- of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of 
+  -- one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs.
+  fun DiseaseOrSyndrome  : Class ;
+  fun DiseaseOrSyndrome_Class : SubClass DiseaseOrSyndrome BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any Communication that involves a 
+  -- single agent and many destinations. This covers the release 
+  -- of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving 
+  -- orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc.
+  fun Disseminating  : Class ;
+  fun Disseminating_Class : SubClass Disseminating Communication ;
+
+  -- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
+  -- (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the result of dividing ?NUMBER1 by 
+  -- ?NUMBER2. Note that when ?NUMBER1 = 1 (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
+  -- is the reciprocal of ?NUMBER2. Note too that (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
+  -- is undefined when ?NUMBER2 = 0.
+  fun DivisionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- The Process by which liquid Food, i.e. 
+  -- Beverages, are incorporated into an Animal.
+  fun Drinking  : Class ;
+  fun Drinking_Class : SubClass Drinking Ingesting ;
+
+  -- Controlling the direction and/or speed of a 
+  -- Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship, driving a car or truck, 
+  -- operating a train, etc.
+  fun Driving  : Class ;
+  fun Driving_Class : SubClass Driving Guiding ;
+
+  -- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
+  -- Object contains no Liquid.
+  fun Dry  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed 
+  -- from an Object.
+  fun Drying  : Class ;
+  fun Drying_Class : SubClass Drying Removing ;
+
+  -- Any Process that requires two, 
+  -- nonidentical patients.
+  fun DualObjectProcess  : Class ;
+  fun DualObjectProcess_Class : SubClass DualObjectProcess Process ;
+
+  -- The compass direction of East.
+  fun East  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A TimeZone that covers much of the eastern United States.
+  fun EasternTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+  -- The Process by which solid Food is incorporated into an Animal.
+  fun Eating  : Class ;
+  fun Eating_Class : SubClass Eating Ingesting ;
+
+  -- A binary function that maps a type of text 
+  -- (e.g. Agatha Christie's Murder_on_the_Orient_Express) and a number 
+  -- to the edition of the text type corresponding to the number.
+  fun EditionFn : Desc ContentBearingObject -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc ContentBearingObject ;
+
+  -- A EducationalOrganization is an institution of learning. 
+  -- Some examples are public and private K_12 schools, and colleges and universities.
+  fun EducationalOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun EducationalOrganization_Class : SubClass EducationalOrganization Organization ;
+
+  -- Any Process which is intended to result in Learning.
+  fun EducationalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun EducationalProcess_Class : SubClass EducationalProcess Guiding ;
+
+  -- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody of an Animal. 
+  -- This includes Bird and Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian ova.
+  fun Egg  : Class ;
+  fun Egg_Class : SubClass Egg (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+  -- Election is the class of events conducted by an 
+  -- organization, in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt 
+  -- resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization.
+  fun Election  : Class ;
+  fun Election_Class : SubClass Election OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+  -- SubatomicParticles that surround the AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.
+  fun Electron  : Class ;
+  fun Electron_Class : SubClass Electron SubatomicParticle ;
+
+  -- The ElectronVolt is an energy measure. 
+  -- Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing 
+  -- through a potential difference of 1 Volt in a vacuum.
+  fun ElectronVolt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of PureSubstances that 
+  -- cannot be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical 
+  -- (or physical) means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances 
+  -- are composed of only one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), 
+  -- and oxygen (O_2). ElementalSubstances are the simplest 
+  -- PureSubstances.
+  fun ElementalSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun ElementalSubstance_Class : SubClass ElementalSubstance PureSubstance ;
+
+  -- The stage of an Organism or an 
+  -- AnatomicalStructure that exists only before the Organism is born. 
+  -- Mammals, for example, have this Attribute only prior to 
+  -- their birth.
+  fun Embryonic  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Attributes that denote emotional states of Organisms.
+  fun EmotionalState  : Class ;
+  fun EmotionalState_Class : SubClass EmotionalState StateOfMind ;
+
+  -- Converting a document or message into a formal 
+  -- language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small 
+  -- body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of 
+  -- the content in the original document or message.
+  fun Encoding  : Class ;
+  fun Encoding_Class : SubClass Encoding Writing ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
+  -- the TimePoint at which the interval ends.
+  fun EndFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
+  -- to the GraphNode that is the end of the GraphPath. Note that, unlike 
+  -- TerminalNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
+  -- EndNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a end.
+  fun EndNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+  -- A fundamental concept that applies 
+  -- in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of 
+  -- a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might 
+  -- see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference betweeen 
+  -- EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that 
+  -- EngineeringComponents are object_like in a modeling sense. Thus, an 
+  -- EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a 
+  -- system with a stable identity.
+  fun EngineeringComponent  : Class ;
+  fun EngineeringComponent_Class : SubClass EngineeringComponent Device ;
+
+  -- An EngineeringConnection is an 
+  -- EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between 
+  -- two other EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the 
+  -- Predicate connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever 
+  -- this Predicate holds between two EngineeringComponents, there exists an 
+  -- EngineeringConnection. The practical reason for reifying a relationship 
+  -- is to be able to attach other information about it. For example, one
+  -- might want to say that a particular connection is associated with some 
+  -- shared parameters, or that it is of a particular type. 
+  -- EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can therefore be 
+  -- an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However, 
+  -- to provide for modular regularity in component systems, 
+  -- EngineeringConnections cannot be connected. For each pair of 
+  -- EngineeringComponents related by connectedEngineeringComponents, there 
+  -- exists at least one EngineeringConnection. However, that object may not 
+  -- be unique, and the same EngineeringConnection may be associated with 
+  -- several pairs of EngineeringComponents.
+  fun EngineeringConnection  : Class ;
+  fun EngineeringConnection_Class : SubClass EngineeringConnection EngineeringComponent ;
+
+  -- The universal class of individuals. This is the root 
+  -- node of the ontology.
+  fun Entity  : Class ;
+
+  -- A complex Protein that is produced by living cells and which
+  -- catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six 
+  -- main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, 
+  -- lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
+  fun Enzyme  : Class ;
+  fun Enzyme_Class : SubClass Enzyme Protein ;
+
+  -- A GroupOfPeople whose members originate 
+  -- from the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural 
+  -- practices.
+  fun EthnicGroup  : Class ;
+  fun EthnicGroup_Class : SubClass EthnicGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+  -- A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01 EuroDollars.
+  fun EuroCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+  -- A currency measure of most European Union countries.
+  fun EuroDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where a Substance is converted
+  -- from a Liquid to a Gas at a temperature below its Boiling point.
+  fun Evaporating  : Class ;
+  fun Evaporating_Class : SubClass Evaporating StateChange ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is evenly divisible 
+  -- by 2.
+  fun EvenInteger  : Class ;
+  fun EvenInteger_Class : SubClass EvenInteger Integer ;
+
+  -- The system of Bones that are on the Outside of an organism and 
+  -- make up the supporting structure of many Invertebrates.
+  fun Exoskeleton  : Class ;
+  fun Exoskeleton_Class : SubClass Exoskeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
+
+  -- Investigating the truth of a Proposition 
+  -- by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either 
+  -- controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind.
+  fun Experimenting  : Class ;
+  fun Experimenting_Class : SubClass Experimenting Investigating ;
+
+  -- An Argument where the conclusion is an 
+  -- observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply 
+  -- the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico_deductive model 
+  -- of explanation.
+  fun Explanation  : Class ;
+  fun Explanation_Class : SubClass Explanation DeductiveArgument ;
+
+  -- (ExponentiationFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns 
+  -- the RealNumber ?NUMBER raised to the power of the Integer ?INT.
+  fun ExponentiationFn  : El Quantity -> El Integer -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- Instances of this Class express a state of the agent. 
+  -- For example, Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The thanking 
+  -- in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that Expressing, 
+  -- unlike the other speech act types, is not a subclass of LinguisticCommunication. 
+  -- This is because emotions, for example, can be expressed without language, e.g. by 
+  -- smiling.
+  fun Expressing  : Class ;
+  fun Expressing_Class : SubClass Expressing Communication ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps an Attribute 
+  -- into the Class whose condition for membership is the Attribute.
+  fun ExtensionFn  : El Attribute -> Class ;
+
+  -- Artifacts that are created by weaving together 
+  -- natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of 
+  -- Animals. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by 
+  -- stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other 
+  -- hand, Clothing is not a subclass of Fabric, because many clothing items 
+  -- contain elements that are not fabrics.
+  fun Fabric  : Class ;
+  fun Fabric_Class : SubClass Fabric Artifact ;
+
+  -- The class of Texts that purport to 
+  -- reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information 
+  -- or as non_fiction. Note that something can be an instance of 
+  -- FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something 
+  -- is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating 
+  -- the text.
+  fun FactualText  : Class ;
+  fun FactualText_Class : SubClass FactualText Text ;
+
+  -- A UnitOfTemperature that is commonly 
+  -- used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point 
+  -- of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 
+  -- 212 FahrenheitDegrees.
+  fun FahrenheitDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+  -- Falling is the class of events in which something moves 
+  -- from a higher location to a lower location under the force of gravity.
+  fun Falling  : Class ;
+  fun Falling_Class : SubClass Falling (both MotionDownward Translocation) ;
+
+  -- The TruthValue of being false.
+  fun False  : Ind TruthValue ;
+
+  -- A GroupOfPeople whose members bear 
+  -- familyRelations to one another.
+  fun FamilyGroup  : Class ;
+  fun FamilyGroup_Class : SubClass FamilyGroup GroupOfPeople ;
+
+  -- SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the 
+  -- capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears 
+  -- a difference of potential of 1 Volt when it is charged by a quantity 
+  -- of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. Farad = C/V = 
+  -- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^4*A^2.
+  fun Farad  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Nonrigid Tissue that is composed largely of fat cells.
+  fun FatTissue  : Class ;
+  fun FatTissue_Class : SubClass FatTissue Tissue ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are February.
+  fun February  : Class ;
+  fun February_Class : SubClass February Month ;
+
+  -- The Class of Carnivores with completely
+  -- separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than
+  -- the cheetah have retractable claws.
+  fun Feline  : Class ;
+  fun Feline_Class : SubClass Feline Carnivore ;
+
+  -- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
+  -- female in nature.
+  fun Female  : Ind SexAttribute ;
+
+  -- A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue. 
+  -- This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and 
+  -- whisk ferns.
+  fun Fern  : Class ;
+  fun Fern_Class : SubClass Fern NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+  -- The class of Texts that purport to 
+  -- be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author 
+  -- does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is 
+  -- an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can 
+  -- be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. 
+  -- Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs 
+  -- of the agent creating the text.
+  fun FictionalText  : Class ;
+  fun FictionalText_Class : SubClass FictionalText Text ;
+
+  -- An academic or applied discipline with 
+  -- recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note 
+  -- that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a 
+  -- FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational 
+  -- content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of 
+  -- this content.
+  fun FieldOfStudy  : Class ;
+  fun FieldOfStudy_Class : SubClass FieldOfStudy Proposition ;
+
+  -- Something is Fillable if it can be filled by 
+  -- something else. Note that 'filled' here means perfectly filled.
+  -- Something is fillable just in case it is part of a hole, i.e., 
+  -- fillability is an exclusive property of holes and their parts.
+  fun Fillable  : Ind ShapeAttribute ;
+
+  -- A document having monetary value 
+  -- or recording a monetary transaction
+  fun FinancialInstrument  : Class ;
+  fun FinancialInstrument_Class : SubClass FinancialInstrument Certificate ;
+
+  -- A Transaction where an instance 
+  -- of Currency is exchanged for something else.
+  fun FinancialTransaction  : Class ;
+  fun FinancialTransaction_Class : SubClass FinancialTransaction Transaction ;
+
+  -- A Set containing a finite number of elements.
+  fun FiniteSet  : Class ;
+  fun FiniteSet_Class : SubClass FiniteSet Set ;
+
+  -- A cold_blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by 
+  -- fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony 
+  -- skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. 
+  -- Also included are those Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or 
+  -- hagfish.
+  fun Fish  : Class ;
+  fun Fish_Class : SubClass Fish ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of being flammable at normal temperatures
+  -- (i.e. not while a Plasma).
+  fun Flammable  : Ind PhysicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- (FloorFn ?NUMBER) returns the largest Integer 
+  -- less than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
+  fun FloorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- FlowRegion is a class of things whose 
+  -- boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive material is continuously moving 
+  -- through the region itself and being replaced by 
+  -- other, similar material. Each FlowRegion is constituted by a stream 
+  -- of matter moving as a whole. A FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. 
+  -- A wind may be considered as a Process or as a FlowRegion, similarly 
+  -- an OceanCurrent or a WaterWave. The motion process associated with a 
+  -- FlowRegion F is denoted by (FlowFn F). Note that certain 
+  -- properties belong to the FlowRegion itself (e.g., mass, length, volume, 
+  -- temperature, and speed or velocity of the region moving as a whole), 
+  -- while other properties of interest belong to the Motion of its 
+  -- constitutive stuff (e.g., velocity, direction). The motion of 
+  -- a FlowRegion as a whole (e.g., JetStream moves within the atmosphere) 
+  -- is distinguished from the motion of the pieces of stuff constituting the 
+  -- FlowRegion. See FlowFn and FlowRegionFn.
+  fun FlowRegion  : Class ;
+
+  -- A Plant that produces seeds and flowers. 
+  -- This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers.
+  fun FloweringPlant  : Class ;
+  fun FloweringPlant_Class : SubClass FloweringPlant Plant ;
+
+  -- Fluid is the PhysicalState attribute of an 
+  -- Object that does not have a fixed shape and thus tends to flow or to 
+  -- conform to the shape of a container.
+  fun Fluid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+  -- Any SelfConnectedObject containing Nutrients, 
+  -- such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a 
+  -- living Animal and metabolized into energy and body tissue.
+  fun Food  : Class ;
+  fun Food_Class : SubClass Food SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+  -- English length unit of feet.
+  fun FootLength  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+  -- cooled and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.
+  fun Freezing  : Class ;
+  fun Freezing_Class : SubClass Freezing StateChange ;
+
+  -- A subclass of
+  -- TimeDependentQuantity, instances of which are measures of the
+  -- frequency with which some Process occurs.
+  fun FrequencyMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun FrequencyMeasure_Class : SubClass FrequencyMeasure TimeDependentQuantity ;
+
+  -- A WaterArea whose Water is not saline, 
+  -- e.g. most rivers and lakes.
+  fun FreshWaterArea  : Class ;
+  fun FreshWaterArea_Class : SubClass FreshWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Fridays.
+  fun Friday  : Class ;
+  fun Friday_Class : SubClass Friday Day ;
+
+  -- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
+  -- that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the 
+  -- direction in which the Object moves. Note that this is a partial 
+  -- function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and 
+  -- spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
+  -- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
+  -- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
+  -- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
+  -- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
+  fun FrontFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+  -- Any fruit or vegetable, i.e. a 
+  -- ripened ReproductiveBody of a Plant. Note that FruitOrVegetable 
+  -- is not a subclass of Food, because some fruits, e.g. poisonous 
+  -- berries, are not edible.
+  fun FruitOrVegetable  : Class ;
+  fun FruitOrVegetable_Class : SubClass FruitOrVegetable (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+  -- The stage of an Organism when it has reached 
+  -- the end of its growth phase.
+  fun FullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A FunctionQuantity
+  -- is a PhysicalQuantity that is returned by a Function that maps
+  -- from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance
+  -- of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would
+  -- be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating values of time (which
+  -- are instances of ConstantQuantity) to values of distance
+  -- (also instances of ConstantQuantity). Note that all elements of the
+  -- range of the Function corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the
+  -- same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.
+  fun FunctionQuantity  : Class ;
+  fun FunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass FunctionQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Giving where the patient is an 
+  -- instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing, e.g. 
+  -- where a firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement 
+  -- that a certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned 
+  -- to the firm, and instances of UnilateralGiving, e.g. providing a tuition 
+  -- waiver and/or a stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.
+  fun Funding  : Class ;
+  fun Funding_Class : SubClass Funding Giving ;
+
+  -- A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the 
+  -- absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included 
+  -- here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, 
+  -- and mushrooms.
+  fun Fungus  : Class ;
+  fun Fungus_Class : SubClass Fungus Organism ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
+  -- to the TimeInterval which it meets and which ends at 
+  -- PositiveInfinity.
+  fun FutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- A Contest whose purpose is the 
+  -- enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game.
+  fun Game  : Class ;
+  fun Game_Class : SubClass Game (both Contest RecreationOrExercise) ;
+
+  -- An Object has the Attribute of Gas if it has 
+  -- neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.
+  fun Gas  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+  -- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
+  -- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any 
+  -- component other than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
+  -- which are suspended in the Gas.
+  fun GasMixture  : Class ;
+  fun GasMixture_Class : SubClass GasMixture Mixture ;
+
+  -- Any Motion where the patient is a 
+  -- Gas. This class would cover, in particular, the motion of 
+  -- Air, e.g. a breeze or wind.
+  fun GasMotion  : Class ;
+  fun GasMotion_Class : SubClass GasMotion Motion ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that takes a 
+  -- SetOrClass of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which 
+  -- is the intersection of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. 
+  -- the SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of all 
+  -- instances of the original SetOrClass.
+  fun GeneralizedIntersectionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that takes a SetOrClass 
+  -- of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which is the 
+  -- merge of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. the SetOrClass 
+  -- containing just those instances which are instances of an instance of the 
+  -- original SetOrClass.
+  fun GeneralizedUnionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A geographic location, generally having 
+  -- definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass 
+  -- Region in that a GeographicArea is a three_dimensional Region of the 
+  -- earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all 
+  -- one_dimensional and two_dimensional Regions are not classed under 
+  -- GeographicArea.
+  fun GeographicArea  : Class ;
+  fun GeographicArea_Class : SubClass GeographicArea Region ;
+
+  -- The class of activities that 
+  -- are caused by geological forces and affect geological features, 
+  -- and which may affect the biosphere as well.
+  fun GeologicalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun GeologicalProcess_Class : SubClass GeologicalProcess (both InternalChange Motion) ;
+
+  -- The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the 
+  -- class of all abstract, spatial representations. The instances of this class 
+  -- are GeometricPoints, TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures.
+  fun GeometricFigure  : Class ;
+  fun GeometricFigure_Class : SubClass GeometricFigure ShapeAttribute ;
+
+  -- The class of zero_dimensional 
+  -- GeometricFigures, i.e. the class of GeometricFigures that have position 
+  -- but lack extension in any dimension.
+  fun GeometricPoint  : Class ;
+  fun GeometricPoint_Class : SubClass GeometricPoint GeometricFigure ;
+
+  -- Any GeographicArea which is associated 
+  -- with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, 
+  -- Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity 
+  -- of a GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders.
+  fun GeopoliticalArea  : Class ;
+  fun GeopoliticalArea_Class : SubClass GeopoliticalArea (both Agent GeographicArea) ;
+
+  -- Any BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the 
+  -- head, a smile, which is also an instance of Communication.
+  fun Gesture  : Class ;
+  fun Gesture_Class : SubClass Gesture (both BodyMotion Communication) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the
+  -- agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is 
+  -- obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole.
+  fun Getting  : Class ;
+  fun Getting_Class : SubClass Getting ChangeOfPossession ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000 units of the original 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (GigaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000 Hertz.
+  fun GigaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the 
+  -- agent gives the destination something.
+  fun Giving  : Class ;
+  fun Giving_Class : SubClass Giving ChangeOfPossession ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Giving where the agent gives 
+  -- something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by 
+  -- the destination, e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.
+  fun GivingBack  : Class ;
+  fun GivingBack_Class : SubClass GivingBack Giving ;
+
+  -- An Organ that removes Substances from the Blood, 
+  -- alters them in some way, and then releases them.
+  fun Gland  : Class ;
+  fun Gland_Class : SubClass Gland Organ ;
+
+  -- The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.
+  fun Government  : Class ;
+  fun Government_Class : SubClass Government GovernmentOrganization ;
+
+  -- (GovernmentFn ?AREA) denotes the 
+  -- Government of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA. For example, 
+  -- (GovernmentFn UnitedStates) denotes the Federal_level government of 
+  -- the United States, (GovernmentFn PuertoRico) denotes the government of 
+  -- the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
+  fun GovernmentFn  : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind Government ;
+
+  -- GovernmentOrganization is the 
+  -- class of official Organizations that are concerned with the government 
+  -- of a GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization 
+  -- of a government.
+  fun GovernmentOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun GovernmentOrganization_Class : SubClass GovernmentOrganization Organization ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Touching which results in 
+  -- a situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.
+  fun Grabbing  : Class ;
+  fun Grabbing_Class : SubClass Grabbing (both Attaching Touching) ;
+
+  -- The OrganizationalProcess of graduating 
+  -- from an EducationalOrganization.
+  fun Graduation  : Class ;
+  fun Graduation_Class : SubClass Graduation LeavingAnOrganization ;
+
+  -- Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 
+  -- 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams.
+  fun Gram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- The Class of graphs, where a graph is understood 
+  -- to be a set of GraphNodes connected by GraphArcs. Note that this 
+  -- Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a 
+  -- GraphPath between any two GraphNodes. Note too that every Graph 
+  -- is required to contain at least two GraphArcs and three GraphNodes.
+  fun Graph  : Class ;
+  fun Graph_Class : SubClass Graph Abstract ;
+
+  -- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
+  -- and GraphArcs. Every GraphArc links two GraphNodes.
+  fun GraphArc  : Class ;
+  fun GraphArc_Class : SubClass GraphArc GraphElement ;
+
+  -- A GraphPath that begins (see 
+  -- BeginNodeFn) and ends (see EndNodeFn) at the same 
+  -- GraphNode.
+  fun GraphCircuit  : Class ;
+  fun GraphCircuit_Class : SubClass GraphCircuit GraphPath ;
+
+  -- Noncompositional parts of Graphs. 
+  -- These parts are restricted to GraphNodes and GraphArcs.
+  fun GraphElement  : Class ;
+  fun GraphElement_Class : SubClass GraphElement Abstract ;
+
+  -- A GraphArc in which a GraphNode is 
+  -- linked to itself.
+  fun GraphLoop  : Class ;
+  fun GraphLoop_Class : SubClass GraphLoop GraphArc ;
+
+  -- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
+  -- and GraphArcs. Every GraphNode is linked by a GraphArc.
+  fun GraphNode  : Class ;
+  fun GraphNode_Class : SubClass GraphNode GraphElement ;
+
+  -- Informally, a single, directed route between 
+  -- two GraphNodes in a Graph. Formally, a DirectedGraph that is a 
+  -- subGraph of the original Graph and such that no two GraphArcs in 
+  -- the DirectedGraph have the same intial node (see InitialNodeFn) or 
+  -- the same terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
+  fun GraphPath  : Class ;
+  fun GraphPath_Class : SubClass GraphPath DirectedGraph ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps two GraphNodes 
+  -- to the Class of GraphPaths between those two nodes. Note that the two 
+  -- GraphNodes must belong to the same Graph.
+  fun GraphPathFn : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+  -- SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures 
+  -- the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately 
+  -- to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to
+  -- matter by ionizing radiation is 1 Joule per kilogram. Gray = J/kg 
+  -- = m^2*s^(_2).
+  fun Gray  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- (GreatestCommonDivisorFn 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the greatest common divisor of 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
+  fun GreatestCommonDivisorFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- A Collection of Agents, e.g. a flock 
+  -- of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop.
+  fun Group  : Class ;
+  fun Group_Class : SubClass Group (both Agent Collection) ;
+
+  -- Any Group whose members are 
+  -- exclusively Humans.
+  fun GroupOfPeople  : Class ;
+  fun GroupOfPeople_Class : SubClass GroupOfPeople Group ;
+
+  -- The Process of biological development in which 
+  -- an Organism or part of an Organism changes its form or its size.
+  fun Growth  : Class ;
+  fun Growth_Class : SubClass Growth AutonomicProcess ;
+
+  -- Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to 
+  -- direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not.
+  fun Guiding  : Class ;
+  fun Guiding_Class : SubClass Guiding IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+  -- sensing is done by an auditory Organ.
+  fun Hearing  : Class ;
+  fun Hearing_Class : SubClass Hearing Perception ;
+
+  -- Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
+  -- increased is a TemperatureMeasure.
+  fun Heating  : Class ;
+  fun Heating_Class : SubClass Heating Increasing ;
+
+  -- SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One Henry 
+  -- is equivalent to one Volt divided by one Ampere per SecondDuration. 
+  -- If a current changing at the rate of one Ampere per SecondDuration 
+  -- induces an electromotive force of one Volt, the circuit has an 
+  -- inductance of one Henry. Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_2).
+  fun Henry  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the 
+  -- number of cycles per second. Hertz = s^(_1). Note that Hertz 
+  -- does not have a conversion function.
+  fun Hertz  : Ind UnitOfFrequency ;
+
+  -- OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an 
+  -- employee of an Organization.
+  fun Hiring  : Class ;
+  fun Hiring_Class : SubClass Hiring JoiningAnOrganization ;
+
+  -- A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface 
+  -- of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host 
+  -- (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as 
+  -- being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same 
+  -- region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two 
+  -- hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A 
+  -- common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any 
+  -- object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its 
+  -- parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have 
+  -- overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their 
+  -- hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with 
+  -- exactly the same things as the hole itself.
+  fun Hole  : Class ;
+  fun Hole_Class : SubClass Hole Region ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to 
+  -- the Object which is its principal host. The principle host of a Hole 
+  -- is its maximally connected host (a notion taken here to be defined only 
+  -- when the argument is a hole).
+  fun HoleHostFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to the skin 
+  -- of the Hole. The skin of a Hole is the fusion of those superficial 
+  -- parts (see superficialPart) of the Hole's principal host (see 
+  -- HoleHostFn) with which the Hole is externally connected.
+  fun HoleSkinFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
+
+  -- Includes Humans and relatively recent 
+  -- ancestors of Humans.
+  fun Hominid  : Class ;
+  fun Hominid_Class : SubClass Hominid Primate ;
+
+  -- The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves. 
+  -- Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc.
+  fun HoofedMammal  : Class ;
+  fun HoofedMammal_Class : SubClass HoofedMammal Mammal ;
+
+  -- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
+  -- is positioned width_wise with respect to another Object.
+  fun Horizontal  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- In Animals, a chemical secreted by an 
+  -- endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. 
+  -- Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or 
+  -- control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, 
+  -- are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as 
+  -- chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as 
+  -- growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad 
+  -- categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
+  fun Hormone  : Class ;
+  fun Hormone_Class : SubClass Hormone (both BiologicallyActiveSubstance BodySubstance) ;
+
+  -- A power measure that is equal to 746 Watts.
+  fun Horsepower  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of all clock Hours.
+  fun Hour  : Class ;
+  fun Hour_Class : SubClass Hour TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.
+  fun HourDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+  -- a subclass of Days to the Hours within each Day corresponding to that 
+  -- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (HourFn 12 Thursday) is the Class of all 
+  -- instances of noon Thursday. For another example, (HourFn 0 Day) would return 
+  -- the class of all instances of midnight. For still another example, (HourFn 14 
+  -- (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912)))) denotes 2 PM on the 18th day of 
+  -- August 1912.
+  fun HourFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Day -> Desc Hour ;
+
+  -- A ResidentialBuilding which is intended to be 
+  -- inhabited by members of the same SocialUnit. Houses are distinguished 
+  -- from temporary housing like hotels and multi_family dwellings like condominium 
+  -- and apartment buildings.
+  fun House  : Class ;
+  fun House_Class : SubClass House (both ResidentialBuilding SingleFamilyResidence) ;
+
+  -- Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo 
+  -- genus.
+  fun Human  : Class ;
+  fun Human_Class : SubClass Human (both CognitiveAgent Hominid) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Languages used by 
+  -- Humans.
+  fun HumanLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun HumanLanguage_Class : SubClass HumanLanguage Language ;
+
+  -- Hunting is the class of Processes in which 
+  -- an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed.
+  fun Hunting  : Class ;
+  fun Hunting_Class : SubClass Hunting Pursuing ;
+
+  -- This is the subclass of ContentBearingPhysical 
+  -- which are not part of a Language and which have some sort of similarity 
+  -- with the Objects that they represent. This Class would include symbolic 
+  -- roadway signs, representational art works, photographs, etc.
+  fun Icon  : Class ;
+  fun Icon_Class : SubClass Icon ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of Regions that are 
+  -- illuminated to some degree, i.e. in which some shapes are visually 
+  -- discernable.
+  fun Illuminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any Number that is the result of 
+  -- multiplying a RealNumber by the square root of _1.
+  fun ImaginaryNumber  : Class ;
+  fun ImaginaryNumber_Class : SubClass ImaginaryNumber Number ;
+
+  -- (ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER) returns 
+  -- the part of ?NUMBER that has the square root of _1 as its factor.
+  fun ImaginaryPartFn  : El ComplexNumber -> Ind ImaginaryNumber ;
+
+  -- (ImmediateFamilyFn ?PERSON) denotes the 
+  -- immediate family of ?PERSON, i.e. the Group consisting of the parents of 
+  -- ?PERSON and anyone of whom ?PERSON is a parent.
+  fun ImmediateFamilyFn  : El Human -> Ind FamilyGroup ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+  -- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
+  -- immediately follows the TimePosition.
+  fun ImmediateFutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+  -- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
+  -- immediately precedes the TimePosition.
+  fun ImmediatePastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Any Touching where something comes into 
+  -- sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples 
+  -- would be striking, knocking, whipping etc.
+  fun Impacting  : Class ;
+  fun Impacting_Class : SubClass Impacting Touching ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Transfer where the patient 
+  -- travels through space by means of a sudden, forceful event. Some examples 
+  -- would be shooting, throwing, tossing, etc.
+  fun Impelling  : Class ;
+  fun Impelling_Class : SubClass Impelling Transfer ;
+
+  -- English length unit of inches.
+  fun Inch  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- InchMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
+  -- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of 
+  -- inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the 
+  -- surrounding air pressure.
+  fun InchMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
+
+  -- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity 
+  -- is increased.
+  fun Increasing  : Class ;
+  fun Increasing_Class : SubClass Increasing QuantityChange ;
+
+  -- An Argument which is inductive, i.e. it is 
+  -- claimed that a set of specific cases makes the conclusion, which generalizes 
+  -- these cases, more likely to be true.
+  fun InductiveArgument  : Class ;
+  fun InductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InductiveArgument Argument ;
+
+  -- Measures of the amount of information. 
+  -- Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and 
+  -- MegaByte.
+  fun InformationMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun InformationMeasure_Class : SubClass InformationMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- The Process by which Food is 
+  -- taken into an Animal.
+  fun Ingesting  : Class ;
+  fun Ingesting_Class : SubClass Ingesting OrganismProcess ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+  -- GraphArc to the initial node of the GraphArc. Note
+  -- that this is a partial function. In particular, the function is 
+  -- undefined for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
+  fun InitialNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+  -- Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an 
+  -- Animal or a Human with a syringe.
+  fun Injecting  : Class ;
+  fun Injecting_Class : SubClass Injecting Inserting ;
+
+  -- The process of creating a traumatic wound or 
+  -- injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function 
+  -- of the organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.
+  fun Injuring  : Class ;
+  fun Injuring_Class : SubClass Injuring PathologicProcess ;
+  fun Injuring_Damaging  : SubClassC Injuring Damaging (\INJ -> exists Organism (\ORGANISM -> patient(var Damaging Process ? INJ)(var Organism Entity ? ORGANISM)));
+
+  -- A Class of small Arthropods that are 
+  -- air_breathing and that are distinguished by appearance.
+  fun Insect  : Class ;
+  fun Insect_Class : SubClass Insect Arthropod ;
+
+  -- Putting one thing inside of another thing.
+  fun Inserting  : Class ;
+  fun Inserting_Class : SubClass Inserting Putting ;
+
+  -- A negative or nonnegative whole number.
+  fun Integer  : Class ;
+  fun Integer_Class : SubClass Integer RationalNumber ;
+
+  -- (IntegerSquareRootFn ?NUMBER) 
+  -- returns the integer square root of ?NUMBER.
+  fun IntegerSquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
+
+  -- A Process that has a specific 
+  -- purpose for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.
+  fun IntentionalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun IntentionalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalProcess Process ;
+
+  -- An IntentionalProcess that 
+  -- can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus, 
+  -- for example, Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, 
+  -- because one can reason simply by exercising one's mind/brain. On the other 
+  -- hand, RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess,
+  -- because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses 
+  -- of BodyMotion.
+  fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalPsychologicalProcess (both IntentionalProcess PsychologicalProcess) ;
+
+  -- Any Attribute of an Entity that is an 
+  -- internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, 
+  -- etc.
+  fun InternalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun InternalAttribute_Class : SubClass InternalAttribute Attribute ;
+
+  -- Processes which involve altering an internal 
+  -- property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its 
+  -- structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include 
+  -- changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in 
+  -- spatial or temporal location.
+  fun InternalChange  : Class ;
+  fun InternalChange_Class : SubClass InternalChange Process ;
+
+  -- Any Process of assigning a Proposition to 
+  -- a Text, i.e. understanding the Text.
+  fun Interpreting  : Class ;
+  fun Interpreting_Class : SubClass Interpreting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
+  -- SetOrClasses to the intersection of these SetOrClasses. An object is 
+  -- an instance of the intersection of two SetOrClasses just in case it is 
+  -- an instance of both of those SetOrClasses.
+  fun IntersectionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that
+  -- maps two instances of ConstantQuantity to the subclass of
+  -- ConstantQuantity that comprises the interval from the first
+  -- ConstantQuantity to the second ConstantQuantity. For
+  -- example, (IntervalFn (MeasureFn 8 Meter) (MeasureFn 14 Meter)) 
+  -- would return the subclass of ConstantQuantity comprising quantities 
+  -- between 8 and 14 meters in length.
+  fun IntervalFn : El ConstantQuantity -> El ConstantQuantity -> Desc ConstantQuantity ;
+  
+  -- A class-forming operator that takes two arguments: 
+  -- a variable and a formula containing at least one unbound 
+  -- occurrence of the variable. The result of applying kappa 
+  -- to a variable and a formula is the set or class of things 
+  -- that satisfy the formula. For example, we can denote the set or class
+  -- of prime numbers that are less than 100 with the following expression:
+  -- (KappaFn ?NUMBER (and (instance ?NUMBER PrimeNumber) 
+  --                       (lessThan ?NUMBER 100))). 
+  -- Note that the use of this function is discouraged, since there is 
+  -- currently no axiomatic support for it.
+  fun KappaFn : (c : Class) -> (Ind c -> Formula) -> Class ;
+
+  -- DeductiveArguments that are not 
+  -- ValidDeductiveArguments, i.e. it is not the case that the set of premises 
+  -- in fact entails the conclusion.
+  fun InvalidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+  fun InvalidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InvalidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
+
+  -- An Animal which has no spinal column.
+  fun Invertebrate  : Class ;
+  fun Invertebrate_Class : SubClass Invertebrate Animal ;
+
+  -- The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted 
+  -- by a Formula).
+  fun Investigating  : Class ;
+  fun Investigating_Class : SubClass Investigating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- Any RealNumber that is not also a 
+  -- RationalNumber.
+  fun IrrationalNumber  : Class ;
+  fun IrrationalNumber_Class : SubClass IrrationalNumber RealNumber ;
+
+  -- A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea.
+  fun Island  : Class ;
+  fun Island_Class : SubClass Island LandArea ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are January.
+  fun January  : Class ;
+  fun January_Class : SubClass January Month ;
+
+  -- The OrganizationalProcess of 
+  -- becoming a member of an Organization.
+  fun JoiningAnOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun JoiningAnOrganization_Class : SubClass JoiningAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+  -- SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work 
+  -- done when the point of application of 1 Newton is displaced a distance 
+  -- of 1 Meter in the direction of the force. Joule = N*m = 
+  -- m^2*kg*s^(_2).
+  fun Joule  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts 
+  -- for one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to 
+  -- him/her.
+  fun Judging  : Class ;
+  fun Judging_Class : SubClass Judging Selecting ;
+
+  -- JudicialOrganization is the class 
+  -- of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according 
+  -- to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. 
+  -- Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, 
+  -- those associated with sporting associations.
+  fun JudicialOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun JudicialOrganization_Class : SubClass JudicialOrganization Organization ;
+
+  -- Any legal proceeding which is conducted 
+  -- by a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference 
+  -- between the concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former 
+  -- refers to legal claims that are brought by a plaintiff, e.g. law suits, 
+  -- while the second refers to trials and other sorts of judicial hearings 
+  -- where the merits of a LegalAction are decided.
+  fun JudicialProcess  : Class ;
+  fun JudicialProcess_PoliticalProcess  : SubClassC JudicialProcess PoliticalProcess (\PROCESS -> forall Organization (\ORG -> agent(var PoliticalProcess Process ? PROCESS)(var Organization Agent ? ORG)));
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are July.
+  fun July  : Class ;
+  fun July_Class : SubClass July Month ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are June.
+  fun June  : Class ;
+  fun June_Class : SubClass June Month ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+  -- keeps something in a particular location for an extended period of time.
+  fun Keeping  : Class ;
+  fun Keeping_Class : SubClass Keeping IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- SI UnitOfMeasure used
+  -- with MeasureFn to produce terms denoting instances of
+  -- TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in
+  -- SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the
+  -- Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be
+  -- 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes
+  -- of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the
+  -- conversion constant is 273.15.
+  fun KelvinDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Destruction in which the 
+  -- death of an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases 
+  -- of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases.
+  fun Killing  : Class ;
+  fun Killing_Class : SubClass Killing Destruction ;
+
+  -- One KiloByte (KB) of information. One 
+  -- KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is 
+  -- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
+  fun KiloByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+  -- For example, (KiloFn Gram) is 1,000 Grams.
+  fun KiloFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- Supermultiple of Gramm. Symbol: kg. 1 Kilogram
+  -- = 1000 Grams.
+  fun Kilogram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- Supermultiple of Meter. Symbol: km. A
+  -- Meter is the 1000th part of a Kilometer
+  fun Kilometer  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- An area which is predominantly solid ground, 
+  -- e.g. a Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a LandArea may 
+  -- contain some relatively small WaterAreas. For example, Australia is 
+  -- a LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes.
+  fun LandArea  : Class ;
+  fun LandArea_Class : SubClass LandArea GeographicArea ;
+
+  -- LandTransitway is the subclass of 
+  -- Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.
+  fun LandTransitway  : Class ;
+  fun LandTransitway_Class : SubClass LandTransitway (both LandArea Transitway) ;
+
+  -- A system of signs for expressing thought. The 
+  -- system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges 
+  -- gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created 
+  -- by a person or group of people.
+  fun Language  : Class ;
+  fun Language_Class : SubClass Language LinguisticExpression ;
+
+  -- Form of most Invertebrates, Amphibians, and 
+  -- Fish immediately after they hatch. This form is fundamentally unlike 
+  -- the adult form, and metamorphosis is required to reach the latter form.
+  fun Larval  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+  -- required by a government or a branch of the government and that are enforced 
+  -- with penalties for noncompliance. These Propositions may be codified as 
+  -- legislation or they may be more informal, as in the case of government policy.
+  fun Law  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all leap years. These are years 
+  -- which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly 
+  -- divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century).
+  fun LeapYear  : Class ;
+  fun LeapYear_Class : SubClass LeapYear Year ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes which relate to the 
+  -- acquisition of information.
+  fun Learning  : Class ;
+  fun Learning_Class : SubClass Learning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- (LeastCommonMultipleFn 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the least common multiple of 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
+  fun LeastCommonMultipleFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- The OrganizationalProcess of 
+  -- leaving an Organization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.
+  fun LeavingAnOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun LeavingAnOrganization_Class : SubClass LeavingAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+  -- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+  -- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left, so that, 
+  -- if one object is to the left of another, then the projections of the 
+  -- two objects overlap.
+  fun Left  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks 
+  -- to obtain something through a court of law.
+  fun LegalAction  : Class ;
+  fun LegalAction_Class : SubClass LegalAction Contest ;
+
+  -- A decision issued by a court with respect to 
+  -- a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a 
+  -- decision of a court, it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits 
+  -- of a particular LegalAction.
+  fun LegalDecision  : Class ;
+  fun LegalDecision_Class : SubClass LegalDecision (both Declaring JudicialProcess) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Giving Processes where 
+  -- the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of 
+  -- time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with 
+  -- interest).
+  fun Lending  : Class ;
+  fun Lending_Class : SubClass Lending Giving ;
+
+  -- A subclass of
+  -- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of length.
+  fun LengthMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun LengthMeasure_Class : SubClass LengthMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- The ProbabilityAttribute of being probable, i.e. more 
+  -- likely than not to be True.
+  fun Likely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Communication that involves 
+  -- the transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.
+  fun LinguisticCommunication  : Class ;
+  fun LinguisticCommunication_Class : SubClass LinguisticCommunication Communication ;
+
+  -- This is the subclass of 
+  -- ContentBearingPhysical which are language_related. Note that this Class 
+  -- encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, 
+  -- e.g. Words.
+  fun LinguisticExpression  : Class ;
+  fun LinguisticExpression_Class : SubClass LinguisticExpression ContentBearingPhysical ;
+
+  -- An Object has the Attribute of Liquid if 
+  -- it has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
+  fun Liquid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+  -- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
+  -- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Liquid and any 
+  -- component other than Liquid in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
+  -- which are suspended in the Liquid.
+  fun LiquidMixture  : Class ;
+  fun LiquidMixture_Class : SubClass LiquidMixture Mixture ;
+
+  -- Any Motion where the patient is a 
+  -- Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of 
+  -- Water.
+  fun LiquidMotion  : Class ;
+  fun LiquidMotion_Class : SubClass LiquidMotion Motion ;
+
+  -- Every List is a particular ordered n_tuple of 
+  -- items. Generally speaking, Lists are created by means of the ListFn 
+  -- Function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a 
+  -- List with the items in the same order. Anything, including other 
+  -- Lists, may be an item in a List. Note too that Lists are 
+  -- extensional _ two lists that have the same items in the same order are 
+  -- identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case, 
+  -- the List is the NullList.
+  fun List  : Class ;
+
+  -- A Function that returns the concatenation 
+  -- of the two Lists that are given as arguments. For example, the value of 
+  -- (ListConcatenateFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday) (ListFn Wednesday 
+  -- Thursday)) would be (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday).
+  fun ListConcatenateFn  : El List -> El List -> Ind List ;
+
+  -- A Function that takes any number of arguments and 
+  -- returns the List containing those arguments in exactly the same order.
+  fun ListFn  : [El Entity] -> Ind List ;
+
+  -- A Function that takes a List as its sole 
+  -- argument and returns the number of items in the List. For example, 
+  -- (ListLengthFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the 
+  -- value 3.
+  fun ListLengthFn  : El List -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
+
+  -- (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) denotes the item 
+  -- that is in the ?NUMBER position in the List ?LIST. For example, 
+  -- (ListOrderFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) 2) would return the 
+  -- value Tuesday.
+  fun ListOrderFn  : El List -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind Entity ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.
+  fun Listening  : Class ;
+  fun Listening_Class : SubClass Listening (both Hearing IntentionalProcess) ;
+
+  -- Unit of volume in the metric
+  -- system. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic
+  -- decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: l.
+  fun Liter  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
+  -- alive.
+  fun Living  : Ind AnimacyAttribute ;
+
+  -- (LogFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns the logarithm of the 
+  -- RealNumber ?NUMBER in the base denoted by the Integer ?INT.
+  fun LogFn  : El RealNumber -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- This Class comprises all 
+  -- of the logical operators (viz. 'and', 'or', 'not', '=>', and '<=>').
+  fun LogicalOperator  : Class ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.
+  fun Looking  : Class ;
+  fun Looking_Class : SubClass Looking (both IntentionalProcess Seeing) ;
+
+  -- SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the 
+  -- amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 Steradian from a 
+  -- uniform point source having an intensity of one Candela. Lumen = 
+  -- cd*sr = cd * 1.
+  fun Lumen  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the 
+  -- amount of illumination provided when one Lumen is evenly distributed 
+  -- over an area of 1 square Meter. This is also equivalent to the 
+  -- illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one 
+  -- Meter from a point source of one Candela. Lux = lm/m^2 = 
+  -- m^(_2)*cd.
+  fun Lux  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Machines are Devices that that have a 
+  -- well_defined resource and result and that automatically convert 
+  -- the resource into the result.
+  fun Machine  : Class ;
+  fun Machine_Class : SubClass Machine Device ;
+
+  -- The magnitude of a PhysicalQuantity is the 
+  -- numeric value for the quantity. In other words, MagnitudeFn converts 
+  -- a PhysicalQuantity with an associated UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary 
+  -- RealNumber. For example, the magnitude of the ConstantQuantity 2 
+  -- Kilometers is the RealNumber 2. Note that the magnitude of a 
+  -- quantity in a given unit times that unit is equal to the original 
+  -- quantity.
+  fun MagnitudeFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+  -- cares for or maintains the Object.
+  fun Maintaining  : Class ;
+  fun Maintaining_Class : SubClass Maintaining IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Creation in which an individual 
+  -- Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.
+  fun Making  : Class ;
+  fun Making_Class : SubClass Making (both Creation IntentionalProcess) ;
+
+  -- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
+  -- male in nature.
+  fun Male  : Ind SexAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
+  -- and characterized by the presence of hair, mammary glands, and sweat 
+  -- glands.
+  fun Mammal  : Class ;
+  fun Mammal_Class : SubClass Mammal WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+  -- The class of Male Humans.
+  fun Man  : Class ;
+  fun Man_Class : SubClass Man Human ;
+
+  -- OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing 
+  -- the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
+  -- and its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship between 
+  -- the manager and the managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which 
+  -- the activities of the regulated are referred.
+  fun Managing  : Class ;
+  fun Managing_Class : SubClass Managing (both Guiding OrganizationalProcess) ;
+
+  -- An intentional move or play within a Contest. 
+  -- In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for 
+  -- winning the Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi_arbitrary 
+  -- division of the overarching Contest, e.g. innings in a baseball game.
+  fun Maneuver  : Class ;
+  fun Maneuver_Class : SubClass Maneuver IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- A ManualHumanLanguage is a
+  -- HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement, such 
+  -- as the shape, position, and movement of the hands.
+  fun ManualHumanLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun ManualHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass ManualHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+  -- The Making of Artifacts on a mass 
+  -- scale.
+  fun Manufacture  : Class ;
+  fun Manufacture_Class : SubClass Manufacture Making ;
+
+  -- Any Corporation which manufactures Products.
+  fun Manufacturer  : Class ;
+  fun Manufacturer_Class : SubClass Manufacturer Corporation ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are March.
+  fun March  : Class ;
+  fun March_Class : SubClass March Month ;
+
+  -- The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for 
+  -- their young.
+  fun Marsupial  : Class ;
+  fun Marsupial_Class : SubClass Marsupial Mammal ;
+
+  -- A subclass of
+  -- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of the amount of
+  -- matter in an Object.
+  fun MassMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun MassMeasure_Class : SubClass MassMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- The OrganizationalProcess of joining an 
+  -- EducationalOrganization as a student.
+  fun Matriculation  : Class ;
+  fun Matriculation_Class : SubClass Matriculation JoiningAnOrganization ;
+
+  -- (MaxFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the largest of 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
+  -- MaxFn returns one of its arguments.
+  fun MaxFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
+  -- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the largest sum of weighted arcs 
+  -- between the two GraphNodes.
+  fun MaximalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are May.
+  fun May  : Class ;
+  fun May_Class : SubClass May Month ;
+
+  -- This BinaryFunction maps a
+  -- RealNumber and a UnitOfMeasure to that Number of units. It is
+  -- used to express `measured' instances of PhysicalQuantity. Example:
+  -- the concept of three meters is represented as (MeasureFn 3
+  -- Meter).
+  fun MeasureFn  : El RealNumber -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+  -- The Class of Calculating Processes where 
+  -- the aim is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.
+  fun Measuring  : Class ;
+  fun Measuring_Class : SubClass Measuring Calculating ;
+
+  -- Any Device whose purpose is to measure a 
+  -- PhysicalQuantity.
+  fun MeasuringDevice  : Class ;
+  fun MeasuringDevice_Class : SubClass MeasuringDevice Device ;
+
+  -- Any Food which was originally part of an 
+  -- Animal and is not ingested by drinking, including eggs and animal 
+  -- blood that is eaten as food. Note that this class covers both raw 
+  -- meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. 
+  -- Note too that preparations involving Meat and FruitOrVegetable 
+  -- are classed directly under Food.
+  fun Meat  : Class ;
+  fun Meat_Class : SubClass Meat Food ;
+
+  -- The coming together of two or more 
+  -- CognitiveAgents for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal 
+  -- meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board 
+  -- of directors meeting.
+  fun Meeting  : Class ;
+  fun Meeting_Class : SubClass Meeting SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- One MegaByte (MB) of information. One 
+  -- MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is 
+  -- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
+  fun MegaByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000 units of the original 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MegaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000 Hertz.
+  fun MegaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
+  -- heated and converted from a Solid to a Liquid.
+  fun Melting  : Class ;
+  fun Melting_Class : SubClass Melting StateChange ;
+
+  -- Any Corporation which sells 
+  -- goods or services to customers for a profit.
+  fun MercantileOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun MercantileOrganization_Class : SubClass MercantileOrganization Corporation ;
+
+  -- (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
+  -- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to ?OBJ1 
+  -- and not to ?OBJ2.
+  fun MereologicalDifferenceFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+  -- (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+  -- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to both ?OBJ1 
+  -- and ?OBJ2.
+  fun MereologicalProductFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+  -- (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+  -- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to either 
+  -- ?OBJ1 or ?OBJ2.
+  fun MereologicalSumFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
+
+  -- A Metal is an ElementalSubstance that conducts heat 
+  -- and electricity, is shiny and reflects many colors of light, and can be hammered 
+  -- into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements 
+  -- (ElementalSubstances) are metals.
+  fun Metal  : Class ;
+  fun Metal_Class : SubClass Metal ElementalSubstance ;
+
+  -- SI UnitOfLength. Symbol: m. It is one of the
+  -- base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter 
+  -- is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time 
+  -- interval of 1/299792458 of a SecondDuration.
+  fun Meter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+  -- For example, (MicroFn Meter) is .000001 Meters.
+  fun MicroFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- An Organism that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.
+  fun Microorganism  : Class ;
+  fun Microorganism_Class : SubClass Microorganism Organism ;
+
+  -- English length unit of miles.
+  fun Mile  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- MilitaryForce is the subclass of 
+  -- Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the 
+  -- purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not 
+  -- the force is an official GovernmentOrganization.
+  fun MilitaryForce  : Class ;
+  fun MilitaryForce_Class : SubClass MilitaryForce PoliticalOrganization ;
+
+  -- Any heavily armed Organization 
+  -- that is part of a Government and that is charged with representing the 
+  -- Government in international conflicts.
+  fun MilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun MilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass MilitaryOrganization (both GovernmentOrganization MilitaryForce) ;
+
+  -- Any Process that is carried out by a 
+  -- military organization. Note that this class covers Processes, e.g. 
+  -- military operations, that are the result of careful planning, as well as 
+  -- those which are unscripted.
+  fun MilitaryProcess  : Class ;
+  fun MilitaryProcess_Class : SubClass MilitaryProcess PoliticalProcess ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
+  -- For example, (MilliFn Gram) is .001 Grams.
+  fun MilliFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: mm. A millimeter
+  -- is the 1000th part of a meter
+  fun Millimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
+
+  -- (MinFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the smallest of 
+  -- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
+  -- MinFn returns one of its arguments.
+  fun MinFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous 
+  -- substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or 
+  -- synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form 
+  -- and properties of a naturally occurring mineral.
+  fun Mineral  : Class ;
+  fun Mineral_Class : SubClass Mineral Substance ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph 
+  -- the Class of GraphPaths which comprise cutsets for the Graph and 
+  -- which have the least number of GraphArcs.
+  fun MinimalCutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
+
+  -- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
+  -- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the smallest sum of weighted arcs 
+  -- between the two GraphNodes.
+  fun MinimalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
+
+  -- The Class of all clock Minutes.
+  fun Minute  : Class ;
+  fun Minute_Class : SubClass Minute TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.
+  fun MinuteDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
+  -- a subclass of Hours to the Minutes within each Hour corresponding to that 
+  -- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (MinuteFn 30 (HourFn 17 Day)) is the Class 
+  -- of all 5:30's in the afternoon. For another example, (MinuteFn 15 Hour) would return 
+  -- the class of all instances of quarter past the hour. For still another example, 
+  -- (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))))) denotes 
+  -- 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.
+  fun MinuteFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Hour -> Desc Minute ;
+
+  -- A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances, 
+  -- combined in varying proportions _ each retaining its own specific properties. 
+  -- The components of a Mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without 
+  -- the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly 
+  -- dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete.
+  fun Mixture  : Class ;
+  fun Mixture_Class : SubClass Mixture Substance ;
+
+  -- MmMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
+  -- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number 
+  -- of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer
+  --  by the surrounding air pressure.
+  fun MmMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
+
+  -- SI amount of substance
+  -- unit. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as
+  -- follows: the Mole is the amount of substance of a system which
+  -- contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012
+  -- Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this UnitOfMeasure is
+  -- used, the elementary entities must be specified _ they may be atoms,
+  -- molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles.
+  fun Mole  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a 
+  -- CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties 
+  -- of that substance, e.g., Ne, H2, H2O. A molecule is two or more Atoms 
+  -- linked by a chemical bond.
+  fun Molecule  : Class ;
+  fun Molecule_Class : SubClass Molecule CompoundSubstance ;
+
+  -- Soft_bodied Invertebrate that is usually 
+  -- contained in a shell. Includes oysters, clams, mussels, snails, slugs, 
+  -- octopi, and squid.
+  fun Mollusk  : Class ;
+  fun Mollusk_Class : SubClass Mollusk Invertebrate ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Mondays.
+  fun Monday  : Class ;
+  fun Monday_Class : SubClass Monday Day ;
+
+  -- Various Primates with relatively long 
+  -- tails.
+  fun Monkey  : Class ;
+  fun Monkey_Class : SubClass Monkey Primate ;
+
+  -- An Object with this Attribute has 
+  -- the same color on every part of its surface.
+  fun Monochromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Months.
+  fun Month  : Class ;
+  fun Month_Class : SubClass Month TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. A month's duration is at least
+  -- 28 days, and no more than 31 days. Note that this unit is a range, rather
+  -- than an exact amount, unlike most other units.
+  fun MonthDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of Month and a 
+  -- subclass of Year to the class containing the Months corresponding to thos Years. 
+  -- For example (MonthFn January (YearFn 1912)) is the class containing the eighth 
+  -- Month, i.e. August, of the Year 1912. For another example, (MonthFn August 
+  -- Year) is equal to August, the class of all months of August. Note that this function 
+  -- returns a Class as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. 
+  -- DayFn, HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
+  -- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
+  -- these functions classes rather than individuals.
+  fun MonthFn : Desc Month -> Desc Year -> Desc Month ;
+
+  -- Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided 
+  -- and which expresses a meaning.
+  fun Morpheme  : Class ;
+  fun Morpheme_Class : SubClass Morpheme LinguisticExpression ;
+
+  -- A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little 
+  -- if any vascular tissue.
+  fun Moss  : Class ;
+  fun Moss_Class : SubClass Moss NonFloweringPlant ;
+
+  -- Any Process of movement.
+  fun Motion  : Class ;
+  fun Motion_Class : SubClass Motion Process ;
+
+  -- Motion where an Object is moving toward the 
+  -- ground.
+  fun MotionDownward  : Class ;
+  fun MotionDownward_Class : SubClass MotionDownward Motion ;
+
+  -- A ContentBearingObject which depicts motion 
+  -- (and which may have an audio or text component as well). This Class covers 
+  -- films, videos, etc.
+  fun MotionPicture  : Class ;
+  fun MotionPicture_Class : SubClass MotionPicture Text ;
+
+  -- Motion where an Object is moving away from the ground.
+  fun MotionUpward  : Class ;
+  fun MotionUpward_Class : SubClass MotionUpward Motion ;
+
+  -- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+  -- Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
+  fun MountainTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+  -- The Class of multigraphs. A multigraph 
+  -- is a Graph containing at least one pair of GraphNodes that are 
+  -- connected by more than one GraphArc.
+  fun MultiGraph  : Class ;
+  fun MultiGraph_Class : SubClass MultiGraph Graph ;
+
+  -- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
+  -- then (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical product 
+  -- of these numbers.
+  fun MultiplicationFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and 
+  -- composed largely of contractile cells.
+  fun Muscle  : Class ;
+  fun Muscle_Class : SubClass Muscle (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of RadiatingSound where the 
+  -- sound is intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately.
+  fun Music  : Class ;
+  fun Music_Class : SubClass Music RadiatingSound ;
+
+  -- A Device which is manipulated by a Human 
+  -- and whose purpose is to produce Music.
+  fun MusicalInstrument  : Class ;
+  fun MusicalInstrument_Class : SubClass MusicalInstrument Device ;
+
+  -- A SetOrClass is a MutuallyDisjointClass 
+  -- just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of all of the instances of 
+  -- the original SetOrClass.
+  fun MutuallyDisjointClass  : Class ;
+  fun MutuallyDisjointClass_Class : SubClass MutuallyDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
+  -- centipedes and millipedes.
+  fun Myriapod  : Class ;
+  fun Myriapod_Class : SubClass Myriapod Arthropod ;
+
+  -- A Promise where nothing is promised in return, 
+  -- i.e. a nudum pactum.
+  fun NakedPromise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Process of assigning a name to someone or something.
+  fun Naming  : Class ;
+  fun Naming_Class : SubClass Naming Declaring ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MicroFn SecondDuration) is .000000001 
+  -- SecondDurations.
+  fun NanoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- The broadest GeopoliticalArea, i.e. Nations are 
+  -- GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and 
+  -- comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts 
+  -- of loose international organizations).
+  fun Nation  : Class ;
+  fun Nation_Class : SubClass Nation (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of HumanLanguages which 
+  -- are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This 
+  -- Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, 
+  -- Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural 
+  -- languages.
+  fun NaturalLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun NaturalLanguage_Class : SubClass NaturalLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+  -- A Process that take place in nature
+  -- spontanously.
+  fun NaturalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun NaturalProcess_Class : SubClass NaturalProcess Process ;
+
+  -- Any Substance that is not the result of 
+  -- an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.
+  fun NaturalSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun NaturalSubstance_Class : SubClass NaturalSubstance Substance ;
+
+  -- The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if 
+  -- an object is Near another object, then the objects are not connected.
+  fun Near  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+  -- necessary, i.e. true in every possible world.
+  fun Necessity  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
+
+  -- The TimePoint that is before all other TimePoints.
+  fun NegativeInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is less than zero.
+  fun NegativeInteger  : Class ;
+  fun NegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NegativeInteger (both Integer NegativeRealNumber) ;
+
+  -- A RealNumber that is less than zero.
+  fun NegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
+  fun NegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NegativeRealNumber RealNumber 
+                                                 (\NUMBER -> lessThan (var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)
+                                                                      (el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+  -- A system in Vertebrates that is made up of 
+  -- the Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc.
+  fun NervousSystem  : Class ;
+  fun NervousSystem_Class : SubClass NervousSystem (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
+
+  -- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have no charge.
+  fun Neutron  : Class ;
+  fun Neutron_Class : SubClass Neutron SubatomicParticle ;
+
+  -- SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force 
+  -- which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 Meter per 
+  -- SecondDuration. Newton = m*kg*s^(_2).
+  fun Newton  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Instances of
+  -- this Class are UnitsOfMeasure that are applied to a single
+  -- dimension, and so are not intrinsically defined by the functional
+  -- composition of other units.
+  fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A Plant that reproduces with spores and 
+  -- does not produce flowers.
+  fun NonFloweringPlant  : Class ;
+  fun NonFloweringPlant_Class : SubClass NonFloweringPlant Plant ;
+
+  -- The stage of an Organism before it is FullyFormed.
+  fun NonFullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any SetOrClass that contains at least one instance.
+  fun NonNullSet  : Class ;
+  fun NonNullSet_Class : SubClass NonNullSet SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is greater than or equal to zero.
+  fun NonnegativeInteger  : Class ;
+  fun NonnegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NonnegativeInteger (both Integer NonnegativeRealNumber) ;
+
+  -- A RealNumber that is greater than or equal to zero.
+  fun NonnegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
+  fun NonnegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NonnegativeRealNumber RealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThanOrEqualTo(var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+  -- A Class containing all of the 
+  -- Attributes that are specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, 
+  -- etiquette, etc. Many of these attributes express a judgement that 
+  -- something ought or ought not to be the case.
+  fun NormativeAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun NormativeAttribute_Class : SubClass NormativeAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The compass direction of North.
+  fun North  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+  -- that conventionally denote Objects.
+  fun Noun  : Class ;
+  fun Noun_Class : SubClass Noun Word ;
+
+  -- A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun.
+  fun NounPhrase  : Class ;
+  fun NounPhrase_Class : SubClass NounPhrase Phrase ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are November.
+  fun November  : Class ;
+  fun November_Class : SubClass November Month ;
+
+  -- The List that has no items. The uniqueness of 
+  -- NullList follows from the extensionality of Lists, i.e. the fact that 
+  -- two Lists with the same items in the same order are identical.
+  fun NullList  : Ind List ;
+
+  -- Any SetOrClass that contains no instances.
+  fun NullSet  : Class ;
+  fun NullSet_Class : SubClass NullSet SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A measure of how many things there are, or how
+  -- much there is, of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into 
+  -- RealNumber, ComplexNumber, and ImaginaryNumber.
+  fun Number  : Class ;
+  fun Number_Class : SubClass Number Quantity ;
+
+  -- NumberE is the RealNumber that is the base for 
+  -- natural logarithms. It is approximately equal to 2.718282.
+  fun NumberE  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
+
+  -- (NumeratorFn ?NUMBER) returns the numerator 
+  -- of the canonical reduced form ?NUMBER.
+  fun NumeratorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. 
+  -- It is generally ingested as Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role 
+  -- in the biologic functioning of the Organism.
+  fun Nutrient  : Class ;
+  fun Nutrient_Class : SubClass Nutrient BiologicallyActiveSubstance ;
+
+  -- Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary 
+  -- objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, 
+  -- and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical 
+  -- class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal 
+  -- extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the 
+  -- time_axis.
+  fun Object  : Class ;
+  fun Object_Class : SubClass Object Physical ;
+
+  -- The Class of NormativeAttributes that are 
+  -- associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is 
+  -- broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.
+  fun ObjectiveNorm  : Class ;
+  fun ObjectiveNorm_Class : SubClass ObjectiveNorm NormativeAttribute ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
+  -- Agent is required, by some authority, to make true.
+  fun Obligation  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are October.
+  fun October  : Class ;
+  fun October_Class : SubClass October Month ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2.
+  fun OddInteger  : Class ;
+  fun OddInteger_Class : SubClass OddInteger Integer ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Committing in which a 
+  -- CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings 
+  -- may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a 
+  -- UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to 
+  -- effect a Transaction of some sort).
+  fun Offering  : Class ;
+  fun Offering_Class : SubClass Offering Committing ;
+
+  -- SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric
+  -- resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference 
+  -- of potential of 1 Volt, applied between these two points,
+  -- produces in this conductor a current of 1 Ampere, this conductor not
+  -- being the force of any electromotive force. Ohm = V/A = 
+  -- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_2).
+  fun Ohm  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of properties that are 
+  -- detectable by smell.
+  fun OlfactoryAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun OlfactoryAttribute_Class : SubClass OlfactoryAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+  -- This is used to assert that an object is on top of 
+  -- another object, and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves 
+  -- contact.
+  fun On  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+  -- have position and an extension along a single dimension, viz. straight lines.
+  fun OneDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+  fun OneDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OneDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+  -- The class of TwoDimensionalFigures that 
+  -- are not ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.
+  fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+  fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OpenTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+  -- A Directing in which the receiver is 
+  -- commanded to realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders 
+  -- are injunctions, the disobedience of which involves sanctions, or 
+  -- which express an obligation upon the part of the orderee.
+  fun Ordering  : Class ;
+  fun Ordering_Class : SubClass Ordering Directing ;
+
+  -- A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a 
+  -- specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily 
+  -- systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.
+  fun Organ  : Class ;
+  fun Organ_Class : SubClass Organ BodyPart ;
+
+  -- A PhysiologicProcess of a 
+  -- particular Organ or Tissue.
+  fun OrganOrTissueProcess  : Class ;
+  fun OrganOrTissueProcess_Class : SubClass OrganOrTissueProcess AutonomicProcess ;
+
+  -- This class encompasses Organisms, 
+  -- CorpuscularObjects that are parts of Organisms, i.e. BodyParts, 
+  -- and CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by 
+  -- Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
+  fun OrganicObject  : Class ;
+  fun OrganicObject_Class : SubClass OrganicObject CorpuscularObject ;
+
+  -- Generally, a living individual, including all 
+  -- Plants and Animals.
+  fun Organism  : Class ;
+  fun Organism_Class : SubClass Organism (both Agent OrganicObject) ;
+
+  -- A physiologic function of the 
+  -- Organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems or of multiple 
+  -- Organs or Tissues.
+  fun OrganismProcess  : Class ;
+  fun OrganismProcess_Class : SubClass OrganismProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
+
+  -- An Organization is a corporate or similar 
+  -- institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common 
+  -- purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, 
+  -- etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the 
+  -- accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. 
+  -- Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence 
+  -- of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). 
+  -- Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member 
+  -- should be assumed.
+  fun Organization  : Class ;
+  fun Organization_Class : SubClass Organization (both CognitiveAgent Group) ;
+
+  -- An IntentionalProcess that involves an Organization.
+  fun OrganizationalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun OrganizationalProcess_Class : SubClass OrganizationalProcess IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a Cup.
+  fun Ounce  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- The class of ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures that are 
+  -- produced by the intersection of a Cone with a ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure.
+  fun Oval  : Class ;
+  fun Oval_Class : SubClass Oval ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+  -- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
+  -- western part of the United States.
+  fun PacificTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
+
+  -- A SetOrClass is a PairwiseDisjointClass 
+  -- just in case every instance of the SetOrClass is either equal to or disjoint 
+  -- from every other instance of the SetOrClass.
+  fun PairwiseDisjointClass  : Class ;
+  fun PairwiseDisjointClass_Class : SubClass PairwiseDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- An Organization which is much like 
+  -- a MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it 
+  -- is not associated with a Government.
+  fun ParamilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun ParamilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass ParamilitaryOrganization MilitaryForce ;
+
+  -- An umbrella Class for any Word that does not 
+  -- fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small 
+  -- term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 
+  -- 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the 
+  -- subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord 
+  -- includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', 
+  -- etc.
+  fun ParticleWord  : Class ;
+  fun ParticleWord_Class : SubClass ParticleWord Word ;
+
+  -- SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the 
+  -- pressure of one Newton per square Meter. Pascal = N/m^2 
+  -- = m^(_1)*kg*s^(_2).
+  fun Pascal  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
+  -- to the TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at 
+  -- NegativeInfinity.
+  fun PastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- A Certificate that expresses the content of an 
+  -- invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental 
+  -- entity.
+  fun Patent  : Class ;
+  fun Patent_Class : SubClass Patent Certificate ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath to 
+  -- the sum of the arcWeights on the GraphArcs in the GraphPath.
+  fun PathWeightFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- A disordered process, activity, or 
+  -- state of the Organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of 
+  -- multiple Organs or Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a 
+  -- negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are 
+  -- less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have 
+  -- systemic effects.
+  fun PathologicProcess  : Class ;
+  fun PathologicProcess_Class : SubClass PathologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- PerFn maps two instances of PhysicalQuantity to 
+  -- the FunctionQuantity composed of these two instances. For example, 
+  -- (PerFn (MeasureFn 2 (MicroFn Gram)) (MeasureFn 1 (KiloFn 
+  -- Gram))) denotes the FunctionQuantity of 2 micrograms per kiogram. 
+  -- This function is useful, because it allows the knowledge engineer to 
+  -- dynamically generate instances of FunctionQuantity.
+  fun PerFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- Sensing some aspect of the material world. 
+  -- Note that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal.
+  fun Perception  : Class ;
+  fun Perception_Class : SubClass Perception PsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- Any Attribute whose presence is detected 
+  -- by an act of Perception.
+  fun PerceptualAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun PerceptualAttribute_Class : SubClass PerceptualAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Series whose elements are published separately 
+  -- and on a periodic basis.
+  fun Periodical  : Class ;
+  fun Periodical_Class : SubClass Periodical Series ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of 
+  -- Periodical and a number to all of the issues of the Periodical corresponding 
+  -- to the number.
+  fun PeriodicalIssueFn : Desc Periodical -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Periodical ;
+
+  -- A Residence where people live, i.e. 
+  -- where people have a home.
+  fun PermanentResidence  : Class ;
+  fun PermanentResidence_Class : SubClass PermanentResidence Residence ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
+  -- Agent is permitted, by some authority, to make true.
+  fun Permission  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- A set of Words in a Language which form a unit, 
+  -- i.e. express a meaning in the Language.
+  fun Phrase  : Class ;
+  fun Phrase_Class : SubClass Phrase LinguisticExpression ;
+
+  -- An entity that has a location in space_time. 
+  -- Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in 
+  -- space_time.
+  fun Physical  : Class ;
+  fun Physical_Class : SubClass Physical Entity ;
+
+  -- An InternalAttribute given by physical
+  -- properties of the object.
+  fun PhysicalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun PhysicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PhysicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of 
+  -- some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's 
+  -- diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable 
+  -- solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial 
+  -- coordinates). Every PhysicalQuantity is either a ConstantQuantity
+  -- or FunctionQuantity. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent 
+  -- on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are 
+  -- Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances 
+  -- of ConstantQuantity (e.g., a TimeDependentQuantity is a
+  -- FunctionQuantity). Although the name and definition of 
+  -- PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, a PhysicalQuantity need 
+  -- not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, 
+  -- etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. 
+  -- Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. 
+  -- A PhysicalQuantity is distinguished from a pure Number by the fact that 
+  -- the former is associated with a dimension of measurement.
+  fun PhysicalQuantity  : Class ;
+  fun PhysicalQuantity_Class : SubClass PhysicalQuantity Quantity ;
+
+  -- The physical state of an Object. There 
+  -- are three reified instances of this Class: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. 
+  -- Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one 
+  -- substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical 
+  -- states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a 
+  -- substance still called iron.
+  fun PhysicalState  : Class ;
+  fun PhysicalState_Class : SubClass PhysicalState InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- PhysicalSystem is the class of complex 
+  -- Physical things. A PhysicalSystem may have one or more 
+  -- corresponding abstract Graph representations.
+  fun PhysicalSystem  : Class ;
+  fun PhysicalSystem_Class : SubClass PhysicalSystem Physical ;
+
+  -- A normal process of an Organism 
+  -- or part of an Organism.
+  fun PhysiologicProcess  : Class ;
+  fun PhysiologicProcess_Class : SubClass PhysiologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- Pi is the RealNumber that 
+  -- is the ratio of the perimeter of a circle to its diameter. It is 
+  -- approximately equal to 3.141592653589793.
+  fun Pi  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
+  -- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (PicoFn SecondDuration) is .000000000001 
+  -- SecondDurations.
+  fun PicoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a 
+  -- Quart.
+  fun Pint  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- A specification of a sequence of Processes which 
+  -- is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.
+  fun Plan  : Class ;
+  fun Plan_Class : SubClass Plan Procedure ;
+
+  -- The value of an angle in a plane.
+  fun PlaneAngleMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun PlaneAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass PlaneAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
+
+  -- Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a 
+  -- set of goals or objectives.
+  fun Planning  : Class ;
+  fun Planning_Class : SubClass Planning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- An Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing 
+  -- by synthesis of Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of 
+  -- chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion.
+  fun Plant  : Class ;
+  fun Plant_Organism  : SubClassC Plant Organism (\PLANT -> and (forall PlantSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var PlantSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))) (forall PlantAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var PlantAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))));
+
+  -- AnatomicalStructures that 
+  -- are possessed exclusively by Plants.
+  fun PlantAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
+  fun PlantAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass PlantAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
+
+  -- BodySubstances that are produced 
+  -- exclusively by Plants.
+  fun PlantSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun PlantSubstance_Class : SubClass PlantSubstance BodySubstance ;
+
+  -- An extremely energetic PhysicalState that consists 
+  -- of atomic nuclei stripped of electrons. That is, a plasma is composed of 
+  -- positive ions and free electrons. Plasma behaves differently enough from 
+  -- Gas that it is referred to as the fourth state of matter.
+  fun Plasma  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+  -- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
+  -- can easily be altered.
+  fun Pliable  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Poisoning is caused by an external 
+  -- substance. Since Poisoning is not possible without some biologic 
+  -- function which affects the Organism being injured, it is a subclass 
+  -- of BiologicalProcess.
+  fun Poisoning  : Class ;
+  fun Poisoning_Class : SubClass Poisoning Injuring ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where the agent
+  -- pierces the surface of the Object with an instrument.
+  fun Poking  : Class ;
+  fun Poking_Class : SubClass Poking IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- Any GovernmentOrganization 
+  -- that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.
+  fun PoliceOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun PoliceOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliceOrganization GovernmentOrganization ;
+
+  -- An Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort 
+  -- of political change.
+  fun PoliticalOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun PoliticalOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliticalOrganization Organization ;
+
+  -- An OrganizationalProcess carried 
+  -- out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples 
+  -- would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, 
+  -- or even overthrowing a government in a revolution.
+  fun PoliticalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun PoliticalProcess_Class : SubClass PoliticalProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+  -- A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male 
+  -- gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same 
+  -- species.
+  fun Pollen  : Class ;
+  fun Pollen_Class : SubClass Pollen (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+  -- An Object with this Attribute has 
+  -- different colors on different parts of its surface.
+  fun Polychromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
+
+  -- A formal position of reponsibility within an 
+  -- Organization. Examples of Positions include president, laboratory 
+  -- director, senior researcher, sales representative, etc.
+  fun Position  : Class ;
+  fun Position_Class : SubClass Position SocialRole ;
+
+  -- Attributes characterizing the 
+  -- orientation of an Object, e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal, Left 
+  -- versus Right etc.
+  fun PositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun PositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass PositionalAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The TimePoint that is after all other TimePoints.
+  fun PositiveInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is greater than zero.
+  fun PositiveInteger  : Class ;
+  fun PositiveInteger_Class : SubClass PositiveInteger (both NonnegativeInteger PositiveRealNumber) ;
+
+  -- A RealNumber that is greater than 
+  -- zero.
+  fun PositiveRealNumber  : Class ;
+  fun PositiveRealNumber_NonnegativeRealNumber  : SubClassC PositiveRealNumber NonnegativeRealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThan(var NonnegativeRealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
+  -- possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world.
+  fun Possibility  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
+
+  -- English pound of force. The conversion
+  -- factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A
+  -- mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this 
+  -- constant.
+  fun PoundForce  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- English mass unit of pounds.
+  fun PoundMass  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- (PowerSetFn ?CLASS) maps the SetOrClass 
+  -- ?CLASS to the SetOrClass of all subclasses of ?CLASS.
+  fun PowerSetFn : El SetOrClass -> Desc SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- Precipitation is the process of 
+  -- water molecules falling from the air to the ground, in either a 
+  -- liquid or frozen state.
+  fun Precipitation  : Class ;
+  fun Precipitation_Class : SubClass Precipitation (both Falling (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess)) ;
+
+  -- A unary function that maps an Integer to 
+  -- its predecessor, e.g. the predecessor of 5 is 4.
+  fun PredecessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs 
+  -- which might be realized in the future.
+  fun Predicting  : Class ;
+  fun Predicting_Class : SubClass Predicting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- (PremisesFn ?ARGUMENT) returns the complete 
+  -- set of premises of the Argument ?ARGUMENT.
+  fun PremisesFn  : El Argument -> Ind Proposition ;
+
+  -- A Phrase that begins with a 
+  -- preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.
+  fun PrepositionalPhrase  : Class ;
+  fun PrepositionalPhrase_Class : SubClass PrepositionalPhrase Phrase ;
+
+  -- Any SocialInteraction where a 
+  -- CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make 
+  -- another CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents believe 
+  -- something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, 
+  -- impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few 
+  -- examples.
+  fun Pretending  : Class ;
+  fun Pretending_Class : SubClass Pretending SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- Colors which can be blended to form any 
+  -- color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.
+  fun PrimaryColor  : Class ;
+  fun PrimaryColor_Class : SubClass PrimaryColor ColorAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Mammals which are 
+  -- Primates.
+  fun Primate  : Class ;
+  fun Primate_Class : SubClass Primate Mammal ;
+
+  -- An Integer that is evenly divisible only 
+  -- by itself and 1.
+  fun PrimeNumber  : Class ;
+  fun PrimeNumber_Class : SubClass PrimeNumber Integer ;
+
+  -- A class containing all of the Attributes 
+  -- relating to objective, qualitative assessments of probability, e.g. Likely and 
+  -- Unlikely.
+  fun ProbabilityAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun ProbabilityAttribute_Class : SubClass ProbabilityAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
+
+  -- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations, 
+  -- ProbabilityFn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of 
+  -- affairs. (ProbabilityFn ?FORMULA) denotes the a priori probability 
+  -- of ?FORMULA.
+  fun ProbabilityFn  : Formula -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- A sequence_dependent specification. Some 
+  -- examples are ComputerPrograms, finite_state machines, cooking recipes, 
+  -- musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts 
+  -- of plays and movies.
+  fun Procedure  : Class ;
+  fun Procedure_Class : SubClass Procedure Proposition ;
+
+  -- The class of things that happen 
+  -- and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events 
+  -- like a football match or a race, actions like Pursuing and Reading, 
+  -- and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that occurs in
+  -- time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have 
+  -- participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players 
+  -- in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose 
+  -- spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages 
+  -- roughly perpendicular to the time_axis.
+  fun Process  : Class ;
+  fun Process_Class : SubClass Process Physical ;
+
+  -- An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture.
+  fun Product  : Class ;
+  fun Product_Class : SubClass Product Artifact ;
+
+  -- Prohibition is the DeonticAttribute that 
+  -- applies to Formulas that an Agent is forbidden, by some authority, 
+  -- to make true.
+  fun Prohibition  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Propositions that 
+  -- an Agent promises to make true. Promises may be implicit or explicit. 
+  -- They may be expressed in a written or verbal or gestural manner.
+  fun Promise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to the 
+  -- Set of Objects owned by the Agent.
+  fun PropertyFn  : El Agent -> Ind Set ;
+
+  -- Propositions are Abstract entities that 
+  -- express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, 
+  -- the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the 
+  -- entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that 
+  -- propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual 
+  -- sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by 
+  -- theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish 
+  -- Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A 
+  -- Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, 
+  -- but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. 
+  -- A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: 
+  -- strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is 
+  -- on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed 
+  -- on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence 
+  -- of sounds or by some non_latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form
+  fun Proposition  : Class ;
+  fun Proposition_Class : SubClass Proposition Abstract ;
+
+  -- The BodyPosition of lying down, being in a 
+  -- horizontal position.
+  fun Prostrate  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+  -- A Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by 
+  -- peptide bonds.
+  fun Protein  : Class ;
+  fun Protein_Class : SubClass Protein Nutrient ;
+
+  -- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have a 
+  -- positive charge.
+  fun Proton  : Class ;
+  fun Proton_Class : SubClass Proton SubatomicParticle ;
+
+  -- The Class of pseudographs. A pseudograph 
+  -- is a Graph containing at least one GraphLoop.
+  fun PseudoGraph  : Class ;
+  fun PseudoGraph_Class : SubClass PseudoGraph Graph ;
+
+  -- Attributes that characterize the mental 
+  -- or behavioral life of an Organism.
+  fun PsychologicalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun PsychologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PsychologicalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A clinically significant 
+  -- dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. 
+  -- These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies 
+  -- or manifestations.
+  fun PsychologicalDysfunction  : Class ;
+  fun PsychologicalDysfunction_Class : SubClass PsychologicalDysfunction (both DiseaseOrSyndrome PsychologicalAttribute) ;
+
+  -- A BiologicalProcess which takes place in 
+  -- the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior 
+  -- of the Organism.
+  fun PsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
+  fun PsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass PsychologicalProcess BiologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- The Manufacture of Texts. Note that 
+  -- there is no implication that the Texts are distributed. Such 
+  -- distribution, when it occurs, is an instance of Dissemination.
+  fun Publication  : Class ;
+  fun Publication_Class : SubClass Publication (both ContentDevelopment Manufacture) ;
+
+  -- A Contract between two Agents in 
+  -- which one Agent agrees to render the other some good or service in 
+  -- exchange for currency.
+  fun PurchaseContract  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Substances with constant 
+  -- composition. A PureSubstance can be either an element (ElementalSubstance) 
+  -- or a compound of elements (CompoundSubstance). Examples: Table salt 
+  -- (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), water (H_2O), 
+  -- iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2).
+  fun PureSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun PureSubstance_Class : SubClass PureSubstance Substance ;
+
+  -- The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is 
+  -- sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking.
+  fun Pursuing  : Class ;
+  fun Pursuing_Class : SubClass Pursuing IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where something is put 
+  -- in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole 
+  -- destination.
+  fun Putting  : Class ;
+  fun Putting_Class : SubClass Putting Transfer ;
+
+  -- Any specification of how many or how much of 
+  -- something there is. Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: 
+  -- Number (how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much).
+  fun Quantity  : Class ;
+  fun Quantity_Class : SubClass Quantity Abstract ;
+
+  -- Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity 
+  -- associated with the patient is altered.
+  fun QuantityChange  : Class ;
+  fun QuantityChange_Class : SubClass QuantityChange InternalChange ;
+
+  -- English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a 
+  -- UnitedStatesGallon.
+  fun Quart  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- A request for information. For example, John asked 
+  -- Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the Union 
+  -- address.
+  fun Questioning  : Class ;
+  fun Questioning_Class : SubClass Questioning Directing ;
+
+  -- SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the 
+  -- angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's 
+  -- radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a 
+  -- circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the 
+  -- radius. Radian = m/m = 1.
+  fun Radian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+  -- Processes in which some form of electromagnetic 
+  -- radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given 
+  -- off or absorbed by something else.
+  fun Radiating  : Class ;
+  fun Radiating_Class : SubClass Radiating Motion ;
+
+  -- RadiatingElectromagnetic 
+  -- is the subclass of Radiating processes in which electromagnetic 
+  -- radiation is transmitted or absorbed.
+  fun RadiatingElectromagnetic  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingElectromagnetic_Class : SubClass RadiatingElectromagnetic Radiating ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Radiating where the 
+  -- wavelengths are longer than those of visible light and shorter than those 
+  -- of radio emissions.
+  fun RadiatingInfrared  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingInfrared_Class : SubClass RadiatingInfrared RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Radiating in which 
+  -- light is given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking, flashing, 
+  -- and glittering.
+  fun RadiatingLight  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingLight_Class : SubClass RadiatingLight RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+
+  -- Releasing atomic energy, i.e. energy from 
+  -- a nuclear reaction.
+  fun RadiatingNuclear  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingNuclear_Class : SubClass RadiatingNuclear Radiating ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Radiating in which 
+  -- sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, 
+  -- roaring, and whistling.
+  fun RadiatingSound  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingSound_Class : SubClass RadiatingSound Radiating ;
+
+  fun RadiatingXRay  : Class ;
+  fun RadiatingXRay_Class : SubClass RadiatingXRay RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
+
+  -- A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 RankineDegrees is
+  -- the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees).
+  fun RankineDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
+
+  -- Any RealNumber that is the product of 
+  -- dividing two Integers.
+  fun RationalNumber  : Class ;
+  fun RationalNumber_Class : SubClass RationalNumber RealNumber ;
+
+  -- (RationalNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns 
+  -- the rational representation of ?NUMBER.
+  fun RationalNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RationalNumber ;
+
+  -- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
+  -- content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. 
+  -- Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a 
+  -- Text is read silently.
+  fun Reading  : Class ;
+  fun Reading_Class : SubClass Reading ContentDevelopment ;
+
+  -- Any Number that can be expressed as a 
+  -- (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any Number that has a position 
+  -- on the number line.
+  fun RealNumber  : Class ;
+  fun RealNumber_Class : SubClass RealNumber Number ;
+
+  -- (RealNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of 
+  -- ?NUMBER that is a RealNumber.
+  fun RealNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- which involve concluding, on the basis of either deductive or inductive 
+  -- evidence, that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.
+  fun Reasoning  : Class ;
+  fun Reasoning_Class : SubClass Reasoning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- (ReciprocalFn ?NUMBER) is the reciprocal 
+  -- element of ?NUMBER with respect to the multiplication operator 
+  -- (MultiplicationFn), i.e. 1/?NUMBER. Not all numbers have a reciprocal 
+  -- element. For example the number 0 does not. If a number ?NUMBER has a 
+  -- reciprocal ?RECIP, then the product of ?NUMBER and ?RECIP will be 
+  -- 1, e.g. 3*1/3 = 1. The reciprocal of an element is equal to 
+  -- applying the ExponentiationFn function to the element to the power 
+  -- _1.
+  fun ReciprocalFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- A Process that is carried out for 
+  -- the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a 
+  -- subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether 
+  -- or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same 
+  -- program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely 
+  -- to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an 
+  -- instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of 
+  -- watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since 
+  -- being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention).
+  fun RecreationOrExercise  : Class ;
+  fun RecreationOrExercise_Class : SubClass RecreationOrExercise IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- A function that is useful for generating 
+  -- recurring time intervals. For example, (RecurrentTimeIntervalFn (HourFn 6 Day) 
+  -- (HourFn 12 Day)) returns the Class of TimeIntervals beginning at 6 in the 
+  -- morning and ending at 12 noon. For another example, (RecurrentTimeInterval 
+  -- Saturday Sunday) returns the Class of all weekends. For still another example, 
+  -- (RecurrentTimeInterval June August) returns the Class containing the academic 
+  -- summer period.
+  fun RecurrentTimeIntervalFn : Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of redness.
+  fun Red  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+  -- A topographic location. Regions encompass 
+  -- surfaces of Objects, imaginary places, and GeographicAreas. Note 
+  -- that a Region is the only kind of Object which can be located at 
+  -- itself. Note too that Region is not a subclass of SelfConnectedObject, 
+  -- because some Regions, e.g. archipelagos, have parts which are not 
+  -- connected with one another.
+  fun Region  : Class ;
+  fun Region_Class : SubClass Region Object ;
+
+  -- an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement 
+  -- of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
+  -- and the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship 
+  -- between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed, while the 
+  -- former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are 
+  -- referred.
+  fun RegulatoryProcess  : Class ;
+  fun RegulatoryProcess_Class : SubClass RegulatoryProcess Guiding ;
+
+  -- Any Attribute that an Entity has by 
+  -- virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities, 
+  -- e.g. SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.
+  fun RelationalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun RelationalAttribute_Class : SubClass RelationalAttribute Attribute ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
+  -- SetOrClasses to the difference between these SetOrClasses. More 
+  -- precisely, (RelativeComplementFn ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) denotes the instances 
+  -- of ?CLASS1 that are not also instances of ?CLASS2.
+  fun RelativeComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A means of converting TimePositions 
+  -- between different TimeZones. (RelativeTimeFn ?TIME ?ZONE) 
+  -- denotes the TimePosition in CoordinatedUniversalTime that is 
+  -- contemporaneous with the TimePosition ?TIME in TimeZone ?ZONE.
+  -- For example, (RelativeTimeFn (MeasureFn 14 HourDuration) EasternTimeZone) 
+  -- would return the value (MeasureFn 19 HourDuration).
+  fun RelativeTimeFn  : El TimePosition -> El TimeZone -> Ind TimePosition ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Transfer which results in 
+  -- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
+  -- which he/she grasps previously.
+  fun Releasing  : Class ;
+  fun Releasing_Class : SubClass Releasing Transfer ;
+
+  -- An Organization whose members 
+  -- share a set of religious beliefs.
+  fun ReligiousOrganization  : Class ;
+  fun ReligiousOrganization_Class : SubClass ReligiousOrganization (both BeliefGroup Organization) ;
+
+  -- An OrganizationalProcess that is 
+  -- carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.
+  fun ReligiousProcess  : Class ;
+  fun ReligiousProcess_Class : SubClass ReligiousProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
+
+  -- (RemainderFn ?NUMBER ?DIVISOR) is the 
+  -- remainder of the number ?NUMBER divided by the number ?DIVISOR. 
+  -- The result has the same sign as ?DIVISOR.
+  fun RemainderFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which 
+  -- involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge 
+  -- which was previously acquired.
+  fun Remembering  : Class ;
+  fun Remembering_Class : SubClass Remembering PsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where something is 
+  -- taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location 
+  -- are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively.
+  fun Removing  : Class ;
+  fun Removing_Class : SubClass Removing Transfer ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where the agent 
+  -- makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not 
+  -- functioning as intended so that it works properly.
+  fun Repairing  : Class ;
+  fun Repairing_Class : SubClass Repairing IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- The Process of biological reproduction. 
+  -- This can be either a sexual or an asexual process.
+  fun Replication  : Class ;
+  fun Replication_Class : SubClass Replication OrganismProcess ;
+
+  -- Any ArtWork that represents 
+  -- something Physical.
+  fun RepresentationalArtWork  : Class ;
+  fun RepresentationalArtWork_Class : SubClass RepresentationalArtWork (both ArtWork Icon) ;
+
+  -- Reproductive structure of Organisms. 
+  -- Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. 
+  -- Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and FruitOrVegetables, as 
+  -- well as the eggs produced by Animals.
+  fun ReproductiveBody  : Class ;
+  fun ReproductiveBody_Class : SubClass ReproductiveBody BodyPart ;
+
+  -- A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external 
+  -- covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of 
+  -- Lungs and generally lay eggs.
+  fun Reptile  : Class ;
+  fun Reptile_Class : SubClass Reptile ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
+
+  -- A request expresses a desire that some future 
+  -- action be performed. For example, the 5th Battalion requested air support 
+  -- from the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals, 
+  -- recommendations, suggestions, etc.
+  fun Requesting  : Class ;
+  fun Requesting_Class : SubClass Requesting Directing ;
+
+  -- A Building or part of a Building which provides 
+  -- some accomodation for sleeping.
+  fun Residence  : Class ;
+  fun Residence_Class : SubClass Residence StationaryArtifact ;
+
+  -- A Building which provides some 
+  -- accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just 
+  -- permanent residences, e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, 
+  -- but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. 
+  -- ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from CommercialBuildings, 
+  -- which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential 
+  -- function.
+  fun ResidentialBuilding  : Class ;
+  fun ResidentialBuilding_Class : SubClass ResidentialBuilding (both Building Residence) ;
+
+  -- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
+  -- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right, so that, 
+  -- if one object is to the right of another, then the projections of the 
+  -- two objects overlap.
+  fun Right  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
+  -- cannot be altered without breaking.
+  fun Rigid  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways 
+  -- that are areas intended for surface travel by self_powered, wheeled 
+  -- vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been 
+  -- at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. 
+  -- Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and 
+  -- expressways.
+  fun Roadway  : Class ;
+  fun Roadway_Class : SubClass Roadway LandTransitway ;
+
+  -- The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs 
+  -- of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and 
+  -- rabbits.
+  fun Rodent  : Class ;
+  fun Rodent_Class : SubClass Rodent Mammal ;
+
+  -- A properPart of a Building which is separated from 
+  -- the exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. 
+  -- Some Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, 
+  -- entertainment, etc.
+  fun Room  : Class ;
+  fun Room_Class : SubClass Room StationaryArtifact ;
+
+  -- An Object with this Attribute has a rough 
+  -- surface.
+  fun Rough  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
+
+  -- (RoundFn ?NUMBER) is the Integer closest 
+  -- to ?NUMBER on the number line. If ?NUMBER is halfway between two 
+  -- Integers (for example 3.5), it denotes the larger Integer.
+  fun RoundFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a 
+  -- way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a 
+  -- period of time.
+  fun Running  : Class ;
+  fun Running_Class : SubClass Running Ambulating ;
+
+  -- A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. 
+  -- oceans and seas.
+  fun SaltWaterArea  : Class ;
+  fun SaltWaterArea_Class : SubClass SaltWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+  -- A Class of Attributes that specify, in 
+  -- a qualitative manner, the extent of the presence of one kind of Object in 
+  -- another kind of Object.
+  fun SaturationAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun SaturationAttribute_Class : SubClass SaturationAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Saturdays.
+  fun Saturday  : Class ;
+  fun Saturday_Class : SubClass Saturday Day ;
+
+  -- The Class of all clock Seconds.
+  fun Second  : Class ;
+  fun Second_Class : SubClass Second TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- SI UnitOfDuration. Symbol: s. 
+  -- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
+  -- follows: the SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of 
+  -- the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine 
+  -- levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
+  fun SecondDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and a 
+  -- subclass of Minutes to the Seconds within each Minute corresponding to that 
+  -- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (SecondFn 4 (MinuteFn 5 Hour)) is the Class 
+  -- of all fourth Seconds of every fifth Minute of every hour. For another example, 
+  -- (SecondFn 8 Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still 
+  -- another example, 
+  --
+  -- (SecondFn 9 (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912)))))) 
+  --
+  -- denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.
+  fun SecondFn : El PositiveRealNumber -> Desc Minute -> Desc Second ;
+
+  -- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody 
+  -- of a FloweringPlant.
+  fun Seed  : Class ;
+  fun Seed_Class : SubClass Seed (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+  -- sensing is done by an ocular Organ.
+  fun Seeing  : Class ;
+  fun Seeing_Class : SubClass Seeing Perception ;
+
+  -- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
+  -- which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. 
+  -- Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.
+  fun Selecting  : Class ;
+  fun Selecting_Class : SubClass Selecting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
+
+  -- A SelfConnectedObject is any 
+  -- Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.
+  fun SelfConnectedObject  : Class ;
+  fun SelfConnectedObject_Class : SubClass SelfConnectedObject Object ;
+
+  -- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
+  -- Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.
+  fun Selling  : Class ;
+  fun Selling_Class : SubClass Selling FinancialTransaction ;
+
+  -- A syntactically well_formed formula of a 
+  -- Language. It includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which 
+  -- may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a Proposition.
+  fun Sentence  : Class ;
+  fun Sentence_Class : SubClass Sentence LinguisticExpression ;
+
+  -- An Agent that has rights but may or may 
+  -- not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are 
+  -- present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. 
+  -- Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not 
+  -- also CognitiveAgents.
+  fun SentientAgent  : Class ;
+  fun SentientAgent_Class : SubClass SentientAgent Agent ;
+
+  -- A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is 
+  -- separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different 
+  -- from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not 
+  -- being connected. Note too that Separating is different from 
+  -- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated 
+  -- may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated.
+  fun Separating  : Class ;
+  fun Separating_Class : SubClass Separating DualObjectProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Months which are September.
+  fun September  : Class ;
+  fun September_Class : SubClass September Month ;
+
+  -- A Text consisting of multiple self_contained units. 
+  -- Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television 
+  -- series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc.
+  fun Series  : Class ;
+  fun Series_Class : SubClass Series Text ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps a type of Series 
+  -- (e.g. the Encyclopedia_Britannica or the Popular_Mechanics periodical) and a 
+  -- number to the volumes of the text type designated by the number.
+  fun SeriesVolumeFn : Desc Series -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Text ;
+
+  -- ServiceProcess denotes the class
+  -- of events in which one agent performs a service for another. The
+  -- service need not be commercial, and it need not be the case that
+  -- the serviceRecipient pays or recompenses the serviceProvider
+  -- for the service.
+  fun ServiceProcess  : Class ;
+  fun ServiceProcess_Class : SubClass ServiceProcess SocialInteraction ;
+
+  -- A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as
+  -- other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ 
+  -- from Classes in two important respects. First, Sets are extensional _ 
+  -- two Sets with the same elements are identical. Second, a Set can be 
+  -- an arbitrary stock of objects. That is, there is no requirement that Sets 
+  -- have an associated condition that determines their membership. Note that Sets 
+  -- are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. elements of a Set may occur more 
+  -- than once in the Set.
+  fun Set  : Class ;
+  fun Set_Class : SubClass Set SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- The SetOrClass of Sets
+  -- and Classes, i.e. any instance of Abstract that has elements or
+  -- instances.
+  fun SetOrClass  : Class ;
+  fun SetOrClass_Class : SubClass SetOrClass Abstract ;
+
+  -- Attributes that indicate the sex of an 
+  -- Organism.
+  fun SexAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun SexAttribute_Class : SubClass SexAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Sexual Processes of biological 
+  -- reproduction.
+  fun SexualReproduction  : Class ;
+  fun SexualReproduction_Class : SubClass SexualReproduction Replication ;
+
+  -- Any Attribute that relates to the 
+  -- shape of an Object.
+  fun ShapeAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun ShapeAttribute_Class : SubClass ShapeAttribute InternalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Process of changing the shape of an Object.
+  fun ShapeChange  : Class ;
+  fun ShapeChange_Class : SubClass ShapeChange InternalChange ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Impelling where the patient 
+  -- is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of 
+  -- Device.
+  fun Shooting  : Class ;
+  fun Shooting_Class : SubClass Shooting Impelling ;
+
+  -- A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 
+  -- 1_3 km wide bordering a body of water, such as an ocean, bay, river, 
+  -- or lake. A ShoreArea may comprise a variety of LandForms, such as dunes, 
+  -- sloughs, and marshes.
+  fun ShoreArea  : Class ;
+  fun ShoreArea_Class : SubClass ShoreArea LandArea ;
+
+  -- SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. 
+  -- In the case of direct current, the conductance in Siemens is the 
+  -- reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms, in the case of alternating current, 
+  -- it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = 
+  -- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^(3)*A^2.
+  fun Siemens  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is 
+  -- a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The Sievert makes it 
+  -- possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes 
+  -- into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, 
+  -- since each form of such radiation__e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons__
+  -- has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed 
+  -- dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in Sievert) is 
+  -- the dose of the radiation in Gray multiplied by a quality factor that 
+  -- is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. 
+  -- Accordingly, one Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation 
+  -- roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one Gray of gamma 
+  -- radiation. Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(_2)
+  fun Sievert  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- (SignumFn ?NUMBER) denotes the sign of ?NUMBER. 
+  -- This is one of the following values: _1, 1, or 0.
+  fun SignumFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- (SineFn ?DEGREE) is the sine of the 
+  -- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The sine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side 
+  -- opposite ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
+  fun SineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- Speaking that is also Music.
+  fun Singing  : Class ;
+  fun Singing_Class : SubClass Singing (both Music Speaking) ;
+
+  -- SingleAgentProcess 
+  -- is the Class of all Processes that require exactly one agent in order to occur.
+  fun SingleAgentProcess  : Class ;
+  fun SingleAgentProcess_Class : SubClass SingleAgentProcess Process ;
+
+  -- A PermanentResidence which is 
+  -- intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers 
+  -- Houses, ApartmentUnits, and CondominiumUnits.
+  fun SingleFamilyResidence  : Class ;
+  fun SingleFamilyResidence_Class : SubClass SingleFamilyResidence PermanentResidence ;
+
+  -- The BodyPosition of being recumbent, i.e. 
+  -- knees bent and back side supported.
+  fun Sitting  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+  -- The system of Bones that make up the supporting structure 
+  -- of Vertebrates.
+  fun Skeleton  : Class ;
+  fun Skeleton_Class : SubClass Skeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
+
+  -- English mass unit of slugs.
+  fun Slug  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+  -- sensing is done by an olefactory Organ.
+  fun Smelling  : Class ;
+  fun Smelling_Class : SubClass Smelling Perception ;
+
+  -- A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is 
+  -- produced by Combustion.
+  fun Smoke  : Class ;
+  fun Smoke_Class : SubClass Smoke Cloud ;
+
+  -- An Object with this Attribute has a smooth 
+  -- surface.
+  fun Smooth  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
+
+  -- The subclass of 
+  -- IntentionalProcess that involves interactions between 
+  -- CognitiveAgents.
+  fun SocialInteraction  : Class ;
+  fun SocialInteraction_Class : SubClass SocialInteraction IntentionalProcess ;
+
+  -- The Class of all Attributes that 
+  -- specify the position or status of a CognitiveAgent within an 
+  -- Organization or other Group.
+  fun SocialRole  : Class ;
+  fun SocialRole_Class : SubClass SocialRole RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A GroupOfPeople who all have the same home.
+  fun SocialUnit  : Class ;
+  fun SocialUnit_Class : SubClass SocialUnit GroupOfPeople ;
+
+  -- An Object has the Attribute of Solid if it 
+  -- has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
+  fun Solid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
+
+  -- The value of an angle in a solid.
+  fun SolidAngleMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun SolidAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass SolidAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
+
+  -- A liquid mixture. The most abundant component in 
+  -- a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. 
+  -- A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition. 
+  -- Any amount of salt, up to a maximum limit, can be dissolved in a given 
+  -- amount of water.
+  fun Solution  : Class ;
+  fun Solution_Class : SubClass Solution LiquidMixture ;
+
+  -- The volume of sound relative to a listener.
+  fun SoundAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun SoundAttribute_Class : SubClass SoundAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The compass direction of South.
+  fun South  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a 
+  -- Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which 
+  -- involves his/her vocal cords.
+  fun Speaking  : Class ;
+  fun Speaking_Class : SubClass Speaking (both LinguisticCommunication Vocalizing) ;
+
+  -- Maps an instance of LengthMeasure and an instance of 
+  -- TimeDuration to the speed represented by this proportion of distance and time. 
+  -- For example, (SpeedFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile)(MeasureFn 1 HourDuration)) 
+  -- represents the velocity of 55 miles per hour.
+  fun SpeedFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- A flexible column made out of bones called 
+  -- vertebrae. The main function of the SpinalColumn is to protect the 
+  -- spinal cord.
+  fun SpinalColumn  : Class ;
+  fun SpinalColumn_Class : SubClass SpinalColumn (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
+
+  -- A SpokenHumanLanguage is a
+  -- HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also 
+  -- berepresented visually through writing, although not all 
+  -- SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified written form.
+  fun SpokenHumanLanguage  : Class ;
+  fun SpokenHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass SpokenHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
+
+  -- Any ReproductiveBody of a NonFloweringPlant.
+  fun Spore  : Class ;
+  fun Spore_Class : SubClass Spore (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
+
+  -- A Game which requires some degree of physical 
+  -- exercion from the participants of the game.
+  fun Sport  : Class ;
+  fun Sport_Class : SubClass Sport Game ;
+
+  -- (SquareRootFn ?NUMBER) is the principal 
+  -- square root of ?NUMBER.
+  fun SquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Number ;
+
+  -- The BodyPosition of being upright, i.e. being 
+  -- fully extended and supported by nothing other than one's own feet.
+  fun Standing  : Ind BodyPosition ;
+
+  -- Any Process where the PhysicalState 
+  -- of part of the patient of the Process changes.
+  fun StateChange  : Class ;
+  fun StateChange_Class : SubClass StateChange InternalChange ;
+
+  -- The class StateOfMind is distinguished from 
+  -- its complement TraitAttribute by the fact that instances of the former are 
+  -- transient while instances of the latter are persistent features of a creature's behavioral/psychological make_up.
+  fun StateOfMind  : Class ;
+  fun StateOfMind_Class : SubClass StateOfMind PsychologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Administrative subdivisions of a 
+  -- Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that 
+  -- may exist. This Class includes the states of the United States, as 
+  -- well as the provinces of Canada and European countries.
+  fun StateOrProvince  : Class ;
+  fun StateOrProvince_Class : SubClass StateOrProvince (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
+
+  -- A WaterArea in which water does not flow 
+  -- constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.
+  fun StaticWaterArea  : Class ;
+  fun StaticWaterArea_Class : SubClass StaticWaterArea WaterArea ;
+
+  -- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. 
+  -- For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.
+  fun Stating  : Class ;
+  fun Stating_Class : SubClass Stating LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+  -- A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact 
+  -- that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are 
+  -- architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, 
+  -- single_family houses, etc.
+  fun StationaryArtifact  : Class ;
+  fun StationaryArtifact_Class : SubClass StationaryArtifact Artifact ;
+
+  -- SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is 
+  -- the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose 
+  -- area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition 
+  -- is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, 
+  -- cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square 
+  -- with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = 
+  -- m^2/m^2 = 1.
+  fun Steradian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
+
+  -- A relatively narrow WaterArea where the 
+  -- water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, 
+  -- etc.
+  fun StreamWaterArea  : Class ;
+  fun StreamWaterArea_Class : SubClass StreamWaterArea (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;
+
+  -- The class of ElementalSubstances that 
+  -- are smaller than Atoms and compose Atoms.
+  fun SubatomicParticle  : Class ;
+  fun SubatomicParticle_Class : SubClass SubatomicParticle ElementalSubstance ;
+
+  -- The Class of NormativeAttributes
+  -- which lack an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. the attribution of 
+  -- these Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the 
+  -- same subject over time. This Class is, generally speaking, only used when 
+  -- mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a knowledge 
+  -- source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, it is assigned to 
+  -- this Class.
+  fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute_Class : SubClass SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute NormativeAttribute ;
+
+  -- An Object in which every part is similar to 
+  -- every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a 
+  -- Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts _ any parts have 
+  -- properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance 
+  -- may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the 
+  -- temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part 
+  -- to another. An example would be a body of water.
+  fun Substance  : Class ;
+  fun Substance_Class : SubClass Substance SelfConnectedObject ;
+
+  -- The Class of Transfers where one thing is 
+  -- replaced with something else.
+  fun Substituting  : Class ;
+  fun Substituting_Class : SubClass Substituting (both DualObjectProcess Transfer) ;
+
+  -- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
+  -- then (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical difference 
+  -- between ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 minus ?NUMBER2. An 
+  -- exception occurs when ?NUMBER1 is equal to 0, in which case 
+  -- (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the negation of ?NUMBER2.
+  fun SubtractionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to 
+  -- its successor, e.g. the successor of 5 is 6.
+  fun SuccessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
+
+  -- A short Text that is a summary of another, 
+  -- longer Text.
+  fun Summary  : Class ;
+  fun Summary_Class : SubClass Summary Text ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Sundays.
+  fun Sunday  : Class ;
+  fun Sunday_Class : SubClass Sunday Day ;
+
+  -- Instances of this Class suppose, for the sake of 
+  -- argument, that a proposition is true. For example, John considered what he 
+  -- would do if he won the lottery.
+  fun Supposing  : Class ;
+  fun Supposing_Class : SubClass Supposing LinguisticCommunication ;
+
+  -- Processes which involve altering 
+  -- the properties that apply to the surface of an Object.
+  fun SurfaceChange  : Class ;
+  fun SurfaceChange_Class : SubClass SurfaceChange InternalChange ;
+
+  -- Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an 
+  -- incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess.
+  fun Surgery  : Class ;
+  fun Surgery_Class : SubClass Surgery TherapeuticProcess ;
+
+  -- A LiquidMixture where at least one of the 
+  -- components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture 
+  -- but is not dissolved in it.
+  fun Suspension  : Class ;
+  fun Suspension_Class : SubClass Suspension LiquidMixture ;
+
+  -- Any deliberate and controlled BodyMotion 
+  -- through water that is accomplished by an Organism.
+  fun Swimming  : Class ;
+  fun Swimming_Class : SubClass Swimming BodyMotion ;
+
+  -- The Class of alphanumeric sequences.
+  fun SymbolicString  : Class ;
+  fun SymbolicString_Class : SubClass SymbolicString ContentBearingObject ;
+
+  -- SymmetricAttribute is the class of 
+  -- PositionalAttribute that hold between two items regardless of their 
+  -- order or orientation.
+  fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass SymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- Any Substance that is the result of an 
+  -- IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans.
+  fun SyntheticSubstance  : Class ;
+  fun SyntheticSubstance_Substance  : SubClassC SyntheticSubstance Substance 
+                                                (\SUBSTANCE -> exists IntentionalProcess
+                                                                      (\PROCESS -> result (var IntentionalProcess Process ? PROCESS)
+                                                                                          (var Substance Entity ? SUBSTANCE)));
+
+  -- The Class of Systeme 
+  -- International (SI) units.
+  fun SystemeInternationalUnit  : Class ;
+  fun SystemeInternationalUnit_Class : SubClass SystemeInternationalUnit UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Perception in which 
+  -- the sensing is done by Touching. Note that Touching need not involve 
+  -- TactilePerception. For example, a person who has lost all sensation in 
+  -- both of his legs would have no TactilePerception of anything his legs 
+  -- were Touching.
+  fun TactilePerception  : Class ;
+  fun TactilePerception_Class : SubClass TactilePerception Perception ;
+
+  -- (TangentFn ?DEGREE) is the tangent of the 
+  -- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The tangent of ?DEGREE is the ratio of 
+  -- the side opposite ?DEGREE to the side next to ?DEGREE in a right_angled 
+  -- triangle.
+  fun TangentFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
+
+  -- The Class of Attributes relating to 
+  -- the taste of Objects.
+  fun TasteAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun TasteAttribute_Class : SubClass TasteAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+  -- The subclass of Perception in which the 
+  -- sensing is done by of an Organ which can discriminate various tastes.
+  fun Tasting  : Class ;
+  fun Tasting_Class : SubClass Tasting Perception ;
+
+  -- Measures of temperature. 
+  -- In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the 
+  -- average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.
+  fun TemperatureMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun TemperatureMeasure_Class : SubClass TemperatureMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- The basic Function for expressing 
+  -- the composition of larger TimeIntervals out of smaller TimeIntervals. 
+  -- For example, if ThisSeptember is an instance of September, 
+  -- (TemporalCompositionFn ThisSeptember Day) denotes the Class of 
+  -- consecutive days that make up ThisSeptember. Note that one can obtain 
+  -- the number of instances of this Class by using the function CardinalityFn.
+  fun TemporalCompositionFn : El TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- A Residence which is strictly temporary, 
+  -- i.e. where no one makes his/her home.
+  fun TemporaryResidence  : Class ;
+  fun TemporaryResidence_Class : SubClass TemporaryResidence Residence ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure 
+  -- into a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000,000 units of the original 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (TeraFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000,000 Hertz.
+  fun TeraFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
+  -- GraphArc to the terminal node of the GraphArc. Note that this 
+  -- is a partial function. In particular, the function is undefined 
+  -- for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
+  fun TerminalNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
+
+  -- OrganizationalProcesses where someone 
+  -- ceases to be an employee of an Organization. Note that this covers being 
+  -- laid off, being fired, and voluntarily leaving a job.
+  fun TerminatingEmployment  : Class ;
+  fun TerminatingEmployment_Class : SubClass TerminatingEmployment LeavingAnOrganization ;
+
+  -- SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T.
+  -- One Tesla equals one Weber per square Meter. Tesla = Wb/m^2 = 
+  -- kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
+  fun Tesla  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A LinguisticExpression or set of 
+  -- LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related 
+  -- to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular 
+  -- topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans.
+  fun Text  : Class ;
+  fun Text_Class : SubClass Text (both Artifact (both ContentBearingObject LinguisticExpression)) ;
+
+  -- Any Attribute that characterizes the 
+  -- texture of an Object.
+  fun TextureAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun TextureAttribute_Class : SubClass TextureAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Process that is carried out 
+  -- for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated 
+  -- with a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
+  fun TherapeuticProcess  : Class ;
+  fun TherapeuticProcess_Class : SubClass TherapeuticProcess Repairing ;
+
+  -- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+  -- have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids 
+  -- like polyhedrons and cylinders.
+  fun ThreeDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+  fun ThreeDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ThreeDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Thursdays.
+  fun Thursday  : Class ;
+  fun Thursday_Class : SubClass Thursday Day ;
+
+  -- A UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of continuous time. All instances of
+  -- this Class are returned by Functions that map a time quantity into
+  -- another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the
+  -- temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a
+  -- TimeDependentQuantity, since its value depends on the time.
+  fun TimeDependentQuantity  : Class ;
+  fun TimeDependentQuantity_Class : SubClass TimeDependentQuantity UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- Any measure of length of time, 
+  -- with or without respect to the universal timeline.
+  fun TimeDuration  : Class ;
+  fun TimeDuration_Class : SubClass TimeDuration TimeMeasure ;
+
+  -- An interval of time.
+  -- Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the
+  -- universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps,
+  -- i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.
+  fun TimeInterval  : Class ;
+  fun TimeInterval_Class : SubClass TimeInterval TimePosition ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that takes two TimePoints 
+  -- as arguments and returns the TimeInterval defined by these two TimePoints. 
+  -- Note that the first TimePoint must occur earlier than the second TimePoint.
+  fun TimeIntervalFn  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- The class of temporal durations (instances 
+  -- of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along 
+  -- the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition).
+  fun TimeMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun TimeMeasure_Class : SubClass TimeMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
+
+  -- An extensionless point on
+  -- the universal timeline. The TimePoints at which Processes occur
+  -- can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but
+  -- conceptually TimePoints are point_like and not interval_like. That
+  -- is, it doesn't make sense to talk about how long a TimePoint
+  -- lasts.
+  fun TimePoint  : Class ;
+  fun TimePoint_Class : SubClass TimePoint TimePosition ;
+
+  -- Any TimePoint or TimeInterval 
+  -- along the universal timeline from NegativeInfinity to 
+  -- PositiveInfinity.
+  fun TimePosition  : Class ;
+  fun TimePosition_Class : SubClass TimePosition TimeMeasure ;
+
+  -- An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates 
+  -- in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to 
+  -- the same TimePositions.
+  fun TimeZone  : Class ;
+  fun TimeZone_Class : SubClass TimeZone RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells 
+  -- and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively 
+  -- non_localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. 
+  -- The main features of Tissues are self_connectivity (see 
+  -- SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the 
+  -- same granularity are instances of Tissue as well).
+  fun Tissue  : Class ;
+  fun Tissue_Class : SubClass Tissue BodySubstance ;
+
+  -- Any Transfer where two Objects are 
+  -- brought into immediate physical contact with one another.
+  fun Touching  : Class ;
+  fun Touching_Class : SubClass Touching Transfer ;
+
+  -- Attributes that indicate the the 
+  -- behavior/personality traits of an Organism.
+  fun TraitAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun TraitAttribute_Class : SubClass TraitAttribute PsychologicalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where 
+  -- something is exchanged for something else.
+  fun Transaction  : Class ;
+  fun Transaction_Class : SubClass Transaction (both ChangeOfPossession DualObjectProcess) ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Translocation where the agent 
+  -- and the patient are not the same thing.
+  fun Transfer  : Class ;
+  fun Transfer_Class : SubClass Transfer Translocation ;
+
+  -- Transitway is the broadest class 
+  -- of regions which may be passed through as a path in instances 
+  -- of Translocation. Transitway includes land, air, and sea 
+  -- regions, and it includes both natural and artificial transitways.
+  fun Transitway  : Class ;
+  fun Transitway_Class : SubClass Transitway (both Region SelfConnectedObject) ;
+
+  -- Converting content from one Language into another. 
+  -- This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written translation.
+  fun Translating  : Class ;
+  fun Translating_Class : SubClass Translating (both ContentDevelopment DualObjectProcess) ;
+
+  -- Translocation is that class of Motions 
+  -- in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round 
+  -- trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening 
+  -- motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear 
+  -- motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is 
+  -- not necessary, Ambulating is a kind of Translocation.
+  fun Translocation  : Class ;
+  fun Translocation_Class : SubClass Translocation Motion ;
+
+  -- Motion from one point to another by means 
+  -- of a TransportationDevice.
+  fun Transportation  : Class ;
+  fun Transportation_Class : SubClass Transportation Translocation ;
+
+  -- A TransportationDevice is a Device 
+  -- which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries 
+  -- the patient of the Process from one point to another.
+  fun TransportationDevice  : Class ;
+  fun TransportationDevice_Class : SubClass TransportationDevice Device ;
+
+  -- A Tree is a DirectedGraph that has no 
+  -- GraphLoops.
+  fun Tree  : Class ;
+  fun Tree_Class : SubClass Tree Graph ;
+
+  -- The TruthValue of being true.
+  fun True  : Ind TruthValue ;
+
+  -- The Class of truth values, e.g. True and 
+  -- False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions.
+  fun TruthValue  : Class ;
+  fun TruthValue_Class : SubClass TruthValue RelationalAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.
+  fun Tuesday  : Class ;
+  fun Tuesday_Class : SubClass Tuesday Day ;
+
+  -- Any two OneDimensionalFigures (i.e. 
+  -- straight lines) meeting at a single GeometricPoint.
+  fun TwoDimensionalAngle  : Class ;
+  fun TwoDimensionalAngle_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalAngle OpenTwoDimensionalFigure ;
+
+  -- The class of GeometricFigures that 
+  -- have position and an extension along two dimensions, viz. plane figures 
+  -- like circles and polygons.
+  fun TwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
+  fun TwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
+
+  -- A subclass of FunctionQuantity, instances of which are returned by
+  -- UnaryFunctions that map from one instance of the Class
+  -- ConstantQuantity to another instance of the Class
+  -- ConstantQuantity.
+  fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity  : Class ;
+  fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- Attribute that applies to Organisms that 
+  -- are unconscious. An Organism may be Unconscious because it is Dead 
+  -- or because of a blow to the head, a drug, etc.
+  fun Unconscious  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Removing processes where the agent 
+  -- uncovers the patient, either completely or only partially.
+  fun Uncovering  : Class ;
+  fun Uncovering_Class : SubClass Uncovering Removing ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of a CognitiveAgent when 
+  -- he/she is unemployed.
+  fun Unemployed  : Ind SocialRole ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Detaching which results in 
+  -- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
+  -- which he/she grasps previously.
+  fun Ungrasping  : Class ;
+  fun Ungrasping_Class : SubClass Ungrasping Detaching ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Getting that is not part 
+  -- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing 
+  -- is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, 
+  -- commandeering, stealing, etc.
+  fun UnilateralGetting  : Class ;
+  fun UnilateralGetting_Class : SubClass UnilateralGetting Getting ;
+
+  -- Any instance of Giving that is not part 
+  -- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Giving where nothing 
+  -- is received in return. Some examples of UnilateralGiving are: honorary 
+  -- awards, gifts, and financial grants.
+  fun UnilateralGiving  : Class ;
+  fun UnilateralGiving_Class : SubClass UnilateralGiving Giving ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of Regions that are 
+  -- unilluminated, i.e in which no shapes are visually discernable.
+  fun Unilluminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
+
+  -- A BinaryFunction that maps two SetOrClasses to 
+  -- the union of these SetOrClasses. An object is an element of the union 
+  -- of two SetOrClasses just in case it is an instance of either SetOrClass.
+  fun UnionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
+
+  -- A List in which no item appears more than once, 
+  -- i.e. a List for which there are no distinct numbers ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 
+  -- such that (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1) and (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2) 
+  -- return the same value.
+  fun UniqueList  : Class ;
+  fun UniqueList_Class : SubClass UniqueList List ;
+
+  -- UnitFn returns just the UnitOfMeasure of a PhysicalQuantity with an associated
+  -- UnitOfMeasure and RealNumber magnitude. For example, the unit of
+  -- the ConstantQuantity (MeasureFn 2 Kilometer) is the
+  -- UnitOfMeasure Kilometer.
+  fun UnitFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used
+  -- with MeasureFn to form instances of AngleMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfAngularMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfAngularMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAngularMeasure NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of AreaMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfArea  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfArea_Class : SubClass UnitOfArea CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- UnitOfAtmosphericPressure includes those instances of
+  -- UnitOfMeasure used to measure atmospheric pressure (barometricPressure),
+  -- e.g., InchMercury.
+  fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAtmosphericPressure CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of CurrencyMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfCurrency  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfCurrency_Class : SubClass UnitOfCurrency NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of TimeDuration. Note that TimeDuration is a subclass of TimeMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfDuration  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfDuration_Class : SubClass UnitOfDuration NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this
+  -- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of FrequencyMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfFrequency  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfFrequency_Class : SubClass UnitOfFrequency CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this
+  -- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of InformationMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfInformation  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfInformation_Class : SubClass UnitOfInformation NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this
+  -- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of LengthMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfLength  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfLength_Class : SubClass UnitOfLength NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this
+  -- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of MassMeasure, which denote the amount of matter in
+  -- PhysicalObjects.
+  fun UnitOfMass  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfMass_Class : SubClass UnitOfMass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A standard of measurement for some dimension. 
+  -- For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, 
+  -- as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that 
+  -- makes it primitive or fundamental, rather, a system of units (e.g. 
+  -- SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and 
+  -- assigns units for each.
+  fun UnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfMeasure PhysicalQuantity ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of TemperatureMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfTemperature  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfTemperature_Class : SubClass UnitOfTemperature NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Every instance of this Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
+  -- instances of VolumeMeasure.
+  fun UnitOfVolume  : Class ;
+  fun UnitOfVolume_Class : SubClass UnitOfVolume CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Unit of volume commonly used in the United Kingdom.
+  fun UnitedKingdomGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars.
+  fun UnitedStatesCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+  -- A currency measure.
+  fun UnitedStatesDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
+
+  -- Unit of volume commonly used in the United States.
+  fun UnitedStatesGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
+
+  -- The ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable, i.e. more 
+  -- likely than not to be False.
+  fun Unlikely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
+
+  -- A DeductiveArgument which is valid, i.e. the set of premises in fact entails the conclusion.
+  fun ValidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
+  fun ValidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass ValidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
+
+  -- Vehicle is the subclass of 
+  -- TransportationDevices that transport passengers or goods 
+  -- from one place to another by moving from one place to the other 
+  -- with them, e.g., cars, trucks, ferries, and airplanes. Contrast 
+  -- with devices such as pipelines, escalators, or supermarket 
+  -- checkout belts, which carry items from one place to another by means 
+  -- of a moving part, without the device removing from the origin to 
+  -- the destination.
+  fun Vehicle  : Class ;
+  fun Vehicle_Class : SubClass Vehicle TransportationDevice ;
+
+  -- Specifies the velocity of an object, i.e. the speed 
+  -- and the direction of the speed. For example (VelocityFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile) 
+  -- (MeasureFn 2 HourDuration) ?REFERENCE North) denotes the velocity of 55 miles 
+  -- per hour North of the given reference point ?REFERENCE.
+  fun VelocityFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> El Region -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
+  -- that conventionally denote Processes.
+  fun Verb  : Class ;
+  fun Verb_Class : SubClass Verb Word ;
+
+  -- A Phrase that has the same function as a Verb.
+  fun VerbPhrase  : Class ;
+  fun VerbPhrase_Class : SubClass VerbPhrase Phrase ;
+
+  -- An Animal which has a spinal column.
+  fun Vertebrate  : Class ;
+  fun Vertebrate_Animal  : SubClassC Vertebrate Animal 
+                                     (\VERT -> and (and (and (exists SpinalColumn (\SPINE -> component (var SpinalColumn CorpuscularObject ? SPINE)
+                                                                                                       (var Animal CorpuscularObject ? VERT)))
+                                                             (forall NervousSystem (\S -> part (var NervousSystem Object ? S)
+                                                                                               (var Animal Object ? VERT))))
+                                                        (forall Skeleton (\SKELETON -> part (var Skeleton Object ? SKELETON)
+                                                                                            (var Animal Object ? VERT))))
+                                                   (forall Exoskeleton (\SKELETON -> part (var Exoskeleton Object ? SKELETON)
+                                                                                          (var Animal Object ? VERT))));
+
+  -- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
+  -- is positioned height_wise with respect to another Object.
+  fun Vertical  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Contest where one participant attempts to 
+  -- physically injure another participant.
+  fun ViolentContest  : Class ;
+  fun ViolentContest_Class : SubClass ViolentContest Contest ;
+
+  -- An Organism consisting of a core of a single 
+  -- nucleic acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate 
+  -- only inside a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the 
+  -- usual characteristics of living things.
+  fun Virus  : Class ;
+  fun Virus_Class : SubClass Virus Microorganism ;
+
+  -- The Class of visually discernible 
+  -- properties.
+  fun VisualAttribute  : Class ;
+  fun VisualAttribute_Class : SubClass VisualAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
+
+  -- A Nutrient present in natural products or made 
+  -- synthetically, which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher 
+  -- Animals. Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins.
+  fun Vitamin  : Class ;
+  fun Vitamin_Class : SubClass Vitamin Nutrient ;
+
+  -- The vocal cords, are composed
+  -- of two folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the
+  -- larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the
+  -- lungs during Vocalizing.
+  fun VocalCords  : Class ;
+  fun VocalCords_Class : SubClass VocalCords Organ ;
+
+  -- Any instance of RadiatingSound where the 
+  -- instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts, screams, 
+  -- roars, as well as Speaking.
+  fun Vocalizing  : Class ;
+  fun Vocalizing_Class : SubClass Vocalizing (both BodyMotion RadiatingSound) ;
+
+  -- SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is 
+  -- the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting 
+  -- wire carrying a constant current of 1 Ampere, when the power dissipated 
+  -- between these points is equal to 1 Watt. Volt = W/A = 
+  -- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_1).
+  fun Volt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions.
+  fun VolumeMeasure  : Class ;
+  fun VolumeMeasure_Class : SubClass VolumeMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
+
+  -- Voting is the activity of voting in an 
+  -- Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections 
+  -- are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual 
+  -- voter is part of an Election process.
+  fun Voting  : Class ;
+  fun Voting_Class : SubClass Voting Deciding ;
+
+  -- Ambulating relatively slowly, i.e. moving in such a 
+  -- way that at least one foot is always in contact with the ground.
+  fun Walking  : Class ;
+  fun Walking_Class : SubClass Walking Ambulating ;
+
+  -- A military confrontation between two or more 
+  -- GeopoliticalAreas or Organizations whose members are GeopoliticalAreas. 
+  -- As the corresponding axiom specifies, a War is made up of Battles.
+  fun War  : Class ;
+  fun War_Class : SubClass War ViolentContest ;
+
+  -- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
+  -- is internally regulated.
+  fun WarmBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
+  fun WarmBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass WarmBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
+
+  -- A Contract that states the cirumstances 
+  -- under which defects in the product will be corrected for no charge. 
+  -- A Warranty is usually limited to a length of time that is specified 
+  -- in the Warranty itself. A Warranty also includes information about 
+  -- what is not covered and actions that invalidate the Warranty.
+  fun Warranty  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of samples of the compound H20. Note 
+  -- that this Class covers both pure and impure Water.
+  fun Water  : Class ;
+  fun Water_Class : SubClass Water CompoundSubstance ;
+
+  -- A body which is made up predominantly of water, 
+  -- e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.
+  fun WaterArea  : Class ;
+  fun WaterArea_Class : SubClass WaterArea GeographicArea ;
+
+  -- Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor.
+  fun WaterCloud  : Class ;
+  fun WaterCloud_Class : SubClass WaterCloud Cloud ;
+
+  -- Any LiquidMotion where the Liquid is Water.
+  fun WaterMotion  : Class ;
+  fun WaterMotion_Class : SubClass WaterMotion LiquidMotion ;
+
+  -- SI power measure. Symbol: W. A UnitOfMeasure 
+  -- that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by 
+  -- TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production 
+  -- of energy (or work) at the rate of one Joule per SecondDuration. 
+  -- Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(_3).
+  fun Watt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to a 
+  -- CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the Agent. 
+  -- Note that this Function is generally used in conjunction with the 
+  -- Function PropertyFn, e.g. (WealthFn (PropertyFn BillGates)) would 
+  -- return the monetary value of the sum of Bill Gates' holdings.
+  fun WealthFn  : El Agent -> Ind CurrencyMeasure ;
+
+  -- The Class of Devices that are designed 
+  -- primarily to damage or destroy Humans/Animals, StationaryArtifacts or 
+  -- the places inhabited by Humans/Animals.
+  fun Weapon  : Class ;
+  fun Weapon_Class : SubClass Weapon Device ;
+
+  -- WearableItem is the subclass of 
+  -- Artifacts that are made to be worn on the body.
+  fun WearableItem  : Class ;
+  fun WearableItem_Class : SubClass WearableItem Artifact ;
+
+  -- WeatherProcess is the broadest class of 
+  -- processes that involve weather, including weather seasons (not to be confused 
+  -- with instances of SeasonOfYear), weather systems, and short_term weather 
+  -- events.
+  fun WeatherProcess  : Class ;
+  fun WeatherProcess_Class : SubClass WeatherProcess Motion ;
+
+  -- SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the 
+  -- magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an
+  -- electromotive force of 1 Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform
+  -- rate in 1 SecondDuration. Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
+  fun Weber  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
+
+  -- Any Declaring that leads to one person being 
+  -- the spouse of another.
+  fun Wedding  : Class ;
+  fun Wedding_Class : SubClass Wedding Declaring ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.
+  fun Wednesday  : Class ;
+  fun Wednesday_Class : SubClass Wednesday Day ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar weeks.
+  fun Week  : Class ;
+  fun Week_Class : SubClass Week TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. A week's duration is seven days.
+  fun WeekDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- The compass direction of West.
+  fun West  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
+
+  -- An Attribute which indicates that the 
+  -- associated Object is fully saturated with a Liquid, i.e. 
+  -- every part of the Object has a subpart which is a Liquid.
+  fun Wet  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
+
+  -- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is 
+  -- added to an Object.
+  fun Wetting  : Class ;
+  fun Wetting_Class : SubClass Wetting Putting ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps an Object or 
+  -- Process to the exact TimeInterval during which it exists. Note 
+  -- that, for every TimePoint ?TIME outside of the TimeInterval 
+  -- (WhenFn ?THING), (time ?THING ?TIME) does not hold.
+  fun WhenFn  : El Physical -> Ind TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Maps an Object and a TimePoint at which the Object exists to
+  -- the Region where the Object existed at that TimePoint.
+  fun WhereFn  : El Physical -> El TimePoint -> Ind Region ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of being white in color.
+  fun White  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+  -- Any Motion of Air.
+  fun Wind  : Class ;
+  fun Wind_Class : SubClass Wind GasMotion ;
+
+  -- The class of Female Humans.
+  fun Woman  : Class ;
+  fun Woman_Class : SubClass Woman Human ;
+
+  -- A term of a Language that represents a concept.
+  fun Word  : Class ;
+  fun Word_Class : SubClass Word LinguisticExpression ;
+
+  -- Long, narrow, soft_bodied Invertebrates.
+  fun Worm  : Class ;
+  fun Worm_Class : SubClass Worm Invertebrate ;
+
+  -- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
+  -- content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented 
+  -- mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both 
+  -- transcription and original creation of written Texts.
+  fun Writing  : Class ;
+  fun Writing_Class : SubClass Writing ContentDevelopment ;
+
+  -- The Class of all calendar Years.
+  fun Year  : Class ;
+  fun Year_Class : SubClass Year TimeInterval ;
+
+  -- Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year = 365 days = 31536000 seconds.
+  fun YearDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
+
+  -- A UnaryFunction that maps a number to the corresponding calendar 
+  -- Year. For example, (YearFn 1912) returns the Class containing just one instance, 
+  -- the year of 1912. As might be expected, positive integers return years in the Common Era, 
+  -- while negative integers return years in B.C.E. Note that this function returns a Class 
+  -- as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. MonthFn, DayFn, 
+  -- HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
+  -- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
+  -- these functions classes rather than individuals.
+  fun YearFn : El Integer -> Desc Year ;
+
+  -- The Attribute of being yellow in color.
+  fun Yellow  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
+
+  -- (abstractCounterpart ?AB ?PHYS
+  -- relates a Physical entity to an Abstract one which is an idealized
+  -- model in some dimension of the Physical entity. For example, an
+  -- Abstract GraphNode could be stated to be the counterpart of an 
+  -- actual Computer in a ComputerNetwork.
+  fun abstractCounterpart  : El Abstract -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (acquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 has
+  -- met and knows something about ?H2, such as ?H2's name and appearance.
+  -- Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with
+  -- holdsDuring. Note that acquaintance is not symmetric. For the
+  -- symmetric version, see mutualAcquaintance.
+  fun acquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Simply relates an Object to a ConstantQuantity 
+  -- specifying the age of the Object.
+  fun age  : El Object -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is 
+  -- an active determinant, either animate or inanimate, of the Process 
+  -- ?PROCESS, with or without voluntary intention. For example, Eve is an 
+  -- agent in the following proposition: Eve bit an apple.
+  fun agent  : El Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A TernaryPredicate that is
+  -- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
+  -- another point that is below the top of the Object (often this
+  -- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
+  -- used to specify, for example, the height of geographic features,
+  -- e.g. mountains, the altitude of aircraft, and the orbit of satellites
+  -- around the Earth.
+  fun altitude  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The transitive closure of the parent predicate. 
+  -- (ancestor ?DESCENDANT ?ANCESTOR) means that ?ANCESTOR is either the 
+  -- parent of ?DESCENDANT or the parent of the parent of DESCENDANT or etc.
+  fun ancestor  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?FIGURE) means that 
+  -- the TwoDimensionalAngle ?ANGLE is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
+  fun angleOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (angularMeasure ?ANGLE ?MEASURE) means that 
+  -- the two_dimensional geometric angle ?ANGLE has the PlaneAngleMeasure of 
+  -- ?MEASURE.
+  fun angularMeasure  : El TwoDimensionalAngle -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This predicate indicates the value of a 
+  -- GraphArc in a Graph. This could map to the length of a road in 
+  -- a road network or the flow rate of a pipe in a plumbing system.
+  fun arcWeight  : El GraphArc -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (atomicNumber ?ELEMENT ?NUMBER) means that 
+  -- the ElementalSubstance ?ELEMENT has the atomic number ?NUMBER. The 
+  -- atomic number is the number of Protons in the nucleus of an Atom.
+  fun atomicNumber : Desc ElementalSubstance -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (attends ?DEMO ?PERSON) means that ?PERSON attends, 
+  -- i.e. is a member of the audience, of the performance event ?DEMO.
+  fun attends  : El Demonstrating -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that 
+  -- ?PROPERTY is a Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example, 
+  -- (attribute MyLittleRedWagon Red).
+  fun attribute  : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (authors ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
+  -- creatively responsible for ?TEXT. For example, Agatha Christie is 
+  -- author of Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
+  fun authors : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A partial function that relates a List to a 
+  -- RealNumber, provided that the List only has list elements that are 
+  -- RealNumbers. The RealNumber associated with the List is equal to the 
+  -- mathematical average of the RealNumbers in the List divided by the total
+  -- number of list elements.
+  fun average  : El List -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (barometricPressure ?AREA ?PRESSURE) means that the atmospheric 
+  -- pressure measured at ?AREA is ?PRESSURE. Barometric pressure is 
+  -- typically expressed in units of InchMercury or MmMercury. For 
+  -- example, standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury: 
+  -- (barometricPressure SeaLevel (MeasureFn 29.92 InchMercury)).
+  fun barometricPressure  : El Object -> El UnitOfAtmosphericPressure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
+  -- precedes ?POINT2 on the universal timeline.
+  fun before  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (beforeOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
+  -- is identical with ?POINT2 or occurs before it on the universal timeline.
+  fun beforeOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The epistemic predicate of belief. (believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means 
+  -- that ?AGENT believes the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA.
+  fun believes  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (between ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that ?OBJ2 is 
+  -- spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3. Note that this implies that 
+  -- ?OBJ2 is directly between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3, i.e. the projections of ?OBJ1 
+  -- and ?OBJ3 overlap with ?OBJ2.
+  fun between  : El Object -> El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
+  -- state from a Liquid to a Gas.
+  fun boilingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT) holds if ?BOTTOM is the 
+  -- lowest or deepest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.
+  fun bottom  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of being a brother. 
+  -- (brother ?MAN ?PERSON) means that ?MAN is the brother of ?PERSON.
+  fun brother  : El Man -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The causation relation between instances of Process. 
+  -- (causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of Process ?PROCESS1 
+  -- brings about the instance of Process ?PROCESS2.
+  fun causes  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (causesProposition ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means
+  -- that the state of affairs described by ?FORMULA1
+  -- causes, or mechanistically brings about, the state of affairs
+  -- described by ?FORMULA2. Note that unlike entails, the time
+  -- during which ?FORMULA2 holds cannot precede the time during which
+  -- ?FORMULA1 holds, although ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 can hold
+  -- simultaneously. Note, also, that causesProposition is a
+  -- predicate, not a truth function. The following rule
+  -- (contraposition) does not hold: (=> (causesProp ?FORMULA1
+  -- ?FORMULA2) (causesProp (not ?FORMULA2) (not ?FORMULA1))).
+  fun causesProposition  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The causation relation between subclasses of Process. 
+  -- (causesSubclass ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the subclass of Process ?PROCESS1 
+  -- brings about the subclass of Process ?PROCESS2, e.g. (causesSubclass Killing 
+  -- Death).
+  fun causesSubclass : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the 
+  -- Human ?PERSON is a citizen of Nation ?NATION.
+  fun citizen  : El Human -> El Nation -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+  -- means that some part of the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. 
+  -- Note that if (completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2),
+  -- then (completelyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). A complete filler of (a part of) a hole
+  -- is connected with everything with which (that part of) the hole itself is connected. 
+  -- A perfect filler of (a part of) a hole completely fills every proper 
+  -- part of (that part of) that hole.
+  fun completelyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A specialized common sense notion of part 
+  -- for heterogeneous parts of complexes. (component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) 
+  -- means that ?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component 
+  -- include the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a 
+  -- country, or the limbs and organs of an animal. Compare piece, which 
+  -- is also a subrelation of part.
+  fun component  : El CorpuscularObject -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (conclusion ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that
+  -- the Proposition ?PROPOSITION is the conclusion explicitly drawn from the 
+  -- Argument ?ARGUMENT. Note that it may or may not be the case that ?ARGUMENT 
+  -- entails ?PROPOSITION.
+  fun conclusion  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+  -- conditionalProbability is used to state the numeric value of a conditional 
+  -- probability. (conditionalProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2 ?NUMBER) means 
+  -- that the probability of ?FORMULA2 being true given that ?FORMULA1 is true is 
+  -- ?NUMBER.
+  fun conditionalProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
+  -- an Entity, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity brings it about that 
+  -- the Formula has the ObjectiveNorm.
+  fun confersNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses the relationship between a 
+  -- a Formula, an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity 
+  -- obligates the CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is true.
+  fun confersObligation  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
+  -- an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity authorizes the 
+  -- CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is true.
+  fun confersRight  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+  -- meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.
+  fun connected  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This is the most general 
+  -- connection relation between EngineeringComponents. If 
+  -- (connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2), then neither ?COMP1 nor 
+  -- ?COMP2 can be an engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation 
+  -- connectedEngineeringComponents is a SymmetricRelation, there is no 
+  -- information in the direction of connection between two components. It is 
+  -- also an IrreflexiveRelation, no EngineeringComponent bears this relation 
+  -- to itself. Note that this relation does not associate a name or type 
+  -- with the connection.
+  fun connectedEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relationship between three things, when one of 
+  -- the three things connects the other two. More formally, (connects ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3)
+  -- means that (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3)
+  -- and not (connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3).
+  fun connects  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- connectsEngineeringComponents 
+  -- is a TernaryPredicate that maps from an EngineeringConnection to the 
+  -- EngineeringComponents it connects. Since EngineeringComponents cannot 
+  -- be connected to themselves and there cannot be an EngineeringConnection 
+  -- without a connectedEngineeringComponents Predicate, the second and third 
+  -- arguments of any connectsEngineeringComponents relationship will always be 
+  -- distinct for any given first argument.
+  fun connectsEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT considers or wonders
+  -- about the truth of the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA.
+  fun considers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two 
+  -- Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another, i.e. it 
+  -- is possible for both of them to be true at the same time.
+  fun consistent  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relation of spatial containment for two 
+  -- separable objects. When the two objects are not separable (e.g. an 
+  -- automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used. 
+  -- (contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has 
+  -- a space (i.e. a Hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2.
+  fun contains  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A subrelation of represents. This 
+  -- predicate relates a ContentBearingPhysical to the Proposition that is 
+  -- expressed by the ContentBearingPhysical. Examples include the relationships 
+  -- between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its 
+  -- musical content.
+  fun containsInformation  : El ContentBearingPhysical -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A contraryAttribute is a set of Attributes 
+  -- such that something can not simultaneously have more than one of these Attributes. 
+  -- For example, (contraryAttribute Pliable Rigid) means that nothing can be both 
+  -- Pliable and Rigid.
+  fun contraryAttribute  : [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (cooccur ?THING1 ?THING2) means that the 
+  -- Object or Process ?THING1 occurs at the same time as, together with, 
+  -- or jointly with the Object or Process ?THING2. This covers the 
+  -- following temporal relations: is co_incident with, is concurrent with, 
+  -- is contemporaneous with, and is concomitant with.
+  fun cooccur  : El Physical -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+  -- relates an Object to an exact copy of the 
+  -- Object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original 
+  -- with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal 
+  -- location.
+  fun copy  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (crosses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that Object ?OBJ1 
+  -- traverses Object ?OBJ2, without being connected to it.
+  fun crosses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate that specifies a 
+  -- TimePosition in absolute calendar time, at the resolution 
+  -- of one day, for a particular Object or Process.
+  fun date  : El Physical -> El Day -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of daughterhood. 
+  -- (daughter ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is 
+  -- the biological daughter of ?PARENT.
+  fun daughter  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+  -- (decreasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is less 
+  -- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
+  fun decreasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses the relationship between an 
+  -- Entity, a Formula, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity 
+  -- brings it about that the Formula does not have the ObjectiveNorm.
+  fun deprivesNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A TernaryPredicate that is
+  -- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
+  -- another point that is above the top of the Object (often this
+  -- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
+  -- used to specify, for example, the depth of marine life or submarines,
+  -- for example.
+  fun depth  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants 
+  -- to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there 
+  -- is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. 
+  -- Note too that desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former 
+  -- is a PropositionalAttitude, while wants is an ObjectAttitude.
+  fun desires  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (destination ?PROCESS ?GOAL) means that 
+  -- ?GOAL is the target or goal of the Process ?PROCESS. For example, 
+  -- Danbury would be the destination in the following proposition: Bob went 
+  -- to Danbury. Note that this is a very general CaseRole and, in 
+  -- particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'. 
+  -- Thus, John would be the destination in the following proposition: 
+  -- Tom gave a book to John.
+  fun destination  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (developmentalForm ?OBJECT ?FORM) 
+  -- means that ?FORM is an earlier stage in the individual maturation of 
+  -- ?OBJECT. For example, tadpole and caterpillar are developmentalForms 
+  -- of frogs and butterflies, respectively.
+  fun developmentalForm  : El OrganicObject -> El DevelopmentalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (diameter ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the diameter 
+  -- of the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
+  fun diameter  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (direction ?PROC ?ATTR) means that the 
+  -- Process ?PROC is moving in the direction ?ATTR. For example, one 
+  -- would use this Predicate to represent the fact that Max is moving 
+  -- North.
+  fun direction  : El Process -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Classes are disjoint only if they share no 
+  -- instances, i.e. just in case the result of applying IntersectionFn to
+  -- them is empty.
+  fun disjoint  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A disjointDecomposition of a Class 
+  -- C is a set of subclasses of C that are mutually disjoint.
+  fun disjointDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the 
+  -- shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note 
+  -- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
+  -- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
+  -- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
+  -- separates two distinct objects.
+  fun distance  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A relation between objects 
+  -- in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text stated in 
+  -- a particular HumanLanguage. The domain of documentation is not 
+  -- constants (names), but the objects themselves. This means that one does 
+  -- not quote the names when associating them with their documentation.
+  fun documentation  : El Entity -> El HumanLanguage -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the 
+  -- duration of the TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this 
+  -- Predicate can be used in conjunction with the Function WhenFn 
+  -- to specify the duration of any instance of Physical.
+  fun duration  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+  -- ?INTERVAL1 starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2.
+  fun during  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+  -- the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 
+  -- begins.
+  fun earlier  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (editor ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
+  -- an editor of ?TEXT.
+  fun editor : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case 
+  -- ?ENTITY is contained in the Set ?SET. An Entity can be an element 
+  -- of another Entity only if the latter is a Set.
+  fun element  : El Entity -> El Set -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has 
+  -- hired ?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON, on a salaried, hourly 
+  -- or contractual basis, to provide services in exchange for monetary 
+  -- compensation.
+  fun employs  : El Organization -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB ?SUPER)
+  -- means that the EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a 
+  -- properPart of ?SUPER. This relation is an AsymmetricRelation, since 
+  -- two EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.
+  fun engineeringSubcomponent  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The operator of logical entailment. (entails ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2)
+  -- means that ?FORMULA2 can be derived from ?FORMULA1 
+  -- by means of the proof theory of SUO_KIF.
+  fun entails  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (equal ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2) is true just in case 
+  -- ?ENTITY1 is identical with ?ENTITY2.
+  fun equal  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A binary predicate that relates two subclasses of ContentBearingObject. 
+  -- (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by
+  -- each instance of ?CLASS1 is also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2, 
+  -- and vice versa. An example would be the relationship between English and Russian
+  -- editions of Agatha Christie's 'Murder on the Orient Express'. Note that 
+  -- (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) implies
+  -- (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) and (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS2 ?CLASS1).
+  fun equivalentContentClass  : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
+  -- instances of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
+  -- means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to 
+  -- the content expressed by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship 
+  -- between a handwritten draft of a letter to one's lawyer and a typed 
+  -- copy of the same letter. Note that (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+  -- implies (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and 
+  -- (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2).
+  fun equivalentContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The actual, minimal location of an Object. 
+  -- This is a subrelation of the more general Predicate located.
+  fun exactlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This predicate relates a Class to a 
+  -- set of Attributes, and it means that the elements of this set exhaust the 
+  -- instances of the Class. For example, (exhaustiveAttribute PhysicalState 
+  -- Solid Fluid Liquid Gas Plasma) means that there are only five instances of 
+  -- the class PhysicalState, viz. Solid, Fluid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma.
+  fun exhaustiveAttribute : Desc Attribute -> [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
+
+  -- An exhaustiveDecomposition of a 
+  -- Class C is a set of subclasses of C such that every instance of C is an 
+  -- instance of one of the subclasses in the set. Note: this does not necessarily 
+  -- mean that the elements of the set are disjoint (see partition _ a partition 
+  -- is a disjoint exhaustive decomposition).
+  fun exhaustiveDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (experiencer ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means 
+  -- that ?AGENT experiences the Process ?PROCESS. For example, Yojo 
+  -- is the experiencer of seeing in the following proposition: Yojo 
+  -- sees the fish. Note that experiencer, unlike agent, does 
+  -- not entail a causal relation between its arguments.
+  fun experiencer  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?OBJ is used 
+  -- by ?AGENT as a resource in an unspecified instance of Process. This 
+  -- Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the 
+  -- relations agent and resource.
+  fun exploits  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANG) means that the
+  -- LinguisticExpression ?EXPRESS is part of the Language ?LANG.
+  fun expressedInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (faces ?OBJ ?DIRECTION) means that the front of 
+  -- ?OBJ (see FrontFn) is positioned towards the compass direction ?DIRECTION. 
+  -- More precisely, it means that if a line were extended from the center of 
+  -- ?DIRECTION, the line would intersect with the front of ?OBJ before it 
+  -- intersected with its back (see BackFn).
+  fun faces  : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate for biological 
+  -- relationships. (familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that 
+  -- ?ORGANISM1 and ?ORGANISM2 are biologically derived from a common ancestor.
+  fun familyRelation  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of fatherhood. 
+  -- (father ?CHILD ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the biological father of ?CHILD.
+  fun father  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Holes can be filled. (fills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+  -- means that the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. Note that 
+  -- fills here means perfectly filled. Perfect fillers and fillable entities have no parts in common (rather, 
+  -- they may occupy the same spatial region).
+  fun fills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+  -- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
+  -- ending TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1.
+  fun finishes  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (frequency ?PROC ?TIME) means that the 
+  -- Process type of ?PROC recurs after every interval of ?TIME.
+  fun frequency : Desc Process -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the GeographicArea ?PART is
+  -- part of the GeographicArea ?WHOLE.
+  fun geographicSubregion  : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (geometricDistance ?POINT1 ?POINT2 ?LENGTH)
+  -- means that ?LENGTH is the distance between the two 
+  -- GeometricPoints ?POINT1 and ?POINT2.
+  fun geometricDistance  : El GeometricPoint -> El GeometricPoint -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (geometricPart ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the 
+  -- GeometricFigure ?PART is part of the GeometricFigure ?WHOLE.
+  fun geometricPart  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is any 
+  -- geopolitical part of ?AREA2, that is, ?AREA1 is
+  -- an integral geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 (not a DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea), 
+  -- having its own associated GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by 
+  -- the government of ?AREA2. Cf. dependentGeopoliticalArea.
+  fun geopoliticalSubdivision  : El GeopoliticalArea -> El GeopoliticalArea -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (graphMeasure ?GRAPH ?MEAS) fixes a 
+  -- UnitOfMeasure that is used for the arcWeight of a given Graph. Stating 
+  -- such a relationship entails that the components of given graph are the 
+  -- abstractCounterparts of sets of Physical Entity(ies).
+  fun graphMeasure  : El Graph -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A basic relation for Graphs and their 
+  -- parts. (graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH) means that ?PART is a GraphArc 
+  -- or GraphNode of the Graph ?GRAPH.
+  fun graphPart  : El GraphElement -> El Graph -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The state of grasping an Object. (grasps ?ANIMAL ?OBJ) means
+  -- that the Animal ?ANIMAL is intentionally holding
+  -- on to the Object ?OBJ.
+  fun grasps  : El Animal -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (greaterThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true 
+  -- just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the Quantity 
+  -- ?NUMBER2.
+  fun greaterThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (greaterThanByQuality ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?ATT) means that
+  -- ?ENTITY1 has more of the given quality ?ATT than ?ENTITY2
+  fun greaterThanByQuality  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 
+  -- ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater 
+  -- than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+  fun greaterThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This Predicate expresses the concept of a 
+  -- conventional goal, i.e. a goal with a neutralized agent's intention. 
+  -- Accordingly, (hasPurpose ?THING ?FORMULA) means that the instance of 
+  -- Physical ?THING has, as its purpose, the Proposition expressed by 
+  -- ?FORMULA. Note that there is an important difference in meaning between 
+  -- the Predicates hasPurpose and result. Although the second argument 
+  -- of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, 
+  -- a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result 
+  -- may be neither expected nor desired. For example, a machine process may 
+  -- have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no 
+  -- goal, a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on.
+  fun hasPurpose  : El Physical -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses a cognitive attitude of an 
+  -- agent with respect to a particular instance of Physical. More precisely, 
+  -- (hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?FORMULA ?AGENT) means that the purpose of 
+  -- ?THING for ?AGENT is the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Very complex 
+  -- issues are involved here. In particular, the rules of inference of the 
+  -- first order predicate calculus are not truth_preserving for the second 
+  -- argument position of this Predicate.
+  fun hasPurposeForAgent  : El Physical -> Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Similar to the capability Predicate 
+  -- with the additional restriction that the ability be practised/
+  -- demonstrated to some measurable degree.
+  fun hasSkill : Desc Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The height of an Object is the distance between 
+  -- its top and its bottom.
+  fun height  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA) means that the 
+  -- proposition denoted by ?FORMULA is true in the time frame ?TIME. Note 
+  -- that this implies that ?FORMULA is true at every TimePoint which is a 
+  -- temporalPart of ?TIME.
+  fun holdsDuring  : El TimePosition -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses a relationship between a 
+  -- Formula and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has 
+  -- the obligation to bring it about that the Formula is true.
+  fun holdsObligation  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Expresses a relationship between a Formula 
+  -- and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has the right to 
+  -- bring it about that the Formula is true.
+  fun holdsRight  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a 
+  -- Hole in ?OBJ. A Hole is a fillable body located at the 
+  -- surface an Object.
+  fun hole  : El Hole -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relation between a Human and a PermanentResidence 
+  -- of the Human.
+  fun home  : El Human -> El PermanentResidence -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (husband ?MAN ?WOMAN) means that ?MAN is the 
+  -- husband of ?WOMAN.
+  fun husband  : El Man -> El Woman -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (identicalListItems ?LIST1 ?LIST2) 
+  -- means that ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 have exactly the same items in their 
+  -- respective lists. Although ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 are required to share 
+  -- exactly the same items, they may order these items differently.
+  fun identicalListItems  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A SetOrClass ?CLASS1 is an immediateSubclass 
+  -- of another SetOrClass ?CLASS2 just in case ?CLASS1 is a subclass of ?CLASS2 and 
+  -- there is no other subclass of ?CLASS2 such that ?CLASS1 is also a subclass of it.
+  fun immediateSubclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The analog of element and instance for Lists. 
+  -- (inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the List ?LIST. For example, 
+  -- (inList Tuesday (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would be true.
+  fun inList  : El Entity -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate. 
+  -- (inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the 
+  -- scope of interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be 
+  -- either positive or negative, i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in 
+  -- avoiding or promoting ?ENTITY.
+  fun inScopeOfInterest  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+  -- (increasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is more 
+  -- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
+  fun increasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
+  -- (independentProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that the probabilities of 
+  -- ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 being true are independent.
+  fun independentProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very basic notion of living within something 
+  -- else. (inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is the residence 
+  -- (either permanent or temporary), nest, etc. of ?ORGANISM.
+  fun inhabits  : El Organism -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate. (inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means
+  -- that the Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders 
+  -- the occurrence of the Process ?PROC2. For example, obstructing an 
+  -- object inhibits moving it. Note that this is a relation between types 
+  -- of Processes, not between instances.
+  fun inhibits : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL 
+  -- is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not 
+  -- changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the 
+  -- following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument 
+  -- and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.
+  fun instrument  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+  -- that ?OBJ1 is part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and 
+  -- any superficialPart ?OBJ2.
+  fun interiorPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (involvedInEvent ?EVENT ?THING) means 
+  -- that in the Process ?EVENT, the Entity ?THING plays some CaseRole.
+  fun involvedInEvent  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows 
+  -- ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by 
+  -- ?FORMULA. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this 
+  -- Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or 
+  -- unconscious knowledge.
+  fun knows  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is 
+  -- larger, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
+  fun larger  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON)
+  -- means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.
+  fun leader  : El Agent -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means 
+  -- that ?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. 
+  -- Some examples include marriage, adoption, etc.
+  fun legalRelation  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- binary predicate that is used to state the measure 
+  -- of an Object along its longest span.
+  fun length  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just 
+  -- in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+  fun lessThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true
+  -- just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than or equal to 
+  -- the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
+  fun lessThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (lineMeasure ?LINE ?MEASURE) means that the 
+  -- straight line ?LINE has the LengthMeasure of ?MEASURE.
+  fun lineMeasure  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Binary predicate that is used to state the measure 
+  -- of an Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note 
+  -- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
+  -- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
+  -- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
+  -- separates two distinct objects.
+  fun linearExtent  : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- a TernaryPredicate that specifies the 
+  -- GraphArc connecting two GraphNodes.
+  fun links  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> El GraphArc -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (located ?PHYS ?OBJ) means that ?PHYS is partlyLocated at ?OBJ, 
+  -- and there is no part or subProcess of ?PHYS that is not located at ?OBJ.
+  fun located  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (manner ?PROCESS ?MANNER) means that the 
+  -- Process ?PROCESS is qualified by the Attribute ?MANNER. The Attributes 
+  -- of Processes are usually denoted by adverbs and include things like the 
+  -- speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports 
+  -- competition.
+  fun manner  : El Process -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that 
+  -- ?OBJECT is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation 
+  -- encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'. 
+  -- For example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor. Compare 
+  -- part and its subrelations, viz component and piece.
+  fun material : Desc Substance -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate for
+  -- asserting that a particular Object is measured by a particular
+  -- PhysicalQuantity. In general, the second argument of this
+  -- Predicate will be a term produced with the Function MeasureFn.
+  fun measure  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (meetsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+  -- ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are connected but that neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
+  -- overlapsSpatially the other.
+  fun meetsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (meetsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) 
+  -- means that the terminal point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 is the 
+  -- initial point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2.
+  fun meetsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
+  -- state from a Solid to a Liquid. Note that Arsenic can sublimate directly
+  -- from Solid to Gas which means that its melting and boiling points are equal.
+  fun meltingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
+  -- uniform parts of Collections. For example, each sheep in a flock of 
+  -- sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock.
+  fun member  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Collection -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryRelation that is used to state the 
+  -- normative force of a Proposition. (modalAttribute ?FORMULA ?PROP) means 
+  -- that the Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA has the NormativeAttribute 
+  -- ?PROP. For example, (modalAttribute (exists (?ACT ?OBJ) (and 
+  -- (instance ?ACT Giving) (agent ?ACT John) (patient ?ACT ?OBJ) 
+  -- (destination ?ACT Tom))) Obligation) means that John is obligated to give 
+  -- Tom something.
+  fun modalAttribute  : Formula -> El NormativeAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate that associates an 
+  -- Object or Process with its value expressed as an instance of 
+  -- CurrencyMeasure.
+  fun monetaryValue  : El Physical -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of motherhood. 
+  -- (mother ?CHILD ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the biological mother 
+  -- of ?CHILD.
+  fun mother  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (multiplicativeFactor ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
+  -- means that ?NUMBER1 is a factor of ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 can be multiplied by 
+  -- some Integer to give ?NUMBER2 as a result.
+  fun multiplicativeFactor  : El Integer -> El Integer -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (mutualAcquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means
+  -- that ?H1 and ?H2 have met each other and know something about each other,
+  -- such as name and appearance. Statements made with this predicate should
+  -- be temporally specified with holdsDuring. See also the weaker,
+  -- non_symmetric version of this predicate, acquaintance.
+  fun mutualAcquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY 
+  -- has the SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that names and represents 
+  -- are the two immediate subrelations of refers. The predicate names is used 
+  -- when the referring item is merely a tag without connotative content, while the 
+  -- predicate represents is used for referring items that have such content.
+  fun names  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is 
+  -- physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.
+  fun needs  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG) 
+  -- means that ?PERSON holds the Position ?POSITION at Organization ?ORG. 
+  -- For example, (occupiesPosition TomSmith ResearchDirector 
+  -- AcmeLaboratory) means that TomSmith is a research director at Acme Labs.
+  fun occupiesPosition  : El Human -> El Position -> El Organization -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A general Predicate for indicating how two 
+  -- Objects are oriented with respect to one another. For example, 
+  -- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 North) means that ?OBJ1 is north of ?OBJ2, and 
+  -- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Vertical) means that ?OBJ1 is positioned 
+  -- vertically with respect to ?OBJ2.
+  fun orientation  : El Object -> El Object -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE 
+  -- indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies 
+  -- that ?SOURCE is present at the beginning of the process, but need not 
+  -- participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the 
+  -- origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a 
+  -- submarine.
+  fun origin  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+  -- that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have part(s) in common, but neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
+  -- is a part of the other.
+  fun overlapsPartially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
+  -- that the Objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have some parts in common. This is a 
+  -- reflexive and symmetric (but not transitive) relation.
+  fun overlapsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) 
+  -- means that the TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 
+  -- have a TimeInterval as a common part.
+  fun overlapsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (parallel ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the 
+  -- OneDimensionalFigures ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another, 
+  -- i.e. they are equidistant from one another at every point.
+  fun parallel  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of parenthood. 
+  -- (parent ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is a biological parent 
+  -- of ?CHILD.
+  fun parent  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+  
+  -- A binary predicate is a partial ordering on a set or class
+  -- only if the relation is reflexive on the set or class, 
+  -- and it is both an antisymmetric relation, and a transitive relation.
+  fun partialOrderingOn : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The basic mereological relation. All other 
+  -- mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. 
+  -- (part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the Object ?PART is part
+  -- of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since part is a 
+  -- ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself.
+  fun part  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that ?OBJ completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. 
+  -- Note that if (partiallyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). 
+  -- Note too that a partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole (it may 
+  -- stick out), which means that every complete filler also qualifies as 
+  -- (is a limit case of) a partial one.
+  fun partiallyFills  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A partition of a class C is a set of 
+  -- mutually disjoint classes (a subclass partition) which covers C. 
+  -- Every instance of C is an instance of exactly one of the subclasses 
+  -- in the partition.
+  fun partition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (partlyLocated ?THING ?OBJ) means that the 
+  -- instance of Physical ?THING is at least partially located at ?OBJ. For 
+  -- example, Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. 
+  -- Note that partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located 
+  -- is an immediate subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is 
+  -- an immediate subrelation of located.
+  fun partlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (path ?MOTION ?PATH) means that ?PATH is a route 
+  -- along which ?MOTION occurs. For example, Highway 101 is the path in the 
+  -- following proposition: the car drove up Highway 101.
+  fun path  : El Motion -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate that specifies the 
+  -- length (in number of GraphNodes) of a GraphPath.
+  -- (pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER) means that there are ?NUMBER nodes in 
+  -- the GraphPath ?PATH.
+  fun pathLength  : El GraphPath -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY 
+  -- is a participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved, said, experienced, etc. 
+  -- For example, the direct objects in the sentences 'The cat swallowed the 
+  -- canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients. Note 
+  -- that the patient of a Process may or may not undergo structural 
+  -- change as a result of the Process. The CaseRole of patient is used 
+  -- when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the object of a 
+  -- Process.
+  fun patient  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (penetrates ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is connected to ?OBJ2 along
+  -- at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth).
+  fun penetrates  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
+  -- arbitrary parts of Substances. Quasi_synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, 
+  -- etc. Compare component, another subrelation of part.
+  fun piece  : El Substance -> El Substance -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (pointOfFigure ?POINT ?FIGURE) means that 
+  -- the GeometricPoint ?POINT is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
+  fun pointOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (pointOfIntersection ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 
+  -- ?POINT) means that the two straight lines ?FIGURE1 and ?FIGURE2 meet at the 
+  -- point ?POINT.
+  fun pointOfIntersection  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> El GeometricPoint -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Relation that holds between an Agent and 
+  -- an Object when the Agent has ownership of the Object.
+  fun possesses  : El Agent -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate. (precondition 
+  -- ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an 
+  -- instance of ?PROC1 also exists.
+  fun precondition : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (prefers ?AGENT ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that 
+  -- CognitiveAgent ?AGENT prefers the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA1
+  -- over the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA2 all things being equal.
+  fun prefers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (premise ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the 
+  -- Proposition ?PROPOSITION is an explicit assumption of the Argument 
+  -- ?ARGUMENT.
+  fun premise  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general Predicate. (prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that ?PROC1 
+  -- prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other words, if ?PROC1 is occurring
+  -- in a particular time and place, ?PROC2 cannot occur at the same time and place.
+  -- For example, innoculating prevents contracting disease. Note that this is a 
+  -- relation between types of Processes, not between instances.
+  fun prevents : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
+  -- ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a 
+  -- TransitiveRelation and AsymmetricRelation (hence an 
+  -- IrreflexiveRelation).
+  fun properPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
+  -- means that ?HOLE is properly (though perhaps incompletely) filled by 
+  -- ?OBJ, i.e. some part of ?HOLE is perfectly filled by ?OBJ. Note that 
+  -- properlyFills is the dual of completelyFills, and is so 
+  -- related to partiallyFills that ?OBJ properlyFills ?HOLE just in 
+  -- case ?OBJ partiallyFills every part of ?HOLE. (Thus, every perfect 
+  -- filler is both complete and proper in this sense). 
+  -- Every hole is connected with everything with which a proper filler 
+  -- of the hole is connected. Every proper part of a perfect filler of (a part of) a hole properly 
+  -- fills (that part of) that hole.
+  fun properlyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This Predicate holds between an instance of 
+  -- Entity and an instance of Attribute. (property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) 
+  -- means that ?ENTITY has the Attribute ?ATTR.
+  fun property  : El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (publishes ?ORG ?TEXT) means that ?ORG 
+  -- publishes ?TEXT. For example, Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christie's 
+  -- Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
+  fun publishes : El Organization -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (radius ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the radius of 
+  -- the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
+  fun radius  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A subrelation of represents. 
+  -- (realization ?PROCESS ?PROP) means that ?PROCESS is a Process which 
+  -- expresses the content of ?PROP. Examples include a particular musical 
+  -- performance, which realizes the content of a musical score, or the 
+  -- reading of a poem.
+  fun realization  : El Process -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+  -- mentions or includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that refers is 
+  -- more general in meaning than represents, because presumably something 
+  -- can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. 
+  -- For example, an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of 
+  -- oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, 
+  -- the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options 
+  -- for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, 
+  -- etc.
+  fun refers  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+  
+  -- A binary predicate is reflexive on a set or class only if
+  -- every instance of the set or class bears the relation to itself.
+  fun reflexiveOn  : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (relatedEvent ?EVENT1 ?EVENT2) means 
+  -- that the Process ?EVENT1 is related to the Process ?EVENT2. The 
+  -- relationship is between separate individual events, not events and 
+  -- their subprocesses. On the other hand, two subProcesses of the same 
+  -- overarching event may be relatedEvents. The argument order does not 
+  -- imply temporal ordering.
+  fun relatedEvent  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Used to signify a three_place 
+  -- relation between a concept in an external knowledge source, a concept 
+  -- in the SUMO, and the name of the other knowledge source.
+  fun relatedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Means that the two arguments are 
+  -- related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity 
+  -- of meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO 
+  -- concept and a concept from another source, use the Predicate 
+  -- relatedExternalConcept.
+  fun relatedInternalConcept  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (relative ?O1 ?O2) means that ?O1
+  -- and ?O2 are relatives, whether through common ancestry (consanguinity),
+  -- someone's marriage (affinity), or someone's adoption. This definition is
+  -- intentionally broad, so as to capture a wide array of `familial'
+  -- relations. The notion of who counts as `family' also varies between
+  -- cultures, but that aspect of meaning is not addressed here.
+  fun relative  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general semiotics Predicate. 
+  -- (represents ?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates, 
+  -- expresses, connotes, pictures, describes, etc. ?ENTITY. The Predicates 
+  -- containsInformation and realization are subrelations of represents. 
+  -- Note that represents is a subrelation of refers, since something can 
+  -- represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. See the 
+  -- documentation string for names.
+  fun represents  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general predicate. 
+  -- (representsForAgent ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?AGENT) means that the ?AGENT 
+  -- chooses to use ?ENTITY1 to 'stand for' ?ENTITY2.
+  fun representsForAgent  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A very general predicate. 
+  -- (representsInLanguage ?THING ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE) means that the 
+  -- LinguisticExpression ?THING stands for ?ENTITY in the Language 
+  -- ?LANGUAGE.
+  fun representsInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  fun resourceS  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is 
+  -- a product of ?ACTION. For example, house is a result in the 
+  -- following proposition: Eric built a house.
+  fun result  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relationship between two Organisms that 
+  -- have the same mother and father. Note that this relationship does 
+  -- not hold between half_brothers, half_sisters, etc.
+  fun sibling  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (side ?SIDE ?OBJECT) means that ?SIDE is a side of the object, 
+  -- as opposed to the top or bottom.
+  fun side  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of being a sister. 
+  -- (sister ?WOMAN ?PERSON) means that ?WOMAN is the sister of ?PERSON.
+  fun sister  : El Woman -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+  -- is smaller, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
+  fun smaller  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The general relationship of being a son. 
+  -- (son ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological 
+  -- son of ?PARENT.
+  fun son  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relationship of marriage between two Humans.
+  fun spouse  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
+  -- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
+  -- initial TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.
+  fun starts  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relation between a Human and a TemporaryResidence 
+  -- of the Human.
+  fun stays  : El Human -> El TemporaryResidence -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Means that the second argument can be 
+  -- ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it.
+  fun subAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that 
+  -- the Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the Collection ?COLL2.
+  fun subCollection  : El Collection -> El Collection -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The relation between two Graphs when one 
+  -- Graph is a part of the other. (subGraph ?GRAPH1 ?GRAPH2) means 
+  -- that ?GRAPH1 is a part of ?GRAPH2.
+  fun subGraph  : El Graph -> El Graph -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a 
+  -- sublist of ?LIST2, i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and 
+  -- the elements that are common to both Lists have the same order in both 
+  -- Lists. Elements that are common to both Lists and are consecutive in one 
+  -- list must also be consecutive in the other list. (Therefore _ the list of 
+  -- prime numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 5 7] is not a subList of the 
+  -- natural numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]).
+  fun subList  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means 
+  -- that ?ORG1 is an Organization which is a part of the Organization 
+  -- ?ORG2. Note that subOrganization is a ReflexiveRelation, so every 
+  -- Organization is a subOrganization of itself.
+  fun subOrganization  : El Organization -> El Organization -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 
+  -- is a Plan which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally 
+  -- used to relate a supporting Plan to the overall Plan in a particular 
+  -- context.
+  fun subPlan  : El Plan -> El Plan -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC 
+  -- is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally 
+  -- distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process.
+  fun subProcess  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that 
+  -- ?PROP1 is a Proposition which is a proper part of the Proposition ?PROP2. 
+  -- In other words, subProposition is the analogue of properPart for chunks 
+  -- of abstract content.
+  fun subProposition  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subSystem ?SUB ?SYSTEM) means that the 
+  -- PhysicalSystem ?SUB is a part of the PhysicalSystem ?SYSTEM.
+  fun subSystem  : El PhysicalSystem -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that ?CLASS1 is 
+  -- a subclass of ?CLASS2, i.e. every instance of ?CLASS1 is also an instance of 
+  -- ?CLASS2. A class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses.
+  fun subclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subset ?SET1 ?SET2) is true just in case the 
+  -- elements of the Set ?SET1 are also elements of the Set ?SET2.
+  fun subset  : El Set -> El Set -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subsumedExternalConcept 
+  -- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING is subsumed 
+  -- by the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is narrower 
+  -- in meaning than ?STRING.
+  fun subsumedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate that relates two 
+  -- subclasses of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 
+  -- ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2 is 
+  -- also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1. Examples include the 
+  -- relationship between a poem and one of its stanzas or between a book and 
+  -- one of its chapters. Note that this is a relation between subclasses of 
+  -- ContentBearingObject, rather than instances. If one wants to relate 
+  -- instances, the Predicate subsumesContentInstance can be used. Note 
+  -- that subsumesContentClass is needed in many cases. Consider, for 
+  -- example, the relation between the King James edition of the Bible and its 
+  -- Book of Genesis. This relation holds for every copy of this edition and 
+  -- not just for a single instance.
+  fun subsumesContentClass : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
+  -- instances of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+  -- means that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed 
+  -- by ?OBJ1. An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and 
+  -- one of its stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances, 
+  -- rather than Classes. If one wants to assert a content relationship 
+  -- between Classes, e.g. between the version of an intellectual work and a 
+  -- part of that work, the relation subsumesContentClass should be used.
+  fun subsumesContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (subsumingExternalConcept 
+  -- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING subsumes 
+  -- the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is broader 
+  -- in meaning than ?STRING.
+  fun subsumingExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) 
+  -- means that ?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after ?ATTR1 
+  -- on the scale that they share.
+  fun successorAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The transitive closure of 
+  -- successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means 
+  -- that there is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting 
+  -- ?ATTR1 and ?ATTR2.
+  fun successorAttributeClosure  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
+  -- means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own 
+  -- (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are 
+  -- externally connected with the mereological complement of ?OBJ2). This too 
+  -- is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and 
+  -- MereologicalProductFn.
+  fun superficialPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+  -- is a maximally connected superficialPart of ?OBJ2. Note that some 
+  -- SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow 
+  -- object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface.
+  fun surface  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (synonymousExternalConcept 
+  -- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING has the 
+  -- same meaning as ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE.
+  fun synonymousExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (systemPart ?PART ?SYSTEM) means that 
+  -- the Physical thing ?PART is a SystemElement in the PhysicalSystem 
+  -- ?SYSTEM.
+  fun systemPart  : El Physical -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The temporal analogue of the spatial part 
+  -- predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 
+  -- is part of TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a 
+  -- ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.
+  fun temporalPart  : El TimePosition -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (temporallyBetween ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
+  -- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT2 is between the TimePoints 
+  -- ?POINT1 and ?POINT3, i.e. ?POINT1 is before ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before 
+  -- ?POINT3.
+  fun temporallyBetween  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (temporallyBetweenOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
+  -- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT1 is before or equal to the 
+  -- TimePoint ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before or equal to the TimePoint 
+  -- ?POINT3.
+  fun temporallyBetweenOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
+
+  -- This relation holds between an instance of 
+  -- Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal 
+  -- lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time
+  -- ?THING ?TIME) means that ?THING existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note 
+  -- that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does 
+  -- for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are 
+  -- the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively.
+  fun time  : El Physical -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
+  
+  fun totalOrderingOn : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (top ?TOP ?OBJECT) means that ?TOP is the highest maximal 
+  -- superficial part of ?OBJECT.
+  fun top  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION 
+  -- ?AMOUNT) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of CurrencyMeasure being 
+  -- exhanged in the FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.
+  fun transactionAmount  : El FinancialTransaction -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
+  -- crosses or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that crosses and 
+  -- penetrates are subrelations of traverses.
+  fun traverses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The BinaryPredicate that relates a Sentence 
+  -- to its TruthValue.
+  fun truth  : El Sentence -> El TruthValue -> Formula ;
+
+  -- The class of names that uniquely identify 
+  -- an instance of Entity. Some examples of uniqueIdentifiers are the keys 
+  -- of tables in database applications and
+  -- the ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
+  fun uniqueIdentifier  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by 
+  -- ?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, 
+  -- as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles 
+  -- agent and instrument.
+  fun uses  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
+
+  -- Some Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete 
+  -- stages or versions. (version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 
+  -- is a version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this Predicate relates subclasses of 
+  -- Artifact and not instances.
+  fun version : Desc Artifact -> Desc Artifact -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, 
+  -- i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is 
+  -- no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.
+  fun wants  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (wears ?AGENT ?CLOTHING) means that ?AGENT is wearing 
+  -- the item of Clothing ?CLOTHING.
+  fun wears  : El Animal -> El Clothing -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (weight ?O ?MM) means that on planet earth
+  -- the SelfConnectedObject ?O has the weight ?MM.
+  fun weight  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El MassMeasure -> Formula ;
+
+  -- binary predicate that is used to state the measure 
+  -- of an Object from side to side at its widest span.
+  fun width  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
+
+  -- (wife ?WOMAN ?MAN) means that ?WOMAN is the wife of ?MAN.
+  fun wife  : El Woman -> El Man -> Formula ;
+
+
+  -- relations
+  fun SingleValuedRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> Formula) -> Formula;
+  def SingleValuedRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> impl (and (f (var c c ? x)) (f (var c c ? y)))
+                                               (equal (var c Entity ? x) (var c Entity ? y))));
+
+  fun AntisymmetricRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def AntisymmetricRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> impl (and (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))
+                                                    (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x)))
+                                               (equal (var c Entity ? x) (var c Entity ? y)))) ;
+
+  fun IntentionalRelation : (c1,c2 : Class) -> (El c1 -> El c2 -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def IntentionalRelation c1 c2 f = 
+          -- assume binary predicate, since it is mostly used for that
+          forall c1 (\x -> forall c2 (\y -> inScopeOfInterest (var c1 CognitiveAgent ? x) (var c2 Entity ? y)));
+        
+
+  fun ReflexiveRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def ReflexiveRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? x));
+
+  fun SymmetricRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def SymmetricRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> impl (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))
+                                               (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x))));
+
+  fun EquivalenceRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def EquivalenceRelation c f = 
+          and (and (ReflexiveRelation c f)
+                   (SymmetricRelation c f))
+              (TransitiveRelation c f);
+
+  fun TransitiveRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def TransitiveRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> forall c (\z -> impl (and (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y)) 
+                                                                    (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? z)))
+                                                               (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? z)))));
+
+  fun IrreflexiveRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def IrreflexiveRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> not (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? x))) ;
+
+  fun AsymmetricRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def AsymmetricRelation c f = 
+          and (AntisymmetricRelation c f) (IrreflexiveRelation c f);
+
+  fun PropositionalAttitude : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def PropositionalAttitude c f = 
+          AsymmetricRelation c f;
+
+  fun ObjectAttitude : (c1,c2 : Class) -> (El c1 -> El c2 -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def ObjectAttitude c1 c2 f = 
+          IntentionalRelation c1 c2 f ;
+
+  fun IntransitiveRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def IntransitiveRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> forall c (\z -> impl (and (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y)) 
+                                                                    (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? z)))
+                                                               (not (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? z)))))) ;
+
+  fun PartialOrderingRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def PartialOrderingRelation c f = 
+          and (and (TransitiveRelation c f)
+                   (AntisymmetricRelation c f))
+              (ReflexiveRelation c f) ;
+
+  fun TrichotomizingRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def TrichotomizingRelation c f = 
+          forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> or (or (and (and (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))
+                                                           (not (equal (var c Entity ? x) (var c Entity ? y))))
+                                                      (not (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x))))
+                                                 (and (and (not (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y)))
+                                                           (equal (var c Entity ? x) (var c Entity ? y)))
+                                                      (not (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x)))))
+                                             (and (and (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x))
+                                                       (not (equal (var c Entity ? x) (var c Entity ? y))))
+                                                  (not (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))))));
+
+  fun TotalOrderingRelation : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def TotalOrderingRelation c f = 
+            and (PartialOrderingRelation c f) (TrichotomizingRelation c f) ;
+
+  fun OneToOneFunction : (c1, c2 : Class) -> (El c1 -> Ind c2) -> Formula ;
+  def OneToOneFunction c1 c2 f = forall c1(\x -> 
+            forall c1 (\y -> impl (not (equal (var c1 Entity ? x) (var c1 Entity ? y))) 
+                                  (not (equal (el c2 Entity ? (f (var c1 c1 ? x)))
+                                              (el c2 Entity ? (f (var c1 c1 ? y)))))));
+
+  fun SequenceFunction : (c : Class) -> (El Integer -> Ind c) -> Formula ;
+  def SequenceFunction c f = 
+            OneToOneFunction Integer c f ;
+
+  fun AssociativeFunction : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Ind c) -> Formula ;
+  def AssociativeFunction c f = 
+            forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> forall c (\z -> equal (el c Entity ? (f (var c c ? x) (el c c ? (f (var c c ? y) (var c c ? z))))) 
+                                                                  (el c Entity ? (f (el c c ? (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))) (var c c ? z))))));
+
+  fun CommutativeFunction : (c1,c2 : Class) -> (El c1 -> El c1 -> Ind c2) -> Formula ;
+  def CommutativeFunction c1 c2 f = 
+            forall c1 (\x -> forall c1 (\y -> equal (el c2 Entity ? (f (var c1 c1 ? x) (var c1 c1 ? y)))
+                                                    (el c2 Entity ? (f (var c1 c1 ? y) (var c1 c1 ? y)))));
+
+  fun identityElement : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Ind c) -> El c -> Formula ;
+  def identityElement c f elem = 
+            forall c (\x -> equal (el c Entity ? (f (var c c ? x) elem)) (var c Entity ? x));
+
+  fun distributes : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Ind c) -> (El c -> El c -> Ind c) -> Formula ;
+  def distributes c f g = 
+            forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> forall c (\z -> equal (el c Entity ? (g (el c c ? (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))) (var c c ? z)))
+                                                                  (el c Entity ? (f (el c c ? (g (var c c ? x) (var c c ? z))) (el c c ? (g (var c c ? y) (var c c ? z))))))));
+ 
+  fun inverse : (c : Class) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> (El c -> El c -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def inverse c f g = 
+            forall c (\x -> forall c (\y -> equiv (f (var c c ? x) (var c c ? y))
+                                                  (g (var c c ? y) (var c c ? x))));                                     
+
+  fun subRelation2El : (c1,c2,c3,c4 : Class) -> (El c1 -> El c2 -> Formula) -> (El c3 -> El c4 -> Formula) -> Formula ;
+  def subRelation2El c1 c2 c3 c4 f g = 
+            forall c1 (\x -> forall c2 (\y -> impl (f (var c1 c1 ? x) (var c2 c2 ? y))
+                                                   (g (var c1 c3 ? x) (var c2 c4 ? y))));
+
+
+  --others
+  fun toInt : Int -> Ind Integer ;
+  fun toRealNum : Float -> Ind RealNumber ;
 
-
--- Any AnatomicalStructure which 
--- is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is 
--- the result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, 
--- goiters, etc.
-fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
-fun AbnormalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AbnormalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
-
--- This is a PositionalAttribute derived from the 
--- up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly 
--- above, i.e., if one object is Above another object, then the projections 
--- of the two objects overlap.
-fun Above  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- The value of (AbsoluteValueFn ?NUMBER) 
--- is the absolute value of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
-fun AbsoluteValueFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeRealNumber ;
-
-
--- Properties or qualities as distinguished from any 
--- particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. 
--- Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical 
--- objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular 
--- place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.
-fun Abstract  : Class ;
-fun Abstract_Class : SubClass Abstract Entity ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a Class into 
--- the instance of Attribute that specifies the condition(s) for membership 
--- in the Class.
-fun AbstractionFn  : Class -> Ind Attribute ;
-
-
--- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
--- (AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical sum of these 
--- numbers.
-fun AdditionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close 
--- to, near or abutting ?OBJ2. This PositionalAttribute covers the 
--- following common sense notions: adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, 
--- is juxtaposed, and is close to.
-fun Adjacent  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- One of the parts of speech. The Class of 
--- Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.
-fun Adjective  : Class ;
-fun Adjective_Class : SubClass Adjective Word ;
-
--- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
--- that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.
-fun Adverb  : Class ;
-fun Adverb_Class : SubClass Adverb Word ;
-
--- A Disseminating whose purpose is to 
--- promote the sale of an Object represented in a Text or Icon 
--- (the advertisement).
-fun Advertising  : Class ;
-fun Advertising_Class : SubClass Advertising Disseminating ;
-
--- A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the 
--- same age.
-fun AgeGroup  : Class ;
-fun AgeGroup_Class : SubClass AgeGroup GroupOfPeople ;
-
--- Something or someone that can act on its own and 
--- produce changes in the world.
-fun Agent  : Class ;
-fun Agent_Class : SubClass Agent Object ;
-
--- Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the 
--- atmosphere surrounding Earth.
-fun Air  : Class ;
-fun Air_Class : SubClass Air GasMixture ;
-
--- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
--- relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.
-fun AlethicAttribute  : Class ;
-fun AlethicAttribute_Class : SubClass AlethicAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
-
--- A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, 
--- but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue.
-fun Alga  : Class ;
-fun Alga_Class : SubClass Alga NonFloweringPlant ;
-
--- Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by 
--- means of the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one 
--- point to another.
-fun Ambulating  : Class ;
-fun Ambulating_Class : SubClass Ambulating (both BodyMotion Translocation) ;
-
-
--- SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is 
--- one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Ampere is 
--- that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel 
--- conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross_section, and 
--- placed 1 Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors 
--- a force equal to 2*10^(_7) Newton per Meter of length.
-fun Ampere  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- A cold_blooded, smooth_skinned Vertebrate 
--- which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by 
--- gills. When mature, the Amphibian breathes with Lungs.
-fun Amphibian  : Class ;
-fun Amphibian_Class : SubClass Amphibian ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
-
--- Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of 
--- the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope.
-fun Amu  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- A normal or pathological part 
--- of the anatomy or structural organization of an Organism. This 
--- class covers BodyParts, as well as structures that are given off 
--- by Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
-fun AnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
-fun AnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnatomicalStructure OrganicObject ;
-
--- The value of an angle in a plane or in a 
--- solid.
-fun AngleMeasure  : Class ;
-fun AngleMeasure_Class : SubClass AngleMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- The Angstrom is a LengthMeasure. 
--- 1 Angstrom = 10^(_10) m
-fun Angstrom  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- A plane angle measure.
-fun AngularDegree  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
-
-
--- Attributes that indicate whether an 
--- Organism is alive or not.
-fun AnimacyAttribute  : Class ;
-fun AnimacyAttribute_Class : SubClass AnimacyAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- An Organism with eukaryotic Cells, and lacking 
--- stiff cell walls, plastids, and photosynthetic pigments.
-fun Animal  : Class ;
-fun Animal_Organism  : SubClassC Animal Organism (\ANIMAL -> and (forall AnimalSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var AnimalSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL))) (forall AnimalAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var AnimalAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? ANIMAL)))) ;
-
-
--- AnatomicalStructures that 
--- are possessed exclusively by Animals.
-fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
-fun AnimalAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass AnimalAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
-
--- The subclass of Languages used by 
--- Animals other than Humans.
-fun AnimalLanguage  : Class ;
-fun AnimalLanguage_Class : SubClass AnimalLanguage Language ;
-
--- BodySubstances that are produced 
--- exclusively by Animals.
-fun AnimalSubstance  : Class ;
-fun AnimalSubstance_Class : SubClass AnimalSubstance BodySubstance ;
-
--- AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute is the class of 
--- PositionalAttribute that hold in only one direction. I.e. two objects cannot
--- simulataneously be On each other.
-fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
-
--- Various Primates with no tails or only short 
--- tails.
-fun Ape  : Class ;
-fun Ape_Class : SubClass Ape Primate ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are April.
-fun April  : Class ;
-fun April_Class : SubClass April Month ;
-
--- The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly 
--- in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses.
-fun AquaticMammal  : Class ;
-fun AquaticMammal_Class : SubClass AquaticMammal Mammal ;
-
--- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
--- ticks and spiders.
-fun Arachnid  : Class ;
-fun Arachnid_Class : SubClass Arachnid Arthropod ;
-
--- Measures of the amount of space in two 
--- dimensions.
-fun AreaMeasure  : Class ;
-fun AreaMeasure_Class : SubClass AreaMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
-
--- Any proposition which has the form of a deductive 
--- or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply 
--- a conclusion.
-fun Argument  : Class ;
-fun Argument_Class : SubClass Argument Proposition ;
-
--- Artifacts that are created primarily for 
--- aesthetic appreciation. Note that this Class does not include 
--- most examples of architecture, which belong under StationaryArtifact.
-fun ArtWork  : Class ;
-fun ArtWork_Class : SubClass ArtWork Artifact ;
-
--- A Class of Invertebrate that includes 
--- Arachnids and Insects.
-fun Arthropod  : Class ;
-fun Arthropod_Class : SubClass Arthropod Invertebrate ;
-
--- A relatively short Text that either is unbound or is 
--- bound with other Articles in a Book.
-fun Article  : Class ;
-fun Article_Class : SubClass Article Text ;
-
--- A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a 
--- Making.
-fun Artifact  : Class ;
-fun Artifact_Class : SubClass Artifact CorpuscularObject ;
-
--- The subclass of Languages that are 
--- designed by Humans.
-fun ArtificialLanguage  : Class ;
-fun ArtificialLanguage_Class : SubClass ArtificialLanguage Language ;
-
--- Asexual Processes of biological 
--- reproduction.
-fun AsexualReproduction  : Class ;
-fun AsexualReproduction_Class : SubClass AsexualReproduction Replication ;
-
--- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
--- sleeping.
-fun Asleep  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of all astronomical 
--- objects of significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects 
--- like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as Collections like 
--- nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth 
--- is an AstronomicalBody, but every Region of Earth is a 
--- GeographicArea.
-fun AstronomicalBody  : Class ;
-fun AstronomicalBody_Class : SubClass AstronomicalBody Region ;
-
--- An extremely small unit of matter that retains its 
--- identity in Chemical reactions. It consists of an AtomicNucleus and 
--- Electrons surrounding the AtomicNucleus.
-fun Atom  : Class ;
-fun Atom_Class : SubClass Atom ElementalSubstance ;
-
--- MassMeasure that is also known as the gram_atom. 
--- Defined as the mass in grams of 1 Mole of pure substance. For example, 
--- 1 AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 AtomGrams 
--- of the same substance will be 24 Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in 
--- that it is essentially 1 Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the 
--- actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance.
-fun AtomGram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- The core of the Atom. It is composed of 
--- Protons and Neutrons.
-fun AtomicNucleus  : Class ;
-fun AtomicNucleus_Class : SubClass AtomicNucleus SubatomicParticle ;
-
--- A Process where one Object becomes attached 
--- to another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two 
--- things which are attached may already be in the same location. Note that 
--- Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to 
--- Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too 
--- that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the 
--- two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location 
--- where they were combined.
-fun Attaching  : Class ;
-fun Attaching_Class : SubClass Attaching DualObjectProcess ;
-
--- A Device whose purpose is to attach one thing 
--- to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc.
-fun AttachingDevice  : Class ;
-fun AttachingDevice_Class : SubClass AttachingDevice Device ;
-
--- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the 
--- agent attempts to inflict damage on the patient.
-fun Attack  : Class ;
-fun Attack_Class : SubClass Attack Maneuver ;
-
--- Qualities which we cannot or choose not to 
--- reify into subclasses of Object.
-fun Attribute  : Class ;
-fun Attribute_Class : SubClass Attribute Abstract ;
-
--- A sound level capable of being heard by a Human.
-fun Audible  : Ind SoundAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of all Months which are August.
-fun August  : Class ;
-fun August_Class : SubClass August Month ;
-
--- The class of PhysiologicProcesses of 
--- which there is not conscious awareness and control.
-fun AutonomicProcess  : Class ;
-fun AutonomicProcess_Class : SubClass AutonomicProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
-
--- Attribute that applies to Organisms that are 
--- neither Unconscious nor Asleep.
-fun Awake  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
-
-
--- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
--- that is opposite the FrontFn of the Object. Note that this is a 
--- partial function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples 
--- and spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
--- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
--- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
--- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
--- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
-fun BackFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
-
-
--- A small, typically one_celled, prokaryotic 
--- Microorganism.
-fun Bacterium  : Class ;
-fun Bacterium_Class : SubClass Bacterium Microorganism ;
-
--- A ViolentContest between two or more military 
--- units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the 
--- metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some 
--- sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of 
--- Contest.
-fun Battle  : Class ;
-fun Battle_Class : SubClass Battle ViolentContest ;
-
--- SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures 
--- the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is 
--- that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic 
--- disintegration per SecondDuration. Becquerel = s^(_1).
-fun Becquerel  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
--- the TimePoint at which the interval begins.
-fun BeginFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
--- to the GraphNode that is the beginning of the GraphPath. Note that, 
--- unlike InitialNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
--- BeginNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a beginning.
-fun BeginNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
-
-
--- A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief 
--- or set of beliefs.
-fun BeliefGroup  : Class ;
-fun BeliefGroup_Class : SubClass BeliefGroup GroupOfPeople ;
-
--- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
--- up/down schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means 
--- directly below, i.e., if one object is Below another object, then the 
--- projections of the two objects overlap.
-fun Below  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- A FinancialTransaction where an instance of 
--- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger 
--- instance of CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of 
--- Game.
-fun Betting  : Class ;
-fun Betting_Class : SubClass Betting FinancialTransaction ;
-
--- Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. 
--- Note that this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food, 
--- i.e. Meat and FruitOrVegetable.
-fun Beverage  : Class ;
-fun Beverage_Class : SubClass Beverage Food ;
-
--- Elements from the number system with base 2. 
--- Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.
-fun BinaryNumber  : Class ;
-fun BinaryNumber_Class : SubClass BinaryNumber RealNumber ;
-
--- Attributes that apply specifically 
--- to instances of Organism.
-fun BiologicalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun BiologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass BiologicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- A Process embodied in an Organism.
-fun BiologicalProcess  : Class ;
-fun BiologicalProcess_Class : SubClass BiologicalProcess InternalChange ;
-
--- A Substance that is 
--- capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an 
--- Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, 
--- diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. 
--- This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body 
--- and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance 
--- includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special 
--- handling because of their toxicity.
-fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance  : Class ;
-fun BiologicallyActiveSubstance_Class : SubClass BiologicallyActiveSubstance Substance ;
-
--- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
--- and characterized by the presence of feathers.
-fun Bird  : Class ;
-fun Bird_Class : SubClass Bird WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
-
--- The Process of being born.
-fun Birth  : Class ;
-fun Birth_Class : SubClass Birth OrganismProcess ;
-
--- One Bit of information. A one or a zero.
-fun Bit  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
-
-
--- The Attribute of being black in color.
-fun Black  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
-
-
--- A fluid present in Animals that transports 
--- Nutrients to and waste products away from various BodyParts.
-fun Blood  : Class ;
-fun Blood_Class : SubClass Blood BodySubstance ;
-
--- The Attribute of being blue in color.
-fun Blue  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
-
-
--- Any BodyPart which contains an unfilled space, 
--- e.g. BodyVessels, the atria and ventricles of the heart, the lungs, etc.
-fun BodyCavity  : Class ;
-fun BodyCavity_Class : SubClass BodyCavity BodyPart ;
-
--- Any BodyPart which is a covering of another 
--- BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of 
--- FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals.
-fun BodyCovering  : Class ;
-fun BodyCovering_Class : SubClass BodyCovering BodyPart ;
-
--- The place where two BodyParts 
--- meet or connect.
-fun BodyJunction  : Class ;
-fun BodyJunction_Class : SubClass BodyJunction BodyPart ;
-
--- Any Motion where the agent is an Organism 
--- and the patient is a BodyPart.
-fun BodyMotion  : Class ;
-fun BodyMotion_Class : SubClass BodyMotion Motion ;
-
--- A collection of Cells and Tissues which 
--- are localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not 
--- pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures 
--- to small components of complex Organs.
-fun BodyPart  : Class ;
-fun BodyPart_Class : SubClass BodyPart AnatomicalStructure ;
-
--- The class of Attributes expressing 
--- configurations of bodies or parts of bodies of animals or humans, 
--- e.g. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc.
-fun BodyPosition  : Class ;
-fun BodyPosition_Class : SubClass BodyPosition BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- Extracellular material and mixtures of 
--- cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted 
--- by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental 
--- enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid.
-fun BodySubstance  : Class ;
-fun BodySubstance_Class : SubClass BodySubstance Substance ;
-
--- Any tube_like structure which occurs naturally in 
--- an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate.
-fun BodyVessel  : Class ;
-fun BodyVessel_Class : SubClass BodyVessel BodyCavity ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where a Substance is 
--- heated and converted from a Liquid to a Gas.
-fun Boiling  : Class ;
-fun Boiling_Class : SubClass Boiling StateChange ;
-
--- Rigid Tissue composed largely of calcium that makes up 
--- the skeleton of Vertebrates. Note that this Class also includes teeth.
-fun Bone  : Class ;
-fun Bone_Class : SubClass Bone (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
-
-
--- A Text that has pages and is bound.
-fun Book  : Class ;
-fun Book_Class : SubClass Book Text ;
-
--- The subclass of Getting Processes where 
--- the agent gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation 
--- that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).
-fun Borrowing  : Class ;
-fun Borrowing_Class : SubClass Borrowing Getting ;
-
--- The Process of respiration, by which oxygen 
--- is made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, 
--- exhalation, and alternations between the two.
-fun Breathing  : Class ;
-fun Breathing_Class : SubClass Breathing (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
-
-
--- An energy measure.
-fun BritishThermalUnit  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are 
--- intended to house Humans and their activities.
-fun Building  : Class ;
-fun Building_Class : SubClass Building StationaryArtifact ;
-
--- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
--- CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.
-fun Buying  : Class ;
-fun Buying_Class : SubClass Buying FinancialTransaction ;
-
--- One Byte of information. A Byte is eight 
--- Bits.
-fun Byte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
-
-
--- IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve 
--- the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.
-fun Calculating  : Class ;
-fun Calculating_Class : SubClass Calculating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- A Calorie is an energy measure.
-fun Calorie  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. 
--- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
--- follows: the Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, 
--- of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 
--- Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 
--- Watt per Steradian.
-fun Candela  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of Carnivores with completely 
--- separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles.
-fun Canine  : Class ;
-fun Canine_Class : SubClass Canine Carnivore ;
-
--- An element of living cells and a source of 
--- energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates, 
--- i.e. sugars, and complex Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.
-fun Carbohydrate  : Class ;
-fun Carbohydrate_Class : SubClass Carbohydrate Nutrient ;
-
-fun CardinalityFn  : El (either SetOrClass Collection) -> Ind Number ;
-
--- The Class of flesh_eating Mammals. Members 
--- of this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes 
--- cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks.
-fun Carnivore  : Class ;
-fun Carnivore_Class : SubClass Carnivore Mammal ;
-
--- Transfer from one point to another by means of 
--- an Animal or Human.
-fun Carrying  : Class ;
-fun Carrying_Class : SubClass Carrying Transfer ;
-
--- (CeilingFn ?NUMBER) returns the smallest 
--- Integer greater than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
-fun CeilingFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- The fundamental structural and functional unit of 
--- living Organisms.
-fun Cell  : Class ;
-fun Cell_Class : SubClass Cell BodyPart ;
-
--- A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point 
--- and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 
--- CelsiusDegrees.
-fun CelsiusDegree  : Ind (both TemperatureMeasure UnitOfMeasure) ;
-
-
--- (CenterOfCircleFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the 
--- GeometricPoint that is the center of the Circle ?CIRCLE.
-fun CenterOfCircleFn  : El Circle -> Ind GeometricPoint ;
-
-
--- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is 
--- the 100th part of a Meter
-fun Centimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
--- midwestern United States.
-fun CentralTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
-
-
--- A Text that confers a right or obligation 
--- on the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation 
--- need not be a legal one, as in the case of an academic diploma that grants 
--- certain privileges in the professional world.
-fun Certificate  : Class ;
-fun Certificate_Class : SubClass Certificate Text ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where 
--- ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another.
-fun ChangeOfPossession  : Class ;
-fun ChangeOfPossession_Class : SubClass ChangeOfPossession SocialInteraction ;
-
--- An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. 
--- Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character 
--- is a subclass of SymbolicString, because every instance of Character is 
--- an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.
-fun Character  : Class ;
-fun Character_Class : SubClass Character SymbolicString ;
-
--- The Class of ChemicalProcesses 
--- in which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.
-fun ChemicalDecomposition  : Class ;
-fun ChemicalDecomposition_Class : SubClass ChemicalDecomposition (both ChemicalProcess Separating) ;
-
-
--- A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever 
--- chemical compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. 
--- For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products 
--- appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical 
--- reaction takes place. Catalysts in a ChemicalProcess may speed up the 
--- reaction, but aren't themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of 
--- iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to 
--- gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen.
-fun ChemicalProcess  : Class ;
-fun ChemicalProcess_Class : SubClass ChemicalProcess InternalChange ;
-
--- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in 
--- which a CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants.
-fun ChemicalSynthesis  : Class ;
-fun ChemicalSynthesis_Class : SubClass ChemicalSynthesis (both ChemicalProcess Combining) ;
-
-
--- The class of Ovals such that all GeometricPoints 
--- that make up the Circle are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, 
--- known as the center of the Circle.
-fun Circle  : Class ;
-fun Circle_Class : SubClass Circle Oval ;
-
--- A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited 
--- by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. 
--- Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements 
--- like towns, villages, hamlets, etc.
-fun City  : Class ;
-fun City_Class : SubClass City (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
-
-
--- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. 
--- Note that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact 
--- that the latter covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any 
--- Proposition, while the former involves the assignment of a label 
--- or category.
-fun Classifying  : Class ;
-fun Classifying_Class : SubClass Classifying IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- Any TwoDimensionalFigure which 
--- has a well defined interior and exterior.
-fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
-fun ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
-
--- Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other 
--- materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans.
-fun Clothing  : Class ;
-fun Clothing_Class : SubClass Clothing WearableItem ;
-
--- Any GasMixture that is visible, e.g. Smoke produced 
--- by a fire or clouds of water vapor in the sky.
-fun Cloud  : Class ;
-fun Cloud_Class : SubClass Cloud GasMixture ;
-
--- A SentientAgent with responsibilities 
--- and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is 
--- essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although 
--- Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of 
--- CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, 
--- chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials 
--- (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.
-fun CognitiveAgent  : Class ;
-fun CognitiveAgent_Class : SubClass CognitiveAgent SentientAgent ;
-
--- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
--- is not internally regulated.
-fun ColdBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
-fun ColdBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass ColdBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
-
--- Collections have members like Classes, but, 
--- unlike Classes, they have a position in space_time and members can be 
--- added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the 
--- Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks 
--- of sheep.
-fun Collection  : Class ;
-fun Collection_Class : SubClass Collection Object ;
-
--- The Class of Attributes relating to the 
--- color of Objects.
-fun ColorAttribute  : Class ;
-fun ColorAttribute_Class : SubClass ColorAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- The subclass of SurfaceChange where a 
--- ColorAttribute of the patient is altered. Note that the change in
--- color may apply to just part of the object.
-fun Coloring  : Class ;
-fun Coloring_Class : SubClass Coloring SurfaceChange ;
-
--- A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects 
--- are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining 
--- is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects 
--- being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects 
--- being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different 
--- from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or 
--- may not be moved from the location where they were combined.
-fun Combining  : Class ;
-fun Combining_Class : SubClass Combining DualObjectProcess ;
-
--- The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an Object 
--- reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in which 
--- something is burning.
-fun Combustion  : Class ;
-fun Combustion_Class : SubClass Combustion ChemicalDecomposition ;
-
--- An Agent that provides products and/or 
--- services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.
-fun CommercialAgent  : Class ;
-fun CommercialAgent_Class : SubClass CommercialAgent Agent ;
-
--- Any FinancialTransaction by a 
--- CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.
-fun CommercialService  : Class ;
-fun CommercialService_Class : SubClass CommercialService (both FinancialTransaction ServiceProcess) ;
-
-
--- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some 
--- future course. For example, Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.
-fun Committing  : Class ;
-fun Committing_Class : SubClass Committing LinguisticCommunication ;
-
--- A SocialInteraction that involves 
--- the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. 
--- Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially 
--- different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation 
--- or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is 
--- the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message.
-fun Communication  : Class ;
-fun Communication_Class : SubClass Communication (both ContentBearingProcess SocialInteraction) ;
-
-
--- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of 
--- two or more Entities.
-fun Comparing  : Class ;
-fun Comparing_Class : SubClass Comparing (both DualObjectProcess IntentionalPsychologicalProcess) ;
-
-
--- The complement of a given SetOrClass C is the 
--- SetOrClass of all things that are not instances of C. In other words, an 
--- object is an instance of the complement of a SetOrClass C just in case it 
--- is not an instance of C.
-fun ComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A Number that has the form: x + yi, where x 
--- and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of _1.
-fun ComplexNumber  : Class ;
-fun ComplexNumber_Class : SubClass ComplexNumber Number ;
-
--- Instances
--- of this Class are UnitsOfMeasure defined by the functional
--- composition of other units, each of which might be a
--- CompositeUnitOfMeasure or a NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure.
-fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
-fun CompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass CompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- The Class of Substances that contain 
--- two or more elements (ElementalSubstances), in definite proportion by weight. 
--- The composition of a pure compound will be invariant, regardless of the method 
--- of preparation. Compounds are composed of more than one kind of atom (element). 
--- The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still 
--- retains all of the properties of the compound. Examples: Table salt (sodium 
--- chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), and water (H_2O).
-fun CompoundSubstance  : Class ;
-fun CompoundSubstance_Class : SubClass CompoundSubstance PureSubstance ;
-
--- The class of Languages designed for 
--- and interpreted by a computer.
-fun ComputerLanguage  : Class ;
-fun ComputerLanguage_Class : SubClass ComputerLanguage ArtificialLanguage ;
-
--- A set of instructions in a computer 
--- programming language that can be executed by a computer.
-fun ComputerProgram  : Class ;
-fun ComputerProgram_Class : SubClass ComputerProgram Procedure ;
-
--- The process of developing a 
--- ComputerProgram
-fun ComputerProgramming  : Class ;
-fun ComputerProgramming_Class : SubClass ComputerProgramming ContentDevelopment ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
--- cooled and converted from a Gas to a Liquid.
-fun Condensing  : Class ;
-fun Condensing_Class : SubClass Condensing StateChange ;
-
--- The Class of Keeping Processes where the 
--- patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers 
--- caging, imprisonment, jailing, etc.
-fun Confining  : Class ;
-fun Confining_Class : SubClass Confining Keeping ;
-
--- Attributes that indicate whether 
--- an Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of 
--- an Organism.
-fun ConsciousnessAttribute  : Class ;
-fun ConsciousnessAttribute_Class : SubClass ConsciousnessAttribute StateOfMind ;
-
--- A ConstantQuantity
--- is a PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 3 Meters and
--- 5 HourDurations. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every
--- ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantity is
--- distinguished from FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the
--- latter is formed through the mapping of one PhysicalQuantity to
--- another PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of ConstantQuantity is
--- expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a
--- Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters
--- is expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). Instances of
--- ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see
--- PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since
--- lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is
--- defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a
--- total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class
--- ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of
--- ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to
--- elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity
--- (such as mass quantities).
-fun ConstantQuantity  : Class ;
-fun ConstantQuantity_Class : SubClass ConstantQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
-
--- An ConstructedLanguage is a 
--- HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language
--- community, but rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by 
--- one or more language experts, often with an aim to produce a more 
--- grammatically regular language than any language that has evolved 
--- naturally. This Class includes languages like Esperanto that were 
--- created to facilitate international communication
-fun ConstructedLanguage  : Class ;
-fun ConstructedLanguage_Class : SubClass ConstructedLanguage (both ArtificialLanguage HumanLanguage) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Making in which a 
--- StationaryArtifact is built.
-fun Constructing  : Class ;
-fun Constructing_Class : SubClass Constructing Making ;
-
--- Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses 
--- content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject 
--- is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or 
--- physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.
-fun ContentBearingObject  : Class ;
-fun ContentBearingObject_Class : SubClass ContentBearingObject (both ContentBearingPhysical CorpuscularObject) ;
-
-
--- Any Object or Process that
--- expresses content. This covers Objects that contain a Proposition,
--- such as a book, as well as ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly
--- contain a Proposition.
-fun ContentBearingPhysical  : Class ;
-fun ContentBearingPhysical_Class : SubClass ContentBearingPhysical Physical ;
-
--- Any Process, for example 
--- ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition.
-fun ContentBearingProcess  : Class ;
-fun ContentBearingProcess_Class : SubClass ContentBearingProcess ContentBearingPhysical ;
-
--- A subclass of IntentionalProcess in 
--- which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.
-fun ContentDevelopment  : Class ;
-fun ContentDevelopment_Class : SubClass ContentDevelopment IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- A SocialInteraction where the agent and 
--- patient are CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. 
--- Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural 
--- language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or 
--- sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment.
-fun Contest  : Class ;
-fun Contest_Class : SubClass Contest SocialInteraction ;
-
--- A Class containing Attributes that are 
--- specific to participants in a Contest. In particular, these Attributes 
--- indicate the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect 
--- to other agent(s) in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes 
--- are winning, losing, won, lost, etc.
-fun ContestAttribute  : Class ;
-fun ContestAttribute_Class : SubClass ContestAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
-
--- As defined in the CIA World Fact Book, 
--- Continent covers seven land masses: Africa, NorthAmerica, 
--- SouthAmerica, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. 
--- Note that Australia, counted as a continent in some other systems, 
--- is included in Oceania in the Fact Book. As a consequence, there 
--- is no Nation which is also a Continent.
-fun Continent  : Class ;
-fun Continent_Class : SubClass Continent LandArea ;
-
--- The Making of an instance of Food. Note 
--- that this can cover any preparation of Food, e.g. making a salad, 
--- cutting up fruit, etc. It does not necessarily involve the application 
--- of heat.
-fun Cooking  : Class ;
-fun Cooking_Class : SubClass Cooking Making ;
-
--- Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
--- decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.
-fun Cooling  : Class ;
-fun Cooling_Class : SubClass Cooling Decreasing ;
-
--- The subclass of SocialInteraction where 
--- the participants involved work together for the achievement of a common 
--- goal.
-fun Cooperation  : Class ;
-fun Cooperation_Class : SubClass Cooperation SocialInteraction ;
-
--- A TimeZone which functions 
--- as the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military), 
--- Greenwich Mean Time, and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever 
--- a TimeZone is not specified, the TimePosition is understood to be with 
--- respect to the CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.
-fun CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
-
-
--- An Organization that has a special legal status 
--- that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates 
--- the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the 
--- corporation's operation.
-fun Corporation  : Class ;
-fun Corporation_Class : SubClass Corporation (both CommercialAgent Organization) ;
-
-
--- A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have 
--- properties that are not shared by the whole.
-fun CorpuscularObject  : Class ;
-fun CorpuscularObject_Class : SubClass CorpuscularObject SelfConnectedObject ;
-
--- (CosineFn ?DEGREE) returns the cosine of the 
--- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The cosine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the 
--- side next to ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
-fun CosineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is 
--- the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of 
--- a conductor in an electric circuit during each SecondDuration by a 
--- current of 1 Ampere. Coulomb = s*A.
-fun Coulomb  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating 
--- Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the 
--- patient.
-fun Counting  : Class ;
-fun Counting_Class : SubClass Counting Calculating ;
-
--- A GeopoliticalArea that is larger than a city, 
--- usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a StateOrProvince. 
--- Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is 
--- known by various names in various counties, e.g. parrish, commune, etc.
-fun County  : Class ;
-fun County_Class : SubClass County (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
-
-
--- The Class of Putting processes where the agent 
--- covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something 
--- else.
-fun Covering  : Class ;
-fun Covering_Class : SubClass Covering Putting ;
-
--- The subclass of Process in which 
--- something is created. Note that the thing created is specified 
--- with the result CaseRole.
-fun Creation  : Class ;
-fun Creation_Class : SubClass Creation InternalChange ;
-
--- A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells 
--- in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes 
--- lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles.
-fun Crustacean  : Class ;
-fun Crustacean_Class : SubClass Crustacean Arthropod ;
-
--- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a 
--- Pint.
-fun Cup  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- Any element of the official currrency of some 
--- Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.
-fun Currency  : Class ;
-fun Currency_Class : SubClass Currency FinancialInstrument ;
-
--- Instances of this
--- subclass of ConstantQuantity are measures of monetaryValue
--- stated in terms of some UnitOfCurrency such as UnitedStatesDollar,
--- UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc.
-fun CurrencyMeasure  : Class ;
-fun CurrencyMeasure_Class : SubClass CurrencyMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph the 
--- Class of GraphPaths that partition the graph into two separate 
--- graphs if cut. There may be more than one cutset for a given graph.
-fun CutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Poking Processes which 
--- involve a sharp instrument.
-fun Cutting  : Class ;
-fun Cutting_Class : SubClass Cutting Poking ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where the agent 
--- brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally 
--- or as intended.
-fun Damaging  : Class ;
-fun Damaging_Class : SubClass Damaging InternalChange ;
-
--- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
--- Object contains some Liquid.
-fun Damp  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
-
-
--- Any BodyMotion of Humans which is 
--- deliberately coordinated with music.
-fun Dancing  : Class ;
-fun Dancing_Class : SubClass Dancing BodyMotion ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Days.
-fun Day  : Class ;
-fun Day_Class : SubClass Day TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.
-fun DayDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
--- a subclass of Months to the Days within each Month corresponding to that 
--- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (DayFn 16 August) is the Class of all 
--- sixteenth days of August. For another example, (DayFn 9 Month) would return 
--- the class of all ninth days of any month. For still another example, (DayFn 18 
--- (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))) denotes the 18th day of August 1912.
-fun DayFn : El PositiveInteger -> Desc Month -> Desc Day ;
-
-
--- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
--- not alive.
-fun Dead  : Ind (both AnimacyAttribute ConsciousnessAttribute) ;
-
-
--- The Process of dying.
-fun Death  : Class ;
-fun Death_Class : SubClass Death OrganismProcess ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are December.
-fun December  : Class ;
-fun December_Class : SubClass December Month ;
-
--- The subclass of Selecting where the agent 
--- opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities 
--- that are open to him/her.
-fun Deciding  : Class ;
-fun Deciding_Class : SubClass Deciding Selecting ;
-
--- The Class of LinguisticCommunications that 
--- effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. 
--- Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating.
-fun Declaring  : Class ;
-fun Declaring_Class : SubClass Declaring LinguisticCommunication ;
-
--- Converting a document or message that has previously 
--- been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a 
--- relatively large number of speakers.
-fun Decoding  : Class ;
-fun Decoding_Class : SubClass Decoding Writing ;
-
--- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity 
--- is decreased.
-fun Decreasing  : Class ;
-fun Decreasing_Class : SubClass Decreasing QuantityChange ;
-
--- An Argument which has the form of a 
--- deduction, i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the 
--- conclusion.
-fun DeductiveArgument  : Class ;
-fun DeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass DeductiveArgument Argument ;
-
--- A Maneuver in a ViolentContest 
--- where the agent attempts to avoid being damaged.
-fun DefensiveManeuver  : Class ;
-fun DefensiveManeuver_Class : SubClass DefensiveManeuver Maneuver ;
-
--- Exhibiting something or a range of things 
--- before the public in a particular location. This would cover software 
--- demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum 
--- exhibitions, etc.
-fun Demonstrating  : Class ;
-fun Demonstrating_Class : SubClass Demonstrating Disseminating ;
-
--- (DenominatorFn ?NUMBER) returns the 
--- denominator of the canonical reduced form of the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
-fun DenominatorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- DensityFn maps an instance of MassMeasure 
--- and an instance of VolumeMeasure to the density represented by this 
--- proportion of mass and volume. For example, (DensityFn (MeasureFn 3 Gram) 
--- (MeasureFn 1 Liter)) represents the density of 3 grams per liter.
-fun DensityFn  : El MassMeasure -> El VolumeMeasure -> Ind FunctionQuantity;
-
-
--- A Class containing all of the Attributes 
--- relating to the notions of permission, obligation, and prohibition.
-fun DeonticAttribute  : Class ;
-fun DeonticAttribute_Class : SubClass DeonticAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
-
--- The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a 
--- Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects 
--- with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to 
--- satisfy a particular purpose.
-fun Designing  : Class ;
-fun Designing_Class : SubClass Designing IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- The subclass of Damagings in which 
--- the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. 
--- Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass is solely 
--- one of extent.
-fun Destruction  : Class ;
-fun Destruction_Class : SubClass Destruction Damaging ;
-
--- A Process where the agent detaches one thing 
--- from something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating 
--- in that the latter applies to Substances, while the former applies to 
--- CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Detaching is different from 
--- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are detached may or 
--- may not be moved from the location where they were attached.
-fun Detaching  : Class ;
-fun Detaching_Class : SubClass Detaching DualObjectProcess ;
-
--- Attributes that indicate the 
--- stage of development of an Organism.
-fun DevelopmentalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun DevelopmentalAttribute_Class : SubClass DevelopmentalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to 
--- serve as an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.
-fun Device  : Class ;
-fun Device_Class : SubClass Device Artifact ;
-
--- A Process that is carried out for 
--- the purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
-fun DiagnosticProcess  : Class ;
-fun DiagnosticProcess_Class : SubClass DiagnosticProcess Investigating ;
-
--- The Process by which Food that has been 
--- ingested is broken down into simpler chemical compounds and absorbed by 
--- the Organism.
-fun Digesting  : Class ;
-fun Digesting_Class : SubClass Digesting (both AutonomicProcess OrganismProcess) ;
-
-
--- The Class of directed graphs. A 
--- directed graph is a Graph in which all GraphArcs
--- have direction, i.e. every GraphArc has an initial node (see 
--- InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
-fun DirectedGraph  : Class ;
-fun DirectedGraph_Class : SubClass DirectedGraph Graph ;
-
--- Instances of this Class urge some further action 
--- among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering, a Requesting or 
--- a Questioning.
-fun Directing  : Class ;
-fun Directing_Class : SubClass Directing LinguisticCommunication ;
-
--- The act of changing the direction in 
--- which the patient of the act is oriented.
-fun DirectionChange  : Class ;
-fun DirectionChange_Class : SubClass DirectionChange Motion ;
-
--- The subclass of PositionalAttributes 
--- that concern compass directions.
-fun DirectionalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun DirectionalAttribute_Class : SubClass DirectionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
-
--- A Stating in which two Agents have
--- contradictory statements. This is distinguished from Arguing in
--- that the statement in dispute may be a simple assertion, rather than
--- a chain of deduction, and that two entities must be disagreeing with
--- each other, whereas a single entity may craft an argument for a given
--- point of view, without the need for another agent to disagree with.
-fun Disagreeing  : Class ;
-fun Disagreeing_Class : SubClass Disagreeing Stating ;
-
--- Finding something that was sought. Note that 
--- this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. 
--- For cases involving the acquisition of knowledge, the class Learning 
--- should be used.
-fun Discovering  : Class ;
-fun Discovering_Class : SubClass Discovering IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies 
--- something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity 
--- of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of 
--- one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs.
-fun DiseaseOrSyndrome  : Class ;
-fun DiseaseOrSyndrome_Class : SubClass DiseaseOrSyndrome BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- Any Communication that involves a 
--- single agent and many destinations. This covers the release 
--- of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving 
--- orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc.
-fun Disseminating  : Class ;
-fun Disseminating_Class : SubClass Disseminating Communication ;
-
--- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, then 
--- (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the result of dividing ?NUMBER1 by 
--- ?NUMBER2. Note that when ?NUMBER1 = 1 (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
--- is the reciprocal of ?NUMBER2. Note too that (DivisionFn ?NUMBER1 
--- ?NUMBER2) is undefined when ?NUMBER2 = 0.
-fun DivisionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- The Process by which liquid Food, i.e. 
--- Beverages, are incorporated into an Animal.
-fun Drinking  : Class ;
-fun Drinking_Class : SubClass Drinking Ingesting ;
-
--- Controlling the direction and/or speed of a 
--- Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship, driving a car or truck, 
--- operating a train, etc.
-fun Driving  : Class ;
-fun Driving_Class : SubClass Driving Guiding ;
-
--- An Attribute which indicates that the associated 
--- Object contains no Liquid.
-fun Dry  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed 
--- from an Object.
-fun Drying  : Class ;
-fun Drying_Class : SubClass Drying Removing ;
-
--- Any Process that requires two, 
--- nonidentical patients.
-fun DualObjectProcess  : Class ;
-fun DualObjectProcess_Class : SubClass DualObjectProcess Process ;
-
--- The compass direction of East.
-fun East  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
--- eastern United States.
-fun EasternTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
-
-
--- The Process by which solid Food is 
--- incorporated into an Animal.
-fun Eating  : Class ;
-fun Eating_Class : SubClass Eating Ingesting ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps a type of text 
--- (e.g. Agatha Christie's Murder_on_the_Orient_Express) and a number 
--- to the edition of the text type corresponding to the number.
-fun EditionFn : Desc ContentBearingObject -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc ContentBearingObject ;
-
-
--- A EducationalOrganization is 
--- an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K_12 
--- schools, and colleges and universities.
-fun EducationalOrganization  : Class ;
-fun EducationalOrganization_Class : SubClass EducationalOrganization Organization ;
-
--- Any Process which is intended to result 
--- in Learning.
-fun EducationalProcess  : Class ;
-fun EducationalProcess_Class : SubClass EducationalProcess Guiding ;
-
--- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody 
--- of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian 
--- ova.
-fun Egg  : Class ;
-fun Egg_Class : SubClass Egg (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
-
-
--- Election is the class of events conducted by an 
--- organization, in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt 
--- resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization.
-fun Election  : Class ;
-fun Election_Class : SubClass Election OrganizationalProcess ;
-
--- SubatomicParticles that surround the 
--- AtomicNucleus. They have a negative charge.
-fun Electron  : Class ;
-fun Electron_Class : SubClass Electron SubatomicParticle ;
-
--- The ElectronVolt is an energy measure. 
--- Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing 
--- through a potential difference of 1 Volt in a vacuum.
-fun ElectronVolt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of PureSubstances that 
--- cannot be separated into two or more Substances by ordinary chemical 
--- (or physical) means. This excludes nuclear reactions. ElementalSubstances 
--- are composed of only one kind of atom. Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), 
--- and oxygen (O_2). ElementalSubstances are the simplest 
--- PureSubstances.
-fun ElementalSubstance  : Class ;
-fun ElementalSubstance_Class : SubClass ElementalSubstance PureSubstance ;
-
--- The stage of an Organism or an 
--- AnatomicalStructure that exists only before the Organism is born. 
--- Mammals, for example, have this Attribute only prior to 
--- their birth.
-fun Embryonic  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of Attributes that denote emotional 
--- states of Organisms.
-fun EmotionalState  : Class ;
-fun EmotionalState_Class : SubClass EmotionalState StateOfMind ;
-
--- Converting a document or message into a formal 
--- language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small 
--- body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of 
--- the content in the original document or message.
-fun Encoding  : Class ;
-fun Encoding_Class : SubClass Encoding Writing ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimeInterval to 
--- the TimePoint at which the interval ends.
-fun EndFn  : El TimeInterval -> Ind TimePoint ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a GraphPath 
--- to the GraphNode that is the end of the GraphPath. Note that, unlike 
--- TerminalNodeFn (which relates a GraphArc to a GraphNode), 
--- EndNodeFn is a total function _ every GraphPath has a end.
-fun EndNodeFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind GraphNode ;
-
-
--- A fundamental concept that applies 
--- in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of 
--- a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might 
--- see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference betweeen 
--- EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that 
--- EngineeringComponents are object_like in a modeling sense. Thus, an 
--- EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a 
--- system with a stable identity.
-fun EngineeringComponent  : Class ;
-fun EngineeringComponent_Class : SubClass EngineeringComponent Device ;
-
--- An EngineeringConnection is an 
--- EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between 
--- two other EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the 
--- Predicate connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever 
--- this Predicate holds between two EngineeringComponents, there exists an 
--- EngineeringConnection. The practical reason for reifying a relationship 
--- is to be able to attach other information about it. For example, one
--- might want to say that a particular connection is associated with some 
--- shared parameters, or that it is of a particular type. 
--- EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can therefore be 
--- an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However, 
--- to provide for modular regularity in component systems, 
--- EngineeringConnections cannot be connected. For each pair of 
--- EngineeringComponents related by connectedEngineeringComponents, there 
--- exists at least one EngineeringConnection. However, that object may not 
--- be unique, and the same EngineeringConnection may be associated with 
--- several pairs of EngineeringComponents.
-fun EngineeringConnection  : Class ;
-fun EngineeringConnection_Class : SubClass EngineeringConnection EngineeringComponent ;
-
--- The universal class of individuals. This is the root 
--- node of the ontology.
-fun Entity  : Class ;
-
-
--- A complex Protein that is produced by living 
--- cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six 
--- main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, 
--- lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
-fun Enzyme  : Class ;
-fun Enzyme_Class : SubClass Enzyme Protein ;
-
--- A GroupOfPeople whose members originate 
--- from the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural 
--- practices.
-fun EthnicGroup  : Class ;
-fun EthnicGroup_Class : SubClass EthnicGroup GroupOfPeople ;
-
--- A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01 
--- EuroDollars.
-fun EuroCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
-
-
--- A currency measure of most European Union countries.
-fun EuroDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where a Substance is 
--- converted from a Liquid to a Gas at a temperature below its
--- Boiling point.
-fun Evaporating  : Class ;
-fun Evaporating_Class : SubClass Evaporating StateChange ;
-
--- An Integer that is evenly divisible 
--- by 2.
-fun EvenInteger  : Class ;
-fun EvenInteger_Class : SubClass EvenInteger Integer ;
-
--- The system of Bones that are on the Outside of an organism and 
--- make up the supporting structure of many Invertebrates.
-fun Exoskeleton  : Class ;
-fun Exoskeleton_Class : SubClass Exoskeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
-
-
--- Investigating the truth of a Proposition 
--- by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either 
--- controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind.
-fun Experimenting  : Class ;
-fun Experimenting_Class : SubClass Experimenting Investigating ;
-
--- An Argument where the conclusion is an 
--- observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply 
--- the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico_deductive model 
--- of explanation.
-fun Explanation  : Class ;
-fun Explanation_Class : SubClass Explanation DeductiveArgument ;
-
--- (ExponentiationFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns 
--- the RealNumber ?NUMBER raised to the power of the Integer ?INT.
-fun ExponentiationFn  : El Quantity -> El Integer -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- Instances of this Class express a state of the agent. 
--- For example, Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The thanking 
--- in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that Expressing, 
--- unlike the other speech act types, is not a subclass of LinguisticCommunication. 
--- This is because emotions, for example, can be expressed without language, e.g. by 
--- smiling.
-fun Expressing  : Class ;
-fun Expressing_Class : SubClass Expressing Communication ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Attribute 
--- into the Class whose condition for membership is the Attribute.
-fun ExtensionFn  : El Attribute -> Class ;
-
-
--- Artifacts that are created by weaving together 
--- natural or synthetic fibers or by treating the skins of certain sorts of 
--- Animals. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by 
--- stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other 
--- hand, Clothing is not a subclass of Fabric, because many clothing items 
--- contain elements that are not fabrics.
-fun Fabric  : Class ;
-fun Fabric_Class : SubClass Fabric Artifact ;
-
--- The class of Texts that purport to 
--- reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information 
--- or as non_fiction. Note that something can be an instance of 
--- FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something 
--- is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating 
--- the text.
-fun FactualText  : Class ;
-fun FactualText_Class : SubClass FactualText Text ;
-
--- A UnitOfTemperature that is commonly 
--- used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point 
--- of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 
--- 212 FahrenheitDegrees.
-fun FahrenheitDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
-
-
--- Falling is the class of events in 
--- which something moves from a higher location to a lower location 
--- under the force of gravity.
-fun Falling  : Class ;
-fun Falling_Class : SubClass Falling (both MotionDownward Translocation) ;
-
-
--- The TruthValue of being false.
-fun False  : Ind TruthValue ;
-
-
--- A GroupOfPeople whose members bear 
--- familyRelations to one another.
-fun FamilyGroup  : Class ;
-fun FamilyGroup_Class : SubClass FamilyGroup GroupOfPeople ;
-
--- SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the 
--- capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears 
--- a difference of potential of 1 Volt when it is charged by a quantity 
--- of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. Farad = C/V = 
--- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^4*A^2.
-fun Farad  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Nonrigid Tissue that is composed largely of 
--- fat cells.
-fun FatTissue  : Class ;
-fun FatTissue_Class : SubClass FatTissue Tissue ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are February.
-fun February  : Class ;
-fun February_Class : SubClass February Month ;
-
--- The Class of Carnivores with completely
--- separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than
--- the cheetah have retractable claws.
-fun Feline  : Class ;
-fun Feline_Class : SubClass Feline Carnivore ;
-
--- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
--- female in nature.
-fun Female  : Ind SexAttribute ;
-
-
--- A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue. 
--- This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and 
--- whisk ferns.
-fun Fern  : Class ;
-fun Fern_Class : SubClass Fern NonFloweringPlant ;
-
--- The class of Texts that purport to 
--- be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author 
--- does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is 
--- an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can 
--- be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. 
--- Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs 
--- of the agent creating the text.
-fun FictionalText  : Class ;
-fun FictionalText_Class : SubClass FictionalText Text ;
-
--- An academic or applied discipline with 
--- recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note 
--- that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a 
--- FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational 
--- content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of 
--- this content.
-fun FieldOfStudy  : Class ;
-fun FieldOfStudy_Class : SubClass FieldOfStudy Proposition ;
-
--- Something is Fillable if it can be filled by 
--- something else. Note that 'filled' here means perfectly filled.
--- Something is fillable just in case it is part of a hole, i.e., 
--- fillability is an exclusive property of holes and their parts.
-fun Fillable  : Ind ShapeAttribute ;
-
-
--- A document having monetary value 
--- or recording a monetary transaction
-fun FinancialInstrument  : Class ;
-fun FinancialInstrument_Class : SubClass FinancialInstrument Certificate ;
-
--- A Transaction where an instance 
--- of Currency is exchanged for something else.
-fun FinancialTransaction  : Class ;
-fun FinancialTransaction_Class : SubClass FinancialTransaction Transaction ;
-
--- A Set containing a finite number of elements.
-fun FiniteSet  : Class ;
-fun FiniteSet_Class : SubClass FiniteSet Set ;
-
--- A cold_blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by 
--- fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony 
--- skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. 
--- Also included are those Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or 
--- hagfish.
-fun Fish  : Class ;
-fun Fish_Class : SubClass Fish ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
-
--- The Attribute of being flammable at normal temperatures
--- (i.e. not while a Plasma).
-fun Flammable  : Ind PhysicalAttribute ;
-
-
--- (FloorFn ?NUMBER) returns the largest Integer 
--- less than or equal to the RealNumber ?NUMBER.
-fun FloorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- FlowRegion is a class of things whose 
--- boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive material is continuously moving 
--- through the region itself and being replaced by 
--- other, similar material. Each FlowRegion is constituted by a stream 
--- of matter moving as a whole. A FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. 
--- A wind may be considered as a Process or as a FlowRegion, similarly 
--- an OceanCurrent or a WaterWave. The motion process associated with a 
--- FlowRegion F is denoted by (FlowFn F). Note that certain 
--- properties belong to the FlowRegion itself (e.g., mass, length, volume, 
--- temperature, and speed or velocity of the region moving as a whole), 
--- while other properties of interest belong to the Motion of its 
--- constitutive stuff (e.g., velocity, direction). The motion of 
--- a FlowRegion as a whole (e.g., JetStream moves within the atmosphere) 
--- is distinguished from the motion of the pieces of stuff constituting the 
--- FlowRegion. See FlowFn and FlowRegionFn.
-fun FlowRegion  : Class ;
-
-
--- A Plant that produces seeds and flowers. 
--- This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers.
-fun FloweringPlant  : Class ;
-fun FloweringPlant_Class : SubClass FloweringPlant Plant ;
-
--- Fluid is the PhysicalState attribute of an 
--- Object that does not have a fixed shape and thus tends to flow or to 
--- conform to the shape of a container.
-fun Fluid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
-
-
--- Any SelfConnectedObject containing Nutrients, 
--- such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a 
--- living Animal and metabolized into energy and body tissue.
-fun Food  : Class ;
-fun Food_Class : SubClass Food SelfConnectedObject ;
-
--- English length unit of feet.
-fun FootLength  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
--- cooled and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.
-fun Freezing  : Class ;
-fun Freezing_Class : SubClass Freezing StateChange ;
-
--- A subclass of
--- TimeDependentQuantity, instances of which are measures of the
--- frequency with which some Process occurs.
-fun FrequencyMeasure  : Class ;
-fun FrequencyMeasure_Class : SubClass FrequencyMeasure TimeDependentQuantity ;
-
--- A WaterArea whose Water is not saline, 
--- e.g. most rivers and lakes.
-fun FreshWaterArea  : Class ;
-fun FreshWaterArea_Class : SubClass FreshWaterArea WaterArea ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Fridays.
-fun Friday  : Class ;
-fun Friday_Class : SubClass Friday Day ;
-
--- A Function that maps an Object to the side 
--- that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the 
--- direction in which the Object moves. Note that this is a partial 
--- function, since some Objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and 
--- spheres. Note too that the range of this Function is indefinite in 
--- much the way that ImmediateFutureFn and ImmediatePastFn are indefinite. 
--- Although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, 
--- it does not have significant practical implications, since there is 
--- widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases.
-fun FrontFn  : El SelfConnectedObject -> Ind SelfConnectedObject ;
-
-
--- Any fruit or vegetable, i.e. a 
--- ripened ReproductiveBody of a Plant. Note that FruitOrVegetable 
--- is not a subclass of Food, because some fruits, e.g. poisonous 
--- berries, are not edible.
-fun FruitOrVegetable  : Class ;
-fun FruitOrVegetable_Class : SubClass FruitOrVegetable (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
-
-
--- The stage of an Organism when it has reached 
--- the end of its growth phase.
-fun FullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
-
-
--- A FunctionQuantity
--- is a PhysicalQuantity that is returned by a Function that maps
--- from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance
--- of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would
--- be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating values of time (which
--- are instances of ConstantQuantity) to values of distance
--- (also instances of ConstantQuantity). Note that all elements of the
--- range of the Function corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the
--- same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.
-fun FunctionQuantity  : Class ;
-fun FunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass FunctionQuantity PhysicalQuantity ;
-
--- Any instance of Giving where the patient is an 
--- instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing, e.g. 
--- where a firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement 
--- that a certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned 
--- to the firm, and instances of UnilateralGiving, e.g. providing a tuition 
--- waiver and/or a stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.
-fun Funding  : Class ;
-fun Funding_Class : SubClass Funding Giving ;
-
--- A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the 
--- absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included 
--- here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, 
--- and mushrooms.
-fun Fungus  : Class ;
-fun Fungus_Class : SubClass Fungus Organism ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
--- to the TimeInterval which it meets and which ends at 
--- PositiveInfinity.
-fun FutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- A Contest whose purpose is the 
--- enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game.
-fun Game  : Class ;
-fun Game_Class : SubClass Game (both Contest RecreationOrExercise) ;
-
-
--- An Object has the Attribute of Gas if it has 
--- neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.
-fun Gas  : Ind PhysicalState ;
-
-
--- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
--- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any 
--- component other than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
--- which are suspended in the Gas.
-fun GasMixture  : Class ;
-fun GasMixture_Class : SubClass GasMixture Mixture ;
-
--- Any Motion where the patient is a 
--- Gas. This class would cover, in particular, the motion of 
--- Air, e.g. a breeze or wind.
-fun GasMotion  : Class ;
-fun GasMotion_Class : SubClass GasMotion Motion ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that takes a 
--- SetOrClass of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which 
--- is the intersection of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. 
--- the SetOrClass containing just those instances which are instances of all 
--- instances of the original SetOrClass.
-fun GeneralizedIntersectionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that takes a SetOrClass 
--- of Classes as its single argument and returns a SetOrClass which is the 
--- merge of all of the Classes in the original SetOrClass, i.e. the SetOrClass 
--- containing just those instances which are instances of an instance of the 
--- original SetOrClass.
-fun GeneralizedUnionFn : Desc SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A geographic location, generally having 
--- definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass 
--- Region in that a GeographicArea is a three_dimensional Region of the 
--- earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all 
--- one_dimensional and two_dimensional Regions are not classed under 
--- GeographicArea.
-fun GeographicArea  : Class ;
-fun GeographicArea_Class : SubClass GeographicArea Region ;
-
--- The class of activities that 
--- are caused by geological forces and affect geological features, 
--- and which may affect the biosphere as well.
-fun GeologicalProcess  : Class ;
-fun GeologicalProcess_Class : SubClass GeologicalProcess (both InternalChange Motion) ;
-
-
--- The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the 
--- class of all abstract, spatial representations. The instances of this class 
--- are GeometricPoints, TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures.
-fun GeometricFigure  : Class ;
-fun GeometricFigure_Class : SubClass GeometricFigure ShapeAttribute ;
-
--- The class of zero_dimensional 
--- GeometricFigures, i.e. the class of GeometricFigures that have position 
--- but lack extension in any dimension.
-fun GeometricPoint  : Class ;
-fun GeometricPoint_Class : SubClass GeometricPoint GeometricFigure ;
-
--- Any GeographicArea which is associated 
--- with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, 
--- Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity 
--- of a GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders.
-fun GeopoliticalArea  : Class ;
-fun GeopoliticalArea_Class : SubClass GeopoliticalArea (both Agent GeographicArea) ;
-
-
--- Any BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the 
--- head, a smile, which is also an instance of Communication.
-fun Gesture  : Class ;
-fun Gesture_Class : SubClass Gesture (both BodyMotion Communication) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the
--- agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is 
--- obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole.
-fun Getting  : Class ;
-fun Getting_Class : SubClass Getting ChangeOfPossession ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000 units of the original 
--- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (GigaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000 Hertz.
-fun GigaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the 
--- agent gives the destination something.
-fun Giving  : Class ;
-fun Giving_Class : SubClass Giving ChangeOfPossession ;
-
--- Any instance of Giving where the agent gives 
--- something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by 
--- the destination, e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.
-fun GivingBack  : Class ;
-fun GivingBack_Class : SubClass GivingBack Giving ;
-
--- An Organ that removes Substances from the Blood, 
--- alters them in some way, and then releases them.
-fun Gland  : Class ;
-fun Gland_Class : SubClass Gland Organ ;
-
--- The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.
-fun Government  : Class ;
-fun Government_Class : SubClass Government GovernmentOrganization ;
-
--- (GovernmentFn ?AREA) denotes the 
--- Government of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA. For example, 
--- (GovernmentFn UnitedStates) denotes the Federal_level government of 
--- the United States, (GovernmentFn PuertoRico) denotes the government of 
--- the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
-fun GovernmentFn  : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind Government ;
-
-
--- GovernmentOrganization is the 
--- class of official Organizations that are concerned with the government 
--- of a GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization 
--- of a government.
-fun GovernmentOrganization  : Class ;
-fun GovernmentOrganization_Class : SubClass GovernmentOrganization Organization ;
-
--- Any instance of Touching which results in 
--- a situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.
-fun Grabbing  : Class ;
-fun Grabbing_Class : SubClass Grabbing (both Attaching Touching) ;
-
-
--- The OrganizationalProcess of graduating 
--- from an EducationalOrganization.
-fun Graduation  : Class ;
-fun Graduation_Class : SubClass Graduation LeavingAnOrganization ;
-
--- Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 
--- 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams.
-fun Gram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- The Class of graphs, where a graph is understood 
--- to be a set of GraphNodes connected by GraphArcs. Note that this 
--- Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a 
--- GraphPath between any two GraphNodes. Note too that every Graph 
--- is required to contain at least two GraphArcs and three GraphNodes.
-fun Graph  : Class ;
-fun Graph_Class : SubClass Graph Abstract ;
-
--- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
--- and GraphArcs. Every GraphArc links two GraphNodes.
-fun GraphArc  : Class ;
-fun GraphArc_Class : SubClass GraphArc GraphElement ;
-
--- A GraphPath that begins (see 
--- BeginNodeFn) and ends (see EndNodeFn) at the same 
--- GraphNode.
-fun GraphCircuit  : Class ;
-fun GraphCircuit_Class : SubClass GraphCircuit GraphPath ;
-
--- Noncompositional parts of Graphs. 
--- These parts are restricted to GraphNodes and GraphArcs.
-fun GraphElement  : Class ;
-fun GraphElement_Class : SubClass GraphElement Abstract ;
-
--- A GraphArc in which a GraphNode is 
--- linked to itself.
-fun GraphLoop  : Class ;
-fun GraphLoop_Class : SubClass GraphLoop GraphArc ;
-
--- Graphs are comprised of GraphNodes 
--- and GraphArcs. Every GraphNode is linked by a GraphArc.
-fun GraphNode  : Class ;
-fun GraphNode_Class : SubClass GraphNode GraphElement ;
-
--- Informally, a single, directed route between 
--- two GraphNodes in a Graph. Formally, a DirectedGraph that is a 
--- subGraph of the original Graph and such that no two GraphArcs in 
--- the DirectedGraph have the same intial node (see InitialNodeFn) or 
--- the same terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn).
-fun GraphPath  : Class ;
-fun GraphPath_Class : SubClass GraphPath DirectedGraph ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps two GraphNodes 
--- to the Class of GraphPaths between those two nodes. Note that the two 
--- GraphNodes must belong to the same Graph.
-fun GraphPathFn : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Desc GraphPath ;
-
-
--- SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures 
--- the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately 
--- to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to
--- matter by ionizing radiation is 1 Joule per kilogram. Gray = J/kg 
--- = m^2*s^(_2).
-fun Gray  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- (GreatestCommonDivisorFn 
--- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the greatest common divisor of 
--- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
-fun GreatestCommonDivisorFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- A Collection of Agents, e.g. a flock 
--- of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop.
-fun Group  : Class ;
-fun Group_Class : SubClass Group (both Agent Collection) ;
-
-
--- Any Group whose members are 
--- exclusively Humans.
-fun GroupOfPeople  : Class ;
-fun GroupOfPeople_Class : SubClass GroupOfPeople Group ;
-
--- The Process of biological development in which 
--- an Organism or part of an Organism changes its form or its size.
-fun Growth  : Class ;
-fun Growth_Class : SubClass Growth AutonomicProcess ;
-
--- Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to 
--- direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not.
-fun Guiding  : Class ;
-fun Guiding_Class : SubClass Guiding IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- The subclass of Perception in which the 
--- sensing is done by an auditory Organ.
-fun Hearing  : Class ;
-fun Hearing_Class : SubClass Hearing Perception ;
-
--- Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity 
--- increased is a TemperatureMeasure.
-fun Heating  : Class ;
-fun Heating_Class : SubClass Heating Increasing ;
-
--- SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One Henry 
--- is equivalent to one Volt divided by one Ampere per SecondDuration. 
--- If a current changing at the rate of one Ampere per SecondDuration 
--- induces an electromotive force of one Volt, the circuit has an 
--- inductance of one Henry. Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_2).
-fun Henry  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- SI frequency measure. Symbol: Hz. It is the 
--- number of cycles per second. Hertz = s^(_1). Note that Hertz 
--- does not have a conversion function.
-fun Hertz  : Ind UnitOfFrequency ;
-
-
--- OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an 
--- employee of an Organization.
-fun Hiring  : Class ;
-fun Hiring_Class : SubClass Hiring JoiningAnOrganization ;
-
--- A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface 
--- of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host 
--- (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as 
--- being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same 
--- region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two 
--- hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A 
--- common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any 
--- object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its 
--- parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have 
--- overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their 
--- hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with 
--- exactly the same things as the hole itself.
-fun Hole  : Class ;
-fun Hole_Class : SubClass Hole Region ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to 
--- the Object which is its principal host. The principle host of a Hole 
--- is its maximally connected host (a notion taken here to be defined only 
--- when the argument is a hole).
-fun HoleHostFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a Hole to the skin 
--- of the Hole. The skin of a Hole is the fusion of those superficial 
--- parts (see superficialPart) of the Hole's principal host (see 
--- HoleHostFn) with which the Hole is externally connected.
-fun HoleSkinFn  : El Hole -> Ind Object ;
-
-
--- Includes Humans and relatively recent 
--- ancestors of Humans.
-fun Hominid  : Class ;
-fun Hominid_Class : SubClass Hominid Primate ;
-
--- The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves. 
--- Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc.
-fun HoofedMammal  : Class ;
-fun HoofedMammal_Class : SubClass HoofedMammal Mammal ;
-
--- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
--- is positioned width_wise with respect to another Object.
-fun Horizontal  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- In Animals, a chemical secreted by an 
--- endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. 
--- Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or 
--- control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, 
--- are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as 
--- chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as 
--- growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad 
--- categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
-fun Hormone  : Class ;
-fun Hormone_Class : SubClass Hormone (both BiologicallyActiveSubstance BodySubstance) ;
-
-
--- A power measure that is equal to 746 Watts.
-fun Horsepower  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of all clock Hours.
-fun Hour  : Class ;
-fun Hour_Class : SubClass Hour TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.
-fun HourDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
--- a subclass of Days to the Hours within each Day corresponding to that 
--- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (HourFn 12 Thursday) is the Class of all 
--- instances of noon Thursday. For another example, (HourFn 0 Day) would return 
--- the class of all instances of midnight. For still another example, (HourFn 14 
--- (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912)))) denotes 2 PM on the 18th day of 
--- August 1912.
-fun HourFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Day -> Desc Hour ;
-
-
--- A ResidentialBuilding which is intended to be 
--- inhabited by members of the same SocialUnit. Houses are distinguished 
--- from temporary housing like hotels and multi_family dwellings like condominium 
--- and apartment buildings.
-fun House  : Class ;
-fun House_Class : SubClass House (both ResidentialBuilding SingleFamilyResidence) ;
-
-
--- Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo 
--- genus.
-fun Human  : Class ;
-fun Human_Class : SubClass Human (both CognitiveAgent Hominid) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Languages used by 
--- Humans.
-fun HumanLanguage  : Class ;
-fun HumanLanguage_Class : SubClass HumanLanguage Language ;
-
--- Hunting is the class of Processes in which 
--- an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed.
-fun Hunting  : Class ;
-fun Hunting_Class : SubClass Hunting Pursuing ;
-
--- This is the subclass of ContentBearingPhysical 
--- which are not part of a Language and which have some sort of similarity 
--- with the Objects that they represent. This Class would include symbolic 
--- roadway signs, representational art works, photographs, etc.
-fun Icon  : Class ;
-fun Icon_Class : SubClass Icon ContentBearingPhysical ;
-
--- The Attribute of Regions that are 
--- illuminated to some degree, i.e. in which some shapes are visually 
--- discernable.
-fun Illuminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
-
-
--- Any Number that is the result of 
--- multiplying a RealNumber by the square root of _1.
-fun ImaginaryNumber  : Class ;
-fun ImaginaryNumber_Class : SubClass ImaginaryNumber Number ;
-
--- (ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER) returns 
--- the part of ?NUMBER that has the square root of _1 as its factor.
-fun ImaginaryPartFn  : El ComplexNumber -> Ind ImaginaryNumber ;
-
-
--- (ImmediateFamilyFn ?PERSON) denotes the 
--- immediate family of ?PERSON, i.e. the Group consisting of the parents of 
--- ?PERSON and anyone of whom ?PERSON is a parent.
-fun ImmediateFamilyFn  : El Human -> Ind FamilyGroup ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
--- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
--- immediately follows the TimePosition.
-fun ImmediateFutureFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
--- TimePosition to a short, indeterminate TimeInterval that 
--- immediately precedes the TimePosition.
-fun ImmediatePastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- Any Touching where something comes into 
--- sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples 
--- would be striking, knocking, whipping etc.
-fun Impacting  : Class ;
-fun Impacting_Class : SubClass Impacting Touching ;
-
--- The subclass of Transfer where the patient 
--- travels through space by means of a sudden, forceful event. Some examples 
--- would be shooting, throwing, tossing, etc.
-fun Impelling  : Class ;
-fun Impelling_Class : SubClass Impelling Transfer ;
-
--- English length unit of inches.
-fun Inch  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- InchMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
--- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of 
--- inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the 
--- surrounding air pressure.
-fun InchMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
-
-
--- Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity 
--- is increased.
-fun Increasing  : Class ;
-fun Increasing_Class : SubClass Increasing QuantityChange ;
-
--- An Argument which is inductive, i.e. it is 
--- claimed that a set of specific cases makes the conclusion, which generalizes 
--- these cases, more likely to be true.
-fun InductiveArgument  : Class ;
-fun InductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InductiveArgument Argument ;
-
--- Measures of the amount of information. 
--- Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and 
--- MegaByte.
-fun InformationMeasure  : Class ;
-fun InformationMeasure_Class : SubClass InformationMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- The Process by which Food is 
--- taken into an Animal.
-fun Ingesting  : Class ;
-fun Ingesting_Class : SubClass Ingesting OrganismProcess ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
--- GraphArc to the initial node of the GraphArc. Note
--- that this is a partial function. In particular, the function is 
--- undefined for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
-fun InitialNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
-
-
--- Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an 
--- Animal or a Human with a syringe.
-fun Injecting  : Class ;
-fun Injecting_Class : SubClass Injecting Inserting ;
-
--- The process of creating a traumatic wound or 
--- injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function 
--- of the organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.
-fun Injuring  : Class ;
-fun Injuring_Class : SubClass Injuring PathologicProcess ;
-fun Injuring_Damaging  : SubClassC Injuring Damaging (\INJ -> exists Organism (\ORGANISM -> patient(var Damaging Process ? INJ)(var Organism Entity ? ORGANISM)));
-
-
--- A Class of small Arthropods that are 
--- air_breathing and that are distinguished by appearance.
-fun Insect  : Class ;
-fun Insect_Class : SubClass Insect Arthropod ;
-
--- Putting one thing inside of another thing.
-fun Inserting  : Class ;
-fun Inserting_Class : SubClass Inserting Putting ;
-
--- A negative or nonnegative whole number.
-fun Integer  : Class ;
-fun Integer_Class : SubClass Integer RationalNumber ;
-
--- (IntegerSquareRootFn ?NUMBER) 
--- returns the integer square root of ?NUMBER.
-fun IntegerSquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
-
-
--- A Process that has a specific 
--- purpose for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.
-fun IntentionalProcess  : Class ;
-fun IntentionalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalProcess Process ;
-
--- An IntentionalProcess that 
--- can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus, 
--- for example, Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, 
--- because one can reason simply by exercising one's mind/brain. On the other 
--- hand, RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess,
--- because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses 
--- of BodyMotion.
-fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
-fun IntentionalPsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass IntentionalPsychologicalProcess (both IntentionalProcess PsychologicalProcess) ;
-
-
--- Any Attribute of an Entity that is an 
--- internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, 
--- etc.
-fun InternalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun InternalAttribute_Class : SubClass InternalAttribute Attribute ;
-
--- Processes which involve altering an internal 
--- property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its 
--- structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include 
--- changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in 
--- spatial or temporal location.
-fun InternalChange  : Class ;
-fun InternalChange_Class : SubClass InternalChange Process ;
-
--- Any Process of assigning a Proposition to 
--- a Text, i.e. understanding the Text.
-fun Interpreting  : Class ;
-fun Interpreting_Class : SubClass Interpreting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
--- SetOrClasses to the intersection of these SetOrClasses. An object is 
--- an instance of the intersection of two SetOrClasses just in case it is 
--- an instance of both of those SetOrClasses.
-fun IntersectionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that
--- maps two instances of ConstantQuantity to the subclass of
--- ConstantQuantity that comprises the interval from the first
--- ConstantQuantity to the second ConstantQuantity. For
--- example, (IntervalFn (MeasureFn 8 Meter) (MeasureFn 14 Meter)) 
--- would return the subclass of ConstantQuantity comprising quantities 
--- between 8 and 14 meters in length.
-fun IntervalFn : El ConstantQuantity -> El ConstantQuantity -> Desc ConstantQuantity ;
-
-
--- DeductiveArguments that are not 
--- ValidDeductiveArguments, i.e. it is not the case that the set of premises 
--- in fact entails the conclusion.
-fun InvalidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
-fun InvalidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass InvalidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
-
--- An Animal which has no spinal column.
-fun Invertebrate  : Class ;
-fun Invertebrate_Class : SubClass Invertebrate Animal ;
-
--- The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted 
--- by a Formula).
-fun Investigating  : Class ;
-fun Investigating_Class : SubClass Investigating IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- Any RealNumber that is not also a 
--- RationalNumber.
-fun IrrationalNumber  : Class ;
-fun IrrationalNumber_Class : SubClass IrrationalNumber RealNumber ;
-
--- A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea.
-fun Island  : Class ;
-fun Island_Class : SubClass Island LandArea ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are January.
-fun January  : Class ;
-fun January_Class : SubClass January Month ;
-
--- The OrganizationalProcess of 
--- becoming a member of an Organization.
-fun JoiningAnOrganization  : Class ;
-fun JoiningAnOrganization_Class : SubClass JoiningAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
-
--- SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work 
--- done when the point of application of 1 Newton is displaced a distance 
--- of 1 Meter in the direction of the force. Joule = N*m = 
--- m^2*kg*s^(_2).
-fun Joule  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts 
--- for one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to 
--- him/her.
-fun Judging  : Class ;
-fun Judging_Class : SubClass Judging Selecting ;
-
--- JudicialOrganization is the class 
--- of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according 
--- to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. 
--- Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, 
--- those associated with sporting associations.
-fun JudicialOrganization  : Class ;
-fun JudicialOrganization_Class : SubClass JudicialOrganization Organization ;
-
--- Any legal proceeding which is conducted 
--- by a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference 
--- between the concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former 
--- refers to legal claims that are brought by a plaintiff, e.g. law suits, 
--- while the second refers to trials and other sorts of judicial hearings 
--- where the merits of a LegalAction are decided.
-fun JudicialProcess  : Class ;
-fun JudicialProcess_PoliticalProcess  : SubClassC JudicialProcess PoliticalProcess (\PROCESS -> forall Organization (\ORG -> agent(var PoliticalProcess Process ? PROCESS)(var Organization Agent ? ORG)));
-
-
--- The Class of all Months which are July.
-fun July  : Class ;
-fun July_Class : SubClass July Month ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are June.
-fun June  : Class ;
-fun June_Class : SubClass June Month ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where the agent 
--- keeps something in a particular location for an extended period of time.
-fun Keeping  : Class ;
-fun Keeping_Class : SubClass Keeping IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- SI UnitOfMeasure used
--- with MeasureFn to produce terms denoting instances of
--- TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in
--- SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the
--- Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be
--- 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes
--- of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the
--- conversion constant is 273.15.
-fun KelvinDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Destruction in which the 
--- death of an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases 
--- of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases.
-fun Killing  : Class ;
-fun Killing_Class : SubClass Killing Destruction ;
-
--- One KiloByte (KB) of information. One 
--- KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is 
--- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
-fun KiloByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
--- For example, (KiloFn Gram) is 1,000 Grams.
-fun KiloFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- Supermultiple of Gramm. Symbol: kg. 1 Kilogram
--- = 1000 Grams.
-fun Kilogram  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- Supermultiple of Meter. Symbol: km. A
--- Meter is the 1000th part of a Kilometer
-fun Kilometer  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- An area which is predominantly solid ground, 
--- e.g. a Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a LandArea may 
--- contain some relatively small WaterAreas. For example, Australia is 
--- a LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes.
-fun LandArea  : Class ;
-fun LandArea_Class : SubClass LandArea GeographicArea ;
-
--- LandTransitway is the subclass of 
--- Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.
-fun LandTransitway  : Class ;
-fun LandTransitway_Class : SubClass LandTransitway (both LandArea Transitway) ;
-
-
--- A system of signs for expressing thought. The 
--- system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges 
--- gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created 
--- by a person or group of people.
-fun Language  : Class ;
-fun Language_Class : SubClass Language LinguisticExpression ;
-
--- Form of most Invertebrates, Amphibians, and 
--- Fish immediately after they hatch. This form is fundamentally unlike 
--- the adult form, and metamorphosis is required to reach the latter form.
-fun Larval  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
--- required by a government or a branch of the government and that are enforced 
--- with penalties for noncompliance. These Propositions may be codified as 
--- legislation or they may be more informal, as in the case of government policy.
-fun Law  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of all leap years. These are years 
--- which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly 
--- divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century).
-fun LeapYear  : Class ;
-fun LeapYear_Class : SubClass LeapYear Year ;
-
--- The Class of Processes which relate to the 
--- acquisition of information.
-fun Learning  : Class ;
-fun Learning_Class : SubClass Learning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- (LeastCommonMultipleFn 
--- ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ... ?NUMBER) returns the least common multiple of 
--- ?NUMBER1 through ?NUMBER.
-fun LeastCommonMultipleFn  : [El Integer] -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- The OrganizationalProcess of 
--- leaving an Organization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.
-fun LeavingAnOrganization  : Class ;
-fun LeavingAnOrganization_Class : SubClass LeavingAnOrganization OrganizationalProcess ;
-
--- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
--- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left, so that, 
--- if one object is to the left of another, then the projections of the 
--- two objects overlap.
-fun Left  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks 
--- to obtain something through a court of law.
-fun LegalAction  : Class ;
-fun LegalAction_Class : SubClass LegalAction Contest ;
-
--- A decision issued by a court with respect to 
--- a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a 
--- decision of a court, it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits 
--- of a particular LegalAction.
-fun LegalDecision  : Class ;
-fun LegalDecision_Class : SubClass LegalDecision (both Declaring JudicialProcess) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Giving Processes where 
--- the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of 
--- time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with 
--- interest).
-fun Lending  : Class ;
-fun Lending_Class : SubClass Lending Giving ;
-
--- A subclass of
--- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of length.
-fun LengthMeasure  : Class ;
-fun LengthMeasure_Class : SubClass LengthMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- The ProbabilityAttribute of being probable, i.e. more 
--- likely than not to be True.
-fun Likely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
-
-
--- A Communication that involves 
--- the transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.
-fun LinguisticCommunication  : Class ;
-fun LinguisticCommunication_Class : SubClass LinguisticCommunication Communication ;
-
--- This is the subclass of 
--- ContentBearingPhysical which are language_related. Note that this Class 
--- encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, 
--- e.g. Words.
-fun LinguisticExpression  : Class ;
-fun LinguisticExpression_Class : SubClass LinguisticExpression ContentBearingPhysical ;
-
--- An Object has the Attribute of Liquid if 
--- it has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
-fun Liquid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
-
-
--- Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, 
--- viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Liquid and any 
--- component other than Liquid in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles 
--- which are suspended in the Liquid.
-fun LiquidMixture  : Class ;
-fun LiquidMixture_Class : SubClass LiquidMixture Mixture ;
-
--- Any Motion where the patient is a 
--- Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of 
--- Water.
-fun LiquidMotion  : Class ;
-fun LiquidMotion_Class : SubClass LiquidMotion Motion ;
-
--- Every List is a particular ordered n_tuple of 
--- items. Generally speaking, Lists are created by means of the ListFn 
--- Function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a 
--- List with the items in the same order. Anything, including other 
--- Lists, may be an item in a List. Note too that Lists are 
--- extensional _ two lists that have the same items in the same order are 
--- identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case, 
--- the List is the NullList.
-fun List  : Class ;
-
-
--- A Function that returns the concatenation 
--- of the two Lists that are given as arguments. For example, the value of 
--- (ListConcatenateFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday) (ListFn Wednesday 
--- Thursday)) would be (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday).
-fun ListConcatenateFn  : El List -> El List -> Ind List ;
-
-
--- A Function that takes any number of arguments and 
--- returns the List containing those arguments in exactly the same order.
-fun ListFn  : [El Entity] -> Ind List ;
-
-
--- A Function that takes a List as its sole 
--- argument and returns the number of items in the List. For example, 
--- (ListLengthFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the 
--- value 3.
-fun ListLengthFn  : El List -> Ind NonnegativeInteger ;
-
-
--- (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) denotes the item 
--- that is in the ?NUMBER position in the List ?LIST. For example, 
--- (ListOrderFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) 2) would return the 
--- value Tuesday.
-fun ListOrderFn  : El List -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind Entity ;
-
-
--- Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.
-fun Listening  : Class ;
-fun Listening_Class : SubClass Listening (both Hearing IntentionalProcess) ;
-
-
--- Unit of volume in the metric
--- system. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic
--- decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: l.
-fun Liter  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- This Attribute applies to Organisms that are 
--- alive.
-fun Living  : Ind AnimacyAttribute ;
-
-
--- (LogFn ?NUMBER ?INT) returns the logarithm of the 
--- RealNumber ?NUMBER in the base denoted by the Integer ?INT.
-fun LogFn  : El RealNumber -> El PositiveInteger -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- This Class comprises all 
--- of the logical operators (viz. 'and', 'or', 'not', '=>', and '<=>').
-fun LogicalOperator  : Class ;
-
-
--- Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.
-fun Looking  : Class ;
-fun Looking_Class : SubClass Looking (both IntentionalProcess Seeing) ;
-
-
--- SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the 
--- amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 Steradian from a 
--- uniform point source having an intensity of one Candela. Lumen = 
--- cd*sr = cd * 1.
-fun Lumen  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the 
--- amount of illumination provided when one Lumen is evenly distributed 
--- over an area of 1 square Meter. This is also equivalent to the 
--- illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one 
--- Meter from a point source of one Candela. Lux = lm/m^2 = 
--- m^(_2)*cd.
-fun Lux  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Machines are Devices that that have a 
--- well_defined resource and result and that automatically convert 
--- the resource into the result.
-fun Machine  : Class ;
-fun Machine_Class : SubClass Machine Device ;
-
--- The magnitude of a PhysicalQuantity is the 
--- numeric value for the quantity. In other words, MagnitudeFn converts 
--- a PhysicalQuantity with an associated UnitOfMeasure into an ordinary 
--- RealNumber. For example, the magnitude of the ConstantQuantity 2 
--- Kilometers is the RealNumber 2. Note that the magnitude of a 
--- quantity in a given unit times that unit is equal to the original 
--- quantity.
-fun MagnitudeFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where the agent 
--- cares for or maintains the Object.
-fun Maintaining  : Class ;
-fun Maintaining_Class : SubClass Maintaining IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- The subclass of Creation in which an individual 
--- Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.
-fun Making  : Class ;
-fun Making_Class : SubClass Making (both Creation IntentionalProcess) ;
-
-
--- An Attribute indicating that an Organism is 
--- male in nature.
-fun Male  : Ind SexAttribute ;
-
-
--- A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature 
--- and characterized by the presence of hair, mammary glands, and sweat 
--- glands.
-fun Mammal  : Class ;
-fun Mammal_Class : SubClass Mammal WarmBloodedVertebrate ;
-
--- The class of Male Humans.
-fun Man  : Class ;
-fun Man_Class : SubClass Man Human ;
-
--- OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing 
--- the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
--- and its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship between 
--- the manager and the managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which 
--- the activities of the regulated are referred.
-fun Managing  : Class ;
-fun Managing_Class : SubClass Managing (both Guiding OrganizationalProcess) ;
-
-
--- An intentional move or play within a Contest. 
--- In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for 
--- winning the Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi_arbitrary 
--- division of the overarching Contest, e.g. innings in a baseball game.
-fun Maneuver  : Class ;
-fun Maneuver_Class : SubClass Maneuver IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- A ManualHumanLanguage is a
--- HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement, such 
--- as the shape, position, and movement of the hands.
-fun ManualHumanLanguage  : Class ;
-fun ManualHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass ManualHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
-
--- The Making of Artifacts on a mass 
--- scale.
-fun Manufacture  : Class ;
-fun Manufacture_Class : SubClass Manufacture Making ;
-
--- Any Corporation which manufactures Products.
-fun Manufacturer  : Class ;
-fun Manufacturer_Class : SubClass Manufacturer Corporation ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are March.
-fun March  : Class ;
-fun March_Class : SubClass March Month ;
-
--- The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for 
--- their young.
-fun Marsupial  : Class ;
-fun Marsupial_Class : SubClass Marsupial Mammal ;
-
--- A subclass of
--- ConstantQuantity, instances of which are measures of the amount of
--- matter in an Object.
-fun MassMeasure  : Class ;
-fun MassMeasure_Class : SubClass MassMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- The OrganizationalProcess of joining an 
--- EducationalOrganization as a student.
-fun Matriculation  : Class ;
-fun Matriculation_Class : SubClass Matriculation JoiningAnOrganization ;
-
--- (MaxFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the largest of 
--- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
--- MaxFn returns one of its arguments.
-fun MaxFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
--- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the largest sum of weighted arcs 
--- between the two GraphNodes.
-fun MaximalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
-
-
--- The Class of all Months which are May.
-fun May  : Class ;
-fun May_Class : SubClass May Month ;
-
--- This BinaryFunction maps a
--- RealNumber and a UnitOfMeasure to that Number of units. It is
--- used to express `measured' instances of PhysicalQuantity. Example:
--- the concept of three meters is represented as (MeasureFn 3
--- Meter).
-fun MeasureFn  : El RealNumber -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind PhysicalQuantity ;
-
-
--- The Class of Calculating Processes where 
--- the aim is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.
-fun Measuring  : Class ;
-fun Measuring_Class : SubClass Measuring Calculating ;
-
--- Any Device whose purpose is to measure a 
--- PhysicalQuantity.
-fun MeasuringDevice  : Class ;
-fun MeasuringDevice_Class : SubClass MeasuringDevice Device ;
-
--- Any Food which was originally part of an 
--- Animal and is not ingested by drinking, including eggs and animal 
--- blood that is eaten as food. Note that this class covers both raw 
--- meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. 
--- Note too that preparations involving Meat and FruitOrVegetable 
--- are classed directly under Food.
-fun Meat  : Class ;
-fun Meat_Class : SubClass Meat Food ;
-
--- The coming together of two or more 
--- CognitiveAgents for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal 
--- meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board 
--- of directors meeting.
-fun Meeting  : Class ;
-fun Meeting_Class : SubClass Meeting SocialInteraction ;
-
--- One MegaByte (MB) of information. One 
--- MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is 
--- different from the one accepted in the SI system.
-fun MegaByte  : Ind UnitOfInformation ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000 units of the original 
--- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MegaFn Hertz) is 1,000,000 Hertz.
-fun MegaFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where an Object is 
--- heated and converted from a Solid to a Liquid.
-fun Melting  : Class ;
-fun Melting_Class : SubClass Melting StateChange ;
-
--- Any Corporation which sells 
--- goods or services to customers for a profit.
-fun MercantileOrganization  : Class ;
-fun MercantileOrganization_Class : SubClass MercantileOrganization Corporation ;
-
--- (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 
--- ?OBJ2) denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to ?OBJ1 
--- and not to ?OBJ2.
-fun MereologicalDifferenceFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
-
-
--- (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
--- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to both ?OBJ1 
--- and ?OBJ2.
-fun MereologicalProductFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
-
-
--- (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
--- denotes the Object consisting of the parts which belong to either 
--- ?OBJ1 or ?OBJ2.
-fun MereologicalSumFn  : El Object -> El Object -> Ind Object ;
-
-
--- A Metal is an ElementalSubstance that conducts heat 
--- and electricity, is shiny and reflects many colors of light, and can be hammered 
--- into sheets or drawn into wire. About 80% of the known chemical elements 
--- (ElementalSubstances) are metals.
-fun Metal  : Class ;
-fun Metal_Class : SubClass Metal ElementalSubstance ;
-
--- SI UnitOfLength. Symbol: m. It is one of the
--- base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter 
--- is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time 
--- interval of 1/299792458 of a SecondDuration.
-fun Meter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
--- For example, (MicroFn Meter) is .000001 Meters.
-fun MicroFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- An Organism that can be seen only with 
--- the aid of a microscope.
-fun Microorganism  : Class ;
-fun Microorganism_Class : SubClass Microorganism Organism ;
-
--- English length unit of miles.
-fun Mile  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- MilitaryForce is the subclass of 
--- Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the 
--- purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not 
--- the force is an official GovernmentOrganization.
-fun MilitaryForce  : Class ;
-fun MilitaryForce_Class : SubClass MilitaryForce PoliticalOrganization ;
-
--- Any heavily armed Organization 
--- that is part of a Government and that is charged with representing the 
--- Government in international conflicts.
-fun MilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
-fun MilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass MilitaryOrganization (both GovernmentOrganization MilitaryForce) ;
-
-
--- Any Process that is carried out by a 
--- military organization. Note that this class covers Processes, e.g. 
--- military operations, that are the result of careful planning, as well as 
--- those which are unscripted.
-fun MilitaryProcess  : Class ;
-fun MilitaryProcess_Class : SubClass MilitaryProcess PoliticalProcess ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .001 units of the original UnitOfMeasure. 
--- For example, (MilliFn Gram) is .001 Grams.
-fun MilliFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: mm. A millimeter
--- is the 1000th part of a meter
-fun Millimeter  : Ind UnitOfLength ;
-
-
--- (MinFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the smallest of 
--- ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2. In cases where ?NUMBER1 is equal to ?NUMBER2, 
--- MinFn returns one of its arguments.
-fun MinFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous 
--- substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or 
--- synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form 
--- and properties of a naturally occurring mineral.
-fun Mineral  : Class ;
-fun Mineral_Class : SubClass Mineral Substance ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that assigns a Graph 
--- the Class of GraphPaths which comprise cutsets for the Graph and 
--- which have the least number of GraphArcs.
-fun MinimalCutSetFn : El Graph -> Desc GraphPath ;
-
-
--- This BinaryFunction assigns two 
--- GraphNodes to the GraphPath with the smallest sum of weighted arcs 
--- between the two GraphNodes.
-fun MinimalWeightedPathFn  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> Ind GraphPath ;
-
-
--- The Class of all clock Minutes.
-fun Minute  : Class ;
-fun Minute_Class : SubClass Minute TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.
-fun MinuteDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and 
--- a subclass of Hours to the Minutes within each Hour corresponding to that 
--- NonnegativeInteger. For example, (MinuteFn 30 (HourFn 17 Day)) is the Class 
--- of all 5:30's in the afternoon. For another example, (MinuteFn 15 Hour) would return 
--- the class of all instances of quarter past the hour. For still another example, 
--- (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn August (YearFn 1912))))) denotes 
--- 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.
-fun MinuteFn : El NonnegativeInteger -> Desc Hour -> Desc Minute ;
-
-
--- A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances, 
--- combined in varying proportions _ each retaining its own specific properties. 
--- The components of a Mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without 
--- the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly 
--- dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete.
-fun Mixture  : Class ;
-fun Mixture_Class : SubClass Mixture Substance ;
-
--- MmMercury is a UnitOfMeasure 
--- for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number 
--- of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer
---  by the surrounding air pressure.
-fun MmMercury  : Ind UnitOfAtmosphericPressure ;
-
-
--- SI amount of substance
--- unit. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as
--- follows: the Mole is the amount of substance of a system which
--- contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012
--- Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this UnitOfMeasure is
--- used, the elementary entities must be specified _ they may be atoms,
--- molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles.
-fun Mole  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- A molecule is the smallest unit of matter of a 
--- CompoundSubstance that retains all the physical and chemical properties 
--- of that substance, e.g., Ne, H2, H2O. A molecule is two or more Atoms 
--- linked by a chemical bond.
-fun Molecule  : Class ;
-fun Molecule_Class : SubClass Molecule CompoundSubstance ;
-
--- Soft_bodied Invertebrate that is usually 
--- contained in a shell. Includes oysters, clams, mussels, snails, slugs, 
--- octopi, and squid.
-fun Mollusk  : Class ;
-fun Mollusk_Class : SubClass Mollusk Invertebrate ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Mondays.
-fun Monday  : Class ;
-fun Monday_Class : SubClass Monday Day ;
-
--- Various Primates with relatively long 
--- tails.
-fun Monkey  : Class ;
-fun Monkey_Class : SubClass Monkey Primate ;
-
--- An Object with this Attribute has 
--- the same color on every part of its surface.
-fun Monochromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of all calendar Months.
-fun Month  : Class ;
-fun Month_Class : SubClass Month TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. A month's duration is at least
--- 28 days, and no more than 31 days. Note that this unit is a range, rather
--- than an exact amount, unlike most other units.
-fun MonthDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of Month and a 
--- subclass of Year to the class containing the Months corresponding to thos Years. 
--- For example (MonthFn January (YearFn 1912)) is the class containing the eighth 
--- Month, i.e. August, of the Year 1912. For another example, (MonthFn August 
--- Year) is equal to August, the class of all months of August. Note that this function 
--- returns a Class as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. 
--- DayFn, HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
--- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
--- these functions classes rather than individuals.
-fun MonthFn : Desc Month -> Desc Year -> Desc Month ;
-
-
--- Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided 
--- and which expresses a meaning.
-fun Morpheme  : Class ;
-fun Morpheme_Class : SubClass Morpheme LinguisticExpression ;
-
--- A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little 
--- if any vascular tissue.
-fun Moss  : Class ;
-fun Moss_Class : SubClass Moss NonFloweringPlant ;
-
--- Any Process of movement.
-fun Motion  : Class ;
-fun Motion_Class : SubClass Motion Process ;
-
--- Motion where an Object is moving toward the 
--- ground.
-fun MotionDownward  : Class ;
-fun MotionDownward_Class : SubClass MotionDownward Motion ;
-
--- A ContentBearingObject which depicts motion 
--- (and which may have an audio or text component as well). This Class covers 
--- films, videos, etc.
-fun MotionPicture  : Class ;
-fun MotionPicture_Class : SubClass MotionPicture Text ;
-
--- Motion where an Object is moving away 
--- from the ground.
-fun MotionUpward  : Class ;
-fun MotionUpward_Class : SubClass MotionUpward Motion ;
-
--- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
--- Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
-fun MountainTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
-
-
--- The Class of multigraphs. A multigraph 
--- is a Graph containing at least one pair of GraphNodes that are 
--- connected by more than one GraphArc.
-fun MultiGraph  : Class ;
-fun MultiGraph_Class : SubClass MultiGraph Graph ;
-
--- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
--- then (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical product 
--- of these numbers.
-fun MultiplicationFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and 
--- composed largely of contractile cells.
-fun Muscle  : Class ;
-fun Muscle_Class : SubClass Muscle (both AnimalSubstance Tissue) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of RadiatingSound where the 
--- sound is intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately.
-fun Music  : Class ;
-fun Music_Class : SubClass Music RadiatingSound ;
-
--- A Device which is manipulated by a Human 
--- and whose purpose is to produce Music.
-fun MusicalInstrument  : Class ;
-fun MusicalInstrument_Class : SubClass MusicalInstrument Device ;
-
--- A SetOrClass is a MutuallyDisjointClass 
--- just in case there exists nothing which is an instance of all of the instances of 
--- the original SetOrClass.
-fun MutuallyDisjointClass  : Class ;
-fun MutuallyDisjointClass_Class : SubClass MutuallyDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
-
--- A Class of Arthropods that includes 
--- centipedes and millipedes.
-fun Myriapod  : Class ;
-fun Myriapod_Class : SubClass Myriapod Arthropod ;
-
--- A Promise where nothing is promised in return, 
--- i.e. a nudum pactum.
-fun NakedPromise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Process of assigning a name to someone or something.
-fun Naming  : Class ;
-fun Naming_Class : SubClass Naming Declaring ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000001 units of the original 
--- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (MicroFn SecondDuration) is .000000001 
--- SecondDurations.
-fun NanoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- The broadest GeopoliticalArea, i.e. Nations are 
--- GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and 
--- comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts 
--- of loose international organizations).
-fun Nation  : Class ;
-fun Nation_Class : SubClass Nation (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of HumanLanguages which 
--- are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This 
--- Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, 
--- Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural 
--- languages.
-fun NaturalLanguage  : Class ;
-fun NaturalLanguage_Class : SubClass NaturalLanguage HumanLanguage ;
-
--- A Process that take place in nature
--- spontanously.
-fun NaturalProcess  : Class ;
-fun NaturalProcess_Class : SubClass NaturalProcess Process ;
-
--- Any Substance that is not the result of 
--- an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.
-fun NaturalSubstance  : Class ;
-fun NaturalSubstance_Class : SubClass NaturalSubstance Substance ;
-
--- The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if 
--- an object is Near another object, then the objects are not connected.
-fun Near  : Ind SymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
--- necessary, i.e. true in every possible world.
-fun Necessity  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
-
-
--- The TimePoint that is before 
--- all other TimePoints.
-fun NegativeInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
-
-
--- An Integer that is less than zero.
-fun NegativeInteger  : Class ;
-fun NegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NegativeInteger (both Integer NegativeRealNumber) ;
-
-
--- A RealNumber that is less than 
--- zero.
-fun NegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
-fun NegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NegativeRealNumber RealNumber (\NUMBER -> lessThan(var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
-
-
--- A system in Vertebrates that is made up of 
--- the Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc.
-fun NervousSystem  : Class ;
-fun NervousSystem_Class : SubClass NervousSystem (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
-
-
--- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have no 
--- charge.
-fun Neutron  : Class ;
-fun Neutron_Class : SubClass Neutron SubatomicParticle ;
-
--- SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force 
--- which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 Meter per 
--- SecondDuration. Newton = m*kg*s^(_2).
-fun Newton  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Instances of
--- this Class are UnitsOfMeasure that are applied to a single
--- dimension, and so are not intrinsically defined by the functional
--- composition of other units.
-fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
-fun NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure UnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- A Plant that reproduces with spores and 
--- does not produce flowers.
-fun NonFloweringPlant  : Class ;
-fun NonFloweringPlant_Class : SubClass NonFloweringPlant Plant ;
-
--- The stage of an Organism before it is 
--- FullyFormed.
-fun NonFullyFormed  : Ind DevelopmentalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Any SetOrClass that contains at least one 
--- instance.
-fun NonNullSet  : Class ;
-fun NonNullSet_Class : SubClass NonNullSet SetOrClass ;
-
--- An Integer that is greater than 
--- or equal to zero.
-fun NonnegativeInteger  : Class ;
-fun NonnegativeInteger_Class : SubClass NonnegativeInteger (both Integer NonnegativeRealNumber) ;
-
-
--- A RealNumber that is greater than 
--- or equal to zero.
-fun NonnegativeRealNumber  : Class ;
-fun NonnegativeRealNumber_RealNumber  : SubClassC NonnegativeRealNumber RealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThanOrEqualTo(var RealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
-
-
--- A Class containing all of the 
--- Attributes that are specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, 
--- etiquette, etc. Many of these attributes express a judgement that 
--- something ought or ought not to be the case.
-fun NormativeAttribute  : Class ;
-fun NormativeAttribute_Class : SubClass NormativeAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- The compass direction of North.
-fun North  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
--- that conventionally denote Objects.
-fun Noun  : Class ;
-fun Noun_Class : SubClass Noun Word ;
-
--- A Phrase that has the same function as a 
--- Noun.
-fun NounPhrase  : Class ;
-fun NounPhrase_Class : SubClass NounPhrase Phrase ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are November.
-fun November  : Class ;
-fun November_Class : SubClass November Month ;
-
--- The List that has no items. The uniqueness of 
--- NullList follows from the extensionality of Lists, i.e. the fact that 
--- two Lists with the same items in the same order are identical.
-fun NullList  : Ind List ;
-
-
--- Any SetOrClass that contains no instances.
-fun NullSet  : Class ;
-fun NullSet_Class : SubClass NullSet SetOrClass ;
-
--- A measure of how many things there are, or how
--- much there is, of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into 
--- RealNumber, ComplexNumber, and ImaginaryNumber.
-fun Number  : Class ;
-fun Number_Class : SubClass Number Quantity ;
-
--- NumberE is the RealNumber that is the base for 
--- natural logarithms. It is approximately equal to 2.718282.
-fun NumberE  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
-
-
--- (NumeratorFn ?NUMBER) returns the numerator 
--- of the canonical reduced form ?NUMBER.
-fun NumeratorFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. 
--- It is generally ingested as Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role 
--- in the biologic functioning of the Organism.
-fun Nutrient  : Class ;
-fun Nutrient_Class : SubClass Nutrient BiologicallyActiveSubstance ;
-
--- Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary 
--- objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, 
--- and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical 
--- class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal 
--- extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the 
--- time_axis.
-fun Object  : Class ;
-fun Object_Class : SubClass Object Physical ;
-
--- The Class of NormativeAttributes that are 
--- associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is 
--- broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.
-fun ObjectiveNorm  : Class ;
-fun ObjectiveNorm_Class : SubClass ObjectiveNorm NormativeAttribute ;
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
--- Agent is required, by some authority, to make true.
-fun Obligation  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of all Months which are October.
-fun October  : Class ;
-fun October_Class : SubClass October Month ;
-
--- An Integer that is not evenly divisible 
--- by 2.
-fun OddInteger  : Class ;
-fun OddInteger_Class : SubClass OddInteger Integer ;
-
--- The subclass of Committing in which a 
--- CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings 
--- may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a 
--- UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to 
--- effect a Transaction of some sort).
-fun Offering  : Class ;
-fun Offering_Class : SubClass Offering Committing ;
-
--- SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric
--- resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference 
--- of potential of 1 Volt, applied between these two points,
--- produces in this conductor a current of 1 Ampere, this conductor not
--- being the force of any electromotive force. Ohm = V/A = 
--- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_2).
-fun Ohm  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of properties that are 
--- detectable by smell.
-fun OlfactoryAttribute  : Class ;
-fun OlfactoryAttribute_Class : SubClass OlfactoryAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
-
--- This is used to assert that an object is on top of 
--- another object, and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves 
--- contact.
-fun On  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- The class of GeometricFigures that 
--- have position and an extension along a single dimension, viz. straight lines.
-fun OneDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
-fun OneDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OneDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
-
--- The class of TwoDimensionalFigures that 
--- are not ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures.
-fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
-fun OpenTwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass OpenTwoDimensionalFigure TwoDimensionalFigure ;
-
--- A Directing in which the receiver is 
--- commanded to realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders 
--- are injunctions, the disobedience of which involves sanctions, or 
--- which express an obligation upon the part of the orderee.
-fun Ordering  : Class ;
-fun Ordering_Class : SubClass Ordering Directing ;
-
--- A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a 
--- specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily 
--- systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system.
-fun Organ  : Class ;
-fun Organ_Class : SubClass Organ BodyPart ;
-
--- A PhysiologicProcess of a 
--- particular Organ or Tissue.
-fun OrganOrTissueProcess  : Class ;
-fun OrganOrTissueProcess_Class : SubClass OrganOrTissueProcess AutonomicProcess ;
-
--- This class encompasses Organisms, 
--- CorpuscularObjects that are parts of Organisms, i.e. BodyParts, 
--- and CorpuscularObjects that are nonintentionally produced by 
--- Organisms, e.g. ReproductiveBodies.
-fun OrganicObject  : Class ;
-fun OrganicObject_Class : SubClass OrganicObject CorpuscularObject ;
-
--- Generally, a living individual, including all 
--- Plants and Animals.
-fun Organism  : Class ;
-fun Organism_Class : SubClass Organism (both Agent OrganicObject) ;
-
-
--- A physiologic function of the 
--- Organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems or of multiple 
--- Organs or Tissues.
-fun OrganismProcess  : Class ;
-fun OrganismProcess_Class : SubClass OrganismProcess PhysiologicProcess ;
-
--- An Organization is a corporate or similar 
--- institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common 
--- purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, 
--- etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the 
--- accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. 
--- Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence 
--- of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). 
--- Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member 
--- should be assumed.
-fun Organization  : Class ;
-fun Organization_Class : SubClass Organization (both CognitiveAgent Group) ;
-
-
--- An IntentionalProcess that 
--- involves an Organization.
-fun OrganizationalProcess  : Class ;
-fun OrganizationalProcess_Class : SubClass OrganizationalProcess IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a 
--- Cup.
-fun Ounce  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- The class of ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures that are 
--- produced by the intersection of a Cone with a ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure.
-fun Oval  : Class ;
-fun Oval_Class : SubClass Oval ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure ;
-
--- A TimeZone that covers much of the 
--- western part of the United States.
-fun PacificTimeZone  : Ind TimeZone ;
-
-
--- A SetOrClass is a PairwiseDisjointClass 
--- just in case every instance of the SetOrClass is either equal to or disjoint 
--- from every other instance of the SetOrClass.
-fun PairwiseDisjointClass  : Class ;
-fun PairwiseDisjointClass_Class : SubClass PairwiseDisjointClass SetOrClass ;
-
--- An Organization which is much like 
--- a MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it 
--- is not associated with a Government.
-fun ParamilitaryOrganization  : Class ;
-fun ParamilitaryOrganization_Class : SubClass ParamilitaryOrganization MilitaryForce ;
-
--- An umbrella Class for any Word that does not 
--- fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small 
--- term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 
--- 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the 
--- subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord 
--- includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', 
--- etc.
-fun ParticleWord  : Class ;
-fun ParticleWord_Class : SubClass ParticleWord Word ;
-
--- SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the 
--- pressure of one Newton per square Meter. Pascal = N/m^2 
--- = m^(_1)*kg*s^(_2).
-fun Pascal  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition 
--- to the TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at 
--- NegativeInfinity.
-fun PastFn  : El TimePosition -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- A Certificate that expresses the content of an 
--- invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental 
--- entity.
-fun Patent  : Class ;
-fun Patent_Class : SubClass Patent Certificate ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
--- GraphPath to the sum of the arcWeights on the GraphArcs in 
--- the GraphPath.
-fun PathWeightFn  : El GraphPath -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- A disordered process, activity, or 
--- state of the Organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of 
--- multiple Organs or Tissues. Included here are normal responses to a 
--- negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are 
--- less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have 
--- systemic effects.
-fun PathologicProcess  : Class ;
-fun PathologicProcess_Class : SubClass PathologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
-
--- PerFn maps two instances of PhysicalQuantity to 
--- the FunctionQuantity composed of these two instances. For example, 
--- (PerFn (MeasureFn 2 (MicroFn Gram)) (MeasureFn 1 (KiloFn 
--- Gram))) denotes the FunctionQuantity of 2 micrograms per kiogram. 
--- This function is useful, because it allows the knowledge engineer to 
--- dynamically generate instances of FunctionQuantity.
-fun PerFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
-
-
--- Sensing some aspect of the material world. 
--- Note that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal.
-fun Perception  : Class ;
-fun Perception_Class : SubClass Perception PsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- Any Attribute whose presence is detected 
--- by an act of Perception.
-fun PerceptualAttribute  : Class ;
-fun PerceptualAttribute_Class : SubClass PerceptualAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- A Series whose elements are published separately 
--- and on a periodic basis.
-fun Periodical  : Class ;
-fun Periodical_Class : SubClass Periodical Series ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps a subclass of 
--- Periodical and a number to all of the issues of the Periodical corresponding 
--- to the number.
-fun PeriodicalIssueFn : Desc Periodical -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Periodical ;
-
-
--- A Residence where people live, i.e. 
--- where people have a home.
-fun PermanentResidence  : Class ;
-fun PermanentResidence_Class : SubClass PermanentResidence Residence ;
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that an 
--- Agent is permitted, by some authority, to make true.
-fun Permission  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- A set of Words in a Language which form a unit, 
--- i.e. express a meaning in the Language.
-fun Phrase  : Class ;
-fun Phrase_Class : SubClass Phrase LinguisticExpression ;
-
--- An entity that has a location in space_time. 
--- Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in 
--- space_time.
-fun Physical  : Class ;
-fun Physical_Class : SubClass Physical Entity ;
-
--- An InternalAttribute given by physical
--- properties of the object.
-fun PhysicalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun PhysicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PhysicalAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of 
--- some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's 
--- diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable 
--- solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial 
--- coordinates). Every PhysicalQuantity is either a ConstantQuantity
--- or FunctionQuantity. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent 
--- on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are 
--- Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances 
--- of ConstantQuantity (e.g., a TimeDependentQuantity is a
--- FunctionQuantity). Although the name and definition of 
--- PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, a PhysicalQuantity need 
--- not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, 
--- etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. 
--- Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. 
--- A PhysicalQuantity is distinguished from a pure Number by the fact that 
--- the former is associated with a dimension of measurement.
-fun PhysicalQuantity  : Class ;
-fun PhysicalQuantity_Class : SubClass PhysicalQuantity Quantity ;
-
--- The physical state of an Object. There 
--- are three reified instances of this Class: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. 
--- Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one 
--- substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical 
--- states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a 
--- substance still called iron.
-fun PhysicalState  : Class ;
-fun PhysicalState_Class : SubClass PhysicalState InternalAttribute ;
-
--- PhysicalSystem is the class of complex 
--- Physical things. A PhysicalSystem may have one or more 
--- corresponding abstract Graph representations.
-fun PhysicalSystem  : Class ;
-fun PhysicalSystem_Class : SubClass PhysicalSystem Physical ;
-
--- A normal process of an Organism 
--- or part of an Organism.
-fun PhysiologicProcess  : Class ;
-fun PhysiologicProcess_Class : SubClass PhysiologicProcess BiologicalProcess ;
-
--- Pi is the RealNumber that 
--- is the ratio of the perimeter of a circle to its diameter. It is 
--- approximately equal to 3.141592653589793.
-fun Pi  : Ind PositiveRealNumber ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure into 
--- a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to .000000000001 units of the original 
--- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (PicoFn SecondDuration) is .000000000001 
--- SecondDurations.
-fun PicoFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a 
--- Quart.
-fun Pint  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- A specification of a sequence of Processes which 
--- is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.
-fun Plan  : Class ;
-fun Plan_Class : SubClass Plan Procedure ;
-
--- The value of an angle in a plane.
-fun PlaneAngleMeasure  : Class ;
-fun PlaneAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass PlaneAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
-
--- Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a 
--- set of goals or objectives.
-fun Planning  : Class ;
-fun Planning_Class : SubClass Planning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- An Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing 
--- by synthesis of Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of 
--- chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion.
-fun Plant  : Class ;
-fun Plant_Organism  : SubClassC Plant Organism (\PLANT -> and (forall PlantSubstance (\SUBSTANCE -> part(var PlantSubstance Object ? SUBSTANCE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))) (forall PlantAnatomicalStructure (\STRUCTURE -> part(var PlantAnatomicalStructure Object ? STRUCTURE)(var Organism Object ? PLANT))));
-
-
--- AnatomicalStructures that 
--- are possessed exclusively by Plants.
-fun PlantAnatomicalStructure  : Class ;
-fun PlantAnatomicalStructure_Class : SubClass PlantAnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure ;
-
--- BodySubstances that are produced 
--- exclusively by Plants.
-fun PlantSubstance  : Class ;
-fun PlantSubstance_Class : SubClass PlantSubstance BodySubstance ;
-
--- An extremely energetic PhysicalState that consists 
--- of atomic nuclei stripped of electrons. That is, a plasma is composed of 
--- positive ions and free electrons. Plasma behaves differently enough from 
--- Gas that it is referred to as the fourth state of matter.
-fun Plasma  : Ind PhysicalState ;
-
-
--- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
--- can easily be altered.
-fun Pliable  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
-
-
--- A Poisoning is caused by an external 
--- substance. Since Poisoning is not possible without some biologic 
--- function which affects the Organism being injured, it is a subclass 
--- of BiologicalProcess.
-fun Poisoning  : Class ;
-fun Poisoning_Class : SubClass Poisoning Injuring ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where the agent
--- pierces the surface of the Object with an instrument.
-fun Poking  : Class ;
-fun Poking_Class : SubClass Poking IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- Any GovernmentOrganization 
--- that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.
-fun PoliceOrganization  : Class ;
-fun PoliceOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliceOrganization GovernmentOrganization ;
-
--- An Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort 
--- of political change.
-fun PoliticalOrganization  : Class ;
-fun PoliticalOrganization_Class : SubClass PoliticalOrganization Organization ;
-
--- An OrganizationalProcess carried 
--- out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples 
--- would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, 
--- or even overthrowing a government in a revolution.
-fun PoliticalProcess  : Class ;
-fun PoliticalProcess_Class : SubClass PoliticalProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
-
--- A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male 
--- gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same 
--- species.
-fun Pollen  : Class ;
-fun Pollen_Class : SubClass Pollen (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
-
-
--- An Object with this Attribute has 
--- different colors on different parts of its surface.
-fun Polychromatic  : Ind ColorAttribute ;
-
-
--- A formal position of reponsibility within an 
--- Organization. Examples of Positions include president, laboratory 
--- director, senior researcher, sales representative, etc.
-fun Position  : Class ;
-fun Position_Class : SubClass Position SocialRole ;
-
--- Attributes characterizing the 
--- orientation of an Object, e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal, Left 
--- versus Right etc.
-fun PositionalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun PositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass PositionalAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- The TimePoint that is after 
--- all other TimePoints.
-fun PositiveInfinity  : Ind TimePoint ;
-
-
--- An Integer that is greater than zero.
-fun PositiveInteger  : Class ;
-fun PositiveInteger_Class : SubClass PositiveInteger (both NonnegativeInteger PositiveRealNumber) ;
-
-
--- A RealNumber that is greater than 
--- zero.
-fun PositiveRealNumber  : Class ;
-fun PositiveRealNumber_NonnegativeRealNumber  : SubClassC PositiveRealNumber NonnegativeRealNumber (\NUMBER -> greaterThan(var NonnegativeRealNumber Quantity ? NUMBER)(el Integer Quantity ? (toInt 0)));
-
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that are 
--- possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world.
-fun Possibility  : Ind AlethicAttribute ;
-
-
--- English pound of force. The conversion
--- factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A
--- mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this 
--- constant.
-fun PoundForce  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- English mass unit of pounds.
-fun PoundMass  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- (PowerSetFn ?CLASS) maps the SetOrClass 
--- ?CLASS to the SetOrClass of all subclasses of ?CLASS.
-fun PowerSetFn : El SetOrClass -> Desc SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- Precipitation is the process of 
--- water molecules falling from the air to the ground, in either a 
--- liquid or frozen state.
-fun Precipitation  : Class ;
-fun Precipitation_Class : SubClass Precipitation (both Falling (both WaterMotion WeatherProcess)) ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to 
--- its predecessor, e.g. the predecessor of 5 is 4.
-fun PredecessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs 
--- which might be realized in the future.
-fun Predicting  : Class ;
-fun Predicting_Class : SubClass Predicting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- (PremisesFn ?ARGUMENT) returns the complete 
--- set of premises of the Argument ?ARGUMENT.
-fun PremisesFn  : El Argument -> Ind Proposition ;
-
-
--- A Phrase that begins with a 
--- preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.
-fun PrepositionalPhrase  : Class ;
-fun PrepositionalPhrase_Class : SubClass PrepositionalPhrase Phrase ;
-
--- Any SocialInteraction where a 
--- CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make 
--- another CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents believe 
--- something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, 
--- impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few 
--- examples.
-fun Pretending  : Class ;
-fun Pretending_Class : SubClass Pretending SocialInteraction ;
-
--- Colors which can be blended to form any 
--- color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.
-fun PrimaryColor  : Class ;
-fun PrimaryColor_Class : SubClass PrimaryColor ColorAttribute ;
-
--- The Class of Mammals which are 
--- Primates.
-fun Primate  : Class ;
-fun Primate_Class : SubClass Primate Mammal ;
-
--- An Integer that is evenly divisible only 
--- by itself and 1.
-fun PrimeNumber  : Class ;
-fun PrimeNumber_Class : SubClass PrimeNumber Integer ;
-
--- A class containing all of the Attributes 
--- relating to objective, qualitative assessments of probability, e.g. Likely and 
--- Unlikely.
-fun ProbabilityAttribute  : Class ;
-fun ProbabilityAttribute_Class : SubClass ProbabilityAttribute ObjectiveNorm ;
-
--- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations, 
--- ProbabilityFn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of 
--- affairs. (ProbabilityFn ?FORMULA) denotes the a priori probability 
--- of ?FORMULA.
-fun ProbabilityFn  : Formula -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- A sequence_dependent specification. Some 
--- examples are ComputerPrograms, finite_state machines, cooking recipes, 
--- musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts 
--- of plays and movies.
-fun Procedure  : Class ;
-fun Procedure_Class : SubClass Procedure Proposition ;
-
--- The class of things that happen 
--- and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events 
--- like a football match or a race, actions like Pursuing and Reading, 
--- and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that occurs in
--- time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have 
--- participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players 
--- in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose 
--- spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages 
--- roughly perpendicular to the time_axis.
-fun Process  : Class ;
-fun Process_Class : SubClass Process Physical ;
-
--- An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture.
-fun Product  : Class ;
-fun Product_Class : SubClass Product Artifact ;
-
--- Prohibition is the DeonticAttribute that 
--- applies to Formulas that an Agent is forbidden, by some authority, 
--- to make true.
-fun Prohibition  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- Attribute that applies to Propositions that 
--- an Agent promises to make true. Promises may be implicit or explicit. 
--- They may be expressed in a written or verbal or gestural manner.
-fun Promise  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to the 
--- Set of Objects owned by the Agent.
-fun PropertyFn  : El Agent -> Ind Set ;
-
-
--- Propositions are Abstract entities that 
--- express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, 
--- the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the 
--- entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that 
--- propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual 
--- sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by 
--- theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish 
--- Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A 
--- Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, 
--- but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. 
--- A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: 
--- strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is 
--- on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed 
--- on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence 
--- of sounds or by some non_latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form
-fun Proposition  : Class ;
-fun Proposition_Class : SubClass Proposition Abstract ;
-
--- The BodyPosition of lying down, being in a 
--- horizontal position.
-fun Prostrate  : Ind BodyPosition ;
-
-
--- A Nutrient made up of amino acids joined by 
--- peptide bonds.
-fun Protein  : Class ;
-fun Protein_Class : SubClass Protein Nutrient ;
-
--- Components of the AtomicNucleus. They have a 
--- positive charge.
-fun Proton  : Class ;
-fun Proton_Class : SubClass Proton SubatomicParticle ;
-
--- The Class of pseudographs. A pseudograph 
--- is a Graph containing at least one GraphLoop.
-fun PseudoGraph  : Class ;
-fun PseudoGraph_Class : SubClass PseudoGraph Graph ;
-
--- Attributes that characterize the mental 
--- or behavioral life of an Organism.
-fun PsychologicalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun PsychologicalAttribute_Class : SubClass PsychologicalAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- A clinically significant 
--- dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. 
--- These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies 
--- or manifestations.
-fun PsychologicalDysfunction  : Class ;
-fun PsychologicalDysfunction_Class : SubClass PsychologicalDysfunction (both DiseaseOrSyndrome PsychologicalAttribute) ;
-
-
--- A BiologicalProcess which takes place in 
--- the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior 
--- of the Organism.
-fun PsychologicalProcess  : Class ;
-fun PsychologicalProcess_Class : SubClass PsychologicalProcess BiologicalProcess ;
-
--- The Manufacture of Texts. Note that 
--- there is no implication that the Texts are distributed. Such 
--- distribution, when it occurs, is an instance of Dissemination.
-fun Publication  : Class ;
-fun Publication_Class : SubClass Publication (both ContentDevelopment Manufacture) ;
-
-
--- A Contract between two Agents in 
--- which one Agent agrees to render the other some good or service in 
--- exchange for currency.
-fun PurchaseContract  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of Substances with constant 
--- composition. A PureSubstance can be either an element (ElementalSubstance) 
--- or a compound of elements (CompoundSubstance). Examples: Table salt 
--- (sodium chloride, NaCl), sugar (sucrose, C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}), water (H_2O), 
--- iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O_2).
-fun PureSubstance  : Class ;
-fun PureSubstance_Class : SubClass PureSubstance Substance ;
-
--- The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is 
--- sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking.
-fun Pursuing  : Class ;
-fun Pursuing_Class : SubClass Pursuing IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where something is put 
--- in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole 
--- destination.
-fun Putting  : Class ;
-fun Putting_Class : SubClass Putting Transfer ;
-
--- Any specification of how many or how much of 
--- something there is. Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: 
--- Number (how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much).
-fun Quantity  : Class ;
-fun Quantity_Class : SubClass Quantity Abstract ;
-
--- Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity 
--- associated with the patient is altered.
-fun QuantityChange  : Class ;
-fun QuantityChange_Class : SubClass QuantityChange InternalChange ;
-
--- English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a 
--- UnitedStatesGallon.
-fun Quart  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- A request for information. For example, John asked 
--- Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the Union 
--- address.
-fun Questioning  : Class ;
-fun Questioning_Class : SubClass Questioning Directing ;
-
--- SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the 
--- angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's 
--- radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a 
--- circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the 
--- radius. Radian = m/m = 1.
-fun Radian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
-
-
--- Processes in which some form of electromagnetic 
--- radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given 
--- off or absorbed by something else.
-fun Radiating  : Class ;
-fun Radiating_Class : SubClass Radiating Motion ;
-
--- RadiatingElectromagnetic 
--- is the subclass of Radiating processes in which electromagnetic 
--- radiation is transmitted or absorbed.
-fun RadiatingElectromagnetic  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingElectromagnetic_Class : SubClass RadiatingElectromagnetic Radiating ;
-
--- Any instance of Radiating where the 
--- wavelengths are longer than those of visible light and shorter than those 
--- of radio emissions.
-fun RadiatingInfrared  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingInfrared_Class : SubClass RadiatingInfrared RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
-
--- The subclass of Radiating in which 
--- light is given off or absorbed. Some examples include blinking, flashing, 
--- and glittering.
-fun RadiatingLight  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingLight_Class : SubClass RadiatingLight RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
-
--- Releasing atomic energy, i.e. energy from 
--- a nuclear reaction.
-fun RadiatingNuclear  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingNuclear_Class : SubClass RadiatingNuclear Radiating ;
-
--- The subclass of Radiating in which 
--- sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, 
--- roaring, and whistling.
-fun RadiatingSound  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingSound_Class : SubClass RadiatingSound Radiating ;
-
-fun RadiatingXRay  : Class ;
-fun RadiatingXRay_Class : SubClass RadiatingXRay RadiatingElectromagnetic ;
--- A TemperatureMeasure. Note 
--- that 0 RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 
--- KelvinDegrees).
-fun RankineDegree  : Ind UnitOfTemperature ;
-
-
--- Any RealNumber that is the product of 
--- dividing two Integers.
-fun RationalNumber  : Class ;
-fun RationalNumber_Class : SubClass RationalNumber RealNumber ;
-
--- (RationalNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns 
--- the rational representation of ?NUMBER.
-fun RationalNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RationalNumber ;
-
-
--- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
--- content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. 
--- Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a 
--- Text is read silently.
-fun Reading  : Class ;
-fun Reading_Class : SubClass Reading ContentDevelopment ;
-
--- Any Number that can be expressed as a 
--- (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any Number that has a position 
--- on the number line.
-fun RealNumber  : Class ;
-fun RealNumber_Class : SubClass RealNumber Number ;
-
--- (RealNumberFn ?NUMBER) returns the part of 
--- ?NUMBER that is a RealNumber.
-fun RealNumberFn  : El Number -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- which involve concluding, on the basis of either deductive or inductive 
--- evidence, that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.
-fun Reasoning  : Class ;
-fun Reasoning_Class : SubClass Reasoning IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- (ReciprocalFn ?NUMBER) is the reciprocal 
--- element of ?NUMBER with respect to the multiplication operator 
--- (MultiplicationFn), i.e. 1/?NUMBER. Not all numbers have a reciprocal 
--- element. For example the number 0 does not. If a number ?NUMBER has a 
--- reciprocal ?RECIP, then the product of ?NUMBER and ?RECIP will be 
--- 1, e.g. 3*1/3 = 1. The reciprocal of an element is equal to 
--- applying the ExponentiationFn function to the element to the power 
--- _1.
-fun ReciprocalFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- A Process that is carried out for 
--- the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a 
--- subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether 
--- or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same 
--- program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely 
--- to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an 
--- instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of 
--- watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since 
--- being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention).
-fun RecreationOrExercise  : Class ;
-fun RecreationOrExercise_Class : SubClass RecreationOrExercise IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- A function that is useful for generating 
--- recurring time intervals. For example, (RecurrentTimeIntervalFn (HourFn 6 Day) 
--- (HourFn 12 Day)) returns the Class of TimeIntervals beginning at 6 in the 
--- morning and ending at 12 noon. For another example, (RecurrentTimeInterval 
--- Saturday Sunday) returns the Class of all weekends. For still another example, 
--- (RecurrentTimeInterval June August) returns the Class containing the academic 
--- summer period.
-fun RecurrentTimeIntervalFn : Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- The Attribute of redness.
-fun Red  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
-
-
--- A topographic location. Regions encompass 
--- surfaces of Objects, imaginary places, and GeographicAreas. Note 
--- that a Region is the only kind of Object which can be located at 
--- itself. Note too that Region is not a subclass of SelfConnectedObject, 
--- because some Regions, e.g. archipelagos, have parts which are not 
--- connected with one another.
-fun Region  : Class ;
-fun Region_Class : SubClass Region Object ;
-
--- an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement 
--- of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess 
--- and the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long_term relationship 
--- between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed, while the 
--- former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are 
--- referred.
-fun RegulatoryProcess  : Class ;
-fun RegulatoryProcess_Class : SubClass RegulatoryProcess Guiding ;
-
--- Any Attribute that an Entity has by 
--- virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities, 
--- e.g. SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.
-fun RelationalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun RelationalAttribute_Class : SubClass RelationalAttribute Attribute ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps two 
--- SetOrClasses to the difference between these SetOrClasses. More 
--- precisely, (RelativeComplementFn ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) denotes the instances 
--- of ?CLASS1 that are not also instances of ?CLASS2.
-fun RelativeComplementFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A means of converting TimePositions 
--- between different TimeZones. (RelativeTimeFn ?TIME ?ZONE) 
--- denotes the TimePosition in CoordinatedUniversalTime that is 
--- contemporaneous with the TimePosition ?TIME in TimeZone ?ZONE.
--- For example, (RelativeTimeFn (MeasureFn 14 HourDuration) EasternTimeZone) 
--- would return the value (MeasureFn 19 HourDuration).
-fun RelativeTimeFn  : El TimePosition -> El TimeZone -> Ind TimePosition ;
-
-
--- Any instance of Transfer which results in 
--- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
--- which he/she grasps previously.
-fun Releasing  : Class ;
-fun Releasing_Class : SubClass Releasing Transfer ;
-
--- An Organization whose members 
--- share a set of religious beliefs.
-fun ReligiousOrganization  : Class ;
-fun ReligiousOrganization_Class : SubClass ReligiousOrganization (both BeliefGroup Organization) ;
-
-
--- An OrganizationalProcess that is 
--- carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.
-fun ReligiousProcess  : Class ;
-fun ReligiousProcess_Class : SubClass ReligiousProcess OrganizationalProcess ;
-
--- (RemainderFn ?NUMBER ?DIVISOR) is the 
--- remainder of the number ?NUMBER divided by the number ?DIVISOR. 
--- The result has the same sign as ?DIVISOR.
-fun RemainderFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which 
--- involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge 
--- which was previously acquired.
-fun Remembering  : Class ;
-fun Remembering_Class : SubClass Remembering PsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where something is 
--- taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location 
--- are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively.
-fun Removing  : Class ;
-fun Removing_Class : SubClass Removing Transfer ;
-
--- The Class of Processes where the agent 
--- makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not 
--- functioning as intended so that it works properly.
-fun Repairing  : Class ;
-fun Repairing_Class : SubClass Repairing IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- The Process of biological reproduction. 
--- This can be either a sexual or an asexual process.
-fun Replication  : Class ;
-fun Replication_Class : SubClass Replication OrganismProcess ;
-
--- Any ArtWork that represents 
--- something Physical.
-fun RepresentationalArtWork  : Class ;
-fun RepresentationalArtWork_Class : SubClass RepresentationalArtWork (both ArtWork Icon) ;
-
-
--- Reproductive structure of Organisms. 
--- Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. 
--- Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and FruitOrVegetables, as 
--- well as the eggs produced by Animals.
-fun ReproductiveBody  : Class ;
-fun ReproductiveBody_Class : SubClass ReproductiveBody BodyPart ;
-
--- A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external 
--- covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of 
--- Lungs and generally lay eggs.
-fun Reptile  : Class ;
-fun Reptile_Class : SubClass Reptile ColdBloodedVertebrate ;
-
--- A request expresses a desire that some future 
--- action be performed. For example, the 5th Battalion requested air support 
--- from the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals, 
--- recommendations, suggestions, etc.
-fun Requesting  : Class ;
-fun Requesting_Class : SubClass Requesting Directing ;
-
--- A Building or part of a Building which provides 
--- some accomodation for sleeping.
-fun Residence  : Class ;
-fun Residence_Class : SubClass Residence StationaryArtifact ;
-
--- A Building which provides some 
--- accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just 
--- permanent residences, e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, 
--- but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. 
--- ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from CommercialBuildings, 
--- which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential 
--- function.
-fun ResidentialBuilding  : Class ;
-fun ResidentialBuilding_Class : SubClass ResidentialBuilding (both Building Residence) ;
-
-
--- This PositionalAttribute is derived from the 
--- left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right, so that, 
--- if one object is to the right of another, then the projections of the 
--- two objects overlap.
-fun Right  : Ind AntiSymmetricPositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- The shape of an Object with this Attribute 
--- cannot be altered without breaking.
-fun Rigid  : Ind InternalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways 
--- that are areas intended for surface travel by self_powered, wheeled 
--- vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been 
--- at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. 
--- Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and 
--- expressways.
-fun Roadway  : Class ;
-fun Roadway_Class : SubClass Roadway LandTransitway ;
-
--- The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs 
--- of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and 
--- rabbits.
-fun Rodent  : Class ;
-fun Rodent_Class : SubClass Rodent Mammal ;
-
--- A properPart of a Building which is separated from 
--- the exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. 
--- Some Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, 
--- entertainment, etc.
-fun Room  : Class ;
-fun Room_Class : SubClass Room StationaryArtifact ;
-
--- An Object with this Attribute has a rough 
--- surface.
-fun Rough  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
-
-
--- (RoundFn ?NUMBER) is the Integer closest 
--- to ?NUMBER on the number line. If ?NUMBER is halfway between two 
--- Integers (for example 3.5), it denotes the larger Integer.
-fun RoundFn  : El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a 
--- way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a 
--- period of time.
-fun Running  : Class ;
-fun Running_Class : SubClass Running Ambulating ;
-
--- A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. 
--- oceans and seas.
-fun SaltWaterArea  : Class ;
-fun SaltWaterArea_Class : SubClass SaltWaterArea WaterArea ;
-
--- A Class of Attributes that specify, in 
--- a qualitative manner, the extent of the presence of one kind of Object in 
--- another kind of Object.
-fun SaturationAttribute  : Class ;
-fun SaturationAttribute_Class : SubClass SaturationAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Saturdays.
-fun Saturday  : Class ;
-fun Saturday_Class : SubClass Saturday Day ;
-
--- The Class of all clock Seconds.
-fun Second  : Class ;
-fun Second_Class : SubClass Second TimeInterval ;
-
--- SI UnitOfDuration. Symbol: s. 
--- It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as 
--- follows: the SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of 
--- the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine 
--- levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
-fun SecondDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and a 
--- subclass of Minutes to the Seconds within each Minute corresponding to that 
--- PositiveRealNumber. For example, (SecondFn 4 (MinuteFn 5 Hour)) is the Class 
--- of all fourth Seconds of every fifth Minute of every hour. For another example, 
--- (SecondFn 8 Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still 
--- another example, (SecondFn 9 (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn 
--- August (YearFn 1912)))))) denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th 
--- day of August 1912.
-fun SecondFn : El PositiveRealNumber -> Desc Minute -> Desc Second ;
-
-
--- The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody 
--- of a FloweringPlant.
-fun Seed  : Class ;
-fun Seed_Class : SubClass Seed (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Perception in which the 
--- sensing is done by an ocular Organ.
-fun Seeing  : Class ;
-fun Seeing_Class : SubClass Seeing Perception ;
-
--- The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses 
--- which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. 
--- Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.
-fun Selecting  : Class ;
-fun Selecting_Class : SubClass Selecting IntentionalPsychologicalProcess ;
-
--- A SelfConnectedObject is any 
--- Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.
-fun SelfConnectedObject  : Class ;
-fun SelfConnectedObject_Class : SubClass SelfConnectedObject Object ;
-
--- A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of 
--- Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.
-fun Selling  : Class ;
-fun Selling_Class : SubClass Selling FinancialTransaction ;
-
--- A syntactically well_formed formula of a 
--- Language. It includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which 
--- may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a Proposition.
-fun Sentence  : Class ;
-fun Sentence_Class : SubClass Sentence LinguisticExpression ;
-
--- An Agent that has rights but may or may 
--- not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are 
--- present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. 
--- Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not 
--- also CognitiveAgents.
-fun SentientAgent  : Class ;
-fun SentientAgent_Class : SubClass SentientAgent Agent ;
-
--- A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is 
--- separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different 
--- from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not 
--- being connected. Note too that Separating is different from 
--- Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated 
--- may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated.
-fun Separating  : Class ;
-fun Separating_Class : SubClass Separating DualObjectProcess ;
-
--- The Class of all Months which are September.
-fun September  : Class ;
-fun September_Class : SubClass September Month ;
-
--- A Text consisting of multiple self_contained units. 
--- Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television 
--- series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc.
-fun Series  : Class ;
-fun Series_Class : SubClass Series Text ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps a type of Series 
--- (e.g. the Encyclopedia_Britannica or the Popular_Mechanics periodical) and a 
--- number to the volumes of the text type designated by the number.
-fun SeriesVolumeFn : Desc Series -> El PositiveInteger -> Desc Text ;
-
-
--- ServiceProcess denotes the class
--- of events in which one agent performs a service for another. The
--- service need not be commercial, and it need not be the case that
--- the serviceRecipient pays or recompenses the serviceProvider
--- for the service.
-fun ServiceProcess  : Class ;
-fun ServiceProcess_Class : SubClass ServiceProcess SocialInteraction ;
-
--- A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as
--- other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ 
--- from Classes in two important respects. First, Sets are extensional _ 
--- two Sets with the same elements are identical. Second, a Set can be 
--- an arbitrary stock of objects. That is, there is no requirement that Sets 
--- have an associated condition that determines their membership. Note that Sets 
--- are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. elements of a Set may occur more 
--- than once in the Set.
-fun Set  : Class ;
-fun Set_Class : SubClass Set SetOrClass ;
-
--- The SetOrClass of Sets
--- and Classes, i.e. any instance of Abstract that has elements or
--- instances.
-fun SetOrClass  : Class ;
-fun SetOrClass_Class : SubClass SetOrClass Abstract ;
-
--- Attributes that indicate the sex of an 
--- Organism.
-fun SexAttribute  : Class ;
-fun SexAttribute_Class : SubClass SexAttribute BiologicalAttribute ;
-
--- Sexual Processes of biological 
--- reproduction.
-fun SexualReproduction  : Class ;
-fun SexualReproduction_Class : SubClass SexualReproduction Replication ;
-
--- Any Attribute that relates to the 
--- shape of an Object.
-fun ShapeAttribute  : Class ;
-fun ShapeAttribute_Class : SubClass ShapeAttribute InternalAttribute ;
-
--- The Process of changing the shape of an Object.
-fun ShapeChange  : Class ;
-fun ShapeChange_Class : SubClass ShapeChange InternalChange ;
-
--- The subclass of Impelling where the patient 
--- is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of 
--- Device.
-fun Shooting  : Class ;
-fun Shooting_Class : SubClass Shooting Impelling ;
-
--- A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 
--- 1_3 km wide bordering a body of water, such as an ocean, bay, river, 
--- or lake. A ShoreArea may comprise a variety of LandForms, such as dunes, 
--- sloughs, and marshes.
-fun ShoreArea  : Class ;
-fun ShoreArea_Class : SubClass ShoreArea LandArea ;
-
--- SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. 
--- In the case of direct current, the conductance in Siemens is the 
--- reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms, in the case of alternating current, 
--- it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = 
--- m^(_2)*kg(_1)*s^(3)*A^2.
-fun Siemens  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is 
--- a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The Sievert makes it 
--- possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes 
--- into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, 
--- since each form of such radiation__e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons__
--- has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed 
--- dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in Sievert) is 
--- the dose of the radiation in Gray multiplied by a quality factor that 
--- is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. 
--- Accordingly, one Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation 
--- roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one Gray of gamma 
--- radiation. Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(_2)
-fun Sievert  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- (SignumFn ?NUMBER) denotes the sign of ?NUMBER. 
--- This is one of the following values: _1, 1, or 0.
-fun SignumFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- (SineFn ?DEGREE) is the sine of the 
--- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The sine of ?DEGREE is the ratio of the side 
--- opposite ?DEGREE to the hypotenuse in a right_angled triangle.
-fun SineFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- Speaking that is also Music.
-fun Singing  : Class ;
-fun Singing_Class : SubClass Singing (both Music Speaking) ;
-
-
--- SingleAgentProcess 
--- is the Class of all Processes that require exactly one agent in order to occur.
-fun SingleAgentProcess  : Class ;
-fun SingleAgentProcess_Class : SubClass SingleAgentProcess Process ;
-
--- A PermanentResidence which is 
--- intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers 
--- Houses, ApartmentUnits, and CondominiumUnits.
-fun SingleFamilyResidence  : Class ;
-fun SingleFamilyResidence_Class : SubClass SingleFamilyResidence PermanentResidence ;
-
--- The BodyPosition of being recumbent, i.e. 
--- knees bent and back side supported.
-fun Sitting  : Ind BodyPosition ;
-
-
--- The system of Bones that make up the supporting structure 
--- of Vertebrates.
-fun Skeleton  : Class ;
-fun Skeleton_Class : SubClass Skeleton (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure BodyPart) ;
-
-
--- English mass unit of slugs.
-fun Slug  : Ind UnitOfMass ;
-
-
--- The subclass of Perception in which the 
--- sensing is done by an olefactory Organ.
-fun Smelling  : Class ;
-fun Smelling_Class : SubClass Smelling Perception ;
-
--- A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is 
--- produced by Combustion.
-fun Smoke  : Class ;
-fun Smoke_Class : SubClass Smoke Cloud ;
-
--- An Object with this Attribute has a smooth 
--- surface.
-fun Smooth  : Ind TextureAttribute ;
-
-
--- The subclass of 
--- IntentionalProcess that involves interactions between 
--- CognitiveAgents.
-fun SocialInteraction  : Class ;
-fun SocialInteraction_Class : SubClass SocialInteraction IntentionalProcess ;
-
--- The Class of all Attributes that 
--- specify the position or status of a CognitiveAgent within an 
--- Organization or other Group.
-fun SocialRole  : Class ;
-fun SocialRole_Class : SubClass SocialRole RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- A GroupOfPeople who all have the same home.
-fun SocialUnit  : Class ;
-fun SocialUnit_Class : SubClass SocialUnit GroupOfPeople ;
-
--- An Object has the Attribute of Solid if it 
--- has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
-fun Solid  : Ind PhysicalState ;
-
-
--- The value of an angle in a solid.
-fun SolidAngleMeasure  : Class ;
-fun SolidAngleMeasure_Class : SubClass SolidAngleMeasure AngleMeasure ;
-
--- A liquid mixture. The most abundant component in 
--- a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. 
--- A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition. 
--- Any amount of salt, up to a maximum limit, can be dissolved in a given 
--- amount of water.
-fun Solution  : Class ;
-fun Solution_Class : SubClass Solution LiquidMixture ;
-
--- The volume of sound relative to a listener.
-fun SoundAttribute  : Class ;
-fun SoundAttribute_Class : SubClass SoundAttribute RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- The compass direction of South.
-fun South  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a 
--- Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which 
--- involves his/her vocal cords.
-fun Speaking  : Class ;
-fun Speaking_Class : SubClass Speaking (both LinguisticCommunication Vocalizing) ;
-
-
--- Maps an instance of LengthMeasure and an instance of 
--- TimeDuration to the speed represented by this proportion of distance and time. 
--- For example, (SpeedFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile)(MeasureFn 1 HourDuration)) 
--- represents the velocity of 55 miles per hour.
-fun SpeedFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
-
-
--- A flexible column made out of bones called 
--- vertebrae. The main function of the SpinalColumn is to protect the 
--- spinal cord.
-fun SpinalColumn  : Class ;
-fun SpinalColumn_Class : SubClass SpinalColumn (both AnimalAnatomicalStructure Organ) ;
-
-
--- A SpokenHumanLanguage is a
--- HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also 
--- berepresented visually through writing, although not all 
--- SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified written form.
-fun SpokenHumanLanguage  : Class ;
-fun SpokenHumanLanguage_Class : SubClass SpokenHumanLanguage HumanLanguage ;
-
--- Any ReproductiveBody of a NonFloweringPlant.
-fun Spore  : Class ;
-fun Spore_Class : SubClass Spore (both PlantAnatomicalStructure ReproductiveBody) ;
-
-
--- A Game which requires some degree of physical 
--- exercion from the participants of the game.
-fun Sport  : Class ;
-fun Sport_Class : SubClass Sport Game ;
-
--- (SquareRootFn ?NUMBER) is the principal 
--- square root of ?NUMBER.
-fun SquareRootFn  : El RealNumber -> Ind Number ;
-
-
--- The BodyPosition of being upright, i.e. being 
--- fully extended and supported by nothing other than one's own feet.
-fun Standing  : Ind BodyPosition ;
-
-
--- Any Process where the PhysicalState 
--- of part of the patient of the Process changes.
-fun StateChange  : Class ;
-fun StateChange_Class : SubClass StateChange InternalChange ;
-
--- The class StateOfMind is distinguished from 
--- its complement TraitAttribute by the fact that instances of the former are 
--- transient while instances of the latter are persistent features of a creature's behavioral/psychological make_up.
-fun StateOfMind  : Class ;
-fun StateOfMind_Class : SubClass StateOfMind PsychologicalAttribute ;
-
--- Administrative subdivisions of a 
--- Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that 
--- may exist. This Class includes the states of the United States, as 
--- well as the provinces of Canada and European countries.
-fun StateOrProvince  : Class ;
-fun StateOrProvince_Class : SubClass StateOrProvince (both GeopoliticalArea LandArea) ;
-
-
--- A WaterArea in which water does not flow 
--- constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.
-fun StaticWaterArea  : Class ;
-fun StaticWaterArea_Class : SubClass StaticWaterArea WaterArea ;
-
--- Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. 
--- For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.
-fun Stating  : Class ;
-fun Stating_Class : SubClass Stating LinguisticCommunication ;
-
--- A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact 
--- that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are 
--- architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, 
--- single_family houses, etc.
-fun StationaryArtifact  : Class ;
-fun StationaryArtifact_Class : SubClass StationaryArtifact Artifact ;
-
--- SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is 
--- the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose 
--- area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition 
--- is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, 
--- cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square 
--- with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = 
--- m^2/m^2 = 1.
-fun Steradian  : Ind UnitOfAngularMeasure ;
-
-
--- A relatively narrow WaterArea where the 
--- water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, 
--- etc.
-fun StreamWaterArea  : Class ;
-fun StreamWaterArea_Class : SubClass StreamWaterArea (both FlowRegion WaterArea) ;
-
-
--- The class of ElementalSubstances that 
--- are smaller than Atoms and compose Atoms.
-fun SubatomicParticle  : Class ;
-fun SubatomicParticle_Class : SubClass SubatomicParticle ElementalSubstance ;
-
--- The Class of NormativeAttributes
--- which lack an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. the attribution of 
--- these Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the 
--- same subject over time. This Class is, generally speaking, only used when 
--- mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a knowledge 
--- source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, it is assigned to 
--- this Class.
-fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute  : Class ;
-fun SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute_Class : SubClass SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute NormativeAttribute ;
-
--- An Object in which every part is similar to 
--- every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a 
--- Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts _ any parts have 
--- properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance 
--- may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the 
--- temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part 
--- to another. An example would be a body of water.
-fun Substance  : Class ;
-fun Substance_Class : SubClass Substance SelfConnectedObject ;
-
--- The Class of Transfers where one thing is 
--- replaced with something else.
-fun Substituting  : Class ;
-fun Substituting_Class : SubClass Substituting (both DualObjectProcess Transfer) ;
-
-
--- If ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 are Numbers, 
--- then (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the arithmetical difference 
--- between ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 minus ?NUMBER2. An 
--- exception occurs when ?NUMBER1 is equal to 0, in which case 
--- (SubtractionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is the negation of ?NUMBER2.
-fun SubtractionFn  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Ind Quantity ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Integer to 
--- its successor, e.g. the successor of 5 is 6.
-fun SuccessorFn  : El Integer -> Ind Integer ;
-
-
--- A short Text that is a summary of another, 
--- longer Text.
-fun Summary  : Class ;
-fun Summary_Class : SubClass Summary Text ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Sundays.
-fun Sunday  : Class ;
-fun Sunday_Class : SubClass Sunday Day ;
-
--- Instances of this Class suppose, for the sake of 
--- argument, that a proposition is true. For example, John considered what he 
--- would do if he won the lottery.
-fun Supposing  : Class ;
-fun Supposing_Class : SubClass Supposing LinguisticCommunication ;
-
--- Processes which involve altering 
--- the properties that apply to the surface of an Object.
-fun SurfaceChange  : Class ;
-fun SurfaceChange_Class : SubClass SurfaceChange InternalChange ;
-
--- Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an 
--- incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess.
-fun Surgery  : Class ;
-fun Surgery_Class : SubClass Surgery TherapeuticProcess ;
-
--- A LiquidMixture where at least one of the 
--- components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture 
--- but is not dissolved in it.
-fun Suspension  : Class ;
-fun Suspension_Class : SubClass Suspension LiquidMixture ;
-
--- Any deliberate and controlled BodyMotion 
--- through water that is accomplished by an Organism.
-fun Swimming  : Class ;
-fun Swimming_Class : SubClass Swimming BodyMotion ;
-
--- The Class of alphanumeric sequences.
-fun SymbolicString  : Class ;
-fun SymbolicString_Class : SubClass SymbolicString ContentBearingObject ;
-
--- SymmetricAttribute is the class of 
--- PositionalAttribute that hold between two items regardless of their 
--- order or orientation.
-fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute  : Class ;
-fun SymmetricPositionalAttribute_Class : SubClass SymmetricPositionalAttribute PositionalAttribute ;
-
--- Any Substance that is the result of an 
--- IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans.
-fun SyntheticSubstance  : Class ;
-fun SyntheticSubstance_Substance  : SubClassC SyntheticSubstance Substance (\SUBSTANCE -> exists IntentionalProcess (\PROCESS -> result(var IntentionalProcess Process ? PROCESS)(var Substance Entity ? SUBSTANCE)));
-
-
--- The Class of Systeme 
--- International (SI) units.
-fun SystemeInternationalUnit  : Class ;
-fun SystemeInternationalUnit_Class : SubClass SystemeInternationalUnit UnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- The subclass of Perception in which 
--- the sensing is done by Touching. Note that Touching need not involve 
--- TactilePerception. For example, a person who has lost all sensation in 
--- both of his legs would have no TactilePerception of anything his legs 
--- were Touching.
-fun TactilePerception  : Class ;
-fun TactilePerception_Class : SubClass TactilePerception Perception ;
-
--- (TangentFn ?DEGREE) is the tangent of the 
--- PlaneAngleMeasure ?DEGREE. The tangent of ?DEGREE is the ratio of 
--- the side opposite ?DEGREE to the side next to ?DEGREE in a right_angled 
--- triangle.
-fun TangentFn  : El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
-
--- The Class of Attributes relating to 
--- the taste of Objects.
-fun TasteAttribute  : Class ;
-fun TasteAttribute_Class : SubClass TasteAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
-
--- The subclass of Perception in which the 
--- sensing is done by of an Organ which can discriminate various tastes.
-fun Tasting  : Class ;
-fun Tasting_Class : SubClass Tasting Perception ;
-
--- Measures of temperature. 
--- In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the 
--- average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.
-fun TemperatureMeasure  : Class ;
-fun TemperatureMeasure_Class : SubClass TemperatureMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- The basic Function for expressing 
--- the composition of larger TimeIntervals out of smaller TimeIntervals. 
--- For example, if ThisSeptember is an instance of September, 
--- (TemporalCompositionFn ThisSeptember Day) denotes the Class of 
--- consecutive days that make up ThisSeptember. Note that one can obtain 
--- the number of instances of this Class by using the function CardinalityFn.
-fun TemporalCompositionFn : El TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval -> Desc TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- A Residence which is strictly temporary, 
--- i.e. where no one makes his/her home.
-fun TemporaryResidence  : Class ;
-fun TemporaryResidence_Class : SubClass TemporaryResidence Residence ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a UnitOfMeasure 
--- into a UnitOfMeasure that is equal to 1,000,000,000,000 units of the original 
--- UnitOfMeasure. For example, (TeraFn Hertz) is 1,000,000,000,000 Hertz.
-fun TeraFn  : El UnitOfMeasure -> Ind UnitOfMeasure;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a 
--- GraphArc to the terminal node of the GraphArc. Note that this 
--- is a partial function. In particular, the function is undefined 
--- for GraphArcs that are not part of a DirectedGraph.
-fun TerminalNodeFn  : El GraphArc -> Ind GraphNode ;
-
-
--- OrganizationalProcesses where someone 
--- ceases to be an employee of an Organization. Note that this covers being 
--- laid off, being fired, and voluntarily leaving a job.
-fun TerminatingEmployment  : Class ;
-fun TerminatingEmployment_Class : SubClass TerminatingEmployment LeavingAnOrganization ;
-
--- SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T.
--- One Tesla equals one Weber per square Meter. Tesla = Wb/m^2 = 
--- kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
-fun Tesla  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- A LinguisticExpression or set of 
--- LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related 
--- to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular 
--- topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans.
-fun Text  : Class ;
-fun Text_Class : SubClass Text (both Artifact (both ContentBearingObject LinguisticExpression)) ;
-
-
--- Any Attribute that characterizes the 
--- texture of an Object.
-fun TextureAttribute  : Class ;
-fun TextureAttribute_Class : SubClass TextureAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
-
--- A Process that is carried out 
--- for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated 
--- with a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
-fun TherapeuticProcess  : Class ;
-fun TherapeuticProcess_Class : SubClass TherapeuticProcess Repairing ;
-
--- The class of GeometricFigures that 
--- have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids 
--- like polyhedrons and cylinders.
-fun ThreeDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
-fun ThreeDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass ThreeDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Thursdays.
-fun Thursday  : Class ;
-fun Thursday_Class : SubClass Thursday Day ;
-
--- A
--- UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of continuous time. All instances of
--- this Class are returned by Functions that map a time quantity into
--- another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the
--- temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a
--- TimeDependentQuantity, since its value depends on the time.
-fun TimeDependentQuantity  : Class ;
-fun TimeDependentQuantity_Class : SubClass TimeDependentQuantity UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity ;
-
--- Any measure of length of time, 
--- with or without respect to the universal timeline.
-fun TimeDuration  : Class ;
-fun TimeDuration_Class : SubClass TimeDuration TimeMeasure ;
-
--- An interval of time.
--- Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the
--- universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps,
--- i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.
-fun TimeInterval  : Class ;
-fun TimeInterval_Class : SubClass TimeInterval TimePosition ;
-
--- A BinaryFunction that takes two TimePoints 
--- as arguments and returns the TimeInterval defined by these two TimePoints. 
--- Note that the first TimePoint must occur earlier than the second TimePoint.
-fun TimeIntervalFn  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- The class of temporal durations (instances 
--- of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along 
--- the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition).
-fun TimeMeasure  : Class ;
-fun TimeMeasure_Class : SubClass TimeMeasure ConstantQuantity ;
-
--- An extensionless point on
--- the universal timeline. The TimePoints at which Processes occur
--- can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but
--- conceptually TimePoints are point_like and not interval_like. That
--- is, it doesn't make sense to talk about how long a TimePoint
--- lasts.
-fun TimePoint  : Class ;
-fun TimePoint_Class : SubClass TimePoint TimePosition ;
-
--- Any TimePoint or TimeInterval 
--- along the universal timeline from NegativeInfinity to 
--- PositiveInfinity.
-fun TimePosition  : Class ;
-fun TimePosition_Class : SubClass TimePosition TimeMeasure ;
-
--- An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates 
--- in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to 
--- the same TimePositions.
-fun TimeZone  : Class ;
-fun TimeZone_Class : SubClass TimeZone RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells 
--- and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively 
--- non_localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. 
--- The main features of Tissues are self_connectivity (see 
--- SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the 
--- same granularity are instances of Tissue as well).
-fun Tissue  : Class ;
-fun Tissue_Class : SubClass Tissue BodySubstance ;
-
--- Any Transfer where two Objects are 
--- brought into immediate physical contact with one another.
-fun Touching  : Class ;
-fun Touching_Class : SubClass Touching Transfer ;
-
--- Attributes that indicate the the 
--- behavior/personality traits of an Organism.
-fun TraitAttribute  : Class ;
-fun TraitAttribute_Class : SubClass TraitAttribute PsychologicalAttribute ;
-
--- The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where 
--- something is exchanged for something else.
-fun Transaction  : Class ;
-fun Transaction_Class : SubClass Transaction (both ChangeOfPossession DualObjectProcess) ;
-
-
--- Any instance of Translocation where the agent 
--- and the patient are not the same thing.
-fun Transfer  : Class ;
-fun Transfer_Class : SubClass Transfer Translocation ;
-
--- Transitway is the broadest class 
--- of regions which may be passed through as a path in instances 
--- of Translocation. Transitway includes land, air, and sea 
--- regions, and it includes both natural and artificial transitways.
-fun Transitway  : Class ;
-fun Transitway_Class : SubClass Transitway (both Region SelfConnectedObject) ;
-
-
--- Converting content from one Language into another. 
--- This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written translation.
-fun Translating  : Class ;
-fun Translating_Class : SubClass Translating (both ContentDevelopment DualObjectProcess) ;
-
-
--- Translocation is that class of Motions 
--- in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round 
--- trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening 
--- motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear 
--- motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is 
--- not necessary, Ambulating is a kind of Translocation.
-fun Translocation  : Class ;
-fun Translocation_Class : SubClass Translocation Motion ;
-
--- Motion from one point to another by means 
--- of a TransportationDevice.
-fun Transportation  : Class ;
-fun Transportation_Class : SubClass Transportation Translocation ;
-
--- A TransportationDevice is a Device 
--- which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries 
--- the patient of the Process from one point to another.
-fun TransportationDevice  : Class ;
-fun TransportationDevice_Class : SubClass TransportationDevice Device ;
-
--- A Tree is a DirectedGraph that has no 
--- GraphLoops.
-fun Tree  : Class ;
-fun Tree_Class : SubClass Tree Graph ;
-
--- The TruthValue of being true.
-fun True  : Ind TruthValue ;
-
-
--- The Class of truth values, e.g. True and 
--- False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions.
-fun TruthValue  : Class ;
-fun TruthValue_Class : SubClass TruthValue RelationalAttribute ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.
-fun Tuesday  : Class ;
-fun Tuesday_Class : SubClass Tuesday Day ;
-
--- Any two OneDimensionalFigures (i.e. 
--- straight lines) meeting at a single GeometricPoint.
-fun TwoDimensionalAngle  : Class ;
-fun TwoDimensionalAngle_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalAngle OpenTwoDimensionalFigure ;
-
--- The class of GeometricFigures that 
--- have position and an extension along two dimensions, viz. plane figures 
--- like circles and polygons.
-fun TwoDimensionalFigure  : Class ;
-fun TwoDimensionalFigure_Class : SubClass TwoDimensionalFigure GeometricFigure ;
-
--- A
--- subclass of FunctionQuantity, instances of which are returned by
--- UnaryFunctions that map from one instance of the Class
--- ConstantQuantity to another instance of the Class
--- ConstantQuantity.
-fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity  : Class ;
-fun UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity_Class : SubClass UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity FunctionQuantity ;
-
--- Attribute that applies to Organisms that 
--- are unconscious. An Organism may be Unconscious because it is Dead 
--- or because of a blow to the head, a drug, etc.
-fun Unconscious  : Ind ConsciousnessAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of Removing processes where the agent 
--- uncovers the patient, either completely or only partially.
-fun Uncovering  : Class ;
-fun Uncovering_Class : SubClass Uncovering Removing ;
-
--- The Attribute of a CognitiveAgent when 
--- he/she is unemployed.
-fun Unemployed  : Ind SocialRole ;
-
-
--- Any instance of Detaching which results in 
--- a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something 
--- which he/she grasps previously.
-fun Ungrasping  : Class ;
-fun Ungrasping_Class : SubClass Ungrasping Detaching ;
-
--- Any instance of Getting that is not part 
--- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing 
--- is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, 
--- commandeering, stealing, etc.
-fun UnilateralGetting  : Class ;
-fun UnilateralGetting_Class : SubClass UnilateralGetting Getting ;
-
--- Any instance of Giving that is not part 
--- of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Giving where nothing 
--- is received in return. Some examples of UnilateralGiving are: honorary 
--- awards, gifts, and financial grants.
-fun UnilateralGiving  : Class ;
-fun UnilateralGiving_Class : SubClass UnilateralGiving Giving ;
-
--- The Attribute of Regions that are 
--- unilluminated, i.e in which no shapes are visually discernable.
-fun Unilluminated  : Ind VisualAttribute ;
-
-
--- A BinaryFunction that maps two SetOrClasses to 
--- the union of these SetOrClasses. An object is an element of the union 
--- of two SetOrClasses just in case it is an instance of either SetOrClass.
-fun UnionFn  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Ind SetOrClass ;
-
-
--- A List in which no item appears more than once, 
--- i.e. a List for which there are no distinct numbers ?NUMBER1 and ?NUMBER2 
--- such that (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1) and (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2) 
--- return the same value.
-fun UniqueList  : Class ;
-fun UniqueList_Class : SubClass UniqueList List ;
-
--- UnitFn returns just the
--- UnitOfMeasure of a PhysicalQuantity with an associated
--- UnitOfMeasure and RealNumber magnitude. For example, the unit of
--- the ConstantQuantity (MeasureFn 2 Kilometer) is the
--- UnitOfMeasure Kilometer.
-fun UnitFn  : El PhysicalQuantity -> Ind UnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of AngleMeasure.
-fun UnitOfAngularMeasure  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfAngularMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAngularMeasure NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of AreaMeasure.
-fun UnitOfArea  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfArea_Class : SubClass UnitOfArea CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- UnitOfAtmosphericPressure includes those instances of
--- UnitOfMeasure used to measure atmospheric pressure (barometricPressure),
--- e.g., InchMercury.
-fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfAtmosphericPressure_Class : SubClass UnitOfAtmosphericPressure CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of CurrencyMeasure.
-fun UnitOfCurrency  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfCurrency_Class : SubClass UnitOfCurrency NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of TimeDuration. Note that TimeDuration is a subclass
--- of TimeMeasure.
-fun UnitOfDuration  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfDuration_Class : SubClass UnitOfDuration NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of FrequencyMeasure.
-fun UnitOfFrequency  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfFrequency_Class : SubClass UnitOfFrequency CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of InformationMeasure.
-fun UnitOfInformation  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfInformation_Class : SubClass UnitOfInformation NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of LengthMeasure.
-fun UnitOfLength  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfLength_Class : SubClass UnitOfLength NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of MassMeasure, which denote the amount of matter in
--- PhysicalObjects.
-fun UnitOfMass  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfMass_Class : SubClass UnitOfMass NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- A standard of measurement for some dimension. 
--- For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, 
--- as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that 
--- makes it primitive or fundamental, rather, a system of units (e.g. 
--- SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and 
--- assigns units for each.
-fun UnitOfMeasure  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfMeasure_Class : SubClass UnitOfMeasure PhysicalQuantity ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of TemperatureMeasure.
-fun UnitOfTemperature  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfTemperature_Class : SubClass UnitOfTemperature NonCompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Every instance of this
--- Class is a UnitOfMeasure that can be used with MeasureFn to form
--- instances of VolumeMeasure.
-fun UnitOfVolume  : Class ;
-fun UnitOfVolume_Class : SubClass UnitOfVolume CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
--- Unit of volume commonly used in the 
--- United Kingdom.
-fun UnitedKingdomGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is 
--- equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars.
-fun UnitedStatesCent  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
-
-
--- A currency measure.
-fun UnitedStatesDollar  : Ind UnitOfCurrency ;
-
-
--- Unit of volume commonly used in the 
--- United States.
-fun UnitedStatesGallon  : Ind UnitOfVolume ;
-
-
--- The ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable, i.e. more 
--- likely than not to be False.
-fun Unlikely  : Ind ProbabilityAttribute ;
-
-
--- A DeductiveArgument which is 
--- valid, i.e. the set of premises in fact entails the conclusion.
-fun ValidDeductiveArgument  : Class ;
-fun ValidDeductiveArgument_Class : SubClass ValidDeductiveArgument DeductiveArgument ;
-
--- Vehicle is the subclass of 
--- TransportationDevices that transport passengers or goods 
--- from one place to another by moving from one place to the other 
--- with them, e.g., cars, trucks, ferries, and airplanes. Contrast 
--- with devices such as pipelines, escalators, or supermarket 
--- checkout belts, which carry items from one place to another by means 
--- of a moving part, without the device removing from the origin to 
--- the destination.
-fun Vehicle  : Class ;
-fun Vehicle_Class : SubClass Vehicle TransportationDevice ;
-
--- Specifies the velocity of an object, i.e. the speed 
--- and the direction of the speed. For example (VelocityFn (MeasureFn 55 Mile) 
--- (MeasureFn 2 HourDuration) ?REFERENCE North) denotes the velocity of 55 miles 
--- per hour North of the given reference point ?REFERENCE.
-fun VelocityFn  : El LengthMeasure -> El TimeDuration -> El Region -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Ind FunctionQuantity ;
-
-
--- One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words 
--- that conventionally denote Processes.
-fun Verb  : Class ;
-fun Verb_Class : SubClass Verb Word ;
-
--- A Phrase that has the same function as a 
--- Verb.
-fun VerbPhrase  : Class ;
-fun VerbPhrase_Class : SubClass VerbPhrase Phrase ;
-
--- An Animal which has a spinal column.
-fun Vertebrate  : Class ;
-fun Vertebrate_Animal  : SubClassC Vertebrate Animal (\VERT -> and (and (and (exists SpinalColumn (\SPINE -> component(var SpinalColumn CorpuscularObject ? SPINE)(var Animal CorpuscularObject ? VERT))) (forall NervousSystem (\S -> part(var NervousSystem Object ? S)(var Animal Object ? VERT)))) (forall Skeleton (\SKELETON -> part(var Skeleton Object ? SKELETON)(var Animal Object ? VERT)))) (forall Exoskeleton (\SKELETON -> part(var Exoskeleton Object ? SKELETON)(var Animal Object ? VERT))));
-
-
--- Attribute used to indicate that an Object 
--- is positioned height_wise with respect to another Object.
-fun Vertical  : Ind PositionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- A Contest where one participant attempts to 
--- physically injure another participant.
-fun ViolentContest  : Class ;
-fun ViolentContest_Class : SubClass ViolentContest Contest ;
-
--- An Organism consisting of a core of a single 
--- nucleic acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate 
--- only inside a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the 
--- usual characteristics of living things.
-fun Virus  : Class ;
-fun Virus_Class : SubClass Virus Microorganism ;
-
--- The Class of visually discernible 
--- properties.
-fun VisualAttribute  : Class ;
-fun VisualAttribute_Class : SubClass VisualAttribute PerceptualAttribute ;
-
--- A Nutrient present in natural products or made 
--- synthetically, which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher 
--- Animals. Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins.
-fun Vitamin  : Class ;
-fun Vitamin_Class : SubClass Vitamin Nutrient ;
-
--- The vocal cords, are composed
--- of two folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the
--- larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the
--- lungs during Vocalizing.
-fun VocalCords  : Class ;
-fun VocalCords_Class : SubClass VocalCords Organ ;
-
--- Any instance of RadiatingSound where the 
--- instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts, screams, 
--- roars, as well as Speaking.
-fun Vocalizing  : Class ;
-fun Vocalizing_Class : SubClass Vocalizing (both BodyMotion RadiatingSound) ;
-
-
--- SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is 
--- the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting 
--- wire carrying a constant current of 1 Ampere, when the power dissipated 
--- between these points is equal to 1 Watt. Volt = W/A = 
--- m^2*kg*s^(_3)*A^(_1).
-fun Volt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Measures of the amount of space in three 
--- dimensions.
-fun VolumeMeasure  : Class ;
-fun VolumeMeasure_Class : SubClass VolumeMeasure FunctionQuantity ;
-
--- Voting is the activity of voting in an 
--- Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections 
--- are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual 
--- voter is part of an Election process.
-fun Voting  : Class ;
-fun Voting_Class : SubClass Voting Deciding ;
-
--- Ambulating relatively slowly, i.e. moving in such a 
--- way that at least one foot is always in contact with the ground.
-fun Walking  : Class ;
-fun Walking_Class : SubClass Walking Ambulating ;
-
--- A military confrontation between two or more 
--- GeopoliticalAreas or Organizations whose members are GeopoliticalAreas. 
--- As the corresponding axiom specifies, a War is made up of Battles.
-fun War  : Class ;
-fun War_Class : SubClass War ViolentContest ;
-
--- Vertebrates whose body temperature 
--- is internally regulated.
-fun WarmBloodedVertebrate  : Class ;
-fun WarmBloodedVertebrate_Class : SubClass WarmBloodedVertebrate Vertebrate ;
-
--- A Contract that states the cirumstances 
--- under which defects in the product will be corrected for no charge. 
--- A Warranty is usually limited to a length of time that is specified 
--- in the Warranty itself. A Warranty also includes information about 
--- what is not covered and actions that invalidate the Warranty.
-fun Warranty  : Ind DeonticAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of samples of the compound H20. Note 
--- that this Class covers both pure and impure Water.
-fun Water  : Class ;
-fun Water_Class : SubClass Water CompoundSubstance ;
-
--- A body which is made up predominantly of water, 
--- e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.
-fun WaterArea  : Class ;
-fun WaterArea_Class : SubClass WaterArea GeographicArea ;
-
--- Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor.
-fun WaterCloud  : Class ;
-fun WaterCloud_Class : SubClass WaterCloud Cloud ;
-
--- Any LiquidMotion where the Liquid is Water.
-fun WaterMotion  : Class ;
-fun WaterMotion_Class : SubClass WaterMotion LiquidMotion ;
-
--- SI power measure. Symbol: W. A UnitOfMeasure 
--- that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by 
--- TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production 
--- of energy (or work) at the rate of one Joule per SecondDuration. 
--- Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(_3).
-fun Watt  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Agent to a 
--- CurrencyMeasure specifying the value of the property owned by the Agent. 
--- Note that this Function is generally used in conjunction with the 
--- Function PropertyFn, e.g. (WealthFn (PropertyFn BillGates)) would 
--- return the monetary value of the sum of Bill Gates' holdings.
-fun WealthFn  : El Agent -> Ind CurrencyMeasure ;
-
-
--- The Class of Devices that are designed 
--- primarily to damage or destroy Humans/Animals, StationaryArtifacts or 
--- the places inhabited by Humans/Animals.
-fun Weapon  : Class ;
-fun Weapon_Class : SubClass Weapon Device ;
-
--- WearableItem is the subclass of 
--- Artifacts that are made to be worn on the body.
-fun WearableItem  : Class ;
-fun WearableItem_Class : SubClass WearableItem Artifact ;
-
--- WeatherProcess is the broadest class of 
--- processes that involve weather, including weather seasons (not to be confused 
--- with instances of SeasonOfYear), weather systems, and short_term weather 
--- events.
-fun WeatherProcess  : Class ;
-fun WeatherProcess_Class : SubClass WeatherProcess Motion ;
-
--- SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the 
--- magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an
--- electromotive force of 1 Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform
--- rate in 1 SecondDuration. Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(_2)*A^(_1).
-fun Weber  : Ind CompositeUnitOfMeasure ;
-
-
--- Any Declaring that leads to one person being 
--- the spouse of another.
-fun Wedding  : Class ;
-fun Wedding_Class : SubClass Wedding Declaring ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.
-fun Wednesday  : Class ;
-fun Wednesday_Class : SubClass Wednesday Day ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar weeks.
-fun Week  : Class ;
-fun Week_Class : SubClass Week TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. A week's duration is seven days.
-fun WeekDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- The compass direction of West.
-fun West  : Ind DirectionalAttribute ;
-
-
--- An Attribute which indicates that the 
--- associated Object is fully saturated with a Liquid, i.e. 
--- every part of the Object has a subpart which is a Liquid.
-fun Wet  : Ind SaturationAttribute ;
-
-
--- The Class of Processes where a Liquid is 
--- added to an Object.
-fun Wetting  : Class ;
-fun Wetting_Class : SubClass Wetting Putting ;
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps an Object or 
--- Process to the exact TimeInterval during which it exists. Note 
--- that, for every TimePoint ?TIME outside of the TimeInterval 
--- (WhenFn ?THING), (time ?THING ?TIME) does not hold.
-fun WhenFn  : El Physical -> Ind TimeInterval ;
-
-
--- Maps an Object and a TimePoint at which the 
--- Object exists to the Region where the Object existed at that 
--- TimePoint.
-fun WhereFn  : El Physical -> El TimePoint -> Ind Region ;
-
-
--- The Attribute of being white in color.
-fun White  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
-
-
--- Any Motion of Air.
-fun Wind  : Class ;
-fun Wind_Class : SubClass Wind GasMotion ;
-
--- The class of Female Humans.
-fun Woman  : Class ;
-fun Woman_Class : SubClass Woman Human ;
-
--- A term of a Language that represents a concept.
-fun Word  : Class ;
-fun Word_Class : SubClass Word LinguisticExpression ;
-
--- Long, narrow, soft_bodied Invertebrates.
-fun Worm  : Class ;
-fun Worm_Class : SubClass Worm Invertebrate ;
-
--- A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which 
--- content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented 
--- mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both 
--- transcription and original creation of written Texts.
-fun Writing  : Class ;
-fun Writing_Class : SubClass Writing ContentDevelopment ;
-
--- The Class of all calendar Years.
-fun Year  : Class ;
-fun Year_Class : SubClass Year TimeInterval ;
-
--- Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year =
--- 365 days = 31536000 seconds.
-fun YearDuration  : Ind UnitOfDuration ;
-
-
--- A UnaryFunction that maps a number to the corresponding calendar 
--- Year. For example, (YearFn 1912) returns the Class containing just one instance, 
--- the year of 1912. As might be expected, positive integers return years in the Common Era, 
--- while negative integers return years in B.C.E. Note that this function returns a Class 
--- as a value. The reason for this is that the related functions, viz. MonthFn, DayFn, 
--- HourFn, MinuteFn, and SecondFn, are used to generate both specific TimeIntervals 
--- and recurrent intervals, and the only way to do this is to make the domains and ranges of 
--- these functions classes rather than individuals.
-fun YearFn : El Integer -> Desc Year ;
-
-
--- The Attribute of being yellow in color.
-fun Yellow  : Ind PrimaryColor ;
-
-
--- (abstractCounterpart ?AB ?PHYS
--- relates a Physical entity to an Abstract one which is an idealized
--- model in some dimension of the Physical entity. For example, an
--- Abstract GraphNode could be stated to be the counterpart of an 
--- actual Computer in a ComputerNetwork.
-fun abstractCounterpart  : El Abstract -> El Physical -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (acquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means that ?H1 has
--- met and knows something about ?H2, such as ?H2's name and appearance.
--- Statements made with this predicate should be temporally specified with
--- holdsDuring. Note that acquaintance is not symmetric. For the
--- symmetric version, see mutualAcquaintance.
-fun acquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Simply relates an Object to a ConstantQuantity 
--- specifying the age of the Object.
-fun age  : El Object -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is 
--- an active determinant, either animate or inanimate, of the Process 
--- ?PROCESS, with or without voluntary intention. For example, Eve is an 
--- agent in the following proposition: Eve bit an apple.
-fun agent  : El Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A TernaryPredicate that is
--- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
--- another point that is below the top of the Object (often this
--- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
--- used to specify, for example, the height of geographic features,
--- e.g. mountains, the altitude of aircraft, and the orbit of satellites
--- around the Earth.
-fun altitude  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The transitive closure of the parent predicate. 
--- (ancestor ?DESCENDANT ?ANCESTOR) means that ?ANCESTOR is either the 
--- parent of ?DESCENDANT or the parent of the parent of DESCENDANT or 
--- etc.
-fun ancestor  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?FIGURE) means that 
--- the TwoDimensionalAngle ?ANGLE is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
-fun angleOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (angularMeasure ?ANGLE ?MEASURE) means that 
--- the two_dimensional geometric angle ?ANGLE has the PlaneAngleMeasure of 
--- ?MEASURE.
-fun angularMeasure  : El TwoDimensionalAngle -> El PlaneAngleMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This predicate indicates the value of a 
--- GraphArc in a Graph. This could map to the length of a road in 
--- a road network or the flow rate of a pipe in a plumbing system.
-fun arcWeight  : El GraphArc -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (atomicNumber ?ELEMENT ?NUMBER) means that 
--- the ElementalSubstance ?ELEMENT has the atomic number ?NUMBER. The 
--- atomic number is the number of Protons in the nucleus of an Atom.
-fun atomicNumber : Desc ElementalSubstance -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (attends ?DEMO ?PERSON) means that ?PERSON attends, 
--- i.e. is a member of the audience, of the performance event ?DEMO.
-fun attends  : El Demonstrating -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that 
--- ?PROPERTY is a Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example, 
--- (attribute MyLittleRedWagon Red).
-fun attribute  : El Object -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (authors ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
--- creatively responsible for ?TEXT. For example, Agatha Christie is 
--- author of Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
-fun authors : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A partial function that relates a List to a 
--- RealNumber, provided that the List only has list elements that are 
--- RealNumbers. The RealNumber associated with the List is equal to the 
--- mathematical average of the RealNumbers in the List divided by the total
--- number of list elements.
-fun average  : El List -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (barometricPressure ?AREA ?PRESSURE) means that the atmospheric 
--- pressure measured at ?AREA is ?PRESSURE. Barometric pressure is 
--- typically expressed in units of InchMercury or MmMercury. For 
--- example, standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury: 
--- (barometricPressure SeaLevel (MeasureFn 29.92 InchMercury)).
-fun barometricPressure  : El Object -> El UnitOfAtmosphericPressure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
--- precedes ?POINT2 on the universal timeline.
-fun before  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (beforeOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 
--- is identical with ?POINT2 or occurs before it on the universal timeline.
-fun beforeOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The epistemic predicate of belief. 
--- (believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT believes the proposition 
--- expressed by ?FORMULA.
-fun believes  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (between ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that ?OBJ2 is 
--- spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3. Note that this implies that 
--- ?OBJ2 is directly between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3, i.e. the projections of ?OBJ1 
--- and ?OBJ3 overlap with ?OBJ2.
-fun between  : El Object -> El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
--- state from a Liquid to a Gas.
-fun boilingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT) holds if ?BOTTOM is the 
--- lowest or deepest maximal superficial part of ?OBJECT.
-fun bottom  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of being a brother. 
--- (brother ?MAN ?PERSON) means that ?MAN is the brother of ?PERSON.
-fun brother  : El Man -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The causation relation between instances of Process. 
--- (causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of Process ?PROCESS1 
--- brings about the instance of Process ?PROCESS2.
-fun causes  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (causesProposition ?FORMULA1
--- ?FORMULA2) means that the state of affairs described by ?FORMULA1
--- causes, or mechanistically brings about, the state of affairs
--- described by ?FORMULA2. Note that unlike entails, the time
--- during which ?FORMULA2 holds cannot precede the time during which
--- ?FORMULA1 holds, although ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 can hold
--- simultaneously. Note, also, that causesProposition is a
--- predicate, not a truth function. The following rule
--- (contraposition) does not hold: (=> (causesProp ?FORMULA1
--- ?FORMULA2) (causesProp (not ?FORMULA2) (not ?FORMULA1))).
-fun causesProposition  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The causation relation between subclasses of Process. 
--- (causesSubclass ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the subclass of Process ?PROCESS1 
--- brings about the subclass of Process ?PROCESS2, e.g. (causesSubclass Killing 
--- Death).
-fun causesSubclass : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the 
--- Human ?PERSON is a citizen of Nation ?NATION.
-fun citizen  : El Human -> El Nation -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
--- means that some part of the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. 
--- Note that if (completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part 
--- ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (completelyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). 
--- A complete filler of (a part of) a hole is connected with everything 
--- with which (that part of) the hole itself is connected. 
--- A perfect filler of (a part of) a hole completely fills every proper 
--- part of (that part of) that hole.
-fun completelyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A specialized common sense notion of part 
--- for heterogeneous parts of complexes. (component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) 
--- means that ?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component 
--- include the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a 
--- country, or the limbs and organs of an animal. Compare piece, which 
--- is also a subrelation of part.
-fun component  : El CorpuscularObject -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (conclusion ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that
--- the Proposition ?PROPOSITION is the conclusion explicitly drawn from the 
--- Argument ?ARGUMENT. Note that it may or may not be the case that ?ARGUMENT 
--- entails ?PROPOSITION.
-fun conclusion  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
--- conditionalProbability is used to state the numeric value of a conditional 
--- probability. (conditionalProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2 ?NUMBER) means 
--- that the probability of ?FORMULA2 being true given that ?FORMULA1 is true is 
--- ?NUMBER.
-fun conditionalProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> El RealNumber -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
--- an Entity, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity brings it about that 
--- the Formula has the ObjectiveNorm.
-fun confersNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses the relationship between a 
--- a Formula, an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity 
--- obligates the CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is 
--- true.
-fun confersObligation  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses the relationship between a Formula, 
--- an Entity, and a CognitiveAgent when the Entity authorizes the 
--- CognitiveAgent to bring it about that the Formula is true.
-fun confersRight  : Formula -> El Entity -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
--- meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.
-fun connected  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This is the most general 
--- connection relation between EngineeringComponents. If 
--- (connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2), then neither ?COMP1 nor 
--- ?COMP2 can be an engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation 
--- connectedEngineeringComponents is a SymmetricRelation, there is no 
--- information in the direction of connection between two components. It is 
--- also an IrreflexiveRelation, no EngineeringComponent bears this relation 
--- to itself. Note that this relation does not associate a name or type 
--- with the connection.
-fun connectedEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relationship between three things, when one of 
--- the three things connects the other two. More formally, (connects ?OBJ1 
--- ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3) means that (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3) 
--- and not (connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3).
-fun connects  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- connectsEngineeringComponents 
--- is a TernaryPredicate that maps from an EngineeringConnection to the 
--- EngineeringComponents it connects. Since EngineeringComponents cannot 
--- be connected to themselves and there cannot be an EngineeringConnection 
--- without a connectedEngineeringComponents Predicate, the second and third 
--- arguments of any connectsEngineeringComponents relationship will always be 
--- distinct for any given first argument.
-fun connectsEngineeringComponents  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT 
--- considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by 
--- ?FORMULA.
-fun considers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two 
--- Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another, i.e. it 
--- is possible for both of them to be true at the same time.
-fun consistent  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relation of spatial containment for two 
--- separable objects. When the two objects are not separable (e.g. an 
--- automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used. 
--- (contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the SelfConnectedObject ?OBJ1 has 
--- a space (i.e. a Hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2.
-fun contains  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A subrelation of represents. This 
--- predicate relates a ContentBearingPhysical to the Proposition that is 
--- expressed by the ContentBearingPhysical. Examples include the relationships 
--- between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its 
--- musical content.
-fun containsInformation  : El ContentBearingPhysical -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A contraryAttribute is a set of Attributes 
--- such that something can not simultaneously have more than one of these Attributes. 
--- For example, (contraryAttribute Pliable Rigid) means that nothing can be both 
--- Pliable and Rigid.
-fun contraryAttribute  : [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (cooccur ?THING1 ?THING2) means that the 
--- Object or Process ?THING1 occurs at the same time as, together with, 
--- or jointly with the Object or Process ?THING2. This covers the 
--- following temporal relations: is co_incident with, is concurrent with, 
--- is contemporaneous with, and is concomitant with.
-fun cooccur  : El Physical -> El Physical -> Formula ;
-
-
--- relates an Object to an exact copy of the 
--- Object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original 
--- with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal 
--- location.
-fun copy  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (crosses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
--- Object ?OBJ1 traverses Object ?OBJ2, without being connected 
--- to it.
-fun crosses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate that specifies a 
--- TimePosition in absolute calendar time, at the resolution 
--- of one day, for a particular Object or Process.
-fun date  : El Physical -> El Day -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of daughterhood. 
--- (daughter ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological daughter
--- of ?PARENT.
-fun daughter  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
--- (decreasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is less 
--- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
-fun decreasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses the relationship between an 
--- Entity, a Formula, and an ObjectiveNorm when the Entity 
--- brings it about that the Formula does not have the ObjectiveNorm.
-fun deprivesNorm  : El Entity -> Formula -> El ObjectiveNorm -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A TernaryPredicate that is
--- used to state the distance between the top of an Object and
--- another point that is above the top of the Object (often this
--- other point will be sea level). Note that this Predicate can be
--- used to specify, for example, the depth of marine life or submarines,
--- for example.
-fun depth  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants 
--- to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there 
--- is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. 
--- Note too that desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former 
--- is a PropositionalAttitude, while wants is an ObjectAttitude.
-fun desires  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (destination ?PROCESS ?GOAL) means that 
--- ?GOAL is the target or goal of the Process ?PROCESS. For example, 
--- Danbury would be the destination in the following proposition: Bob went 
--- to Danbury. Note that this is a very general CaseRole and, in 
--- particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'. 
--- Thus, John would be the destination in the following proposition: 
--- Tom gave a book to John.
-fun destination  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (developmentalForm ?OBJECT ?FORM) 
--- means that ?FORM is an earlier stage in the individual maturation of 
--- ?OBJECT. For example, tadpole and caterpillar are developmentalForms 
--- of frogs and butterflies, respectively.
-fun developmentalForm  : El OrganicObject -> El DevelopmentalAttribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (diameter ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the diameter 
--- of the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
-fun diameter  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (direction ?PROC ?ATTR) means that the 
--- Process ?PROC is moving in the direction ?ATTR. For example, one 
--- would use this Predicate to represent the fact that Max is moving 
--- North.
-fun direction  : El Process -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Classes are disjoint only if they share no 
--- instances, i.e. just in case the result of applying IntersectionFn to
--- them is empty.
-fun disjoint  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A disjointDecomposition of a Class 
--- C is a set of subclasses of C that are mutually disjoint.
-fun disjointDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (distance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?QUANT) means that the 
--- shortest distance between the two objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 is ?QUANT. Note 
--- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
--- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
--- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
--- separates two distinct objects.
-fun distance  : El Physical -> El Physical -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A relation between objects 
--- in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text stated in 
--- a particular HumanLanguage. The domain of documentation is not 
--- constants (names), but the objects themselves. This means that one does 
--- not quote the names when associating them with their documentation.
-fun documentation  : El Entity -> El HumanLanguage -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the 
--- duration of the TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this 
--- Predicate can be used in conjunction with the Function WhenFn 
--- to specify the duration of any instance of Physical.
-fun duration  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
--- ?INTERVAL1 starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2.
-fun during  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
--- the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 
--- begins.
-fun earlier  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (editor ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is 
--- an editor of ?TEXT.
-fun editor : El Agent -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case 
--- ?ENTITY is contained in the Set ?SET. An Entity can be an element 
--- of another Entity only if the latter is a Set.
-fun element  : El Entity -> El Set -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has 
--- hired ?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON, on a salaried, hourly 
--- or contractual basis, to provide services in exchange for monetary 
--- compensation.
-fun employs  : El Organization -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB 
--- ?SUPER) means that the EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a 
--- properPart of ?SUPER. This relation is an AsymmetricRelation, since 
--- two EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.
-fun engineeringSubcomponent  : El EngineeringComponent -> El EngineeringComponent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The operator of logical entailment. (entails 
--- ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 can be derived from ?FORMULA1 
--- by means of the proof theory of SUO_KIF.
-fun entails  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (equal ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2) is true just in case 
--- ?ENTITY1 is identical with ?ENTITY2.
-fun equal  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate that relates two 
--- subclasses of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 
--- ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1 is 
--- also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2, and vice versa. An example 
--- would be the relationship between English and Russian editions of Agatha 
--- Christie's 'Murder on the Orient Express'. Note that 
--- (equivalentContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) implies (subsumesContentClass 
--- ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) and (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS2 ?CLASS1).
-fun equivalentContentClass  : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
--- instances of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentInstance 
--- ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to 
--- the content expressed by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship 
--- between a handwritten draft of a letter to one's lawyer and a typed 
--- copy of the same letter. Note that (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 
--- ?OBJ2) implies (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and 
--- (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2).
-fun equivalentContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The actual, minimal location of an 
--- Object. This is a subrelation of the more general Predicate 
--- located.
-fun exactlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This predicate relates a Class to a 
--- set of Attributes, and it means that the elements of this set exhaust the 
--- instances of the Class. For example, (exhaustiveAttribute PhysicalState 
--- Solid Fluid Liquid Gas Plasma) means that there are only five instances of 
--- the class PhysicalState, viz. Solid, Fluid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma.
-fun exhaustiveAttribute : Desc Attribute -> [El Attribute] -> Formula ;
-
-
--- An exhaustiveDecomposition of a 
--- Class C is a set of subclasses of C such that every instance of C is an 
--- instance of one of the subclasses in the set. Note: this does not necessarily 
--- mean that the elements of the set are disjoint (see partition _ a partition 
--- is a disjoint exhaustive decomposition).
-fun exhaustiveDecomposition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (experiencer ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means 
--- that ?AGENT experiences the Process ?PROCESS. For example, Yojo 
--- is the experiencer of seeing in the following proposition: Yojo 
--- sees the fish. Note that experiencer, unlike agent, does 
--- not entail a causal relation between its arguments.
-fun experiencer  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT) means that ?OBJ is used 
--- by ?AGENT as a resource in an unspecified instance of Process. This 
--- Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the 
--- relations agent and resource.
-fun exploits  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANG) 
--- means that the LinguisticExpression ?EXPRESS is part of the Language 
--- ?LANG.
-fun expressedInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (faces ?OBJ ?DIRECTION) means that the front of 
--- ?OBJ (see FrontFn) is positioned towards the compass direction ?DIRECTION. 
--- More precisely, it means that if a line were extended from the center of 
--- ?DIRECTION, the line would intersect with the front of ?OBJ before it 
--- intersected with its back (see BackFn).
-fun faces  : El Object -> El DirectionalAttribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate for biological 
--- relationships. (familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2) means that 
--- ?ORGANISM1 and ?ORGANISM2 are biologically derived from a common ancestor.
-fun familyRelation  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of fatherhood. 
--- (father ?CHILD ?FATHER) means that ?FATHER is the biological father
--- of ?CHILD.
-fun father  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Holes can be filled. (fills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
--- means that the Object ?OBJ fills the Hole ?HOLE. Note that 
--- fills here means perfectly filled. Perfect fillers and fillable entities have no parts in common (rather, 
--- they may occupy the same spatial region).
-fun fills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
--- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
--- ending TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1.
-fun finishes  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (frequency ?PROC ?TIME) means that the 
--- Process type of ?PROC recurs after every interval of ?TIME.
-fun frequency : Desc Process -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE) 
--- means that the GeographicArea ?PART is part of the GeographicArea 
--- ?WHOLE.
-fun geographicSubregion  : El GeographicArea -> El GeographicArea -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (geometricDistance ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
--- ?LENGTH) means that ?LENGTH is the distance between the two 
--- GeometricPoints ?POINT1 and ?POINT2.
-fun geometricDistance  : El GeometricPoint -> El GeometricPoint -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (geometricPart ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the 
--- GeometricFigure ?PART is part of the GeometricFigure ?WHOLE.
-fun geometricPart  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (geopoliticalSubdivision 
--- ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is any geopolitical part of ?AREA2, 
--- that is, ?AREA1 is an integral geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 (not a 
--- DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea), having its own associated 
--- GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by 
--- the government of ?AREA2. Cf. dependentGeopoliticalArea.
-fun geopoliticalSubdivision  : El GeopoliticalArea -> El GeopoliticalArea -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (graphMeasure ?GRAPH ?MEAS) fixes a 
--- UnitOfMeasure that is used for the arcWeight of a given Graph. Stating 
--- such a relationship entails that the components of given graph are the 
--- abstractCounterparts of sets of Physical Entity(ies).
-fun graphMeasure  : El Graph -> El UnitOfMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A basic relation for Graphs and their 
--- parts. (graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH) means that ?PART is a GraphArc 
--- or GraphNode of the Graph ?GRAPH.
-fun graphPart  : El GraphElement -> El Graph -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The state of grasping an Object. (grasps 
--- ?ANIMAL ?OBJ) means that the Animal ?ANIMAL is intentionally holding 
--- on to the Object ?OBJ.
-fun grasps  : El Animal -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (greaterThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true 
--- just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater than the Quantity 
--- ?NUMBER2.
-fun greaterThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (greaterThanByQuality 
--- ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?ATT) means that ?ENTITY1 has more of the given
--- quality ?ATT than ?ENTITY2)
-fun greaterThanByQuality  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 
--- ?NUMBER2) is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is greater 
--- than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
-fun greaterThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This Predicate expresses the concept of a 
--- conventional goal, i.e. a goal with a neutralized agent's intention. 
--- Accordingly, (hasPurpose ?THING ?FORMULA) means that the instance of 
--- Physical ?THING has, as its purpose, the Proposition expressed by 
--- ?FORMULA. Note that there is an important difference in meaning between 
--- the Predicates hasPurpose and result. Although the second argument 
--- of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, 
--- a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result 
--- may be neither expected nor desired. For example, a machine process may 
--- have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no 
--- goal, a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on.
-fun hasPurpose  : El Physical -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses a cognitive attitude of an 
--- agent with respect to a particular instance of Physical. More precisely, 
--- (hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?FORMULA ?AGENT) means that the purpose of 
--- ?THING for ?AGENT is the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Very complex 
--- issues are involved here. In particular, the rules of inference of the 
--- first order predicate calculus are not truth_preserving for the second 
--- argument position of this Predicate.
-fun hasPurposeForAgent  : El Physical -> Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Similar to the capability Predicate 
--- with the additional restriction that the ability be practised/
--- demonstrated to some measurable degree.
-fun hasSkill : Desc Process -> El Agent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The height of an Object is the distance between 
--- its top and its bottom.
-fun height  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA) means that the 
--- proposition denoted by ?FORMULA is true in the time frame ?TIME. Note 
--- that this implies that ?FORMULA is true at every TimePoint which is a 
--- temporalPart of ?TIME.
-fun holdsDuring  : El TimePosition -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses a relationship between a 
--- Formula and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has 
--- the obligation to bring it about that the Formula is true.
-fun holdsObligation  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Expresses a relationship between a Formula 
--- and a CognitiveAgent whereby the CognitiveAgent has the right to 
--- bring it about that the Formula is true.
-fun holdsRight  : Formula -> El CognitiveAgent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) means that ?HOLE is a 
--- Hole in ?OBJ. A Hole is a fillable body located at the 
--- surface an Object.
-fun hole  : El Hole -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relation between a Human and a PermanentResidence 
--- of the Human.
-fun home  : El Human -> El PermanentResidence -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (husband ?MAN ?WOMAN) means that ?MAN is the 
--- husband of ?WOMAN.
-fun husband  : El Man -> El Woman -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (identicalListItems ?LIST1 ?LIST2) 
--- means that ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 have exactly the same items in their 
--- respective lists. Although ?LIST1 and ?LIST2 are required to share 
--- exactly the same items, they may order these items differently.
-fun identicalListItems  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A SetOrClass ?CLASS1 is an immediateSubclass 
--- of another SetOrClass ?CLASS2 just in case ?CLASS1 is a subclass of ?CLASS2 and 
--- there is no other subclass of ?CLASS2 such that ?CLASS1 is also a subclass of it.
-fun immediateSubclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The analog of element and instance for Lists. 
--- (inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the List ?LIST. For example, 
--- (inList Tuesday (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would be true.
-fun inList  : El Entity -> El List -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate. 
--- (inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the 
--- scope of interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be 
--- either positive or negative, i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in 
--- avoiding or promoting ?ENTITY.
-fun inScopeOfInterest  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
--- (increasesLikelihood ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that ?FORMULA2 is more 
--- likely to be true if ?FORMULA1 is true.
-fun increasesLikelihood  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- One of the basic ProbabilityRelations. 
--- (independentProbability ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that the probabilities of 
--- ?FORMULA1 and ?FORMULA2 being true are independent.
-fun independentProbability  : Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very basic notion of living within something 
--- else. (inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is the residence 
--- (either permanent or temporary), nest, etc. of ?ORGANISM.
-fun inhabits  : El Organism -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate. (inhibits 
--- ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that the Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders 
--- the occurrence of the Process ?PROC2. For example, obstructing an 
--- object inhibits moving it. Note that this is a relation between types 
--- of Processes, not between instances.
-fun inhibits : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL 
--- is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not 
--- changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the 
--- following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument 
--- and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.
-fun instrument  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
--- that ?OBJ1 is part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and 
--- any superficialPart ?OBJ2.
-fun interiorPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (involvedInEvent ?EVENT ?THING) means 
--- that in the Process ?EVENT, the Entity ?THING plays some CaseRole.
-fun involvedInEvent  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows 
--- ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by 
--- ?FORMULA. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this 
--- Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or 
--- unconscious knowledge.
-fun knows  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is 
--- larger, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
-fun larger  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON)
--- means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.
-fun leader  : El Agent -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means 
--- that ?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. 
--- Some examples include marriage, adoption, etc.
-fun legalRelation  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
--- of an Object along its longest span.
-fun length  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) is true just 
--- in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
-fun lessThan  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
--- is true just in case the Quantity ?NUMBER1 is less than or equal to 
--- the Quantity ?NUMBER2.
-fun lessThanOrEqualTo  : El Quantity -> El Quantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (lineMeasure ?LINE ?MEASURE) means that the 
--- straight line ?LINE has the LengthMeasure of ?MEASURE.
-fun lineMeasure  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
--- of an Object from one point to another point along its surface. Note 
--- that the difference between the predicates length and distance is that 
--- the length is used to state the LengthMeasure of one of the dimensions of 
--- a single object, while distance is used to state the LengthMeasure that 
--- separates two distinct objects.
-fun linearExtent  : El Object -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- a TernaryPredicate that specifies the 
--- GraphArc connecting two GraphNodes.
-fun links  : El GraphNode -> El GraphNode -> El GraphArc -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (located ?PHYS ?OBJ) means that ?PHYS is partlyLocated 
--- at ?OBJ, and there is no part or subProcess of ?PHYS that is not located at 
--- ?OBJ.
-fun located  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (manner ?PROCESS ?MANNER) means that the 
--- Process ?PROCESS is qualified by the Attribute ?MANNER. The Attributes 
--- of Processes are usually denoted by adverbs and include things like the 
--- speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports 
--- competition.
-fun manner  : El Process -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that 
--- ?OBJECT is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation 
--- encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'. 
--- For example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor. Compare 
--- part and its subrelations, viz component and piece.
-fun material : Desc Substance -> El CorpuscularObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate for
--- asserting that a particular Object is measured by a particular
--- PhysicalQuantity. In general, the second argument of this
--- Predicate will be a term produced with the Function MeasureFn.
-fun measure  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (meetsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
--- ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 are connected but that neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
--- overlapsSpatially the other.
-fun meetsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (meetsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) 
--- means that the terminal point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 is the 
--- initial point of the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2.
-fun meetsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The temperature at which a PureSubstance changes
--- state from a Solid to a Liquid. Note that Arsenic can sublimate directly
--- from Solid to Gas which means that its melting and boiling points are equal.
-fun meltingPoint : Desc PureSubstance -> El TemperatureMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
--- uniform parts of Collections. For example, each sheep in a flock of 
--- sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock.
-fun member  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El Collection -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryRelation that is used to state the 
--- normative force of a Proposition. (modalAttribute ?FORMULA ?PROP) means 
--- that the Proposition expressed by ?FORMULA has the NormativeAttribute 
--- ?PROP. For example, (modalAttribute (exists (?ACT ?OBJ) (and 
--- (instance ?ACT Giving) (agent ?ACT John) (patient ?ACT ?OBJ) 
--- (destination ?ACT Tom))) Obligation) means that John is obligated to give 
--- Tom something.
-fun modalAttribute  : Formula -> El NormativeAttribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate that associates an 
--- Object or Process with its value expressed as an instance of 
--- CurrencyMeasure.
-fun monetaryValue  : El Physical -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of motherhood. 
--- (mother ?CHILD ?MOTHER) means that ?MOTHER is the biological mother 
--- of ?CHILD.
-fun mother  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (multiplicativeFactor ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2) 
--- means that ?NUMBER1 is a factor of ?NUMBER2, i.e. ?NUMBER1 can be multiplied by 
--- some Integer to give ?NUMBER2 as a result.
-fun multiplicativeFactor  : El Integer -> El Integer -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (mutualAcquaintance ?H1 ?H2) means
--- that ?H1 and ?H2 have met each other and know something about each other,
--- such as name and appearance. Statements made with this predicate should
--- be temporally specified with holdsDuring. See also the weaker,
--- non_symmetric version of this predicate, acquaintance.
-fun mutualAcquaintance  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY 
--- has the SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that names and represents 
--- are the two immediate subrelations of refers. The predicate names is used 
--- when the referring item is merely a tag without connotative content, while the 
--- predicate represents is used for referring items that have such content.
-fun names  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is 
--- physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.
-fun needs  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG) 
--- means that ?PERSON holds the Position ?POSITION at Organization ?ORG. 
--- For example, (occupiesPosition TomSmith ResearchDirector 
--- AcmeLaboratory) means that TomSmith is a research director at Acme Labs.
-fun occupiesPosition  : El Human -> El Position -> El Organization -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A general Predicate for indicating how two 
--- Objects are oriented with respect to one another. For example, 
--- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 North) means that ?OBJ1 is north of ?OBJ2, and 
--- (orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Vertical) means that ?OBJ1 is positioned 
--- vertically with respect to ?OBJ2.
-fun orientation  : El Object -> El Object -> El PositionalAttribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE 
--- indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies 
--- that ?SOURCE is present at the beginning of the process, but need not 
--- participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the 
--- origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a 
--- submarine.
-fun origin  : El Process -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
--- that ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have part(s) in common, but neither ?OBJ1 nor ?OBJ2 
--- is a part of the other.
-fun overlapsPartially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means 
--- that the Objects ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ2 have some parts in common. This is a 
--- reflexive and symmetric (but not transitive) relation.
-fun overlapsSpatially  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 
--- ?INTERVAL2) means that the TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 
--- have a TimeInterval as a common part.
-fun overlapsTemporally  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (parallel ?LINE1 ?LINE2) means that the 
--- OneDimensionalFigures ?LINE1 and ?LINE2 are parallel to one another, 
--- i.e. they are equidistant from one another at every point.
-fun parallel  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of parenthood. 
--- (parent ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?PARENT is a biological parent 
--- of ?CHILD.
-fun parent  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The basic mereological relation. All other 
--- mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. 
--- (part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the Object ?PART is part
--- of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since part is a 
--- ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself.
-fun part  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) means that 
--- ?OBJ completelyFills some part of ?HOLE. Note that if (partiallyFills 
--- ?OBJ1 ?HOLE) and (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2), then (partiallyFills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE). 
--- Note too that a partial filler need not be wholly inside a hole (it may 
--- stick out), which means that every complete filler also qualifies as 
--- (is a limit case of) a partial one.
-fun partiallyFills  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A partition of a class C is a set of 
--- mutually disjoint classes (a subclass partition) which covers C. 
--- Every instance of C is an instance of exactly one of the subclasses 
--- in the partition.
-fun partition  : Class -> [Class] -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (partlyLocated ?THING ?OBJ) means that the 
--- instance of Physical ?THING is at least partially located at ?OBJ. For 
--- example, Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. 
--- Note that partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located 
--- is an immediate subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is 
--- an immediate subrelation of located.
-fun partlyLocated  : El Physical -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (path ?MOTION ?PATH) means that ?PATH is a route 
--- along which ?MOTION occurs. For example, Highway 101 is the path in the 
--- following proposition: the car drove up Highway 101.
-fun path  : El Motion -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate that specifies the 
--- length (in number of GraphNodes) of a GraphPath.
--- (pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER) means that there are ?NUMBER nodes in 
--- the GraphPath ?PATH.
-fun pathLength  : El GraphPath -> El PositiveInteger -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY 
--- is a participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved, said, experienced, etc. 
--- For example, the direct objects in the sentences 'The cat swallowed the 
--- canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients. Note 
--- that the patient of a Process may or may not undergo structural 
--- change as a result of the Process. The CaseRole of patient is used 
--- when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the object of a 
--- Process.
-fun patient  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (penetrates ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
--- ?OBJ1 is connected to ?OBJ2 along at least one whole dimension (length, 
--- width or depth).
-fun penetrates  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A specialized common sense notion of part for 
--- arbitrary parts of Substances. Quasi_synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, 
--- etc. Compare component, another subrelation of part.
-fun piece  : El Substance -> El Substance -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (pointOfFigure ?POINT ?FIGURE) means that 
--- the GeometricPoint ?POINT is part of the GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.
-fun pointOfFigure  : El GeometricFigure -> El GeometricFigure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (pointOfIntersection ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 
--- ?POINT) means that the two straight lines ?FIGURE1 and ?FIGURE2 meet at the 
--- point ?POINT.
-fun pointOfIntersection  : El OneDimensionalFigure -> El OneDimensionalFigure -> El GeometricPoint -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Relation that holds between an Agent and 
--- an Object when the Agent has ownership of the Object.
-fun possesses  : El Agent -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate. (precondition 
--- ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an 
--- instance of ?PROC1 also exists.
-fun precondition : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (prefers ?AGENT ?FORMULA1 ?FORMULA2) means that 
--- CognitiveAgent ?AGENT prefers the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA1
--- over the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA2 all things being equal.
-fun prefers  : El CognitiveAgent -> Formula -> Formula -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (premise ?ARGUMENT ?PROPOSITION) means that the 
--- Proposition ?PROPOSITION is an explicit assumption of the Argument 
--- ?ARGUMENT.
-fun premise  : El Argument -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general Predicate. (prevents ?PROC1 
--- ?PROC2) means that ?PROC1 prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other 
--- words, if ?PROC1 is occurring in a particular time and place, ?PROC2 
--- cannot occur at the same time and place. For example, innoculating 
--- prevents contracting disease. Note that this is a relation between types 
--- of Processes, not between instances.
-fun prevents : Desc Process -> Desc Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that 
--- ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a 
--- TransitiveRelation and AsymmetricRelation (hence an 
--- IrreflexiveRelation).
-fun properPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE) 
--- means that ?HOLE is properly (though perhaps incompletely) filled by 
--- ?OBJ, i.e. some part of ?HOLE is perfectly filled by ?OBJ. Note that 
--- properlyFills is the dual of completelyFills, and is so 
--- related to partiallyFills that ?OBJ properlyFills ?HOLE just in 
--- case ?OBJ partiallyFills every part of ?HOLE. (Thus, every perfect 
--- filler is both complete and proper in this sense). 
--- Every hole is connected with everything with which a proper filler 
--- of the hole is connected. Every proper part of a perfect filler of (a part of) a hole properly 
--- fills (that part of) that hole.
-fun properlyFills  : El Object -> El Hole -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This Predicate holds between an instance of 
--- Entity and an instance of Attribute. (property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) 
--- means that ?ENTITY has the Attribute ?ATTR.
-fun property  : El Entity -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (publishes ?ORG ?TEXT) means that ?ORG 
--- publishes ?TEXT. For example, Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christie's 
--- Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
-fun publishes : El Organization -> Desc Text -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (radius ?CIRCLE ?LENGTH) means that the radius of 
--- the Circle ?CIRCLE has a length of ?LENGTH.
-fun radius  : El Circle -> El LengthMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A subrelation of represents. 
--- (realization ?PROCESS ?PROP) means that ?PROCESS is a Process which 
--- expresses the content of ?PROP. Examples include a particular musical 
--- performance, which realizes the content of a musical score, or the 
--- reading of a poem.
-fun realization  : El Process -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
--- mentions or includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that refers is 
--- more general in meaning than represents, because presumably something 
--- can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. 
--- For example, an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of 
--- oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, 
--- the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options 
--- for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, 
--- etc.
-fun refers  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (relatedEvent ?EVENT1 ?EVENT2) means 
--- that the Process ?EVENT1 is related to the Process ?EVENT2. The 
--- relationship is between separate individual events, not events and 
--- their subprocesses. On the other hand, two subProcesses of the same 
--- overarching event may be relatedEvents. The argument order does not 
--- imply temporal ordering.
-fun relatedEvent  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Used to signify a three_place 
--- relation between a concept in an external knowledge source, a concept 
--- in the SUMO, and the name of the other knowledge source.
-fun relatedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Means that the two arguments are 
--- related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity 
--- of meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO 
--- concept and a concept from another source, use the Predicate 
--- relatedExternalConcept.
-fun relatedInternalConcept  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (relative ?O1 ?O2) means that ?O1
--- and ?O2 are relatives, whether through common ancestry (consanguinity),
--- someone's marriage (affinity), or someone's adoption. This definition is
--- intentionally broad, so as to capture a wide array of `familial'
--- relations. The notion of who counts as `family' also varies between
--- cultures, but that aspect of meaning is not addressed here.
-fun relative  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general semiotics Predicate. 
--- (represents ?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates, 
--- expresses, connotes, pictures, describes, etc. ?ENTITY. The Predicates 
--- containsInformation and realization are subrelations of represents. 
--- Note that represents is a subrelation of refers, since something can 
--- represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. See the 
--- documentation string for names.
-fun represents  : El Entity -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general predicate. 
--- (representsForAgent ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2 ?AGENT) means that the ?AGENT 
--- chooses to use ?ENTITY1 to 'stand for' ?ENTITY2.
-fun representsForAgent  : El Entity -> El Entity -> El Agent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A very general predicate. 
--- (representsInLanguage ?THING ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE) means that the 
--- LinguisticExpression ?THING stands for ?ENTITY in the Language 
--- ?LANGUAGE.
-fun representsInLanguage  : El LinguisticExpression -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
-fun resourceS  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
--- (result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is 
--- a product of ?ACTION. For example, house is a result in the 
--- following proposition: Eric built a house.
-fun result  : El Process -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relationship between two Organisms that 
--- have the same mother and father. Note that this relationship does 
--- not hold between half_brothers, half_sisters, etc.
-fun sibling  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (side ?SIDE ?OBJECT) means that ?SIDE is a side of the object, 
--- as opposed to the top or bottom.
-fun side  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of being a sister. 
--- (sister ?WOMAN ?PERSON) means that ?WOMAN is the sister of ?PERSON.
-fun sister  : El Woman -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (smaller ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
--- is smaller, with respect to all LengthMeasures, than ?OBJ2.
-fun smaller  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The general relationship of being a son. 
--- (son ?CHILD ?PARENT) means that ?CHILD is the biological 
--- son of ?PARENT.
-fun son  : El Organism -> El Organism -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relationship of marriage between two Humans.
-fun spouse  : El Human -> El Human -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that 
--- ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same 
--- initial TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.
-fun starts  : El TimeInterval -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relation between a Human and a TemporaryResidence 
--- of the Human.
-fun stays  : El Human -> El TemporaryResidence -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Means that the second argument can be 
--- ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it.
-fun subAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that 
--- the Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the Collection ?COLL2.
-fun subCollection  : El Collection -> El Collection -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The relation between two Graphs when one 
--- Graph is a part of the other. (subGraph ?GRAPH1 ?GRAPH2) means 
--- that ?GRAPH1 is a part of ?GRAPH2.
-fun subGraph  : El Graph -> El Graph -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a 
--- sublist of ?LIST2, i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and 
--- the elements that are common to both Lists have the same order in both 
--- Lists. Elements that are common to both Lists and are consecutive in one 
--- list must also be consecutive in the other list. (Therefore _ the list of 
--- prime numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 5 7] is not a subList of the 
--- natural numbers smaller than 10 [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]).
-fun subList  : El List -> El List -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means 
--- that ?ORG1 is an Organization which is a part of the Organization 
--- ?ORG2. Note that subOrganization is a ReflexiveRelation, so every 
--- Organization is a subOrganization of itself.
-fun subOrganization  : El Organization -> El Organization -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 
--- is a Plan which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally 
--- used to relate a supporting Plan to the overall Plan in a particular 
--- context.
-fun subPlan  : El Plan -> El Plan -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC 
--- is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally 
--- distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process.
-fun subProcess  : El Process -> El Process -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that 
--- ?PROP1 is a Proposition which is a proper part of the Proposition ?PROP2. 
--- In other words, subProposition is the analogue of properPart for chunks 
--- of abstract content.
-fun subProposition  : El Proposition -> El Proposition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subSystem ?SUB ?SYSTEM) means that the 
--- PhysicalSystem ?SUB is a part of the PhysicalSystem ?SYSTEM.
-fun subSystem  : El PhysicalSystem -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2) means that ?CLASS1 is 
--- a subclass of ?CLASS2, i.e. every instance of ?CLASS1 is also an instance of 
--- ?CLASS2. A class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses.
-fun subclass  : El SetOrClass -> El SetOrClass -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subset ?SET1 ?SET2) is true just in case the 
--- elements of the Set ?SET1 are also elements of the Set ?SET2.
-fun subset  : El Set -> El Set -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subsumedExternalConcept 
--- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING is subsumed 
--- by the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is narrower 
--- in meaning than ?STRING.
-fun subsumedExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate that relates two 
--- subclasses of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 
--- ?CLASS2) means that the content expressed by each instance of ?CLASS2 is 
--- also expressed by each instance of ?CLASS1. Examples include the 
--- relationship between a poem and one of its stanzas or between a book and 
--- one of its chapters. Note that this is a relation between subclasses of 
--- ContentBearingObject, rather than instances. If one wants to relate 
--- instances, the Predicate subsumesContentInstance can be used. Note 
--- that subsumesContentClass is needed in many cases. Consider, for 
--- example, the relation between the King James edition of the Bible and its 
--- Book of Genesis. This relation holds for every copy of this edition and 
--- not just for a single instance.
-fun subsumesContentClass : Desc ContentBearingObject -> Desc ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- A BinaryPredicate relating two 
--- instances of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
--- means that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed 
--- by ?OBJ1. An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and 
--- one of its stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances, 
--- rather than Classes. If one wants to assert a content relationship 
--- between Classes, e.g. between the version of an intellectual work and a 
--- part of that work, the relation subsumesContentClass should be used.
-fun subsumesContentInstance  : El ContentBearingObject -> El ContentBearingObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (subsumingExternalConcept 
--- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING subsumes 
--- the meaning of ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE, i.e. the concept ?THING is broader 
--- in meaning than ?STRING.
-fun subsumingExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) 
--- means that ?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after ?ATTR1 
--- on the scale that they share.
-fun successorAttribute  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The transitive closure of 
--- successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2) means 
--- that there is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting 
--- ?ATTR1 and ?ATTR2.
-fun successorAttributeClosure  : El Attribute -> El Attribute -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) 
--- means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own 
--- (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are 
--- externally connected with the mereological complement of ?OBJ2). This too 
--- is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and 
--- MereologicalProductFn.
-fun superficialPart  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
--- is a maximally connected superficialPart of ?OBJ2. Note that some 
--- SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow 
--- object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface.
-fun surface  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (synonymousExternalConcept 
--- ?STRING ?THING ?LANGUAGE) means that the SUMO concept ?THING has the 
--- same meaning as ?STRING in ?LANGUAGE.
-fun synonymousExternalConcept  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> El Language -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (systemPart ?PART ?SYSTEM) means that 
--- the Physical thing ?PART is a SystemElement in the PhysicalSystem 
--- ?SYSTEM.
-fun systemPart  : El Physical -> El PhysicalSystem -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The temporal analogue of the spatial part 
--- predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 
--- is part of TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a 
--- ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.
-fun temporalPart  : El TimePosition -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (temporallyBetween ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
--- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT2 is between the TimePoints 
--- ?POINT1 and ?POINT3, i.e. ?POINT1 is before ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before 
--- ?POINT3.
-fun temporallyBetween  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (temporallyBetweenOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT2 
--- ?POINT3) means that the TimePoint ?POINT1 is before or equal to the 
--- TimePoint ?POINT2 and ?POINT2 is before or equal to the TimePoint 
--- ?POINT3.
-fun temporallyBetweenOrEqual  : El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> El TimePoint -> Formula ;
-
-
--- This relation holds between an instance of 
--- Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal 
--- lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time
--- ?THING ?TIME) means that ?THING existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note 
--- that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does 
--- for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are 
--- the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively.
-fun time  : El Physical -> El TimePosition -> Formula ;
-
-
-fun toInt : Int -> Ind Integer ;
-
-fun toRealNum : Float -> Ind RealNumber ;
-
--- (top ?TOP ?OBJECT) means that ?TOP is the highest maximal 
--- superficial part of ?OBJECT.
-fun top  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El SelfConnectedObject -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION 
--- ?AMOUNT) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of CurrencyMeasure being 
--- exhanged in the FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.
-fun transactionAmount  : El FinancialTransaction -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (traverses ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 
--- crosses or extends across ?OBJ2. Note that crosses and 
--- penetrates are subrelations of traverses.
-fun traverses  : El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The BinaryPredicate that relates a Sentence 
--- to its TruthValue.
-fun truth  : El Sentence -> El TruthValue -> Formula ;
-
-
--- The class of names that uniquely identify 
--- an instance of Entity. Some examples of uniqueIdentifiers are the keys 
--- of tables in database applications and the ISBN (International Standard Book 
--- Number).
-fun uniqueIdentifier  : El SymbolicString -> El Entity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by 
--- ?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, 
--- as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles 
--- agent and instrument.
-fun uses  : El Object -> El Agent -> Formula ;
-
-
--- Some Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete 
--- stages or versions. (version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 
--- is a version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this Predicate relates subclasses of 
--- Artifact and not instances.
-fun version : Desc Artifact -> Desc Artifact -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, 
--- i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is 
--- no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.
-fun wants  : El CognitiveAgent -> El Physical -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (wears ?AGENT ?CLOTHING) means that ?AGENT is wearing 
--- the item of Clothing ?CLOTHING.
-fun wears  : El Animal -> El Clothing -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (weight ?O ?MM) means that on planet earth
--- the SelfConnectedObject ?O has the weight ?MM.
-fun weight  : El SelfConnectedObject -> El MassMeasure -> Formula ;
-
-
--- BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure 
--- of an Object from side to side at its widest span.
-fun width  : El Object -> El PhysicalQuantity -> Formula ;
-
-
--- (wife ?WOMAN ?MAN) means that ?WOMAN is the wife of 
--- ?MAN.
-fun wife  : El Woman -> El Man -> Formula ;
 }
author	krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se>	2010-06-06 11:06:44 +0000
committer	krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se>	2010-06-06 11:06:44 +0000
commit	455d9558417a759fae3ccbe5cde5c9f5064a08d2 (patch)
tree	29da2938fa553f993624fc4fcf781d742a8ae4e9 /examples/SUMO/Merge.gf
parent	ae79d4e4b2632b7b9ee9e5a24455d0ca41dc4387 (diff)